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Software development analytics is a research area concerned with providing insights to improve product deliveries and processes. Many types of studies, data sources and mining methods have been used for that purpose. This systematic literature review aims at providing an aggregate view of the relevant studies on Software Development Analytics in the past decade, with an emphasis on its application in practical settings. Definition and execution of a search string upon several digital libraries, followed by a quality assessment criteria to identify the most relevant papers. On those, we extracted a set of characteristics (study type, data source, study perspective, development life-cycle activities covered, stakeholders, mining methods, and analytics scope) and classified their impact against a taxonomy. Source code repositories, exploratory case studies, and developers are the most common data sources, study types, and stakeholders, respectively. Testers also get moderate attention from researchers. Product managers’ concerns are being addressed frequently and project managers are also present but with less prevalence. Mining methods are rapidly evolving, as reflected in their identified long list. Descriptive statistics are the most usual method followed by correlation analysis. Being software development an important process in every organization, it was unexpected to find that process mining was present in only one study. Most contributions to the software development life cycle were given in the quality dimension. Time management and costs control were less prevalent. The analysis of security aspects is even more reduced, however, evidences suggest it is an increasing topic of concern. Risk management contributions are also scarce. There is a wide improvement margin for software development analytics in practice. For instance, mining and analyzing the activities performed by software developers in their actual workbench, i.e., in their IDEs. Together with mining developers’ behaviors, based on the evidences and trend, in a short term period we expect an increase in the volume of studies related with security and risks management. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

The yellow fever virus (YFV) caused a severe outbreak in Brazil in 2016-2018 that rapidly spread across the Atlantic Forest in its most populated region without viral circulation for almost 80 years. A comprehensive entomological survey combining analysis of distribution, abundance and YFV natural infection in mosquitoes captured before and during the outbreak was conducted in 44 municipalities of five Brazilian states. In total, 17,662 mosquitoes of 89 species were collected. Before evidence of virus circulation, mosquitoes were tested negative but traditional vectors were alarmingly detected in 82% of municipalities, revealing high receptivity to sylvatic transmission. During the outbreak, five species were found positive in 42% of municipalities. Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus are considered the primary vectors due to their large distribution combined with high abundance and natural infection rates, concurring together for the rapid spread and severity of this outbreak. Aedes taeniorhynchus was found infected for the first time, but like Sabethes chloropterus and Aedes scapularis, it appears to have a potential local or secondary role because of their low abundance, distribution and infection rates. There was no evidence of YFV transmission by Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, although the former was the most widespread species across affected municipalities, presenting an important overlap between the niches of the sylvatic vectors and the anthropic ones. The definition of receptive areas, expansion of vaccination in the most affected age group and exposed populations and the adoption of universal vaccination to the entire Brazilian population need to be urgently implemented.

Estudaram-se as alterações microclimáticas decorrentes da presença de árvores isoladas de freixo (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) num lameiro próximo de Alfaião (41º 46’ 55’’ N; 6º 24’ 51’’ W; 510m de altitude), no distrito de Bragança (Nordeste de Portugal), em que o clima é do tipo Csb de Köppen. O lameiro localiza-se no fundo de um pequeno vale, cujos solos correspondem a Fluvissolos êutricos. Durante três anos mediu-se a radiação solar global incidente em campo aberto e a transmitida através da copa da árvore, a temperatura do ar e do solo sob e fora do coberto e a precipitação incidente sob a copa e em campo aberto. Em todas as estações do ano a presença da árvore alterou significativamente o microclima sob a mesma devido à intercepção de radiação solar (cerca de 25 a 35% no Inverno e de 55 a 65% no Verão) e de cerca de 40% do total anual da precipitação bruta (52-56% no período de Maio-Setembro e 35% no período de ausência de folhagem). As temperaturas médias do ar sob a influência da copa (SIC) da árvore foram superiores às observadas fora da influência da copa (FIC), com as diferenças máximas ocorrendo durante o período nocturno e sendo da ordem de 3ºC no Verão e de 5ºC no Inverno. Os valores médios da temperatura do solo foram superiores na área SIC durante o Inverno (1,1ºC à profundidade de 20 cm) e no Verão na área FIC (1ºC à profundidade de 2 cm). As amplitudes térmicas no ar e no solo da área SIC foram inferiores às observadas na FIC. As condições microclimáticas observadas sob coberto poderão favorecer o desenvolvimento da vegetação herbácea no fim do Inverno, o que pode afectar a produção de biomassa das herbáceas., Changes in microclimate caused by an isolated ash tree (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) were assessed in a pasture land close to Bragança (41º 46’ 55’’ N; 6º 24’ 51’’ W; 510m de altitude), in Northeastern Portugal), where climate is Csb according to Köppen. The experimental site was located in the bottom of a small valley, and soils mostly fit the Eutric Fluvisols. Solar radiation, rainfall, and air and soil temperature were measured during three years beneath the tree canopy and in the open. Results showed that the microclimate conditions under the tree canopy were significantly different from those in the open. This is due to solar radiation interception (about 25 a 35% in winter and 55 a 65% in summer) and the interception of about 40% of the gross rainfall (52-56% during May- -October, and 35% when the foliage was absent). Mean air temperatures under the canopy were higher than those in the open, with the differences being greater at nigth, reaching about 3ºC in summer and 5ºC in winter. Compared to the open, mean soil temperatures in winter were higher (about 1ºC at 20 cm depth) beneath the canopy, but were smaller (1ºC at 2 cm depth) in summer. Amplitudes of soil and air temperature were lower under the tree canopy than in the open. These microclimate conditions under the canopy may favour both the herbaceous biomass production and the earlier development of herbaceous at the end of winter.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-22T15:51:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_11638_FERNANDO MOLON ABREU20180124-104145.pdf: 7033417 bytes, checksum: 37a672c01fe9c281301a15eb67fc1593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-19 Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar as equações de Navier-Stokes solucionadas pelo método dos elementos finitos utilizando a biblioteca de domínio público FEniCS. Um estudo comparativo de métodos de projeção e estabilizados é apresentado. Os métodos de projeções implementados foram: esquema de correção não incremental da pressão (Chorin) (Non-Incremental Pressure Correction Scheme - Chorin), esquema de correção incremental da pressão (IPCS) (Incremental Pressure Correction Scheme - IPCS) e esquema de divisão consistente (CSS) (Consistent Splitting Scheme - CSS). O esquema adaptativo de escolha do passo de tempo, PID, é considerado nos métodos de projeção e estabilizados. Também, são investigados problemas de interação fluido-estrutura através do método de impulso acoplado (CMM-FSI - Coupled Momentum Method for FSI). O método CMM-FSI considera a formulação convencional de elementos finitos para as equações de Navier-Stokes em um domínio rígido, acrescentando modificações de tal maneira que a deformação da membrana seja considerada. Para a formulação variacional das equações de Navier-Stokes é considerada a formulação estabilizada Stremline-Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) para a velocidade, a formulação estabilizada Pressure-Stabilizing/Petrov-Galerkin (PSPG) para a pressão, e o termo de captura de descontinuidade Least-Squares on Incompressibility Constraint (LSIC). A biblioteca FEniCS demonstrou eficiência para tratamento das equações de Navier-Stokes em geral e na solução de problemas de interação fluido-estrutura pelo método CMM-FSI. Palavras chave: Método dos Elementos Finitos. Formulações Estabilizadas. Métodos de Projeção. Interação Fluido-Estrutura. FEniCS.

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The identification and validation of candidate genes related to traits of interest is a time consuming and expensive process and the homology among genes from different species can facilitate the identification of genes of the target species from the genomic information of a model species. This study aimed to quantify the expression of homologous rice genes previously related to drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. Five genes (CPK6, PLDa, GluR2, CesA8, and EIN2) were identified in rice by the homology of the amino acid sequence between rice and Arabidopsis. The genotypes Douradão (drought tolerant) and Primavera (drought susceptible) were subjected to a water deficit experiment, and subsequently evaluated for gene expression by qPCR for the five homologous and Lsi1 genes. The qPCR analysis clearly showed that the five homologous genes were expressed in rice, which is an indication that these genes could preserve their function in rice as a response to drought. In Douradão, of the five homologous genes, all but OsGluR2 displayed an increase in the average expression in drought treatment when compared to the control, while in Primavera, the average expression of the five genes did not differ between the control and drought treatment. In Douradão, the OsPLDa1, which showed the higher expression level in drought in relation to the control (10.82), significantly increased the gene expression in the leaf and root tissues as a response to drought, in both vegetative and reproductive stages, whereas in Primavera, this gene was suppressed in both tissues and stages under drought. Therefore, the OsPLDa1 gene was the most important in relation to drought response and is an interesting candidate for further studies in developing rice cultivars that are more tolerant to this stress.

This article discusses the concepts of ETL (Extract, Transform and Load) with the objective to demystify the use of this feature only as a sub-process of building a DW (Data Warehouse)

The literature has pointed out the need for focusing efforts to better support comprehension of MATLAB and Octave programs. Despite being largely used in the industry and academia in the engineering domain, programs and routines written in those languages still require efforts to propose approaches and tools for its understanding. Considering the use of crosscutting concerns (CCCs) to support the comprehension of object-oriented programs, there is room of its use in the context of MATLAB and Octave programs. The literature has purpose and examples in this direction. Considering this scenario, we propose the use of visualization enriched with CCCs representation to support the comprehension of such programs. This paper discusses the use of a multiple view interactive environment called OctMiner in the context of two case studies to characterize how collected information relating to crosscutting concerns can foster the comprehension of MATLAB and GNU/Octave programs. As a result of the conducted case studies, we propose strategies based on OctMiner and tailored to support different comprehension activities of programs written in MATLAB and Octave. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Background We analyzed our 22 years of experience with extraanatomic bypass grafting for repair of aortic arch coarctation in adults. Results from early and midterm follow-up with clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance angiography are reported. Methods Between November 1979 and December 2001, 18 consecutive patients aged 18 to 61 years (mean, 31.8 ± 13.3 years) underwent extraanatomic bypass grafting to repair coarctation of the aortic arch. Six patients (33.3%) had recoarctation after previous repair through a left thoracotomy, and 3 (16.7%) had associated cardiac diseases. The operative technique used in all patients was ascending aorta-to-descending thoracic aorta bypass with a polyethylene terephthalate fiber (Dacron) graft through a median sternotomy and posterior pericardial approach. Results Follow-up was completed in all patients, with a mean duration of 5.6 ± 5.7 years (range, 12 months to 22 years). The follow-up interval exceeded 10 years in 5 patients. No neurologic complications, early or late mortality, late reoperations, or graft complications occurred. Six patients (33.3%) had mild hypertension. All patients were asymptomatic with patent Dacron grafts confirmed by echocardiography. Magnetic resonance angiography, performed in 15 (83.3%) patients, revealed that the Dacron grafts were still patent at a mean interval of 4.0 ± 6.2 years (range, 5 days to 22 years) after repair. Conclusions Extraanatomic ascending aorta-to-descending thoracic aorta bypass grafting for repair of aortic arch coarctation in adults is safe, with low morbidity and no mortality. The favorable midterm results indicate this technique is a safe and less invasive means of repairing aortic arch coarctation or recoarctation in adults.

Context: Mobile BIS apps demand is increasing, with shorter time-to-market requirements, but their production faces problems, such as handling business rules concurrently, multiple platforms, localization and extensibility. Objective: Propose a generative approach for mobile BIS apps that will mitigate the identified problems. Method: We adopted the Design Science Research methodology, that helps gaining problem understanding, identifying systemically appropriate solutions, and in evaluating innovative solutions. Results: We identified the problem and its motivation, defined the objectives for a solution, designed and developed a prototype generative tool for BIS apps, demonstrated its usage and evaluated how well it mitigates a subset of the identified problems in an observational study. Limitations: Several issues are pending such as distributed business rules enforcement and the formalization of the required transformations from the PIM to several platform-specific models (PSMs). Conclusion: We intend to contribute for reducing BIS apps time-to-market, while improving the maintainability of those apps. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Atualmente, as ligas de alumínio da série 6xxx vêm ocupando um espaço importante na produção global das ligas de alumínio. A utilização em larga escala dessa classe de ligas é consequência da melhoria de suas propriedades mecânicas quando submetidas a tratamentos térmicos. No entanto, a realização de tratamentos térmicos de solubilização e a precipitação de fases metaestáveis durante o envelhecimento podem prejudicar consideravelmente a resistência à corrosão dessa classe de ligas. O presente trabalho, objetiva avaliar a suscetibilidade à corrosão da liga de alumínio 6101 submetida a tratamentos térmicos de solubilização. Investigou-se a corrosão através da realização de ensaios de potencial ao longo do tempo e curvas anódicas de polarização. Avaliou-se qualitativamente a formação de pites através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As soluções de 3,5 % de NaCl e 0,1 M de Na2SO4 foram utilizadas nos ensaios para simular condições de alta agressividade Currently, 6xxx series aluminum alloys have been occupying an important place in the global production of aluminum alloy. The wide use of this class of alloys is a result of improvement on mechanical properties when subjected to heat treatments. However, the thermal treatments of solubilization and precipitation of metastable phases during aging may impair the corrosion resistance of this class of alloys. The present study aims to evaluate the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 6101 after heat treatment of solubilization by testing over time and anodic polarization curves. The formation of pits was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solutions of 3.5 % NaCl and 0,1 M Na2SO4 were used in order to simulate conditions of high aggressiveness.

O crescimento foliar e a acumulação de matéria seca durante o estabelecimento da ervilha (Pisum sativum L., var. Ballet), do milho (Zea mays L., var. Lorena) e do girassol (Helianthus annuus L., var. Flora-sol) foram estudados em função da temperatura e do teor de água num solo Pmg(Évora) e num Cb (Lisboa), entre Junho de 1995 e Novembro de 1996. Mediu-se a temperatura do solo a 2 e 4 cm de profundidade, a temperatura do ar e a humidade do solo. A área foliar das plântulas foi estimada a partir de medições do comprimento e da largura de cada folha. A acumulação de matéria seca foi avaliada pela pesagem da parte aérea das plântulas após secagem em estufa. Os dados foram analisados com base no conceito de tempo térmico. Para teores de humidade superiores a 50% da capacidade utilizável de cada solo, a área foliar durante o estabelecimento da ervilha e do milho aumentou linearmente com a temperatura acumulada, enquanto que a do girassol aumentou exponencialmente durante o mesmo período. A relação entre a acumulação de matéria seca de qualquer das culturas e a temperatura acumulada foi exponencial. O tipo de solo influenciou significativamente o “início da expansão foliar” da ervilha e do girassol, a “taxa térmica de expansão foliar” do milho e a acumulação de matéria seca da ervilha e do milho. O “início da expansão foliar” da ervilha ocorreu mais cedo no solo Cb enquanto que o do girassol ocorreu mais cedo no solo Pmg. A expansão foliar do milho foi mais rápida no solo Pmg. A acumulação de matéria seca da ervilha foi mais rápida no solo Cb, enquanto que a do girassol foi mais rápida no solo Pmg. Em ambos os solos, baixos teores de humidade afectaram negativamente a expansão da área foliar e a acumulação de matéria seca., Revista de Ciências Agrárias, vol. 30 n.º 2 (2007)

Background. Data on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients receiving dialysis in Portugal is scarce. Methods. This nationwide epidemiological survey retrospectively evaluates HIV-infected patients on chronic dialysis in Portugal between 1997 and 2002. Results. Sixty-six patients were evaluated (mean age: 39.1±1.6 years, 47 men, 35 black African). Sixty-two patients started dialysis and 4 patients who were receiving dialysis had HIV seroconversion. Eighty-five percent of patients were treated in Lisbon. The annual incidence of HIV-infected patients on chronic dialysis was 0.5% in 1997 and 0.9% in 2002. Seventy-eight percent of patients were HIV-1 infected , 13% had hepatitis B and 31% hepatitis C. Sexual contact was the mode of transmission of HIV in 53% of cases. Four patients had biopsy-proved HIV-associated nephropathy. Ninety-five percent of patients were on chronic hemodialysis. Fifty percent of patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. At follow-up, 12 patients died. HIV-infected CKD patient survival after starting dialysis was 80% at 3 years. Conclusion. The incidence of HIV-infected patients on chronic dialysis in Portugal has almost doubled. Widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the increasing number of black Africans from former overseas Portuguese colonies now living in Portugal are possible reasons for this large increase.

Background: Data on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients receiving dialysis in Portugal is scarce. Methods: This nationwide epidemiological survey retrospectively evaluates HIV-infected patients on chronic dialysis in Portugal between 1997 and 2002. Results: Sixty-six patients were evaluated (mean age: 39.1±1.6 years, 47 men, 35 black African). Sixty-two patients started dialysis and 4 patients who were receiving dialysis had HIV seroconversion. Eighty-five percent of patients were treated in Lisbon. The annual incidence of HIV-infected patients on chronic dialysis was 0.5% in 1997 and 0.9% in 2002. Seventy-eight percent of patients were HIV-1 infected , 13% had hepatitis B and 31% hepatitis C. Sexual contact was the mode of transmission of HIV in 53% of cases. Four patients had biopsy-proved HIV-associated nephropathy. Ninety-five percent of patients were on chronic hemodialysis. Fifty percent of patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. At follow-up, 12 patients died. HIV-infected CKD patient survival after starting dialysis was 80% at 3 years. Conclusion: The incidence of HIV-infected patients on chronic dialysis in Portugal has almost doubled. Widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the increasing number of black Africans from former overseas Portuguese colonies now living in Portugal are possible reasons for this large increase.

Desde os primeiros momentos da indústria automobilística, o álcool tem sido considerado como um combustível viável. De fato, o primeiro modelo desenvolvido por Henry Ford tinha seu motor adaptado para funcionar tanto com álcool como gasolina. Entretanto, como a gasolina tornou-se mais barata e disponível que o álcool, este combustível deixou de ser considerado prioridade até as crises econômica de 1929 e do petróleo dos anos de 1970. Assim, inicialmente a produção de etanol foi justificada por aspectos políticos. Atualmente, a ênfase em redução da poluição e limitação do aquecimento global também têm sido fortes motivações para a continuidade de produção e uso desse combustível renovável. Embora no Brasil o uso de cana-de-açúcar para produção de álcool seja muito bem-sucedido, outras matérias-primas devem ser consideradas futuramente, seja para possibilitar a produção em regiões sem vocação agrícola para aquela cultura, seja para inclusão de pequenos produtores usando materiais amiláceos como mandioca e batata-doce, ou com a utilização de materiais lignocelulósicos quando esta tornar-se uma realidade. Dessa forma, este trabalho fala de aspectos técnicos da produção de etanol a partir de carboidratos, considerando as principais vantagens, dificuldades e inovações técnicas em seu uso.

A imaturidade das vias aéreas e a susceptibilidade às infecções, no lactente, são factores que condicionam a expressividade clínica de malformações do aparelho respiratório, muitas vezes "rotuladas" como bronquiolites ou outras infecções respiratórias comuns. No entanto, a evolução atípica ou a recorrência são sinais que alertam para a possibilidade de existirem situações clínicas menos frequentes subjacentes. Assim, e curiosa verificar que, nos casos clínicos apresentados, 0 diagnóstico inicial de infecção respiratória com componente obstrutivo baixo conduziu a identificação de malformações congénitas da via aérea.