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This paper investigates the effect of enterprise risk management (ERM) implementation on the cost of capital (cost of debt [Cd], cost of equity [Ce], and weighted average cost of capital [WACC]) for the oil and gas industry. The research is conducted using panel data analysis from 2008?2017 for 41 oil and gas companies publicly listed on the Bursa Malaysia. ERM implementation data is collected from company annual reports, while the cost of capital data is obtained from Thomson Reuters DataStream. The results indicate that an increase in the level of ERM implementation reduces the cost of capital, which we argue is one mechanism through which ERM increases firm value. Future research can use our investigation to delve deeper into ERM and value creation topics.

Higher education requires access to Information and communication technologies (ICT’s). This exposure and access to ICT, coupled with the excessive usage of social media, has augmented the problem of cyberbullying among university students. Previous studies have investigated cyberbullying among school students while overlooking university students, who are actually more engaged in cyberbullying perpetration. In view of the gravity of the situation and its impact on the wellbeing of the university students, this study aims to understand the role of personal and psychological factors dragging Malaysian undergraduate students of public and private universities towards cyberbullying behaviour. In order to develop the framework, the study has utilized the ‘Theory of planned behavior’ and ‘Social Cognitive Theory’. The study is based on a quantitative research approach and employs a self-administered survey to collect data. The data has been analyzed through the Structured Equation Modeling (SEM) technique using SmartPLS. The results reveal that individual factors including cyberbullying awareness and personality traits are not associated with Malaysian undergraduate students’ cyberbullying behaviour. However, psychological factors, including self-esteem, internalizing behavior, and anti-social behavior, play an instrumental role in developing Malaysian undergraduate students’ cyberbullying attitude. The study also confirms that subjective norms assert a powerful positive impact on cyberbullying attitude of Malaysian undergraduates. Lastly, the study aims to contribute to the research on cyberbullying behavior by offering a conceptual validated model that predicts Malaysian university students’ cyberbullying behavior. This study also found that social media usage plays moderating role between cyberbullying intention and cyberbullying behavior. Parents, universities, and governments will benefit from this study by understanding factors to be considered when making a policy to reduce cyberbullying among university students.

The main purpose of this study is to find the factors affecting value co-creation behavior. This study also aimed to find the mediating role of customer co-creation attitude on the relationship between factors and value co-creation behavior. The target population selected for this study was the northern areas of Pakistan. The sample size of this study was (n=480) respondents. The data were collected at three different time's intervals, i.e. at the time, 1, independent variables data were collected at time 2 mediating variable was collected, and at time 3 dependent variable data was collected. This study results revealed that all factors have a positive and significant effect on customer value co-creation behavior. The results revealed that customer co-creation attitude has a positive and significant mediating role between factors and customer value co-creation behavior. The results of this study will open a new avenue in the tourism sector and as well for scholars and practitioners.

In the context of non-fuel retailing, the goal of this study is to find out what motivates frontline employees to participate in value cocreation activities with consumers. According to this study, frontline employees participate in value cocreation activities to attain the expected or perceived value they desire. Through the conduction of six interviews in Malaysia's automotive sector, this study used an exploratory technique to investigate the underlying characteristics of frontline employees' motives. Semi structured interviews were done with the use of a topic guide, but the researchers were not confined in their frame of reference, allowing them to explore for clarification and confirmation. The results of the interviews were examined using an idiographic technique and then compared using cross-case analysis. Professional identity, financial benefits, career progression opportunities, and workplace recognition are all motivators for frontline employees to cocreate value. Due to variances in the employees' past expectations, these reasons may change across different service situations. Managers may begin measuring and managing service interactions between frontline personnel and customers by understanding their motives to cocreate value.

Reporting is a method for businesses to communicate with their various stakeholders. While the factors contributing to sustainability reporting and disclosure have been thoroughly investigated, the findings are inconclusive. Similarly, the non-financial reporting literature is disclosed of operational and non-operational activities related to ecological as well as social disclosure of firm. However, in recent years, stakeholders have increased their demand for green innovation practices (GIPs) to be included as a new component of ecological reporting. Thus, companies' proactivity in adopting green innovation reporting is reflected (GIR). This research propounds enhancing transparency in sustainability reporting by including corporations' GIPs, which will increase the transparency level of firm operations and instil greater stakeholder confidence. To accomplish this study, the legitimacy and signalling theories were used as an environmental solution. Additionally, an exhaustive assessment of the literature was conducted in order to develop a GIR framework for enterprises to use when integrating GIPs into sustainability reporting. The outcome of this study indicates that current sustainability reporting takes a minimalist approach, with GIR being presented superficially. This non-financial reporting approach does not accurately reflect a company's genuine GIPs or the environmental effect of existing business operations. As such, this study calls for the integration of GIR into firms' sustainability reporting to accurately reflect their actual firm sustainable practices.

Purpose In the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, organizations now are expected to serve customers who are highly conscious of safety and sanitation. Among others, the hospitality industry is significantly and negatively influenced by this pandemic. Given the unique characteristics of services, using advanced technology is not enough to create a memorable experience without physical interaction between service providers and customers. Thus, this study aims to define the “new normal” for service customers and to explore the “new service design” for the hotel industry. Design/methodology/approach As most of the Southeast Asian countries heavily rely on the tourism industry, this study focuses on one of the emerging tourism destinations in this region, Malaysia. The data is collected through in-depth interviews with 17 potential national and international tourists. Findings The results suggest that considering the “new normal” for customers, there is an immediate need for the hotel industry to revamp their service design by mainly practicing disinfection and sanitation activities, re-designing overall infrastructure and introducing promotional offers. Originality/value This study is novel in its kind as it provides useful guidelines for both practitioners and academicians/researchers. Under this crucial time, very few research is conducted specifically focusing on the hotel industry and tourists’ behaviors amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The study will provide in-depth knowledge about tourists’ expectations from the hotel services, especially in their own voices.

Software development is a cooperative process, which relies upon the integration of knowledge spread across various domains. The shift from the industrial economy toward a decentralized knowledge-based economy has given knowledge more value and importance for organizations, which operate globally. Management of knowledge sharing activities becomes challenging and complex, specifically when operating in a globally distributed organization. The impact of “personal factors” and “environmental factors” on software developers with regard to knowledge sharing behavior in global software development organizations is an important subject, which is still not well discussed. The social cognitive theory has been utilized in the formation of the conceptual model with a focus on knowledge sharing behavior. This paper examines the impact of key factors, including “time zone difference,” “geographic distance,” “linguistic distance,” “trust,” “motivation,” and “social interaction” on knowledge sharing behavior. Self-administrative postal and online questionnaire were used as the medium of data collection. It was found that “social interaction” had the strongest impact on knowledge sharing behavior.

The purpose of this research is to develop a scale for measuring customer value co-creation attitude (CVCCA).,Scale development procedures are used for item generation, item purification and validation. Two studies are conducted. In Study 1, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis is used to generate and confirm the factorial structure of the CVCCA construct. Study 2 validates the scale on a large field sample.,The study develops a new scale for measuring CVCCA. Results suggest that CVCCA is a higher-order construct comprising three dimensions: interaction attitude, knowledge sharing attitude and responsive attitude. Additionally, experiential value significantly predicts CVCCA, which subsequently leads to customer value co-creation behaviour confirming nomological validity of the scale.,The CVCCA scale should be of interest for researchers in exploring factors and outcomes of CVCCA. The scale is useful to managers who are interested in measuring their customers’ co-creation of value attitude and their willingness to engage in value co-creation behaviour.,This is the first scale using the service logic of marketing lens. The scale is found to be a valid and reliable tool to measure customer attitude to engage in value co-creation.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of corporate brand experience (CBE) on customer value co-creation attitude and behaviour (CVCCA and CVCCB). By integrating congruity theory with the theory of reasoned action, the study proposes an integrated model for developing CVCCB in a retailing context.Design/methodology/approach– Structural Equation Modelling, using AMOS software was conducted using a sample of 711 respondents from four hypermarkets located in five Malaysian states.Findings– The research findings indicate that CBE plays a significant role for developing customer attitude and behaviour of value co-creation activities. Results show that CBE has a strong positive influence on CVCCA and subjective norms (SN) which further lead to CVCCB. SN were found to be a partial mediator between CBE and CVCCA. CVCCA was found to be a partial mediator between SN and CVCCB. Full mediation of CVCCA and SN between CBE and CVCCB is confirmed.Originality/value– The research contributes to value co-creation literature by proposing an integrated model for developing CVCCB in retailing. This research opens avenues for future research to consider the importance of brand experiences in value co-creation practices.

This article studies the DART model and its importance in developing actors value co-creation attitude and behavior within the firms’ micro-level ecosystem. Fifteen propositions are proposed based on the literature from service-dominant logic perspective. Two major contributions are made. First, the article provides the importance and need of co-creation between the actors such as frontline employees with internal service providers in firms’ micro-level ecosystem. Second, it highlights the dialogue, access, risk and transparency as important factors that can develop actors’ attitude towards engagement in co-creation which subsequently lead to actors’ actual engagement in co-creation. The article is conceptual and needs empirical validation.

The objective of this research is two fold. First is to determine the impact of brand experience, brand trust and affective commitment on purchase intentions. Second is to ascertain the mediating role of brand love in the relationships of purchase intentions and word-of-mouth. The data was obtained from 265 cell phone customers from Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Simple random sampling technique was used for the collection of data and the data was analyzed in SPSS 15.0 where correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results indicate that brand experience, brand trust and affective commitment have significant positive impacts on purchase intentions. In this relationship, the intensity of the impact of affective commitment is quite high as compared to other variables. Other results revealed that purchase intentions significantly predict brand love and word-of-mouth, and brand love also significantly predicts word-of-mouth. And finally, brand love has partial mediation affect in the relationship of purchase intentions and word-of-mouth.