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Background: The number of immigrant children admitted to public sector healthcare facilities is increasing. However, comparatively few studies investigated its effects on health systems, especially in the orthopedics discipline. This research investigates if there is a significant difference in admission to orthopedics and traumatology outpatient clinics (O&T) between immigrants and local children. Materials and Methods: Immigrant (IP) and local patients (LP) under 18 admitted to the O&T of a tertiary hospital between 2019-2021 were included in this retrospective study. Demographic data of patients, number of admission in a year, place of admission, the reason for admission, treatment method, radiological imaging, and diagnoses (soft tissue trauma (STT), developmental hip dysplasia (DDH), etc.) were evaluated for both groups. Results: 1009 patients were included (n=481 LP, n=528 IP). The number of admissions was higher in IP between 1 and 2 years (p=0.02). The consultations of IP from the emergency department and other departments were statistically higher than those of LP (p

Aims: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common multifactorial pediatric disease. Physical examination and ultrasonographic findings are used in the screening. The severity of DDH in 0-6 month-old infants is determined by Graf classification. The severity of DDH and the age of the patient before treatment have been shown to be among the main factors determining the success rate. Socio-economic conditions of the parents also affects the success rate of Pavlik harness treatment. In this study, socio-economic and socio-cultural factors that affect the treatment success of Pavlik harness method were aimed to be determined. Methods: The study was carried out on 66 infants with DDH between the ages of 0-6 months who admitted to the orthopedics and traumatology outpatient clinic between 2018-2020. Interviews were conducted with the families of the infants using the questionnaire technique. Results: All of the patients were given care by their mothers. It has been observed that there is a relationship between the education level and the success of the Pavlik harness. Also, income level of the household and living in rural and urban areas are also associated with Pavlik bandage treatment. Conclusion: Education level, place of residence and monthly income, which are effective on health literacy, have an impact on the skill level required for Pavlik harness usage.

Amaç: Tırnak batması ileri evrelerde cerrahi tedavi gerektiren önemli bir ayak problemidir. Te-davi için birçok cerrahi yöntem bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ileri evre ayak tırnakları batık hastalarda matriksektomi yapılmadan batık ayak tırnağı ameliyatının sonuçlarını değerlendirmek-tir.Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya 22 hasta dahil edildi. Tüm hastalara cerrahi öncesi ve sonrasında ayakkabı giyebildiklerinde görsel analog skala (ağrı / memnuniyet) uygulandı ve hastaların ra-hatsızlık duymadan ayakkabı giyme zamanlaması sorgulandı.Bulgular: Preoperatif VAS (ağrı) skoru ayakkabı giyebildikten sonra 8.2 ± 1.1'den 2.4 ± 1.2'ye anlamlı olarak düzeldi (p

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. The aim of this study is to present the results of the patients we treated with the diagnosis of EMC as an oncology reference center.Information on 13 patients diagnosed with EMC between 2006 and 2018 was retrospectively reviewed. Patients' demographic information, tumor sizes, surgical treatments, chemotherapy and radiotherapy statuses, follow-up times, recurrences, and metastases were recorded.Mean patient age was 53.6 ± 15 years (range: 28-73). In 8 patients, the tumor was located in the lower limbs, most commonly in the thigh (46.2%). Mean follow-up period was 52.8 ± 19.9 (24-96) months. All patients underwent wide resections and only one had a positive surgical margin. In follow-up, 5 (38.5%) patients experienced recurrence; 6 patients had lung metastasis (46.2%) and 7 patients (53.8%) died. Mean tumor size was 10.4 ± 3.2 (5-17) cm. Median survival time was 61 (50.5-71.4) months and 5-year survival rate was 51.8%. There was no significant difference between survival times according to age, gender, side, limb location, postoperative radiotherapy, recurrence, or presence of lung metastasis. The cut-off value for death obtained by ROC analysis of tumor size was 11 cm.EMC is a rare soft tissue sarcoma with high local recurrence and metastasis capacity. Tumor size and metastatic disease are poor prognostic criteria. If it is a localized disease, the first option should be wide resection.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of preoperative conservative treatment on the success of high-grade bursal/articular-sided partial rotator cuff repair. METHODS: Patients who had undergone shoulder arthroscopy in institution for Ellman Stage 3 bursal-side or articular-side partial tears between January 2008 and April 2018 were investigated retrospectively. This study assessed 201 patients diagnosed with isolated partial rotator cuff tears with a history of failed conservative management and persistent shoulder pain who underwent arthroscopic surgery. The demographic data of patients and pre- and postoperative The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Scores (ASES) that were recorded in the archive were evaluated. RESULTS: While 55 of the patients with Ellman grade 3 bursal-sided partial tears received preoperative conservative management for at least 6 months (Group 1), 62 of them could not tolerate conservative management and early arthroscopic repair was performed (Group 2). On the other hand, 42 of the patients with Ellman grade 3 articular-sided tears received preoperative conservative management (Group 3), 42 of them could not tolerate preoperative conservative management (Group 4). The mean ASES score improvement was 52.33 ± 8.55 for Group 1, 54.68 ± 11.29 for Group 2, 48.4 ± 7.77 for Group 3 and 49.33 ± 10.05 for Group 4. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups with one-way ANOVA test (p = 0.05). With the Tukey test, this difference was seen to be caused by Group 2. CONCLUSION: Although there are many factors affecting its success, conservative management should be the first option in the treatment of partial rotator cuff tears. However, we think that it should not be insisted especially in patients with bursal-sided tears (> 50% of the tendon thickness) that cannot tolerate conservative management due to severe pain since the results of early arthroscopic repair of bursal-sided tears were found to be better. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective comparative study, Level III.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of Ludloff medial open reduction surgery in patients with the developmental of hip dysplasia, younger than 18 months old.Methods: The radiological and clinical results of 35 patients (49 hips), younger than 18 months of age treated with Ludloff medial approach due to DDH between the years 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Preoperative, final control acetabular index angles and medial apertures were measured according to the McCay criteria, Tönnis classification, Kalamchi-MacEwen classification, IHDI classification and Severin classification were analysed.Results: At the last control, the youngest age was 27 months, the oldest was 88 months and the mean age was 43.90 ± 14.17 months. The follow-up period was performed at a minimum age of 12 months, a maximum age of 72 months, and the mean follow-up period was 24.81 ± 17.17 months. According to the Tönnis classification, 40 hips were Tönnis classification type 1 (81.63%), 4 hips were Type 2 (8.16%), 3 hips were Type 3 (6.12%) and 2 hips were Type 4 (4.08%) in the follow-up visit. According to McCay clinical evaluation criteria, 38 hips (79.59%) were grade 1 which equates to excellent results. Grade 0 (no necrosis) was detected in 38 (77.55%) of 49 hips according to the Kalamchi and MacEwen AVN clinical evaluation criteria. According to the Severin classification, type 1 results were observed in 32 (65.31%) of 49 hips, type 2 in 9 hips (18.37%), type 3 in 1 hip (2.04%) and type 4 in 7 hips (14.29%). The mean CE angle was found to be 18.56 ± 9.93. Additional surgical intervention was required in 8 hips of 6 patients.Conclusion: Clinically and radiologically satisfactory results were obtained in DDH patients with Ludloff medial open reduction technique, below the age of 18 months., Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, 18 aylıktan küçük, gelişimsel kalça displazisi olan hastalarda Ludloff medial açık redüksiyon cerrahisinin klinik ve radyolojik sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: 2013-2020 yılları arasında GKD nedeniyle Ludloff medial yaklaşımı ile tedavi edilen 18 aylıktan küçük 35 hastanın (49 kalça) radyolojik ve klinik sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Ameliyat öncesi, son kontrol asetabular indeks açıları ve medial açıklıklar McCay kriterlerine göre ölçüldü, Tonnis sınıflaması, Kalamchi-MacEwen sınıflaması, IHDI sınıflaması ve Severin sınıflaması analiz edildi.Bulgular: Son kontrolde en genç 27 ay, en yaşlı 88 ay ve ortalama yaş 43.90 ± 14.17 ay idi. Takip süresi minimum 12 ay, maksimum yaş 72 ay ve ortalama takip süresi 24.81 ± 17.17 ay idi. Tönnis sınıflamasına göre 40 kalça Tönnis sınıflama tip 1 (%81,63), 4 kalça Tip 2 (%8,16), 3 kalça Tip 3 (%6,12) ve 2 kalça Tip 4 (%4,08) idi. McCay klinik değerlendirme kriterlerine göre 38 kalça (%79.59) derece 1 idi ve bu da mükemmel sonuçlara tekabül ediyordu. Kalamchi ve MacEwen AVN klinik değerlendirme kriterlerine göre 49 kalçanın 38'inde (%77,55) derece 0 (nekroz yok) saptandı. Severin sınıflamasına göre; 49 kalçanın 32'sinde (%65.31) tip 1, 9 kalçada tip 2 (%18.37), 1 kalçada tip 3 (%2.04) ve 7 kalçada tip 4 (%14.29) tespit edildi. Ortalama CE açısı 18,56 ± 9,93 olarak bulundu. 6 hastanın 8 kalçasına ek cerrahi müdahale gerekti.Sonuç: Ludloff medial açık redüksiyon tekniği ile 18 aydan küçük GKD hastalarında klinik ve radyolojik olarak tatmin edici sonuçlar elde edildi.

Background: We aimed to investigate the use of serum prolidase activity as a treatment and follow-up parameter by following the oxidative and nonoxidative status of serum prolidase activity during the treatment process of patients with developmental hip dysplasia (DDH).Materials and Methods: This prospective study includes two groups of 30 babies with DDH between 0-6 months and 30 healthy babies between 0-6 months. Blood samples were taken 3 times from the babies in the patient group and once from the babies in the control group. Total antioxidant stress (TAS), total oxidative stress (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and prolidase enzyme activity were measured in these blood samples. The results were compared each others.Results: TOS, OSI and serum prolidase levels were found to be significantly higher in the babies in the patient group compared to the control group. TAS level was found to be lower than the control group. After 6 weeks of pavilic harness treatment applied to the patients group, an improvement was observed in the TAS, TOS, OSI and serum prolidase levels of the patients group, Statistically, they got closer each other.Conclusion: It was concluded that increased TOS and OSI levels cause oxidative stress in the context of this disease and increased prolidase activity causes increased collagen metabolism as seen in degenerative diseases. We can say that serum prolidase activity and oxidative-nonoxidative status parameters can be helpful tools in the evaluation of DDH severity and follow-up of treatment.Key Words: Developmental dysplasia of the hip, Prolidase enzyme activity, Total antioxidant stress, Total oxidative stress, Oxidative stress index., Amaç: Gelişimsel kalça displazili (GKD) hastaların tedavi sürecinde serum prolidaz aktivitesinin oksidatif-nonoksidatif durumlarda takip edilerek, tedavi ve takip parametresi olarak serum prolidaz aktivitesinin kullanımını araştırmayı amaçladık.Materyal ve metod: Prospektif olarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma, 0-6 ay arasındaki 30 GKD’li bebek ve 0-6 ay arasındaki 30 sağlıklı bebekten oluşan iki grubu içermektedir. Hasta grubunda yer alan bebeklerden 3 kez, kontrol grubundaki bebeklerden 1 kez olmak üzere kan örnekleri alındı. Bu kanlarda total antioksidan stres (TAS), total oksidatif stres (TOS), oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) ve prolidaz enzim aktvitesine bakıldı. SPSS (Sosyal Bilimler İçin İstatistiksel Paket) 21 programı ile analiz edilerek elde edilen sonuçların kendi aralarında farklılıkları olup olmadığını araştırıldı.Bulgular: Tedaviye başlamadan önce hasta ve sağlıklı bebeklerden alınan kanlarda bakılan TOS, OSI ve serum prolidaz seviyelerinin kontrol grubundaki bebeklere kıyasla hasta grubunda yer alan bebeklerde anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. TAS seviyesinin ise kontrol grubuna oranla düşük olduğu tespit edildi. Hasta bebeklere uygulanan 6 haftalık pavlik bandaj tedavisinin ardından hasta bebeklerin TAS, TOS, OSI ve serum prolidaz seviyelerinde istatistiksel olarak kontrol grubu ile uyumlu olacak şekilde düzelme gözlemlendi.Sonuç: Artan TOS ve OSI seviyelerinin bu hastalık bağlamında oksidatif strese neden olduğu ve dejeneratif hastalıklarda görüldüğü gibi artmış prolidaz aktivitesinin artmış kolajen metabolizmasına neden olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. GKD şiddetini değerlendirmede ve tedavinin takibinde serum prolidaz aktivitesi ve oksidatif-nonoksidatif durum parametrelerinin yardımcı birer araç olabileceğini söyleyebiliriz.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı izole subskapularis yırtıklarında etiyolojik bir faktör olan subkorakoid sıkışmada korakoid taşmanın bir risk faktörü olarak geçerliliğini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Omuz artroskopisi uygulanan hastalardan izole subskapularis ve izole tam kat supraspinatus yırtıklı hastalar randomize olarak seçilerek iki grup oluşturuldu. Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ve ameliyat videoları retrospektif olarak tekrar incelenerek T1 aksiyel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme kesitlerinde korakoid taşma miktarı ve korakoid taşma/humerus başı çapı oranı hesaplandı ve ortalamaları karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmada her iki grupta 28’er hasta olmak üzere toplam 56 hasta vardı. Hastaların yaş ortalamaları Grup 1 ve 2’de sırasıyla 48.71±9.66 ve 64.85±6.1 olarak bulundu. Cinsiyet ve ameliyat olan taraf bakımından fark yoktu. Ortalama korakoid taşma değerleri Grup 1 ve 2’de sırasıyla 16.08±5.6 ve 14.65±5.92, korakoid taşma/humerus başı çapı oranı ise 0.33±0.11 ve 0.29±0.11 bulundu. Ortalama korakoid taşma ve korakoid taşma/humerus başı çapı değerleri bakımından iki grup arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı.Sonuç: Korakoid taşma ile subkorakoid sıkışma arasında istatistiksel olarak gerçek anlamda bir ilişki yoktur. Subskapularis yırtıklarında varlığı hala tartışmalı olan subkorakoid sıkışmaya bu çalışma ile de kanıt bulunamamıştır.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the superior capsule tear patterns and synovitis with subacromial pathologies, such as bursal-sided rotator cuff tear and subacromial impingement syndrome. Methods: Fifty patients who underwent arthroscopic treatment for isolated bursal-sided tear were included in the study. Fifty more patients who underwent arthroscopic treatment for isolated Superior Labrum Anterior Posterior (SLAP) 2 lesion without pathology in the rotator cuff were included in the control group. Firstly, superior capsule tear and common synovitis on the rotator cable were assessed during glenohumeral joint examination. Coracoacromial Ligament (CAL) degeneration grading was performed according to the Royal Berkshire Hospital classification. Bursal-sided partial tear grading was done using Ellman classification. Whether or not there was a relationship between synovitis, classic capsule tear, plus reverse flap capsule tear, and partial bursal-sided tear existence. Results: There were 21 patients with reverse flap capsule tear in the study group and 3 patients in the control group. In addition, there were 13 patients with synovitis in the study group and 4 in the control group. Compared to the control group, there was also a significant positive correlation in the presence of both synovitis and reverse flap capsule tear with the presence of bursal-sided tear in the study group ( p = 0.000). There was, however, no significant difference between the presence of classical capsule tear and the presence of bursal-sided tear ( p = 0.485). Conclusion: This study shows that the presence of reverse flap capsule tear and synovitis was associated with partial bursal-sided tears. Therefore, if the reverse flap capsule tear or synovitis is detected in the superior capsule, the rotator cuff should be evaluated in more detail during subacromial bursoscopy in order not to miss a bursal-sided partial cuff tear.

A 68-year-old female patient admitted to our clinic with right anterior thigh pain ongoing for six months and which increased in last two months. The patient had no trauma history. The patient had been followed-up for 15 years because of osteoporosis and administrated alendronate and ibandronate treatment for 10 years. Patient had three shots of zoledronate once a year during the last three years. Her pain was increasing when she was walking. Physical examination revealed pain in her right thigh. Radiogram showed thickened lateral cortex of the subtrochanteric area. Magnetic resonance imaging also showed thickening and edema of the same area. These images were correlated with atypical fracture in right femoral subthrochanteric zone. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry revealed that T score was -3.3 in lumbar region and -2.5 in femoral neck. Zoledronate treatment was ended. Prophylactic surgical fixation was performed with titanium elastic nails.

WOS:000475356700008, PubMed ID: 31291858, Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of simultaneous coracoplasty on postoperative clinical outcomes of patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy due to the tear of the isolated subscapularis. Patients and methods: The study included 53 patients (16 males, 37 females; mean age 55.8 years; range, 44 to 70 years) who underwent arthroscopic repair for isolated subscapularis tear (type 2 and type 3) with anterior shoulder pain and tenderness. All patients had a coracohumeral distance of less than 7 mm on the preoperative magnetic resonance images and a minimum follow-up period of two years. Patients were divided into two groups as group 1 including patients who underwent coracoplasty and group 2 including those who did not undergo coracoplasty. Patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively by the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score and the simple shoulder test (SST) score. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender and follow-up time (p0.05). The preoperative mean UCLA score was 19.65 for group 1 and 20.45 for group 2. The postoperative mean UCLA scores were 27.92 and 29.00, respectively. The preoperative mean SST score was 4.9 for group 1 and 5.1 for group 2. The postoperative mean SST scores were 10.0 and 9.5, respectively. Functional scores increased significantly in both groups postoperatively when compared to the preoperative values (p0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the increase in UCLA and SST scores between the two groups (p0.05). Conclusion: We believe that concomitant coracoplasty during arthroscopic repair may not be a necessary routine in the treatment of isolated subscapularis tears., Amaç: Bu çalışmada izole subskapularis yırtığı nedeniyle omuz artroskopisi uygulanan hastalarda eş zamanlı korakoplastinin ameliyat sonrası klinik sonuçlara etkisi araştırıldı.Hastalar ve yöntemler: Çalışmaya anterior omuz ağrısı ve hassasiyeti olan, izole subskapularis yırtığı (tip 2 ve tip 3) nedeniyle artroskopik tamir uygulanan 53 hasta (16 erkek, 37 kadın; ort. yaş 55.8 yıl; dağılım, 44-70 yıl) dahil edildi. Tüm hastaların ameliyat öncesi manyetik rezonans görüntülerinde korakohumeral mesafesi 7 mm’den azdı ve takip süreleri en az iki yıldı. Hastalar korakoplasti uygulanan hastaları içeren grup 1 ve korakoplasti uygulanmayanları içeren grup 2 olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastalar ameliyat öncesi ve sonrasında UCLA (University of California Los Angeles) omuz skoru ve basit omuz testi (BOT) skoru ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: İki grup arasında yaş, cinsiyet ve takip süresi açısından anlamlı farklılık yoktu (p0.05). Ameliyat öncesi ortalama UCLA skoru grup 1’de 19.65, grup 2’de 20.45 idi. Ameliyat sonrası ortalama UCLA skoru sırasıyla 27.92 ve 29.00 idi. Ameliyat öncesi ortalama BOT skoru grup 1’de 4.9, grup 2’de 5.1 idi. Ameliyat sonrası BOT skoru sırasıyla 10.0 ve 9.5 idi. Ameliyat öncesi değerler ile karşılaştırıldığında, her iki grupta ameliyat sonrasında fonksiyonel skorlar anlamlı olarak arttı (p0.01). Ancak iki grup arasında UCLA ve BOT skorlarındaki artış açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık yoktu (p0.05). Sonuç: İzole subskapularis yırtıklarının tedavisinde artroskopik tamir sırasında eş zamanlı korakoplastinin gerekli bir rutin olmadığını düşünüyoruz.

Congenital dislocation of the patella is a rare and difficult pathology to treat. We present a case of bilateral congenital dislocation of the patella with synostosis of proximal tibiofibular and proximal radioulnar joints without genu valgum deformity of both knees in a 30-year-old man. To our knowledge, congenital dislocation of the patella associated with synostosis of proximal tibiofibular and proximal radioulnar joints has not been reported in the literature yet.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı izole subskapularis yırtıklarında etiyolojik bir faktör olan subkorakoid sıkışmada korakoid taşmanın bir risk faktörü olarak geçerliliğini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Omuz artroskopisi uygulanan hastalardan izole subskapularis ve izole tam kat supraspinatus yırtıklı hastalar randomize olarak seçilerek iki grup oluşturuldu. Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ve ameliyat videoları retrospektif olarak tekrar incelenerek T1 aksiyel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme kesitlerinde korakoid taşma miktarı ve korakoid taşma/humerus başı çapı oranı hesaplandı ve ortalamaları karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmada her iki grupta 28’er hasta olmak üzere toplam 56 hasta vardı. Hastaların yaş ortalamaları Grup 1 ve 2’de sırasıyla 48.71±9.66 ve 64.85±6.1 olarak bulundu. Cinsiyet ve ameliyat olan taraf bakımından fark yoktu. Ortalama korakoid taşma değerleri Grup 1 ve 2’de sırasıyla 16.08±5.6 ve 14.65±5.92, korakoid taşma/humerus başı çapı oranı ise 0.33±0.11 ve 0.29±0.11 bulundu. Ortalama korakoid taşma ve korakoid taşma/humerus başı çapı değerleri bakımından iki grup arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı.Sonuç: Korakoid taşma ile subkorakoid sıkışma arasında istatistiksel olarak gerçek anlamda bir ilişki yoktur. Subskapularis yırtıklarında varlığı hala tartışmalı olan subkorakoid sıkışmaya bu çalışma ile de kanıt bulunamamıştır., Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of the coracoid overlap as a risk factor of the subcoracoid impingement which is an etiologic factor in isolated subscapularis tears.Materials and Methods: Two groups were constituted including isolated subscapularis and isolated full-thickness supraspinatus tears selected randomly from patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy. The magnetic resonance imaging and surgery videos were reviewed retrospectively to calculate and compare the means of the coracoid overlap and coracoid overlap/humeral head diameter ratio measured on T1 transverse magnetic resonance imaging sections.Results: There were a total of 56 patients including 28 in each group. The mean age of the groups were found to be 48.71±9.66 and 64.85±6.1 in Group 1 and 2, respectively. There was no significant difference in terms of age and involved shoulder. The mean coracoid overlap values were found to be 16.08±5.6 and 14.65±5.92 and coracoid overlap/humeral head diameter ratios were found to be 0.33±0.11 and 0.29±0.11 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. There was no significant difference in terms of coracoid overlap values and coracoid overlap/humeral head diameter ratios Conclusion: There is actually no statistically significant relationship between coracoid overlap and subcoracoid impingement. There could be found no evidence also with this study for subcoracoid impingement which is still controversial in subscapularis tears.

Congenital extremity anomalies are caused by pathological changes during the development process of the embryo. Exposure to toxins during 4-12 weeks of pregnancy may lead to extremity anomalies. In this article, we present a girl patient born as one of triplets at the 31st week and fifth day of pregnancy with meningomyelocele, Arnold-Chiari type 2 malformation, developmental dysplasia of the right hip, hypothyroidism, and lower extremity anomaly. Mother had a history of antenatal usage of sodium valproate. Radiographic examination of the lower extremity showed medial location of the fibula.

A 22-year-old male patient admitted to our clinic with mild pain in left knee. Pain had started 10 years ago and there was no history of trauma. Pain was increased with kneeling. No abnormality was detected on physical examination. Imaging results revealed proximal tibiofibular synostosis in left knee.

Purpose and Hypothesis: The subscapularis tendon is the major medial support of the long head of biceps tendon (LHBT). Thus, tears of subscapularis may cause biceps tendon subluxation or dislocation. A subluxated biceps tendon may cause a superior labrum injury because of the changed direction of the biceps tendon pulling vector. The purpose of this study is to express the frequency of superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesions accompanying subscapularis tears. Methods: The digital files of 2010 patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy were reviewed retrospectively. 141 videos of 141 patients with subscapularis tear were examined in terms of superior labrum and biceps tendon injuries by one of the authors in this study. The results were compared with those of all the 2010 patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy for any reason. The statistical analysis was made with a statistics programme by the Independent Samples T-Test. Results: There were 113 videos on which the superior labrum and LHBT could be examined precisely. Mean age was 57.8 and 66% of the patients were female. 96.4% of the 113 patients were having a SLAP lesion. 10.6% of those were SLAP I and 89.4% were SLAP II lesion. Out of 2010 patients, the SLAP lesion ratio was 32.2% of which 4.9% were SLAP I. That difference between the patients with and without subscapularis tear was statistically significant. Conclusions: Following the loss of medial support, the LHBT and its pulling vector subluxate anteriorly resulting in a tear of the superior labrum from anterior to posterior. In this study, SLAP lesions were strongly correlated with subscapularis tears as well. Furthermore, the synovial hypertrophy initiated after a superior labrum pathology at superior aspect of the glenoid spreads over the LHBT. An inflamed LHBT firstly degenerates, and then ruptures. According to this study, tears of subscapularis should be repaired when encountered in order to prevent the upcoming secondary intra-articular disorders. [Figure: see text]