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Seismic activity in Aswan is influenced by the complex interactions of tectonic plates, the accumulation of stress, and the presence of geological fault systems. It revealed that epicenters are well distributed along four fault segments in a conjugate pattern, indicating a prominent E-W compressional stress. This research aims to explore the characteristics of seismicity and seismotectonics, with a focus on assessing their implications for risk reduction and disaster management in this densely populated region. A data review from the Egyptian National Seismological Network (ENSN) identified 464 earthquakes occurred between 2000 and 2021, with local magnitudes ranging from 0.3 to 4.4, and depths up to 25 km. The calculated Gutenberg-Richter b-value is approximately 0.87 ± 0.05, indicating a gradual stress accumulation. The current analysis shows a more consistent level of moderate seismic activity, unlike previous studies in Aswan region that reported a wide range of b-values from 0.554 to 1.07. This suggests that while earlier research captured a wider range of seismic behaviors, recent data indicates a stabilization in earthquake frequency and intensity. Additionally, the fractal dimension (Dc) calculated at 1.57 ± 0.04 shows an intermediate level of complexity and reflecting a clustering pattern of earthquakes. The variations in the b-value with different magnitudes and depths signify the involvement of active smaller faults, responsible for earthquakes up to magnitude 2.2, which then transition to fractured zones inducing earthquakes up to magnitude 2.5. This transition is followed by a decline in seismic activity, indicating regions that are potentially more likely to experience larger earthquakes. Moreover, stress disparities at various depths contribute to smaller earthquakes within the 5-10 km depth range. Return period analysis suggests that the earthquakes of magnitude 3.7 or higher are expected to occur approximately once every decade in Aswan. These findings are of utmost importance for earthquake risk reduction, hazard assessment, and the sustainable development of Aswan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic activity in Aswan is influenced by the complex interactions of tectonic plates, the accumulation of stress, and the presence of geological fault systems. It revealed that epicenters are well distributed along four fault segments in a conjugate pattern, indicating a prominent E-W compressional stress. This research aims to explore the characteristics of seismicity and seismotectonics, with a focus on assessing their implications for risk reduction and disaster management in this densely populated region. A data review from the Egyptian National Seismological Network (ENSN) identified 464 earthquakes occurred between 2000 and 2021, with local magnitudes ranging from 0.3 to 4.4, and depths up to 25 km. The calculated Gutenberg-Richter b-value is approximately 0.87 ± 0.05, indicating a gradual stress accumulation. The current analysis shows a more consistent level of moderate seismic activity, unlike previous studies in Aswan region that reported a wide range of b-values from 0.554 to 1.07. This suggests that while earlier research captured a wider range of seismic behaviors, recent data indicates a stabilization in earthquake frequency and intensity. Additionally, the fractal dimension (Dc) calculated at 1.57 ± 0.04 shows an intermediate level of complexity and reflecting a clustering pattern of earthquakes. The variations in the b-value with different magnitudes and depths signify the involvement of active smaller faults, responsible for earthquakes up to magnitude 2.2, which then transition to fractured zones inducing earthquakes up to magnitude 2.5. This transition is followed by a decline in seismic activity, indicating regions that are potentially more likely to experience larger earthquakes. Moreover, stress disparities at various depths contribute to smaller earthquakes within the 5–10 km depth range. Return period analysis suggests that the earthquakes of magnitude 3.7 or higher are expected to occur approximately once every decade in Aswan. These findings are of utmost importance for earthquake risk reduction, hazard assessment, and the sustainable development of Aswan area.

The rate of global urbanization is constantly increasing. As a result of the massive population growth, there is an increasing demand for further urban development, especially in developing regions such as Aswan city. This paper aims to examine the usage official land-use data in predicting future urban growth until 2046, moreover, to define urban driving forces in case study area. This was done using Similarity weighted model, a machine learning based model to simulate future urban growth. The results show that official land-use data produce a slightly better results’ accuracy than remote sensing sources within small to medium scales. The results although reveal that for study region, urban area is expected to expand to cover an area of almost 4460 Feddan by year 2046. The outcome of this research assesses decision makers to accurately predict future urban sprawl areas using available official land-use data.

{AR} يتناول البحث الدراسة الآثارية وحالة الحفظ لمقبرة النجومي، والتى ترجع أصولها إلى الأسرة العلوية, حيث تقع هذه المقبرة في أسوان في الجهة الجنوبية من المقابر الفاطمية وبالقرب من المسلة الناقصة. ويطلق عليها مقبرة الجنود المصريين أو مقبرة توشكا، وإن بناء القبة كبناء تذكاري تم بأمر من الملك فاروق في عهده، ولكن المنامة نفسها ودفن الشهداء والمعركة التي حدثت في(1310ه) كانوا في هذا المكان الذي اختاره فاروق لبناء هذا المبني. وبالرغم من موقعها وقربها من المسلة الناقصة وهى خلفها مباشرةً. نجد أنه لا يعرفها الكثيرون من المتخصصين وحتي أهالي محافظة أسوان نفسها لا يعرفونها, و ظلت تعاني الإهمال لفترات إلا أنه في الوقت الحالي لاقت اهتماماً من المحافظة, ويستهدف البحث رصد أهم المخاطر التي تتعرض لها قبة النجومي، ومنها أنه في عام (2018م) اشتعلت الحرائق في حديقة المقبرة بسبب عدم إزالة الحشائش لفترات. كما يستهدف رصد ما يعاني منه المكان من عدم النظافة وإلقاء المخلفات, كما أن النوافذ الجصية بالقبة تعاني من الإهمال مما يؤدي إلى تكسير وفقد أجزاء، وتم فحص عينات من الشباك الجصي للتعرف علي حالة الجبس. ومن المخاطر المستمرة المياه الأرضية والتي تم تحليلها والتعرف علي عناصرها. وللفحوص تم استخدام طرق مثل الميكروسكوب الرقمي، والميكروسكوب الإلكتروني الماسح المزود بوحدة SEM-EDX لفحص عينات من الشبابيك، واستخدام ICP ( (Inductively Coupled plasm لتحليل المياه. وتبين من نتائج الفحص SEM- EDX وجود أملاح الكلوريدات والكبريتات بنسب عالية. وباستخدام Wireless USB Digital Microscope الميكرسكوب المحمول ظهر تراكم الاتسخات بين الزخارف وتدهور بلورات الجبس, أما تحليل المياه باستخدام جهازICP فقد أظهر تركيزات عناصر(Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb, P)، وارتفاع معدلات الفسفور والحديد. {EN} This research presents the state of the Al-Nujomi Cemetery; Which traces its origins back to the Alawite family. This cemetery is located in Aswan. It is called the cemetery of the Egyptian soldiers or the tomb of Toshka, And the construction of the dome as a memorial building was done by order of King Farouk during his reign, but Manama itself and the burial of the martyrs and the battle that took place in (1310 AH) were in this place that Farouk chose to build this building . Despite its location and proximity to the missing obelisk, which is directly behind it? We find that many specialists do not know it, and even the people of Aswan Governorate itself do not know it. It has been neglected for periods, but at the present time it has received attention from the governorate. The research aims to monitor the most important risks to the Dome of Al-Nujumi, including that in the year (2018 AD) fires broke out in the garden of the cemetery due to the failure to remove the weeds for periods. The research also aims to monitor what the place suffers from uncleanness and dumping of waste. Also, the plaster windows in the dome suffer from neglect, which leads to cracking and missing parts. Samples of the plaster nets were examined to identify the condition of the stucco. One of the constant dangers is groundwater, which has been analyzed and its elements identified. For the examinations, methods such as: SEM-EDX and the use of ICP. The results of the SEM-EDX showed high levels of chloride and sulfate salts. using wireless USB digital microscopic accumulation of dirty between gypsum decorations. For water analysis using an ICP device, concentrations of elements such as (Fe, Zn, Cu,Cd, Ni, Pb, P) and high rates of phosphorus, iron and magnesium

BackgroundRheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) remains a major cause of valvular heart disease related mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, with significant variation in characteristics and course of the disease across different regions. However, despite the high disease burden, there is sparse region-specific data on demographics, disease characteristics and course in treated and untreated patients to guide policy.MethodsThe ARGI database is a hospital-based registry in a tertiary referral national centre (Aswan Heart Centre, AHC) in which all patients with the diagnosis of RHD are being included. The mode of presentation, including baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics (as well as other imaging modalities), biomarkers and genetics are being documented. Treatment modalities and adherence to treatment is being recorded and patients are followed up regularly every 6 and/or 12 months, or more frequently if needed.DiscussionThis study shows for the first time an in-depth analysis of the severity and phenotype of disease in Egyptian patients presenting with RHD as well as the progression with time and provides a platform for further comparisons of regional differences in these details as well as their causes. The ARGI database will be of help in achieving the objectives of the Cairo Accord aiming at eradication of RF and RHD.

With the fossil fuel crisis, the world has been looking for renewable energies, and the concentrated solar tower (CST) technology has been the best solution in intensive solar areas. This paper introduced a detailed design, construction, and operation of small-scale CST for water heating applications in Aswan. Two heliostats (i.e., 50 × 50 cm2 cross-section area and 1.4 m spacing) redirect the incoming solar radiation into the tower's receiver. The receiver is a 20 × 30 cm2 cross-section area on a 1.0 m tower height and a space of 3.0 m from heliostats. Water flows through a 5.0 cm receiver's passage depth to absorb the reflected energy. This design is obtained from modeling the governing equations of both optical and thermal fields. The designed optical efficiency was ≈85.46% for the optical field, dominated by the Cosine efficiency. As for the thermal field, a detailed 1-D heat transfer mechanism is presented to predict the internal temperature. After construction, an experimental test is done, including temperature measurement of the receiver's outer surface and water inlet/outlet. The result consistently affirmed the mathematical model, revealing the CST's ability. Through the designed flowrate of 10.2 L/h and outlet-inlet temperature differences of ΔT = 19.5 ± 0.4OC, the maximum water temperature of ≈48.5 ± 1.0OC was observed at the daytime of 13:00. The maximum obtained designed efficiency was ≈52%, showing ≈19% reduction in the designed values (i.e., optical efficiency was ≈69.22 ± 8.2%, while receiver efficiency was ≈74.52 ± 5.4%. This work could provide a prototype to the community, promising advanced application of CST technology in the future.

Study region: The Aswan region is a vast plateau in the South of Egypt located 150 m above mean sea level (AMSL). Within this region, the tourist city of Aswan is Egypt’s southernmost city, located on the east bank of the Nile River. Study focus: The occurrence of flash floods can severely impact low-lying and densely populated areas. Therefore, highly vulnerable areas require effective mitigation measures to guarantee public safety and preserve archeological sites of great importance. This study investigates the interaction between the soil, surface water, and groundwater in the Aswan region of Egypt. Based on the rainfall analysis and the watershed hydrology, six different scenarios were run using the MODFLOW and Watershed Modeling System (WMS) software, which simulated rainfall recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. New hydrological insights for the region: The model's results indicated that an increase in the recurrence interval produced a rise in the groundwater level (GWL) up to 8.82 m (AMSL). Therefore, constructing three dams was proposed as a solution at the three basins of Al- Haytah, Al-Kimab, and Umm-Buwayrat. The proposed solution allows the storage of large volumes of water upstream. It mitigates GWL's rise within and near Aswan City. The presented study can be applied to vulnerable watersheds in arid and semi-arid regions. It can help policymakers to integrate additional sustainable solutions into construction dams and their implementation in development plans.

Copyright of Magazine General Union of Arab Archaeologists is the property of General Union of Arab Archaeologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Fatimid state was established in Egypt in 969 and lasted until the end of the dynasty in 1171. During the Fatimid rule in Egypt, a large set of monuments were erected. A significant portion of these monuments were shrines dedicated to the descendants of the Prophet Muhammed, especially in Aswan. Groundwater rising, at present, has introduced severe deterioration to the ancient earthen mud-brick architecture of the Fatimid tombs in Aswan city (Egypt). However, monitoring the influence of anthropogenic and environmental aspects on the deterioration issues in Fatimid tombs has not yet been considered. To this end, the scope of this pilot study is to investigate the structural stability and weathering vulnerability of the building materials of mud-brick structures in the Fatimid Cemetery before restoration labor. This was achieved using an integration of remote sensing (Landsat 8 and SRTM-DEM) and hydrogeological datasets in the Geographic Information System (GIS), along with a physicochemical and mineralogical analysis of various materials (the bearing soil, wall plasters, and Muqarnas) from the affected cemeteries. The morphological and mineralogical compositions of the collected samples were analytically examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and CT scan. Moreover, geotechnical studies were conducted for the perched soil water and subsoil, including the analysis of the physiochemical composition and heavy metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results of multitemporal analysis of land use/land cover (LULC) changes displayed the growth and appearance of wetlands near the Fatimid tombs area over the last decades, boosting the geo-environmental risks from soil water rising. Furthermore, the detailed analytical investigations of building materials and soil foundations showed that this unique and substantial ancient Islamic archaeological site of Egypt shows weak geotechnical properties, and it is highly sensitive to natural and anthropogenic stressors. This innovative methodology can produce novel recommendations and results to the Ministry of Antiquities in Egypt and the Heritage Commission in Saudi Arabia for the adequate restoration of monuments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal for Tourism, Archeology & Hospitality (IJTAH) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background The geochemical studies on the rare earth elements to demonstrate sources of the toxic metals for soils and Nile sediments for Aswan area are seldom. Results Minerallogically, the studied soil agriculture samples consist mainly of quartz (42%), clay minerals (33%), plagioclase (20%) and magnesin-calcite (5%). Clay minerals are composed of montmorillonite as bentonite. The studied Nile sediments consist mainly of quartz (75%), clay minerals (15%), plagioclase (5%) and calcite (5%). Clay minerals are composed of calcian-montmorillonite (10%) and Kaolinite (5%). Geochemically, the chemical analytical techniques of the environment-sensitive elements, including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Zn, U and Th, have been performed for agricultural soils and sediments of Aswan–Luxor District to assess the geochemical characteristics of these elements and their impact on soil environmental and plant, as well as their provenance. Conclusions Average content of Cd was about 1.5-fold for the studied Nile sediments and slightly higher soil agriculture than (MPL). Pb and Cr average contents twofold of (MPL) for Nile sediments and Cr average of soil is represented 2.5-fold of (MPL). The average content of As, Cu, Co, Ni and U in both Nile sediments and cultivated soil in the studied area is lower than the maximum permissible limit (MPL). Average content of Pb, Zn and Cr was about 2, 2- and 2.5-fold, respectively, according to USPHS for the Nile sediments and threefold of Cr for the agriculture soils. The agricultural soil of Luxor–Aswan district is characteristic highly enrichment of As, Co, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, U and Th than those of the Nile sediments. In addition, the Nile sediments have high concentration average of Cr, Zn, Mn and Pb and low contamination of the other elements. The sources of the toxic metals in the studied area may probably be natural or anthropogenic. The anthropogenic source is resulting from paper, Ferrosilicon factories and Phosphate mines at Edfu, as well as Sand quarry, Shale mine and the Nitrogen Fertilizer factory at Aswan. In addition, natural sources such as waste of the drains floods.

This paper studies the groundwater logging problem in the Quaternary aquifer in Aswan city, Upper Egypt. Groundwater levels are already very high in Aswan city, but this has not been exploited, and it causes damage to the environment and infrastructure for roads, building, and templets. Rising groundwater leads to the deterioration and poor quality of agricultural lands. The main objective of this study is to assess and investigate the main reasons for the groundwater logging in the tourist city of Aswan using field investigation during different periods and gain a better understanding of the water dynamics in the study area. This study investigated the surface water levels in the High Dam Lake (HDL), the Kima Lake water levels, the recharge in the fish hatchery, the abstraction well rates in Kima and El-Shalal, and the leakage from the drinking water and wastewater network in Aswan city within the study area using field investigation. The results of this study show that the HDL is one of the most important sources feeding the aquifer in the study area, and it affects the rise and fall of the groundwater levels, but it is not the only factor that affects this problem. Moreover, the rise in the groundwater levels was due to the infiltration from the unlinking fish hatchery, the reduction in abstraction well rates from Kima Lake, the lack of abstraction from El shallal region, the increase in the leakage from drinking water pipelines, sewage networks and septic underground wastewater tanks; these factors are affecting groundwater logging in Aswan city. Potential groundwater level maps for the study area were generated using field data and ArcGIS technique for the years 2010, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2018, and 2020. Based on the results of the potential groundwater maps, the maximum and minimum difference for the groundwater levels in the study area between 2017 and 2012 reached 12.56 m and 0.83 m, respectively; also, between 2018 and 2017, the levels were 4.34 m and 0.25 m, respectively. Moreover, between 2020 and 2018, they were 8 m and 0.38 m, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work deals with the three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the subsurface phosphate ore body at Wadi Ash-Shaghab, East Sibaiya area, Southern Egypt. The construction of lithologic logs of 23 boreholes and 3D modeling in the region, is based on RockWorks2006, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Surfer 9 softwares. The outputs include stratigraphic cross-sections, solid stratigraphic models, stratigraphic Fence diagrams, structural elevation surface diagrams and isopach maps of both phosphate ore body and overburden rocks. The shape, thickness and quality of ore body, together with the overburden rocks have been estimated. The reserve of phosphate ore body at Wadi Ash-Shaghab area is suggested to be about 8673.280 tons, in the study area. However, the subsurface lithostratigraphic correlation in East Sibaiya area showed that the maximum thickness (3 m), of the ore body was found at Wadi El-Batur, Umm Salamah and El Mahamid El-Gedida, whereas the minimum thickness (60 cm–120 cm) was recorded at Umm Tundubah and Umm Hegarah. Moreover, this lithostratigraphic correlation showed that the overburden's thickness increases from east (3.0–7.0 m) towards the west (10–40 m) of the studied area.

Aesthetic differences in mausoleums of the Islamic Necropolis of Aswan basically consist in compositional variations of a fixed number of stereometric elements, with few important exceptions in which the single grammatical element becomes a vehicle for architectural expressiveness. In terms of appropriation and reproduction of an architectural image this is a very interesting marker, which helps us to recognise the prevailing directions and the degrees of fluidity in the transmission of stylistic models. Moreover, this approach can be useful to better define the dating of the artefacts of the Aswan Necropolis, as yet not perfectly identified.

Livestock meat is considered a potential source of human infection, therefore evaluation of the infection rate with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in these animals’ meat is needed for public health protection. Serum and meat samples were collected from slaughtered animals (n=106) (27 sheep, 42 cattle and 37 camels) from slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate, located in southern Egypt. T. gondii infection status was detected by Latex agglutination test (LAT), microscopic examination and PCR. Our results revealed that the overall prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies among serum samples was 48.1 % using LAT. Male sheep, cattle, and camels had a higher positive percentage (42.9 %, 69.4% and 33.3 %, respectively) than females (40 %, 50 % and 30.8 %, respectively). The infection rate of T. gondii was higher in adult sheep and camels, while it was lower in adult cattle (64.5 %) than in young (72.7 %). There was a high statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) between the animal species using LAT. T. gondii trophozoites were detected microscopically in 47.1 % of meat samples, while T. gondii DNA was detected in 56.9 % by using conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (cPCR) based B1 gene. There was no significant difference between the results of both microscopy and PCR methods. In conclusion, PCR outperforms LAT in the detection of T. gondii infection and can thus be applied to routine diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in red meat producing animals.

The Fatimid state was established in Egypt in 969 and lasted until the end of the dynasty in 1171. During the Fatimid rule in Egypt, a large set of monuments were erected. A significant portion of these monuments were shrines dedicated to the descendants of the Prophet Muhammed, especially in Aswan. Groundwater rising, at present, has introduced severe deterioration to the ancient earthen mud-brick architecture of the Fatimid tombs in Aswan city (Egypt). However, monitoring the influence of anthropogenic and environmental aspects on the deterioration issues in Fatimid tombs has not yet been considered. To this end, the scope of this pilot study is to investigate the structural stability and weathering vulnerability of the building materials of mud-brick structures in the Fatimid Cemetery before restoration labor. This was achieved using an integration of remote sensing (Landsat 8 and SRTM-DEM) and hydrogeological datasets in the Geographic Information System (GIS), along with a physicochemical and mineralogical analysis of various materials (the bearing soil, wall plasters, and Muqarnas) from the affected cemeteries. The morphological and mineralogical compositions of the collected samples were analytically examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and CT scan. Moreover, geotechnical studies were conducted for the perched soil water and subsoil, including the analysis of the physiochemical composition and heavy metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results of multitemporal analysis of land use/land cover (LULC) changes displayed the growth and appearance of wetlands near the Fatimid tombs area over the last decades, boosting the geo-environmental risks from soil water rising. Furthermore, the detailed analytical investigations of building materials and soil foundations showed that this unique and substantial ancient Islamic archaeological site of Egypt shows weak geotechnical properties, and it is highly sensitive to natural and anthropogenic stressors. This innovative methodology can produce novel recommendations and results to the Ministry of Antiquities in Egypt and the Heritage Commission in Saudi Arabia for the adequate restoration of monuments.

The research aimed to achieve a set of goals in Aswan Governorate during the study period (2005- 2020), which is to study the economic indicators to classify total agricultural loans, the development and efficiency of agricultural credit for each of the plant production loans, red meat production projects, dairy production projects, the most important determinants of demand on agricultural loans for sugarcane crop, agricultural credit risks and problems and proposed solutions to solve them. The method of descriptive and quantitative analysis was used, and the research relied on published and unpublished secondary data for the economic variables of agricultural loans as well as primary data through a random sample selected in Edfu and Kom Ombo destrict and totaled the number of farmers in the research sample is about 95 farms. The study reached the following results: 1- The annual rate of change of plant loans, investment project loans for red meat production, investment project loans for dairy production, total agricultural loans during the period (2005-2020) amounted to about 0.83, 0.44, 9.34, 1.55%, while the annual average was about 2.65, 2.49, 0.601 million pounds. They represent about 46.16, 43.38 and 10.46 percent of the total agricultural loans in Aswan Governorate, which amount to about EGP 5.74 million each, respectively. 2- The annual rate of change of plant loans in the destrict of Edfu, Kom Ombo, Nasr Al Nuba, Daraw during the period (2005-2020) amounted to about 1.54, 0.48, 0.19, 0.76 %, while the annual average amounted to about 910, 896, 468, 376 thousand pounds. They represent about 34.35, 33.8, 17.66, 14.19% of the total plant loans in Aswan Governorate, which amount to about 2.65 million pounds each, respectively. 3- By studying the economic and credit indicators of plant loans granted to the sugarcane crop in Aswan Governorate during the period (2005-2020) the annual rate of change for each of the variable costs, total costs, the value of the loan granted per feddan, the volume of loans granted to the crop, the percentage of the loan per feddan for variable costs, costs Credit, feddan net return is about 11.21, 11.04, 6.04, 0.83, (-5.23), 6.15, 9.39 %, while the annual average is about 10.07, 13.3, 8.4, (2.6 million), 5.7 thousand pounds for each, respectively, while the costs amounted to about the credit is about 420 pounds, and finally, the ratio of loan coverage for variable costs was about 0.84%, and the return on the invested pound was about 88 %. 4- The annual rate of change of loans for investment projects to produce red meat in the centers of Edfu, Kom Ombo, Nasr Al Nuba, Daraw during the period (2005-2020) was about 0.39, 0.69, (-0.18), 0.36 %, while the annual average was about 919, (10.02 million). EGP), 305, 247 thousand EGP, representing about 36.89, 40.95, 12.25, 9.91% of the total plant loans in Aswan Governorate, which amount to about EGP 2.491 million each, respectively . 5- By studying the economic and credit indicators of the value of loans granted to types of fattening livestock for investment projects for the production of red meat (2020-2021), which are Friesian fattening, mixture, and municipal, the coverage ratio of the value of the loan granted to the head reached about 81, 75 and 90% for each of them, respectively, while The net return is about 11.2, 9.6, and 6.7 thousand pounds per head. The return on the invested pound is about 93, 87, and 1.04 % for each, respectively. 6- The annual rate of change of loans for investment projects for dairy production in the destrict of Edfu, Kom Ombo, Nasr Al Nuba and Daraw during the period (2005-2020) was about 8.73, 10.92, 8.16, 10.32 %, while the annual average amounted to 359, 146, 46, 53 thousand pounds, They represent about 59.73, 23.79, 7.65, and 8.81% of the total plant loans in Aswan Governorate, which amount to about 601 thousand pounds and million pounds each, respectively. 7- By studying the economic and credit indicators of the value of loans granted to types of livestock investment projects for dairy production (2020- 2021), which are Friesian cattle, buffalo, local cows and mixture, the coverage ratio of the value of the loan granted to the head reached about 87, 94, and 74% for each of them, respectively, while The net return is about 11.1, 9.95, and 6.6 thousand pounds per head. The return on the invested pound is about 2.7, 2.53, 2.57 % for each, respectively . 8- By studying the factors affecting the demand for loans for the sugarcane crop, it was found that the most important of them are the variable costs, the ratio of the loan coverage to the variable costs, and by using the double logarithmic model, its statistical significance was proven at the 1% probability level during the study period and that these two variables explain about 99% of the changes in the value of feddan loans for the sugarcane crop, and that by increasing the variable costs, and the coverage ratio by 10%, this leads to an increase in the demand for loans for the sugarcane crop by about 100.1%, 100.2% for each, respectively, while it was found from the results of the statistical estimation of the linear model that there was a direct statistically significant relationship between the costs changing Q1, the proportion of the loan to cover the costs of changing Q2 and that these two variables explain about 95.7% of the changes in the value of feddan loans for crop reeds noted that such an increase of variable costs, the proportion of the loan to cover the costs of changing one unit leads to increased demand for loans by about 0.565, 3102.72 units on the arrangement, as it was found that there is a statistically insignificant negative relationship between the demand for loans and credit costs, meaning an increase in credit costs by one unit that leads to Demand for loans decreased by 0.16 units . 9- By studying the economic and credit problems facing farmers in Aswan Governorate, it was found that the most important of them is the necessity of having agricultural tenure as a basic condition and guarantee for obtaining the loan, not disbursing loans in kind and only cash disbursement, not disbursing loans until after paying the previous and due loans, requesting Inquiries were made with the Central Bank about the loan holder, the complexity of the conditions and procedures for obtaining the loan and the large number of guarantees, the insufficient amount of the loan for the productive activity to be used, and it was found that the most important proposed solutions are to extend the loan collection period without attaching delay penalties or increasing the interest rate and giving a deadline to the farmer those in default of payments, taking into account the compatibility of loan repayment dates with the dates of harvesting crops and marketing products, providing and disbursing inkind loans such as fertilizers, seeds and pesticides to ensure their quality and adequacy, adjusting the value of the loan annually for each productive activity in balance with the annual inflation rate and the high prices of production requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hydatidosis is an infection caused by the cystic larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is a zoonotic disease has a worldwide distribution and common in developing and undeveloped countries. Objectives: The objective of the present study is to studying the infection rate and predilection seats of hydatid cyst affections among slaughtered food animals in Aswan Governorate, southern Egypt and study the effect of age and sex of infected slaughtered animals on the infection with hydatid cyst. Also, study the effect of seasonal variations in the infection with hydatid cyst among slaughtered animals. In addition, the macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, scanning electron microscopy and histopathological studies for the collected hydatid cyst are examined. Methods: This investigation was carried out from August 2015 to July 2016 in two main slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate to study the hydatidosis in camels and sheep. By routine meat inspection, hydatid cyst count and characterization was conducted. Findings: A total of 2080 camels and 674 sheep were examined. Of these, 173 (8.32%) camels and 3 (0.45%) sheep were found to harbour one or more hydatid cysts. Female and older age slaughtered animals were more susceptible to infection with these metacestode than males and younger animals. Hydatid cyst infection in slaughtered animals is most commonly found in lung followed by liver while mixed infection in both lung and liver was found only in camel. Hydatid cyst in slaughtered camels was higher in autumn followed by winter, while hydatid cyst in slaughtered sheep was found only in autumn season. Fertile cysts in lung and liver of slaughtered camels was 83.4% and 30% respectively. While the fertility of hydatid cyst in infected lung and liver of sheep was 100%. Main conclusions: This study reported that slaughtered animals were infected with relatively high infection rate of hydatid cyst may be due to the presence of socio-economic conditions favourable for the disease and maintenance of high level of infection. So must design governmental control programs against hydatidosis to minimize the infection rate in Aswan Governorate and ensure effective protection not only for animal population but also for humans at risk of contracting the infection.

Background: The geochemical studies on the rare earth elements to demonstrate sources of the toxic metals for soils and Nile sediments for Aswan area are seldom. Results: Minerallogically, the studied soil agriculture samples consist mainly of quartz (42%), clay minerals (33%), plagioclase (20%) and magnesin-calcite (5%). Clay minerals are composed of montmorillonite as bentonite. The studied Nile sediments consist mainly of quartz (75%), clay minerals (15%), plagioclase (5%) and calcite (5%). Clay minerals are composed of calcian-montmorillonite (10%) and Kaolinite (5%). Geochemically, the chemical analytical techniques of the environment-sensitive elements, including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Zn, U and Th, have been performed for agricultural soils and sediments of Aswan–Luxor District to assess the geochemical characteristics of these elements and their impact on soil environmental and plant, as well as their provenance. Conclusions: Average content of Cd was about 1.5-fold for the studied Nile sediments and slightly higher soil agriculture than (MPL). Pb and Cr average contents twofold of (MPL) for Nile sediments and Cr average of soil is represented 2.5-fold of (MPL). The average content of As, Cu, Co, Ni and U in both Nile sediments and cultivated soil in the studied area is lower than the maximum permissible limit (MPL). Average content of Pb, Zn and Cr was about 2, 2- and 2.5-fold, respectively, according to USPHS for the Nile sediments and threefold of Cr for the agriculture soils. The agricultural soil of Luxor–Aswan district is characteristic highly enrichment of As, Co, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, U and Th than those of the Nile sediments. In addition, the Nile sediments have high concentration average of Cr, Zn, Mn and Pb and low contamination of the other elements. The sources of the toxic metals in the studied area may probably be natural or anthropogenic. The anthropogenic source is resulting from paper, Ferrosilicon factories and Phosphate mines at Edfu, as well as Sand quarry, Shale mine and the Nitrogen Fertilizer factory at Aswan. In addition, natural sources such as waste of the drains floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médiévales is the property of Presses Universitaires de Vincennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultural Tourism offers a strong motivation to preserve the elements of cultural heritage in tourist destinations. It helps to preserve cultural elements as important tourist attractions. Cultural tourism's notion is unlimited to visiting monumental attractions only, but it has also become an interactive experience with the social fabric of the community through attending exhibitions, festivals and events, and the purchase of traditional local products. Thus, the human capital factor in tourism is linked to the quality of tourism products. With the growth of international tourism, the importance of sustainable tourism development has emerged to protect natural, cultural, and human resources, in addition to achieving economic development. As non-sustainable tourism development has led to the deterioration of tourism resources. This research paper examines if cultural tourism contributes to decrease tourism seasonality and achieve sustainable tourism development in cultural heritage sites. A case study of Aswan was selected. Aswan has unique and important elements of cultural heritage (Tangible and Intangible), but it still faces many problems like tourism seasonality, besides its tourism is still weak compared with other cities that have the same tourism potential. Based on a literature review and analytical study of global examples that achieved sustainability in cultural heritage sites, a field study of Aswan was conducted to evaluate the current status of cultural tourism, besides illustrating the challenges of achieving sustainability. The major result that has emerged from the study is paying attention to cultural tourism is the possible solution to the challenges that Aswan tourism faces. Finally, the paper concluded that investment in human capital creates opportunities for cultural tourism which in return resolves one of tourism's major challenges: seasonality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document Granite quarries in Aswan, south of Egypt, have many rock paintings and engravings. This rock art in Aswan's granite quarries is exposed to many weathering factors that threaten its survival. To protect these arts, the research focused on a comparative study to evaluate the application of certain reinforcing materials such as Paraloid B44, Paraloid B48, Estel 1000 and SILRES® BS OH 100 to strengthen crumbling rock. Examination and analysis methods such as polarized microscopy (PM), scanning electron microscopy and analysis with energy-dispersed X-ray unit (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) have been used to determine the chemical and mineral composition of the rock and the degradation and damage to rocky art. These treatments were evaluated after artificial aging by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that treatment with Estel 1000 is suitable for studied rock paintings and engravings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although solar chimney power plant (SCPP) has a promising potential to convert the solar energy to electric power, greater efforts are needed to ensure its successful commercialisation on a large scale. The main obstacles with regard to the large‐scale applications of SCPP are its efficiency, bulk size and dependency on solar irradiation. A comprehensive study on the integration of the Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) as a novel technique to monitor and hence improve its performance is presented. A small‐scale SCPP is designed and constructed specifically for this purpose in Aswan, Egypt. The instantaneous performance parameters (temperature, solar intensity, wind speed, open circuit voltage, power etc.) were measured and further processed using IoT. The results show that IoT has a promising potential to enhance the performance of the system by providing a complete picture of the whole measurements. This is considered as a step forward for enhancing the technologies which will ensure the success of large‐scale SCPP in the real world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the development of Nile River islands in the first reach which extends between Aswan and new Esna barrages. A wide range of data compiled and used in this investigation which include produced maps in 1939, 1982 and 2003, and hydrological data. Compiled data drew a complete picture for up-to-date information on morphological changes since 1939. The analysis indicated that islands length; thus, area has reduced since 1939. Also, islands tend to reshape by elongating. The reduction in area is attributed in part to the merging of islands in either bank and adjustment of the river to the new flow conditions after the operation of High Aswan Dam. El-Mansouria Island which is the largest island in area was focused on. Recent human interferences accelerated the merging of island in the west bank. Consequently, river morphology has changed around the islands.

Gebel el-Silsila north of Aswan and is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world. It is considered the main quarry for sandstone in ancient Egypt. Also, it contains hundreds of graffiti, rock art, and rock-cut panels that suffer from several types of deterioration aspects due to the internal and the external deterioration factors dominating at the site. Different scientific methods such as: PM, SEM, XRD, EDX and FTIR have been used to study and determine the chemical and mineralogical components of those monuments and their deterioration aspects. The obtained results show that the chemical and mineralogical transformations were the main aspects in the deterioration and degradation of rock-cut panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2D integrated geophysical modelling approach has been used to determine the temperature distribution in the lithosphere along the profile passing through Aswan. Based on the temperature model and the rheological parameters, we have calculated strength distribution in the lithosphere for the studied profile. The strength envelopes have been calculated for both compressional and extensional regimes. Our results indicate that the strength is constant along the whole length of the profile passing through the Nubia plain. The largest strength can be observed within the upper crust which allows us to assume rigid deformation in this part of the lithosphere, with compressional processes predominant. Towards the lower crust and upper mantle, strength values rapidly decrease for both regimes, suggesting ductile deformations in the lower part of the lithosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abouelreesh is one of the most at risk areas in Aswan, Egypt, which suffers from storms, poor drainage, and flash flooding. These phenomena affect the urban areas and cause a lot of damage to buildings and infrastructure. Moreover, the potential for the further realization of dangerous situations increased when the urban areas of Abouelreesh extended towards the risk areas. In an effort to ameliorate the danger, two key issues for urban growth management were studied, namely: (i) estimations regarding the pace of urban sprawl, and (ii) the identification of urban areas located in regions that would be affected by flash floods. Analyzing these phenomena require a lot of data in order to obtain good results, but in our case, the official data or field data was limited so we tried to obtain it by accessing two kinds of free sources of satellite data. First, we used Arc GIS tools to analyze (digital elevation model (DEM)) files in order to study the watershed and better identify the risk area. Second, we studied historical imagery in Google Earth to determine the age of each urban block. The urban growth rate in the risk areas had risen to 63.31% in 2001. Urban growth in the case study area had been influenced by house sizes, because most people were looking to live in bigger houses. The aforementioned problem can be observed by considering the increasing average house sizes from 2001 until 2013, where, especially in risky areas, the average of house sizes had grown from 223 m2 in 2001 to 318 m2 in 2013. The findings from this study would be useful to urban planners and government officials in helping them to make informed decisions on urban development to benefit the community, especially those living in areas at risk from flash flooding from heavy rain events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban sprawl has become a very complex process, because it has many factors affecting its directions and values. The study of relative research shows that the driving forces that lead and redirect future urban sprawl require the application of a statistical method. In our study, logistic regressions were used to analyze and class the driving forces for urban sprawl. Identifying the driving forces, which is the most important step in predicting the future of urban sprawl in 2037, was performed using the cellular automata models. This study takes the Aswan area as a case study in the period from 2001 to 2013 by analyzing the official detailed plan and Google Earth historical imagery. Almost all data was prepared for logistic regression analysis using ArcGIS software and IDRISI® Selva. In our study, a hybrid model of the Markov chain and logistic regression models was applied to identify future urban sprawl in 2037. The findings of this paper simulate the increase in urban area over 24 years from 1.85 to 2.59 km2. These findings highlight the growing risks of urban sprawl and the difficulties opposing the sustainable urban development plans officially proposed for this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban sprawl has become a very complex process, because it has many factors affecting its directions and values. The study of relative research shows that the driving forces that lead and redirect future urban sprawl require the application of a statistical method. In our study, logistic regressions were used to analyze and class the driving forces for urban sprawl. Identifying the driving forces, which is the most important step in predicting the future of urban sprawl in 2037, was performed using the cellular automata models. This study takes the Aswan area as a case study in the period from 2001 to 2013 by analyzing the official detailed plan and Google Earth historical imagery. Almost all data was prepared for logistic regression analysis using ArcGIS software and IDRISI® Selva. In our study, a hybrid model of the Markov chain and logistic regression models was applied to identify future urban sprawl in 2037. The findings of this paper simulate the increase in urban area over 24 years from 1.85 to 2.59 km2. These findings highlight the growing risks of urban sprawl and the difficulties opposing the sustainable urban development plans officially proposed for this area.

Cichlid fish species dominating River Nile at Aswan region (namely Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zillii) were collected from the widespread used trammel nets. Analysis of the length-frequency using (FiSAT) computer program revealed that, the estimated the Von Bertalanffy's growth parameters were L∞ = 25.73 cm (asymptotic length); k = 0.73 year-1 for O. niloticus and L∞ = 19.43 cm ; k = 1.4 year-1 for Tilapia zillii . The instantaneous total mortality rate of O. niloticus was 3.64 and 5.60 year-1 for T. zillii. The estimated natural mortality rate was 1.44 for O. niloticus and 2.38 year-1 for the second species. The respective fishing mortality rates were 2.2 and 3.22 year-1, while their estimated exploitation rates were 0.60 and 0.57 year-1. The results indicated that, O. niloticus and T. zillii fisheries are overexploited. Therefore, it is recommended to decrease the fishing effort in the area of study and increase the mesh size of the inner layer of trammel nets to at least 3 cm mesh bar to secure profitable fisheries and optimum catch for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pollen record in a sediment core from Manzala lagoon on the Nile delta coastal margin of Egypt, deposited from ca. AD 1860 to 1990, indicates rapid coastal wetland vegetation responses to two primary periods of human activity. These are associated with artificially altered Nile hydrologic regimes in proximal areas and distal sectors located to ,1200 km south of Manzala. Freshwater wetland plants that were dominant, such as Typha and Phragmites, decreased rapidly, whereas in the early 1900s, brackish water wetland species (e.g., Amaranthaceae) increased. This change occurred after closure of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902. The second major modification in the pollen record occurred in the early 1970s, after Aswan High Dam closure from 1965 to 1970, when Typha pollen abundance increased rapidly. Massive population growth occurred along the Nile during the 130 years represented by the core section. During this time, the total volume of lagoon water decreased because of conversion of wetland areas to agricultural land, and input of organic-rich sediment, sewage (municipal, agricultural, industrial), and fertilizer in Manzala lagoon increased markedly. Although the wetland plant community has continued to respond to increasingly intensified and varied human-induced pressures in proximal sectors, the two most marked changes in Manzala pollen best correlate with distal events (i.e., closure of the two dams at Aswan). The study also shows that the two major vegetation changes in Manzala lagoon each occurred less than 10 years after closure upriver of the Low and High dams that markedly altered the Nile regime from Upper Egypt to the coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]