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Ground-level ozone (O3) is a harmful air pollutant formed in the atmosphere by the interaction between sunlight and precursor gases. Exposure to current O3 levels in Europe is a major source of premature mortality from air pollution. However, mitigation actions have been mainly designed and implemented at the national and regional scales, lacking a comprehensive assessment of the geographic sources of O3 pollution and its associated health impacts. Here we quantify both national and imported contributions to O3 and their related mortality burden across 813 contiguous regions in 35 European countries, representing about 530 million people. Imported O3 contributed to 88.3% of all O3-attributable deaths (intercountry range 83–100%). The greatest share of imported O3 had its origins outside the study domain (that is, hemispheric sources), which was responsible for 56.7% of total O3-attributable mortality (range 42.5–87.2%). It was concluded that achieving the air-quality guidelines set out by the World Health Organization and avoiding the health impacts of O3 require not only the implementation of national or coordinated pan-European actions but also global strategies., H.A. and J.B. acknowledge funding from the EU’s Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe research and innovation programs under grant agreement nos. 865564 (European Research Council Consolidator Grant EARLY-ADAPT, https://early-adapt.eu/), 101069213 (European Research Council Proof-of-Concept HHS-EWS, https://forecaster. health) and 101123382 (European Research Council Proof-of-Concept FORECAST-AIR), as well as support from grant no. CEX2018-000806-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and support from Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. H.A. also acknowledges funding from the EU’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 101065876 (MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowship TEMP-MOMO). J.B. also acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under grant agreement no. RYC2018-025446-I (program Ramón y Cajal). M.T.P. acknowledges Universitat de Barcelona for a postdoctoral grant in regard to the requalification of teaching staff of the Spanish University System (DOGC, 8448, 2.7.2021). BSC coauthors acknowledge support by Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico as part of Plan Nacional del Ozono project BOE-A-2021-20183, as well as through the VITALISE project (PID2019- 108086RA-I00, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigacion. The BSC coauthors also acknowledge the AXA Research Fund and Red Temática ACTRIS España (CGL2017- 90884-REDT), and H2020 ACTRIS IMP (no. 871115), the Department of Research and Universities of the Government of Catalonia through the Atmospheric Composition Research Group (code 2021 SGR 01550), as well as computer resources of MareNostrum and technical support provided by BSC through the RES (nos. AECT-2022-1-0008 and AECT- 2022-2-0003). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript., Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar, Postprint (published version)

Record-breaking temperatures were recorded across the globe in 2023. Without climate action, adverse climate-related health impacts are expected to worsen worldwide, affecting billions of people. Temperatures in Europe are warming at twice the rate of the global average, threatening the health of populations across the continent and leading to unnecessary loss of life. The Lancet Countdown in Europe was established in 2021, to assess the health profile of climate change aiming to stimulate European social and political will to implement rapid health-responsive climate mitigation and adaptation actions. In 2022, the collaboration published its indicator report, tracking progress on health and climate change via 33 indicators and across five domains. This new report tracks 42 indicators highlighting the negative impacts of climate change on human health, the delayed climate action of European countries, and the missed opportunities to protect or improve health with health-responsive climate action. The methods behind indicators presented in the 2022 report have been improved, and nine new indicators have been added, covering leishmaniasis, ticks, food security, health-care emissions, production and consumption-based emissions, clean energy investment, and scientific, political, and media engagement with climate and health. Considering that negative climate-related health impacts and the responsibility for climate change are not equal at the regional and global levels, this report also endeavours to reflect on aspects of inequality and justice by highlighting at-risk groups within Europe and Europe's responsibility for the climate crisis., This online publication has been corrected.Errata: Correction to Lancet Public Health 2024; 9: e495–522. The Lancet Public Health, 2024;9(7): e420. DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00129-4

Over the last century, our societies have experienced a sharp increase in urban population and fossil-fuelled transportation, turning air pollution into a critical issue. It is therefore key to accurately characterize the spatiotemporal variability of surface air pollution in order to understand its effects upon the environment, knowledge that can then be used to design effective pollution reduction policies. Global atmospheric composition reanalyses offer great capabilities towards this characterization through assimilation of satellite measurements. However, they generally do not integrate surface measurements and thus remain affected by significant biases at ground level. In this study, we thoroughly evaluate two global atmospheric composition reanalyses, the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMSRA) and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications v2 (MERRA-2), between 2003 and 2020, against independent surface measurements of O3, NO2, CO, SO2 and particulate matter (PM; both PM10 and PM2.5) over the European continent. Overall, both reanalyses present significant and persistent biases for almost all examined pollutants. CAMSRA clearly outperforms MERRA-2 in capturing the spatiotemporal variability of most pollutants, as shown by generally lower biases (all pollutants except for PM2.5), lower errors (all pollutants) and higher correlations (all pollutants except SO2). CAMSRA also outperforms MERRA-2 in capturing the annual trends found in all pollutants (except for SO2). Overall, CAMSRA tends to perform best for O3 and CO, followed by NO2 and PM10, while poorer results are typically found for SO2 and PM2.5. Higher correlations are generally found in autumn and/or winter for reactive gases. Compared to MERRA-2, CAMSRA assimilates a wider range of satellite products which, while enhancing the performance of the reanalysis in the troposphere (as shown by other studies), has a limited impact on the surface. The biases found in both rea, This research has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC), in the frame of the EARLY-ADAPT project (https://early-adapt.eu/, last access: 15 December 2022), under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 865564), as well as the MITIGATE project (project no. PID2020-113840RA- I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI). We also acknowledge support by the AXA Research Fund., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Correction: The Lancet Public Health, Volume 7, Issue 12, 2022, Page e993, ISSN 2468-2667, DOI:10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00287-0.

La ciutat de Tarragona es caracteritza per ser un dels principals pols d’assentament de la població de nacionalitat marroquina a Catalunya. Des d’inicis del segle xxi, aquesta població ha protagonitzat un important creixement que la situa a la capçalera del rànquing de nacionalitats estrangeres del municipi. Paral·lelament a l’augment del nombre d’efectius, el col·lectiu ha experimentat canvis substancials en la seva distribució espacial. L’objectiu d’aquest treball és precisament analitzar l’evolució de les pautes d’assentament i els nivells de segregació residencial de la comunitat marroquina a l’interior de l’espai urbà tarragoní corresponents al període temporal 2004-2012 a partir de les dades del Padró Municipal d’habitants., La ciudad de Tarragona se caracteriza por ser uno de los principales polos de asentamiento de la población de nacionalidad marroquí en Cataluña. Desde inicios del siglo xxi, esta población ha protagonizado un importante crecimiento que la sitúa en la cabecera del ranking de nacionalidades extranjeras del municipio. De forma paralela al aumento del nombre de efectivos, el colectivo ha experimentado cambios sustanciales en su distribución espacial. El objetivo de este trabajo es precisamente analizar la evolución de las pautas de asentamiento y los niveles segregación residencial de la comunidad marroquí en el interior del espacio urbano tarraconense correspondientes al período temporal 2004-2012 a partir del los datos del Padrón Municipal de habitantes., La ville de Tarragone est caractérisée par l’existence d’un des principaux pôles d’établissement de la population de nationalité marocaine en Catalogne. Dès le début du xxième siècle, on a pu observer une croissance exponentielle de cette population à Tarragone, ce qui la place aujourd’hui en tête du classement des nationalités étrangères dans cette ville. Parallèlement à la croissance de cet effectif, l’ensemble a connu des changements substantiels dans sa distribution spatiale. Le principal but de cette recherche est précisément d’analyser l’évolution des règles d’établissement ainsi que les niveaux de ségrégation résidentielle de la communauté marocaine dans l’espace urbain de la ville de Tarragone, faits correspondant à la période 2004-2012 a partir des données du Recensement Municipal des habitants., The city of Tarragona is one of the main poles for the settlement of Moroccan nationals in Catalonia. Since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a significant increase in this population, with Moroccans now making up the largest group in the ranking of foreign nationalities. At the same time, there have been substantial changes in the spatial distribution of this group. The main goal of this research is to analyse the evolution of the settlement patterns and the levels in residential segregation of the Moroccan community in the Tarragona urban area for the 2004-2012 period using data from Municipal Register.

La ciutat de Tarragona es caracteritza per ser un dels principals pols d'assentament de la població de nacionalitat marroquina a Catalunya. Des d'inicis del segle XXI, aquesta població ha protagonitzat un important creixement que la situa a la capçalera del rànquing de nacionalitats estrangeres del municipi. Paral·lelament a l'augment del nombre d'efectius, el col·lectiu ha experimentat canvis substancials en la seva distribució espacial. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és precisament analitzar l'evolució de les pautes d'assentament i els nivells de segregació residencial de la comunitat marroquina a l'interior de l'espai urbà tarragoní corresponents al període temporal 2004-2012 a partir de les dades del Padró Municipal d'habitants.

In the past few decades, major public health advances have happened in Europe, with drastic decreases in premature mortality and a life expectancy increase of almost 9 years since 1980. European countries have some of the best health-care systems in the world. However, Europe is challenged with unprecedented and overlapping crises that are detrimental to human health and livelihoods and threaten adaptive capacity, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the fastest-growing migrant crisis since World War 2, population displacement, environmental degradation, and deepening inequalities. Compared with pre-industrial times, the mean average European surface air temperature increase has been almost 1°C higher than the average global temperature increase, and 2022 was the hottest European summer on record. As the world's third largest economy and a major contributor to global cumulative greenhouse gas emissions, Europe is a key stakeholder in the world's response to climate change and has a global responsibility and opportunity to lead the transition to becoming a low-carbon economy and a healthier, more resilient society.