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Lettuce is a valuable leaf vegetable for a well-balanced diet, since it is rich in nutrient elements, has low calories and provides dietary antioxidants. Compared to soil-based cultivation, the hydroponic system is an alternative associated with a shortening of growing cycles and a reduction of wasted water amount. The aim of this study was to analyze the growth of lettuce plants under hydroponic and soil cultivation systems, during three phenological growth stages (45; 47 and 49) according to BBCH scale. During the study different morphological and physiological parameters were evaluated: Plant height (PH); Stem diameter (SD); Fresh mass (FM); Dry mass (DM); Leaf area (LA); Chlorophyll content (CC); Transpiration rate (TR). The research was carried out using a complete randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of cultivation system and growth stages. Plants grown in hydroponic system presented higher values of most parameters, except for DM and TR. The cultivation system had the highest effect on PH, SD and LA. The highest variation between growth stages were observed for PH, LA and CC. Finally, we can conclude that lettuce plants cultivated under hydroponic system, presented better growth parameters associated with higher head weight and yield.

The study aimed at assessing stability the grains number from panicle to autumn oats, under the influence of climatic conditions. The study was conducted over a period of three years. The biological material consisted of 73 genotypes. The experimental data was obtained by performing biometric measurements. The experimental data was processed by various linear regression analysis modelesses: Finlay-Wilkinson, Hardwick-Wood, Muir, Wrike but also the concordance between the ranks of different models of appreciation. The values of grains number in panicle fluctuate according to the climatic conditions of the year, both as an average value and as intrapopulational variability. The Jeferson, Carie, Florina varieties, and the 4458, PA 725-4743, PA 822-818 lines exhibits a high dynamic stability associated with values above the average of the experience for the number of grains in panicle. In the case of this character, 53.10% of the genotype x environment interaction is due to heterogeneity of variances.

Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L) is widespread and cultivated for its pungent fruits worldwide and used for fresh consumption or dry powder. The biological material was composed of six hot pepper genotypes, genetically and ecologically differentiated, used as parents and 15 hybrids of half-diallel crosses between these parents. The aim of this research was to estimate the level of heterosis and breeding potential for plant yield of 15 F1 hybrids between six hot pepper parents, in order to identify and select promising crosses for improvement programs of hot pepper. In terms of heterobeltiosis, only the crosses Cs3 x Cayenne (122.81%) and Cs3 x Cs2 (5.02%) showed a higher plant yield than the best parent, with increases between 23.6 and 513 g. For 63.5% of the crosses the inheritance of plant yield was under the control of incomplete dominance, who acts bidirectional. In the crosses: Cs3 x Ar4, Cs2 x Sigaretta bionda and Ar4 x Sigaretta bionda the incomplete dominance acts in the direction of increasing plant yield, while at crosses: Cs3 x Sigaretta bionda, Cs2 x Ico, Cayenne x Sigaretta bionda, Cayenne x Ico, Ar4 x Ico and Sigaretta bionda x Ico, this type of dominance has negative effects on plant yield. The over dominance has been associated with positive alleles in hybrids Cs3 x Cayenne and Cs3 x Cs2, and with negative alleles at Cs 2 x Cayenne, Cs 2 x Ar 4 şi Cayenne x Ar 4 crosses, respectively. In the case of the Cs3 x Ico cross, the dominance effects do not influence the inheritance of this trait. The crosses Cs3 x Ico, Cs3 x Cayenne and Sigaretta bionda x Ico presented the highest breeding potential for plant yield, representing a promising pre-breeding material for improvement of hot pepper yield.

Research was conducted during two growing seasons (2017-2018) in Miniş-Măderat vineyard. The study aimed to evaluate the variability of several red wine grape varieties in order to highlight their main qualitative and quantitative parameters. In the research were involved the morphological parameters: the number of bunches on the vine, the bunch weight, the number of berries in the bunch and the grape yield on the vine. The highest bunches number /vine registered Merlot variety (30.24), while Burgund variety recorded the lowest values (17.76). Burgund variety recorded the highest bunch average weight (119.57 g) while Pinot Noir recorded the lowest value (87.18 g).Merlot variety recorded the highest number of berries/bunch,(111.36) and the lower value was recorded by the Pinot Noir ( 82.36).The Merlot variety achieved a significantly higher production than the other varieties during both growing seasons (3600.87g). The conditions of 2018 growing season had a very significant positive influence on the grape yield/ vine.

The aim of this study was conducted to assess the combined ability, for chlorophyll content, proline content, and dehydration capacity of the leaves. In this sense was used 4 x 4 half diallel crosses of winter barley to identify the best parents and combinations of these. Combining ability analysis provides important information for selecting parents in terms of the performance of their hybrids for future use in breeding programs. For chlorophyll content, the additive gene action presented a major influence. The greatest general combining effects for proline content were achieved in the Adi and DH 260/18 varieties, the Adi variety possessing a high potential for transmitting this character to the offspring. The Andrew variety (-1.32) registered the most valuable additive effects for improving the dehydration capacity of the leaves.

In wheat, the size of the grain, respectively its dimensions as well as degree of filled, are important characteristics on which depends both the weight of the grain and yield of flour, the quality of milling and baking as well as the production capacity of the respective genotype. This paper presents the results obtained by studying for three years, under field condition, 85 doubled haploid (DH) lines obtained from the F1’s of ‘G.603-86’ (large grains genotype) × ‘F.132’ (normal grains genotype) crosses using biotechnological Zea system. The environmental conditions of the three years had an important contribution on the genotype × year interaction, which showed also a higher influence on 1000 kernel weight (TKW). The variability of plant height and ear emergence data was also affected to a similar extent by this interaction. Based on the performed results and analyses, were highlighted lines which show high and stable values of TKW (54-64 g), associated with a plants height of approximately 85-100 cm and an ear emergence from May 11 to 17, under some climatic conditions similar to the period of study. These doubled haploids lines can be considered as promising genotypes for using in wheat breeding programs in order to improve yield performances under temperate continental climate conditions.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the variability of a collection of paprika peppers landraces, in order to use them in the breeding process. The study lasted two years. The biological material was collected from western Romania. The behavior of landraces is not constant from year to year. Zărand landrace was the most stable. They can be recommended as genitors the landraces: Craiva for fruit length (15.11 cm), Cermei for fruit diameter (3.06 cm) and fruit weight (38.30 g), Apateu II for the number of fruits per plant (22.26 fruits), Apateu II for fruits weight per plan (491.41 g). In respect of the drying efficiency was noted the Buzad landrace (over 20%). Considering the production of the plant and the efficiency in processing, for maintaining in the culture it is recommended the Apateu II landrace which has the highest fruit production per plant, the fruits being smaller. The variability within populations allows the selection to be applied, being medium or small for the size of the fruits and large for the weight of the fruit and the weight of the fruits on the plant. The studied collection is useful for breeding programs, but must be performed molecular analyzes.

The study tracked the evaluation of the characters that contribute to the plant production in a collection of bell pepper genotypes. The experimentation was done in field, under the usual technological conditions. The data collected by biometric measurements were statistically interpreted by variance analysis and by the setting of the selection indices (S, h2, ΔG). The biological material consisted of 20 landraces collected from the West of Romania. Most populations are similar to Globus variety in terms of fruit size. The Tomnatic II population is remarkable with many and small fruits, but also the Apateu I and Cenad populations which have the fruit weight on the plant significantly higher. For the fruit weight, the differences between the populations may be up to about 100 g (Şimian), which has the greatest heritability (0.83). In most populations, the heritability of this character is less than 0.50. The number of fruit per plant is influenced by environmental factors, but the expected genetic progress can be up to 5.98 fruit (Tomnatic II). The most common values are between 2 and 3 fruits. For the number of fruit per plant, few populations have a heritability of more than 0.50. The fruit weight on the plant can be improved by selection with a progress ranging from 21.43 g (Tomnatic I) to 340.73 g (Valcani). The heritability of this character is over 0.60 for nine populations. Considering these indices, the collected material is valuable for the selection process, but the selection must be longer. The studied populations of bell peppers are an important reservoir of genes for the breeding process, the variability of morphological characters being satisfactory.

Information on the inheritance of yield and quality traits is important for the selection of parents and breeding approaches to be adopted for the improvement of strawberry. The present study aimed to estimate the combining ability and gene effects for plant yield, fruits number/plant, fruit weight, pulp firmness and sugar content of strawberries in order to identify the best genitors and promising crosses, in 30 hybrids of six parents. The additive and non-additive gene action as well as the maternal effects was involved in the inheritance of the studied traits. For all traits, especially for fruit weight and plant yield, the additive gene action was more important than the non-additive one. The parents ‘A1’ and ‘Alba’ showed a higher concentration of favourable alleles for plant yield and fruits number, and they will allow the increase of plant yield when used as a donor of pollen and the increase of fruit number when used as a recipient of pollen. The variety ‘Marmolada’ was a good general combiner for sugar content, pulp firmness and fruit weight, especially when used as a female genitor. These parents could be used in hybridization in order to accelerate the genetic improvement of some yield and quality traits in strawberries. The cross ‘Mira’ × ‘Onda’ expressed desirable specific combining ability effects for yield traits and can be successfully use in strawberries breeding programs. In the case of ‘Alba’ × ‘Clery’ there is a high probability to select progenies with valuable yield traits associated with sweet fruits.

For breeding new varieties, local germoplasm can constitute a gene reservoir that is still unused. The study concerned 29 local populations collected from the counties of Timis, Arad, Bihor, which were compared with Cristalvariety. The main morphological characters, components of production capacity, concerning variability and existing correlations, were followed. 4 populations with significantly bigger fruits than the control varieties, were observed. Compared with Cristalvariety, three populations have a very significantly bigger number of fruit per plant: Satchinez, Siria, Girisu de Cris. The yield of fruit per plant is superior for many of the collection population: Satchinez ,Temeresti I, Siria, Girisude Cris, Fizis, Tomnatic and Vinga. The study indicate positive correlation between fruit weight/plant and fruits diameter and weight. However, about 80% of the fruit diameter variability is due to the influence of other characters. The correlation between fruit diameter and fruit weight/plant is not significant. Depending of the path coefficients, it was found that the number of fruit per plant shows a very tight correlation with fruit yield, and that there are considerable indirect influence on the correlation between fruit production and fruit diameter, fruit weight respectively. The established dendrogram shows that there is an obvious diversity between the populations that were collected from the same locality. Bidimensional diagram shows that Temeresti I and Fizis populations have the fruits of the highest length, diameter and weight, and Satchinez, Siria, Girisu de Cris populations have the highest number of fruits and the highest weight of fruit per plant.