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4 results on '"Ayearst, LE"'

1. National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

Author

Terracciano, A., Abdel-Khalek, AM, Adam, N., Adamovova, L., Ahn, C., Ahn, HN, Alansari, BM, Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Angleitner, A., Avia, MD, Ayearst, LE, Barbaranelli, C., Beer, A., Borg-Cunen, MA, Bratko, D., Brunner-Sciarra, M., Budzinski, L., Camart, N., Dahourou, D., De Fruyt, F., de Lima, MP, del Pilar, GEH, Diener, E., Falzon, R., Fernando, K., Fickova, E., Fischer, R., Flores-Mendoza, C., Ghayur, MA, Gulgoz, S., Hagberg, B., Halberstadt, J., Halim, MS, Hrebickova, M., Humrichouse, J., Jensen, HH, Jocic, DD, Jonsson, FH, Khoury, B., Klinkosz, W., Knezevic, G., Lauri, MA, Leibovich, N., Martin, TA, Marusic, I., Mastor, KA, Matsumoto, D., McRorie, M., Meshcheriakov, B., Mortensen, EL, Munyae, M., Nagy, J., Nakazato, K., Nansubuga, F., Oishi, S., Ojedokun, AO, Ostendorf, F., Paulhus, DL, Pelevin, S., Petot, JM, Podobnik, N., Porrata, JL, Pramila, VS, Prentice, G., Realo, A., Reategui, N., Rolland, JP, Rossier, J., Ruch, W., Rus, VS, Sanchez-Bernardos, ML, Schmidt, V., Sciculna-Calleja, S., Sekowski, A., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Shimonaka, Y., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Siuta, J., Smith, PB, Trapnell, PD, Trobst, KK, Wang, L., Yik, M., Zupancic, A., McCrae, RR, Terracciano, A., Abdel-Khalek, AM, Adam, N., Adamovova, L., Ahn, C., Ahn, HN, Alansari, BM, Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Angleitner, A., Avia, MD, Ayearst, LE, Barbaranelli, C., Beer, A., Borg-Cunen, MA, Bratko, D., Brunner-Sciarra, M., Budzinski, L., Camart, N., Dahourou, D., De Fruyt, F., de Lima, MP, del Pilar, GEH, Diener, E., Falzon, R., Fernando, K., Fickova, E., Fischer, R., Flores-Mendoza, C., Ghayur, MA, Gulgoz, S., Hagberg, B., Halberstadt, J., Halim, MS, Hrebickova, M., Humrichouse, J., Jensen, HH, Jocic, DD, Jonsson, FH, Khoury, B., Klinkosz, W., Knezevic, G., Lauri, MA, Leibovich, N., Martin, TA, Marusic, I., Mastor, KA, Matsumoto, D., McRorie, M., Meshcheriakov, B., Mortensen, EL, Munyae, M., Nagy, J., Nakazato, K., Nansubuga, F., Oishi, S., Ojedokun, AO, Ostendorf, F., Paulhus, DL, Pelevin, S., Petot, JM, Podobnik, N., Porrata, JL, Pramila, VS, Prentice, G., Realo, A., Reategui, N., Rolland, JP, Rossier, J., Ruch, W., Rus, VS, Sanchez-Bernardos, ML, Schmidt, V., Sciculna-Calleja, S., Sekowski, A., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Shimonaka, Y., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Siuta, J., Smith, PB, Trapnell, PD, Trobst, KK, Wang, L., Yik, M., Zupancic, A., and McCrae, RR

Abstract

Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.

Published
2005

2. Psychometric properties of a revised Spanish 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale adaptation in multiple sclerosis patients

Author

Lindsay E. Ayearst, E. Fernández-Jiménez, Graeme J. Taylor, M.A. Pérez-San-Gregorio, Guillermo Izquierdo, R. Michael Bagby, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD). España, [Fernández-Jiménez,E, Pérez-San-Gregorio,MA] Universidad de Sevilla, Spain. [Taylor,GJ, Bagby,RM, Ayearst,LE] University of Toronto, Canada. [Taylor,GJ] Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada. [Bagby,RM] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada. [Izquierdo,G] Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Spain., and This research was supported by the Program of Formation of the University Professors (FPU) of Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport of Spain.

Subjects
Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Behavioral Symptoms::Affective Symptoms [Medical Subject Headings], lcsh:BF1-990, Adaptation (eye), Síntomas afectivos, Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System::Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS::Multiple Sclerosis [Medical Subject Headings], Validez factorial, Developmental psychology, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Multiple sclerosis, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Named Groups::Persons::Population Groups::Ethnic Groups::Hispanic Americans [Medical Subject Headings], Alexithymia, 20-item Toronto, Internal consistency, Instrumental study, medicine, Prevalence, Factorial validity, Reliability (statistics), Factor analysis, Análisis factorial, medicine.diagnostic_test, Reproducibilidad de resultados, 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Information Science::Information Science::Communications Media::Publications::Translations [Medical Subject Headings], Estudio instrumental, medicine.disease, Confirmatory factor analysis, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Research Design::Reproducibility of Results [Medical Subject Headings], Clinical Psychology, lcsh:Psychology, Esclerosis múltiple, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Emotions [Medical Subject Headings], Psychology, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Factor Analysis, Statistical [Medical Subject Headings], Prevalencia, Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Thinking [Medical Subject Headings], Clinical psychology, Alexithymia Scale
Abstract

There have been a small number of investigations of alexithymia in multiple sclerosis (MS) using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). However, the TAS-20 factor structure has not yet been evaluated in a MS patient sample, and earlier Spanish translations of this instrument require some improvement. We aimed to evaluate the factorial validity and reliability of an improved Spanish translation of the TAS-20 (the TAS-20-S). The TAS-20-S was completed by 221 MS patients. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the fit of six different factor models. Internal consistency and retest reliability coefficients were also computed. The correlated three-factor model and the higher-order factor model made up of Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Difficulty Describing Feelings, and Externally Oriented Thinking achieved the best fit. Alpha coefficients ranged between .87 and .67; mean inter-item correlations ranged between .48 and .20; and retest correlations after 6 months ranged between .61 and .52. A high degree of alexithymia was present in 18.1% of the sample. Reliability and the traditional three-factor structure were demonstrated for the TAS-20-S, which can now be recommended for assessing an aspect of emotional processing in MS patients. En la esclerosis múltiple (EM) son escasas las investigaciones centradas en evaluar la alexitimia con la Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto (TAS-20). A pesar de ello, no se ha evaluado aún su estructura factorial en dicha población y, además, las anteriores traducciones al español necesitan modificaciones. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron evaluar la validez factorial y la fiabilidad de una traducción mejorada en español de la TAS-20 (la TAS-20-S), la cual fue administrada en una muestra de 221 pacientes con EM. Se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios para comparar el ajuste de seis modelos factoriales. También se calcularon coeficientes de consistencia interna y de fiabilidad test-retest. Los modelos trifactorial correlacionado y el de orden superior conformados por Dificultad en Identificar Sentimientos, Dificultad en Describir Sentimientos y Pensamiento Externamente Orientado lograron el mejor ajuste. Los coeficientes alfa oscilaron entre 0,87 y 0,67; las correlaciones medias inter-ítem entre 0,48 y 0,20; y las correlaciones test-retest tras 6 meses oscilaron entre 0,61 y 0,52. El 18,10% de la muestra presentó niveles elevados de alexitimia. La TAS-20-S presentó una adecuada fiabilidad así como la tradicional estructura trifactorial, por lo que su uso es ahora recomendable para evaluar un aspecto del procesamiento emocional en EM. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte de España Programa FPU (Formación del Profesorado Universitario)

Published
2013

3. An Open-Label Study of a Wearable Device Targeting ADHD, Executive Function, and Academic Performance.

Author

Ayearst LE, Brancaccio R, and Weiss MD

Abstract

Objective: This was an open-label pilot study to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a wearable digital intervention developed to improve on-task behavior. This was an exploratory study to test for specificity of response on parent- and teacher-reported symptom outcomes in attention and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, as well as domains of functional impairment, including school behavior and learning and executive function., Method: Participants included 38 children aged 8-12 years with a parent-reported past diagnosis of ADHD. Following baseline ratings from parents ( N = 38) and teachers ( N = 26), participants wore the device to school for four weeks. Parent and teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms, executive function, and functional impairment were repeated at the end of the four-week intervention period., Results: Statistically significant improvement was seen in the total scores for all parent and nearly all teacher outcomes, with moderate effect size improvements in attention, organization and planning, self-monitoring, school functioning, and teacher-reported academic performance., Conclusions: Preliminary evidence from this open-label pilot study suggests that having a child interact with a wearable device to self-monitor attention is feasible. This exploratory, open-label pilot study found real-world improvement in functional domains, including academic performance. Future research will require a blinded, randomized, controlled trial using an appropriate sham comparator to confirm these findings.

Published
2023
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4. National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures.

Author

Terracciano A, Abdel-Khalek AM, Adám N, Adamovová L, Ahn CK, Ahn HN, Alansari BM, Alcalay L, Allik J, Angleitner A, Avia MD, Ayearst LE, Barbaranelli C, Beer A, Borg-Cunen MA, Bratko D, Brunner-Sciarra M, Budzinski L, Camart N, Dahourou D, De Fruyt F, de Lima MP, del Pilar GE, Diener E, Falzon R, Fernando K, Ficková E, Fischer R, Flores-Mendoza C, Ghayur MA, Gülgöz S, Hagberg B, Halberstadt J, Halim MS, Hrebícková M, Humrichouse J, Jensen HH, Jocic DD, Jónsson FH, Khoury B, Klinkosz W, Knezević G, Lauri MA, Leibovich N, Martin TA, Marusić I, Mastor KA, Matsumoto D, McRorie M, Meshcheriakov B, Mortensen EL, Munyae M, Nagy J, Nakazato K, Nansubuga F, Oishi S, Ojedokun AO, Ostendorf F, Paulhus DL, Pelevin S, Petot JM, Podobnik N, Porrata JL, Pramila VS, Prentice G, Realo A, Reátegui N, Rolland JP, Rossier J, Ruch W, Rus VS, Sánchez-Bernardos ML, Schmidt V, Sciculna-Calleja S, Sekowski A, Shakespeare-Finch J, Shimonaka Y, Simonetti F, Sineshaw T, Siuta J, Smith PB, Trapnell PD, Trobst KK, Wang L, Yik M, Zupancic A, and McCrae RR

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Assessment, Reproducibility of Results, Social Perception, Stereotyping, Surveys and Questionnaires, Character, Culture, Ethnicity, Personality
Abstract

Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

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