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The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly shaken the cultural industries. Researchers report significant financial and job losses worldwide for these industries. Much of the research on the pandemic and the cultural industries has focused on large cities. The objective of this research is to understand the impact of the pandemic on regional cultural industries. We studied the Outaouais region in Canada by conducting focus groups and semi-structured interviews with artists and cultural workers. Our results report on the problems caused by the pandemic, the spin-offs it has generated, the initiatives that have emerged and the role of cultural organizations during the pandemic. This research contributes to the advancement of knowledge by describing the situation of cultural industries in a regional context during the pandemic. The results of this research encourage the maintenance of certain activities in virtual or hybrid mode, the development of grant programs to attract artists to the region, and the development of events or platforms to promote networking between artists andcultural organizations., La pandemia de COVID-19 ha sacudido enormemente las industrias culturales. Los investigadores informan de importantes pérdidas financieras y de puestos de trabajo en todo el mundo para estas industrias. Gran parte de la investigación sobre la pandemia y las industrias culturales se ha centrado en las grandes ciudades. El objetivo de esta investigación es comprender el impacto de la pandemia en las industrias culturales regionales. Estudiamos la región canadiense de Outaouais realizando grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas con artistas y trabajadores culturales. Nuestros resultados informan sobre los problemas causados por la pandemia, los efectos derivados que ha generado, las iniciativas que han surgido y el papel de las organizaciones culturales durante la pandemia. Esta investigación contribuye al avance del conocimiento al describir la situación de las industrias culturales en un contexto regional durante la pandemia. Los resultados de esta investigación fomentan el antenimiento de determinadas actividades en modo virtual o híbrido, el desarrollo de programas de becas para atraer artistas a la región y el desarrollo de eventos o plataformas para promover la creación de redes entre artistas y organizaciones culturales.

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha sacudido enormemente las industrias culturales. Los investigadores informan de importantes pérdidas financieras y de puestos de trabajo en todo el mundo para estas industrias. Gran parte de la investigación sobre la pandemia y las industrias culturales se ha centrado en las grandes ciudades. El objetivo de esta investigación es comprender el impacto de la pandemia en las industrias culturales regionales. Estudiamos la región canadiense de Outaouais realizando grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas con artistas y trabajadores culturales. Nuestros resultados informan sobre los problemas causados por la pandemia, los efectos derivados que ha generado, las iniciativas que han surgido y el papel de las organizaciones culturales durante la pandemia. Esta investigación contribuye al avance del conocimiento al describir la situación de las industrias culturales en un contexto regional durante la pandemia. Los resultados de esta investigación fomentan el antenimiento de determinadas actividades en modo virtual o híbrido, el desarrollo de programas de becas para atraer artistas a la región y el desarrollo de eventos o plataformas para promover la creación de redes entre artistas y organizaciones culturales., The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly shaken the cultural industries. Researchers report significant financial and job losses worldwide for these industries. Much of the research on the pandemic and the cultural industries has focused on large cities. The objective of this research is to understand the impact of the pandemic on regional cultural industries. We studied the Outaouais region in Canada by conducting focus groups and semi-structured interviews with artists and cultural workers. Our results report on the problems caused by the pandemic, the spin-offs it has generated, the initiatives that have emerged and the role of cultural organizations during the pandemic. This research contributes to the advancement of knowledge by describing the situation of cultural industries in a regional context during the pandemic. The results of this research encourage the maintenance of certain activities in virtual or hybrid mode, the development of grant programs to attract artists to the region, and the development of events or platforms to promote networking between artists and cultural organizations.

Chromosomal region 17q12-q21 is associated with asthma and harbors regulatory polymorphisms that influence expression levels of all five protein-coding genes in the region: IKAROS family zinc finger 3 (Aiolos) (IKZF3), zona pellucida binding protein 2 (ZPBP2), ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (ORMDL3), and gasdermins A and B (GSDMA, GSDMB). Furthermore, DNA methylation in this region has been implicated as a potential modifier of the genetic risk of asthma development. To further characterize the effect of DNA methylation, we examined the impact of treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) that causes DNA demethylation, on expression and promoter methylation of the five 17q12-q21 genes in the human airway epithelium cell line NuLi-1, embryonic kidney epithelium cell line 293T and human adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7. 5-aza-dC treatment led to upregulation of expression of GSDMA in all three cell lines. ZPBP2 was upregulated in NuLi-1, but remained repressed in 293T and MCF-7 cells, whereas ORMDL3 was upregulated in 293T and MCF-7 cells, but not NuLi-1. Upregulation of ZPBP2 and GSDMA was accompanied by a decrease in promoter methylation. Moreover, 5-aza-dC treatment modified allelic expression of ZPBP2 and ORMDL3 suggesting that different alleles may respond differently to treatment. We also identified a polymorphic CTCF-binding site in intron 1 of ORMDL3 carrying a CG SNP rs4065275 and determined its methylation level. The site's methylation was unaffected by 5-aza-dC treatment in NuLi-1 cells. We conclude that modest changes (8-13%) in promoter methylation levels of ZPBP2 and GSDMA may cause substantial changes in RNA levels and that allelic expression of ZPBP2 and ORMDL3 is mediated by DNA methylation.

L’entrepreneuriat1 dans les industries culturelles est souvent mal perçu au sein de la communauté artistique. Les artistes présentent peu d’intérêt, manquent de connaissances et sont souvent peu compétents en entrepreneuriat. Ceci entraîne une problématique quant à la viabilité de leur pratique artistique. Les résultats de 50 entretiens semi-structurés proposent de favoriser l’entrepreneuriat en commun chez les artistes afin de démystifier cette pratique et de favoriser la collaboration entre ceux-ci plutôt que la compétition sur le marché de l’art., Entrepreneurship in the cultural industries if often poorly perceived in the artistic community. Artists show little interest, lack of knowledge and are usually not very competent in entrepreneurship. This leads to an important problem for professional artists who are struggling to have a viable practice given these weaknesses. The results of 50 semi-structured interviews suggest as a solution to this weakness to promote collective entrepreneurship. Initiatives promoting collective entrepreneurship among artists demystify this practice and foster collaboration between artists instead of competition in the art market. Artists are collectively stronger, and these initiatives also draw the attention of policy makers and the public to the art market. The results of this research therefore propose concrete solutions to enable artists to perpetuate their practice.