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This paper analyzes the effects on flight frequency of two alliances that came about in the Russian airline market in recent years: between Aeroflot and SkyTeam in 2006, and between S7 and oneworld in 2010. We use a difference-in-differences (DID) model to identify the effects of these alliances on flight frequencies. The integration of S7 into oneworld provides evidence that the alliance resulted in reduced flight frequencies on routes where S7 overlapped with its new partners, but that it resulted in increased frequencies on routes where there was no overlap, especially in the case of so-called thin routes. Regarding the integration of Aeroflot into SkyTeam, we find that the alliance led to increased flight frequencies on routes where Aeroflot and its new partners had previously been competing. The fact that Aeroflot is a state-owned airline with a strong position in the Russian market might explain this expansion after the alliance. We also find that the alliance increased the frequencies on thin routes where there was no overlap.

Treballs Finals del Màster d'Economia, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2019-2020, Tutor: Xavier Fageda, Joan Calzada, This paper examines the impact of airline alliances on supply in the Russian aviation market. We use the difference-in-differences model to analyze the causal relationship between being a member of the alliance community agreements, and the number of seats and flight frequency offered at the route level. Furthermore, this paper is aimed to find out differences between private-owned and public-owned firms performances in the alliance. Using data on the international flights from European to Russian cities corresponding to the period 2002-2019, theoretical explanations on changes in number of seats are empirically tested. Our results show that the traffic growth is concentrated in dense routes. We also find that the positive impact of alliances is centered on a private S7 Airlines, while we do not find a positive effect for Aeroflot, a state-owned airline that is the largest operator in Russia.

This paper develops a unified framework to analyze a continuum of hybrid cooperation agreements along two dimensions: their degree of revenue sharing (scope of alliances) and their degree of cost sharing (scope of joint ventures). The analysis focuses on the air transportation industry, distinguishing between interline and interhub markets. As economies of traffic density become stronger, we find that the socially optimal cooperation agreement moves from full alliance to joint venture in interline markets, whereas it moves from joint ventureto merger in interhub markets. These results are driven by the tradeoff between a procompetitive effect of alliances in interline markets and an anticompetitive effect in interhub markets, along with the efficiency gains associated with joint ventures in interhub markets. We also develop an empirical application for intercontinental routes for the period 2010–2016 that identifies a positive impact of deeper degrees of airline cooperation (revenue and cost sharing) on traffic, both in interline and interhub markets. Therefore, the potential anticompetitive effect of deeper alliances in interhub markets is not observed in our sample.

This article examines first of all two aspects of the increasing role of history in international business: history as a source of research methods and history as an underpinning for international business theory. Second, the authors present key themes related to international business in Southern Europe in the last two centuries, as analyzed in the other articles of the special issue devoted to this theme in this special issue of the Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business.

We analyze the effect of research joint ventures (RJVs) on consumer welfare in an international context when collusion can occur. The main novelty of our analysis is to study the differentiated effect of domestic and international RJVs. The recent literature shows that RJVs with collusion harm consumers. However, our results introduce a qualifi cation to this statement: international RJVs with collusion might be bene ficial for consumers when internationalization costs are high. The EU and US competition policy advises against RJVs that facilitate collusion on the grounds of their expected negative effects. Our results suggest that antitrust authorities should distinguish between domestic and international RJVs and, in certain cases, be more benevolent with international RJVs. Keywords: collusion; domestic research joint venture; international research joint venture JEL Classi fication Numbers: K21, L24, L44, O32

[ANGLÈS] This is creating a group of companies in the sector of specialized snuff distribution and marketing [CASTELLÀ] Se trata de la creación de un grupo de empresas en el sector del tabaco especializadas en distribución y comercialización [CATALÀ] Es tracta de la creació d'un grup d'empreses en el sector del tabac especialitzades en distribució i comercialització

En l’article es fa una revisió actual de les unions temporals d’empreses (UTE), per tal de veure si la informació comptable que presenten és fidedigne. En primer lloc, es defineix la unió temporal d’empreses, i es detalla l’origen històric, les característiques i els objectius de l’UTE. Seguidament es presenta la regulació comptable i fiscal que afecta a les UTE, i es detalla el que pauta l’adaptació del Pla general comptable de les empreses constructores en relació amb les UTE i la problemàtica derivada de les operacions en empreses d’aquest sector que tantes UTE realitzen. També es ressalta en l’article la responsabilitat de l’UTE i les Normes comptables internacionals relacionades amb les UTE. Finalment es presenten els resultats d’una anàlisi d’estats financers de trenta empreses constructores que habitualment realitzen UTE, per comprovar el seguiment que fan de l’adaptació sectorial del Pla general comptable de les empreses constructores i la informació que donen de les UTE. L’última part de l’article fa referència a les conclusions, i és en aquesta part on s’apunta que la informació comptable de les UTE ha de millorar notablement, ja que actualment és una informació poc transparent, insuficient i dispersa., This paper presents an updated revision of joint ventures in order to examine if they present a true and fair view of accounting information. Firstly, the term joint venture is defined and its historical background, characteristics and aims are indicated. Secondly, the accounting and financial regulations which have an effect on joint ventures, as well as the accounting framework of joint ventures included in the sectorial adaptation of construction firms and their follow-up, are presented. The document also highlights the problem of responsibility in joint ventures and the international accounting standards related to them. Finally, the results of a study of the financial statements of thirty construction firms that usually set up joint ventures are presented in order to test the follow-up of the sectorial adaptation and the information given about them. The last part of this paper refers to the conclusions, highlighting that the accounting information of joint ventures should improve considerably, given that at present this information is not very transparent. It is, in fact, insufficient and scattered, Este artículo realiza una revisión actual de las uniones temporales de empresas (UTE), para valorar si presentan una fiel información contable. En primer lugar se define la unión temporal de empresas, y se detalla el origen histórico, las características y los objetivos de la UTE. Seguidamente se presenta la regulación contable y fiscal que afecta a las UTE, y se especifica el marco contable de las UTE contenido en la adaptación sectorial de las empresas constructoras y su seguimiento. El documento también resalta la problemática de la responsabilidad en las UTE y las normas contables internacionales relacionadas con las UTE. Finalmente se presentan los resultados de un análisis de los estados financieros de treinta empresas constructoras que habitualmente realizan UTE, para comprobar el seguimiento de la adaptación sectorial y la información que se detalla de las UTE. La última parte del artículo hace referencia a las conclusiones, destacando que la información contable de las UTE debe mejorar notablemente, ya que actualmente es una información poco transparente, insuficiente y dispersa.

According with Peter Buckley, Business history provides sources of testing for international business theory such as internalisation theory; the eclectic paradigm; the Uppasla internationalization process model; the evolutionary theory of the firm; and the resource-based view of the firm. For its part, Mira Wilkins has highlighted that an important contribution of business historians is to instil a recognition of complexity business enterprises as they emerge and mature, as managers and managerial directions change, and as the environment in which managers operate takes on different characteristics. As Julian Birkinshaw explains, in doing so MNEs can be used as the primary unit of analysis, considering that the MNE subsidiary has its own strategy and make effective use of its far-flung network. By using a Business History approach, the aim of this article is to study how Renault entered in Spain, Italy and Portugal, and how it has evolved its presence through time. This article shows that the development path of Renault subsidiaries in Southern Europe not only it has been determined in the headquarters of the MNEs, but also in subsidiaries own development of its organizational capabilities.

El artículo analiza el proceso Euromediterráneo a lo largo de sus diferentes etapas, poniendo énfasis en los aspectos comerciales de la política de servicios desde su lanzamiento en 1995 como Proceso de Barcelona. Con la finalidad de crear una verdadera Zona de Libre Comercio Euromediterránea, se revisan los Acuerdos de Asociación y de libre comercio entre la UE (Unión Europea) y los PTM (Países Terceros Mediterráneos). El objetivo de establecer una diagnosis de la Zona Euromediterránea de Libre Comercio y realizar una valoración de lo que se ha avanzado de manera sistemática en esa dirección. Como conclusión observamos que a largo plazo el objetivo es lograr una verdadera Zona de Libre Comercio Euromediterránea «amplia y profunda» que cubra las barreras arancelarias y las no arancelarias.