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8. Can We Predict the Financial Distress of Banks in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Author

Opoku, Samuel, Appiah, Kingsley Opoku, and Gyimah, Prince

Subjects
*LOAN loss reserves, *PANEL analysis, *BANK failures, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *CORPORATE governance
Abstract

This study investigates the predictors of financial distress of banks in Sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, we examine the relationship between bank financial distress and the 5Cs (i.e., Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition, and Collateral). We use logistic regression and panel data from 228 listed and non-listed Sub-Sahara Africa Banks over the period 2006 to 2016 to test the hypotheses. We find that the rating measures of capacity (cost to income), capital (leverage), and condition (loan loss reserves to gross loan and inflation) positively affect the financial distress of the banks in Sub-Saharan Africa. Control of corruption decreases the probability of financial distress; however, the collateral and character indicators do not predict the financial distress of the banks. This study adds to the debate on how Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition, and Collateral affect bank financial distress in Sub-Saharan Africa, a region with high bank insolvency but research remains scant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Corporate governance and corporate failure : evidence from listed UK firms

Author

Appiah, Kingsley O.

Subjects
658.4, Corporate governance, Board committees, Agency theory, Resource dependency theory, Board functions, United Kingdom
Abstract

This study is motivated by the numerous reforms to strengthen the efficacy of corporate boards and their oversight committees, in the wake of high profile corporate failures. The empirical question, however, is whether recent proposals would enhance board and their committee effectiveness and in this way, reduce the likelihood of firm`s failure. This study examines whether the composition, structure and functions of corporate boards and their interactions are related to the probability of corporate failure. Prior studies employ agency and resource dependency theories in isolation as theoretical lenses. This study, however, employs these aforementioned theories as theoretical lenses and argues that the board control and resource function affects the relationship between corporate board attributes and corporate failure. This study examines a sample of 358 UK listed firms, consisting of 95 failed firms and 263 non-failed firms during the period 1999-2011. This study also uses a unique hand-collected data set that measures the corporate governance attributes and functions of these 358 firms over a period of five years preceding failure or otherwise, resulting in 1748 firm-years observations. This study reveals that the probability of failure is lower in firms with large board size, former government officials, independent remuneration committee chairman and greater proportion of outside directors as well as effective audit and remuneration committees. This study also finds that the prospect of corporate failure is higher in firms with less than three independent NEDs on both the audit and nomination committees, without audit committee and where audit committee has no one with financial expertise. The results, however, suggest that the possibility of corporate failure is higher in firms whose boards have a female director and where the nomination committee meets often or where its membership is exclusively preserved for independent NEDs. On the interaction effects, the results show that frequency of board meetings as well as its interactions with presence of female directors, audit and remuneration committees effectiveness are positively related to the probability of corporate failure. The results also indicate that a number of interactions between corporate board attributes and functions are unrelated to the likelihood of corporate failure. These include the interactions between board composition measures (i.e. proportion of outside directors, presence of female directors and board size) and the board resource proxy (i.e. former government official). These associations, especially remuneration committee effectiveness, remuneration committee chairman independence, firm size and profitability, are not only statistically and economically significant but also robust to different specifications. Further, the Receiver Operating Curves indicate that the impact of corporate governance measures after controlling for firm size, liquidity, profitability, age, industry effects, and leverage is more profound in two years preceding failure. The implication of this is that corporate governance mechanisms alone are insufficient to rescue the firm on the verge of collapse. The findings are consistent with the idea that failing firms decline in size, managerial performance, corporate board attributes as well as their board`s ability to discharge it`s monitoring and resource roles. This study adds to the debate on the impact of corporate governance on corporate failure by developing, analysing and testing a robust UK corporate failure prediction model which is underpinned by a multi-theoretical framework: agency and resource dependency theories. This study also offers several recommendations for policy makers and firm-level corporate governance strategies in the mix of the numerous corporate governance reforms worldwide, this in particular makes this study unique.

Published
2013

15. Board meetings and bank performance in Africa

Author

Kyei, Simms Mensah, Werner, Katarzyna, Appiah, Kingsley Opoku, Kyei, Simms Mensah, Werner, Katarzyna, and Appiah, Kingsley Opoku

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between a board meeting and banks performance in Africa. This paper provides insight on this question after taking into account the endogeneity of the relationship between board meetings and performance. Specifically, we use the GMM technique and a sample of 635 banks from 48 countries in Africa between 2000 to 2016 to test our hypothesis and found that more board meetings, averagely 6, reduce banks’ performance in sub-Sahara Africa. In the Northern Africa context, with an average board meeting of 7.68, however, we document a positive and significant association between a board meeting and bank performance. Our result suggests that fewer board meeting enhances the shareholder value of Banks in Sub-Sahara Africa but not their counterparts in North Africa. Our paper provides insights to policymakers responsible for improving the governance mechanisms in African banks.

Published
2022

18. Age and frailty are independently associated with increased covid-19 mortality and increased care needs in survivors: results of an international multi-centre study

Author

Alsahab, Mustafa, Beishon, Lucy, Brown, Bryony, Burn, Elinor, Burton, Jenni K, Cox, Natalie, Dani, Melanie, Elhadi, Muhammed, Freshwater, Sarah, Gaunt, Victoria, Gordon, Adam, Goujon, Marie, Hale, Matthew, Hughes, Terry, Jackson, Thomas A, Jelley, Benjamin, Khan, Asma, Khiroya, Heena, Lal, Rajni, Madden, Katy, Magill, Laura, Masoli, Jane, Masud, Tahir, McCluskey, Lauren, McNeela, Natalie, Mohammedseid-Nurhussien, Awolkhier, Moorey, Hannah, Lochlainn, Mary Ni, Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah, Okoth, Kelvin, Osuafor, Christopher N, Patterson, Katherine, Pearson, Grace M E, Perry, Rita, Pettitt, Michala, Pigott, Jennifer, Pinkney, Thomas, Quinn, Terence, Reynolds, Abigail, Richardson, Sarah, Sanyal, Nik, Seed, Adam, Sleeman, Isobel, Soo, Chee, Steves, Claire, Strain, W David, Taylor, Joanne, Torsney, Kelli, Welch, Carly, Wilson, Daisy, Witham, Miles, Elazeem, Hossam Aldein S Abd, Abdelhafez, Mohammed H, Abdelmalak, Amir, Abdelwahab, Omar A, Abdulhadi, Osama M A S, Adewole, Olubayode, Ahmad, Mohammed, Ahmed, Eltayeb A, Ahmed, Hazem, Ahmed, Islam A, Akcay, Mertcan, Akdeniz, Yeşim, Akın, Emrah, Akladious, Carolyn, Alessandri, Francesco, Ali, Ali, Aljafari, Abdulmalek, Aljafari, Abdulmoiz, Al-Sadawi, Mohammed, Al-Sodani, Lobna, Altintoprak, Fatih, Amaratungaz, Gitanjali, Amer, Jocelyn, Amini, Sylvia, Amir, Taha, Anandarajah, Cheran, Anders, Rachael, Ansari, Muhammed H, Appiah, Kingsley, Atia, Jolene, Atkin, Catherine, Aujayeb, Avinash, Awad, Elsayed M, Azab, Mohammed A, Azam, Mohammad T, Aziz, Sally, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Babar, Laxmi, Babb, Laura, Badh, Manpreet, Baguneid, Clare, Bailey, Emily, Baili, Efstratia, Baldwin, Sarah, Baloyiannis, Ioannis, Bannerjee, Moulinath, Barnard, Anna, Barra, Fabio, Bashir, Hannah, Bawor, Monica, Bayhan, Zülfü, Belcher, James, Belgamwar, Ravindra, Bentley, Corrina, Birchenough, Amy, Bo, Yen Nee J, Boden, Hayley R, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad, Brachini, Gioia, Bremner, Laura, Bridgwater, Hannah, Bryant, Catherine, Budd, Gabrielle, Budd, Sharon, Budzikoski, Adam, Bulla, Reem, Buondonno, Antonio, Burden, Nicole, Butt, Hejab, Capoglu, Recayi, Caracostea, Andra, Cardoso, Rifa, Carr, Alexis, Carrasco-Prats, Milagros, Cattel, Caterina, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, Cecere, Giuseppe, Charalabopoulos, Alexandros, Charsley, Evelyn, Cheney-Lowe, Hannah, Chevallier, Theodore, Choudhry, Asad J, Ciccarone, Flavia, Cicerchia, Pierfranco M, Cirillo, Bruno, Collins, Fatma D, Comerford, Victoria, Cordie, Ahmed, Coulter, Siobhan, Coulthard, Nick, Cox, Catrin, Cox, Victoria, Crowe, Andrew, Cullen, Jack, Cummings, Jean, Cunningham, Niamh, Curley, Daniel, Currie, Hannah, Daly, Madeleine, Darley, Jay, Dattani, Nikhita, Davakis, Spyridon, Davies, Rowan, De Paola, Gilda, De Toma, Giorgio, Del Valle-Ruiz, Sergio, Deldar, Benyamin, Demir, Hakan, Desai, Arjun, Desai, Nirali, Devaney, Alice, Dew, Lindsey, Dhesi, Jugdeep, Dias, Maria, Dick, Gordon, Doddamani, Parveen, Dogra, Gurinder, Doll, Tina, Dooley, Hannah C, Dost, Samiullah, Dotchin, Catherine, Dowell, Hannah, Draghita, Ioan M, Dundas, James M, Duranti, Giulia, Dusara, Hiren, Dwivedi, Rajesh, Dyer, Adam H, Eastaugh, Alison, Edwards, Elinor, Elghazaly, Shrouk M, Elmehrath, Ahmed O, Elrick, Hope, El-Shazly, Mostafa, Emery, Alexander, Etchill, Eric W, Evans, Sarah, Evison, Felicity, Fairhead, Cassandra, Faulkner, Margherita, Felska, Agnieszka, Fernandez, Antia, Fernández-Fernández, Pedro V, Ferraiolo, Antonella, Ferrero, Simone, Fiori, Enrico, Firat, Necattin, Fisk, Gracie, Fleck, Anna, Fonsi, Giovanni B, Gabre-Kidan, Alodia, Gallo, Gaetano, Gandhi, Ratnam, Garner, Madeleine, Georgiou, Nikolaos, Gerretsen, Hannah, Ghannam, Nourhan A A, Ghobrial, Andrew, Ghobrial, Hedra, Ghufoor, Zaynub, Gibbon, Jake, Gilbert, Georgia F, Giles, Marie, Giménez-Francés, Clara, Gonullu, Emre, Gray, Amy, Gray, Joshua H, Green, Deirdre, Greene, Charlotte, Griffin, Ellanna, Griffith, Karla, Grubb, Anthony, Guan, Yue, Guerero, Daniel N, Gupta, Ayushi, Gustavino, Claudio, Guzman, Laurenny, Hadreiez, Ahmed K M, Hajiioannou, Jiannis, Hanji, Deevia, Madhavan, Deepthy Hari, Harmantepe, Tarık, Harrison, Patrick, Hart, Barbara, Haslam, Aidan, Haunton, Victoria, Haut, Elliott R, Heinsohn, Torben, Hennah, Lindsay, Hetta, Helal F, Hickman, Alexander, Hobill, Abigail, Hogan, Patrick C P, Hogan, Vesna, Holmes, Elizabeth, Honney, Katie, Hood, Katharine, Hopkinson, Katherine, Howells, Lara, Hrouda, Nicole, Hunsley, Danielle, Hurst, William, Hussein, Rand A, Ibrahim, Mohamed Eltaher A A, Ibtida, Ishmam, Ibukunoluwakitan, Aina, Ishlek, Irem, Iyer, Rishi, Jackson, Karl, Jackson, Rosie, James, Ellen, Jarvis, Hayley, Jeffs, Sophie, Jenko, Nathan, Jeyakumar, Sasha, Kabir, Shahriar, Kainth, Harjinder, Kalloo, Jason, Kanzaria, Akhil, Karapanou, Amalia, Kardaman, Nuha, Karthikeyan, Sandeep, Karunatilleke, Anne, Kelly, Mairead, Kelly, Nicola I, Khalid, Hesham, Khan, Haris, Khan, Muhammad S, King, Matthew, Kneen, Thomas, Kok, Li, Kratochwila, Chiara, Kuzeva, Aneliya, Lapolla, Pierfrancesco, Lau, Rebecca, Law, Kar Yee, Leadbetter, Aimee, Lee, Gabriel, Lee, Helena, Levinson, Gavriella, Lewis, Grace, Liakakos, Theodore, Lim, Stephen, Lis, Danielle, Livesey, Emma, López-Morales, Pedro, Lowes, Lily, Lunt, Eleanor, Lyon, Emily, Madan, Suvira, Majid, Zeinab, Malapati, Harsha, Man, Jade, Mandane, Baguiasri, Manning, Sarah H, Mantoglu, Baris, Martínez-Sanz, Nuria, Marx, William, Masood, Almontacer E B, Maughan, Tom, Mawhinney, Jamie, Maxfield, Dominic, Mayer, Jordan, Maynard, Henry, McDonald, Claire, McGovern, Aine, Mclachlan, Sophie, Medina-Manuel, Esther, Meneghini, Simona, Metcalf, Michelle, Millwood-Hargrave, John, Mingoli, Andrea, Miu, Kelvin, Mohamed, Fawsiya, Mohamed, Soha M, Hussein, Aliae A R Mohamed, Mohammad, Abdulkader, Mohammed, Aaliya, Momen, Ahmed A, Moomo, Farhana, Mora-Guzmán, Ismael, Moriarty, Lizzie, Morrin, Hamilton, Morris, Claire, Moss, Nicholas, Moustafa, Mohamed M, Mpoura, Maria, Mubin, Mohammed, Muhtaroglu, Ali, Muir, Georgina, Mulhern, Stephanie, Muller, Daniel, Murphy, Declan C, Muzammil, Bushra, Nadkarni, Varun, Nageh, Mariam Albatoul, NasrEldin, Yasmin K, Nawaz, Wasim, Nguyen, Hanna, Cheallaigh, Cliona Ni, Noar, Alexander, North, Samuel, Nwolu, Favour, O’Docherty, Alice, Odutola, Omoteniola, O’Dwyer, Sinead, Ogochukwu, Olebu, O’Mahony, Catherine, Orlando, Lia, Osterdahl, Marc, Page, Christina, Panayotidis, Ismini, Pancholi, Shivam, Parkin, Jessica, Passby, Lauren C, Pastor-Pérez, Patricia, Patel, Harnish, Patel, Shefali, Penfold, Rose, Perinpanathan, Rupini, Perivoliotis, Konstantinos, Perra, Teresa, Pinkney, Martha, Pinotti, Enrico, Porcu, Alberto, Price, Angeline, Pugliese, Francesco, Puri, Prabhleen, Pytraczyk, Sylvia, Qaiser, Yusra, Qurashi, Maria, Radenkovic, Dina, Rajeswaran, Thurkka, Rapaport, Sarah F, Razzak, Tahmina, Reilly, Lara, Reynolds, Paul, Richardson, Alexandra, Roberts, Amelia, Roberts-Rhodes, Charlotte, Robinson, Tanya, Rocca, Aldo, Ross-Skinner, Emily, Ruiz-Marín, Miguel, Ryall, Rebecca, Saad, Alshaimaa M, Saad, Mahmoud M, Sadiq, Ambreen, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sampanis, Michail A, Sanghvi, Hazel, Sapienza, Paolo, Sayers, Ross, Scott, Luca, Sen, Michael, Shaban, Mosab A A, Shakespeare, Kathleen T, Shaw, Ellie, Shaw, Hannah, Sheldrake, Jonathan, Sim, Sing Yang, Simonelli, Luigi, Sipsas, Nikolaos V, Sivam, Jarita, Sivarajan, Sri, Smith, Jennifer, Speranza, Fabio, Spice, Claire, Stafford, Amanda, Stambollouian, Katharine, Stevens, Kent A, Stewart, Jack, Stratton, Emma, Street, Hannah, Surtees, Michael, Swinnerton, Emma, Taher, Ahmed S A, Tait, Caroline, Taylor, Amybel, Thake, Miriam, Thin, Katie, Thould, Hannah, Thyn, Thyn, To, Benjaman, Tobiss, Hannah, Toppley, Kathryn, Townsend, Liam, Tullo, Ellen, Tzovaras, George, Umeadi, Anthony, Vaidya, Hrisheekesh, Valero-Soriano, María, Varden, Rosanna, Vergani, Vittoria, Vervoort, Dominique, Vescio, Giuseppina, Vettasseri, Mark, Virk, Madiha, Vyas, Vaishali, Wagland, Joanne, Wallis, Stephanie, Warner, Chloe, Watkins, Eleanor, Watson, Hannah, Webb, Rachael, Welsh, Sarah H, West, Ruth, Whelan, Elisha, Whitney, Julie, Whitsey, Mark, Wilcock, Catherine, Wilkinson, Iain, Williams, David, Williamson, Megan, Willott, Ruth H, Wimalasundera, Mettha, Win, Yu Lelt, Winter, Laura, Worrall, Stephanie, Wright, Rebecca, Yeo, Natalie, Yeung, Eirene, Yigit, Merve, Yildiz, Yasin A, Yusuf, Humza, Zambon, Martina, Zaw, Hein, and Elabedeen, Omar Zein

Subjects
Male, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Frail Elderly, COVID-19, delirium, frailty, mortality, transitions of care, Cohort Studies, AcademicSubjects/MED00280, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, medicine, Dementia, Humans, Survivors, Aged, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Hazard ratio, Odds ratio, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, frailty,COVID-19, Ageing, Delirium, Female, medicine.symptom, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Cohort study, Research Paper
Abstract

Introduction Increased mortality has been demonstrated in older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the effect of frailty has been unclear. Methods This multi-centre cohort study involved patients aged 18 years and older hospitalised with COVID-19, using routinely collected data. We used Cox regression analysis to assess the impact of age, frailty and delirium on the risk of inpatient mortality, adjusting for sex, illness severity, inflammation and co-morbidities. We used ordinal logistic regression analysis to assess the impact of age, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and delirium on risk of increased care requirements on discharge, adjusting for the same variables. Results Data from 5,711 patients from 55 hospitals in 12 countries were included (median age 74, interquartile range [IQR] 54–83; 55.2% male). The risk of death increased independently with increasing age (>80 versus 18–49: hazard ratio [HR] 3.57, confidence interval [CI] 2.54–5.02), frailty (CFS 8 versus 1–3: HR 3.03, CI 2.29–4.00) inflammation, renal disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer, but not delirium. Age, frailty (CFS 7 versus 1–3: odds ratio 7.00, CI 5.27–9.32), delirium, dementia and mental health diagnoses were all associated with increased risk of higher care needs on discharge. The likelihood of adverse outcomes increased across all grades of CFS from 4 to 9. Conclusion Age and frailty are independently associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19. Risk of increased care needs was also increased in survivors of COVID-19 with frailty or older age.

Published
2021

20. Induction of Fetal Hemoglobin By FTX6058, a Novel Small Molecule Development Candidate

Author

Rahl, Peter, primary, Efremov, Ivan, additional, Stuart, Billy, additional, Xie, Keqiang, additional, Roth, Mark, additional, Barnes, Richard, additional, Appiah, Kingsley, additional, Peters, David, additional, Li, Qingyi, additional, Kazmirski, Steven, additional, Bruno, Paul, additional, Stickland, Kim, additional, Ronco, Lucienne, additional, Cadavid, Diego, additional, Thompson, Lorin, additional, Wallace, Owen, additional, and Moxham, Christopher, additional

Published
2020
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25. The Role of Marketing Capabilities as a Resource-Based View on Organizational Performance

Author

Afriyie, Samuel, Du, Jianguo, Appiah, Kingsley, Afriyie, Samuel, Du, Jianguo, and Appiah, Kingsley

Abstract

This study seeks to review existing literature on the significance of Marketing Capabilities as Resource Based View and its relationship on organizational performances that is explaining the logical step from marketing capabilities to a positive Organizational Performance. Further exploration is studied to understand the Marketing Capabilities as a Resource based view and innovation capabilities deeper. Recommendation have been presented on the implications of marketing capabilities application of business operating in domestic and international markets.

Published
2018

27. Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from Ghanaian Firms

Author

Oppong-Boakye, Paul Kofi, Appiah, Kingsley Opoku, Afolabi, James Konadu, Oppong-Boakye, Paul Kofi, Appiah, Kingsley Opoku, and Afolabi, James Konadu

Abstract

This paper investigates the determinants of capital structure using dataset from 33 listed and non-listed companies during the period 2003 – 2007 in Ghana. A multiple regression analysis of pooled-cross sectional and time-series observations have been employed in the analysis. The results identify long-term debt to be irrelevant component of capital structure of large unquoted and quoted firms in Ghana as there is a greater reliance on equity. Furthermore, profitability, size, business risk and tangible assets have positive correlation with level of gearing of companies in Ghana. On the other hand, growth, and tax indicate a negative correlation with the level of gearing. Keywords: Capital structure, financing decisions, listed, non-listed, Ghana.

Published
2013

28. In VitroCharacterization of FTX6058, a Novel Small Molecule Fetal Hemoglobin Inducer for Sickle Cell Disease

Author

Stuart, Billy, Rahl, Peter, Appiah, Kingsley, Efremov, Ivan, Thompson, Lorin, Wallace, Owen, and Moxham, Christopher

Abstract

Red blood cell disorders like Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and β-thalassemias are caused by mutations within the gene for the hemoglobin β (HBβ) subunit. A fetal ortholog of HBβ, hemoglobin γ (HBγ) can prevent or reduce disease-related pathophysiology in these disorders by forming nonpathogenic complexes with the required hemoglobin α subunit. Globin expression is developmentally regulated, with a reduction in production of the fetal ortholog (γ) occurring shortly after birth and a concomitant increase in the levels of the adult ortholog (β). It has been postulated that maintaining expression of the anti-sickling γ ortholog may be of therapeutic benefit in children and adults with SCD. Indeed, individuals with the SCD mutation who also have genetic variants that maintain HBγ expression and the resulting fetal hemoglobin (HbF) tetramer at clinically meaningful levels do not present with SCD-related symptoms.

Published
2020
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29. Management research and the impact of COVID-19 on performance: a bibliometric review and suggestions for future research

Author

Appiah, Kingsley Opoku, Addai, Bismark, Ekuban, Wesley, Aidoo, Suzzie Owiredua, Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph, Appiah, Kingsley Opoku, Addai, Bismark, Ekuban, Wesley, Aidoo, Suzzie Owiredua, and Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph

Abstract

Although there has been a burgeoning scholarly interest in the effects of COVID-19, the current stream of research remains scattered in different business and management fields and domains. Accordingly, integrative knowledge is needed to drive poignant and relevant examinations of the phenomenon. This study attempts to fill this gap by providing a synthesis of the literature, patterns of research studies, and direction for further development of the field. This study also provides a systematic identification and bibliometric and thematic review of literature, performance analysis, science mapping, and cluster analysis. The study additionally provides suggestions for future research to guide relevant discourse.

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