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1. Structures, processes and outcomes between first referral and referral hospitals in low-income and middle-income countries: a secondary preplanned analysis of the FALCON and ChEETAh randomised trials

Author: Rajeev Sharma, Neha Mishra, Simon Cousens, Sanjay Gupta, Thomas Pinkney, Neil Smart, Jonathan Cook, Hemanth Kumar, Peter Brocklehurst, Mohammed Bashir, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Philip Alexander, Laura Magill, Rachel Moore, Stephen Tabiri, Joseph Yorke, Dion Morton, Aneel Bhangu, Bryar Kadir, Naveen Sharma, Punam Mistry, Joshua Arthur, Muneer A Malik, Tracy Roberts, Elisee Rwagahirima, Christian Urimubabo, Ewen Harrison, Vijay Kumar, Julia Brown, Pollyanna Hardy, Amit Mahajan, Pratik Solanki, James Glasbey, Himani Gupta, Omar Omar, Joana Simoes, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Felix Alakaloko, Olumide Elebute, Omolara Faboya, Justina Seyi-Olajide, Anita Thomas, David Lissauer, Zainab Imam, George Ihediwa, Zainab O Imam, Felix M Alakaloko, Pradeep Zechariah, Suraj Surendran, Olatunji O Lawal, Mohammed Adnan, Savleen Kaur, Faustin Ntirenganya, JC Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Emmy Runigamugabo, Djifid Morel Seto, Paul Wondoh, Charles Dally, Kwabena Agbedinu, Florence Dedey, Enoch Tackie, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Anthony Davor, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Olalekan Ajai, Mobolaji Oludara, Muhammad Daniyan, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Adedeji Fatuga, Muzzammil Abdullahi, Manish Pathak, Prashant Singh, Rita Jain, Kwaku Boakye-Yiadom, Kazeem Atobatele, Ayokunle Ogunyemi, Olabode Oshodi, Christopher Bode, Omobolaji O Ayandipo, Akinlabi E Ajao, Godwin Akaba, Gabriella Hyman, Deepak Singh, Olukemi Akande, Sivesh Kathir Kamarajah, Naseem Akhtar, José A Flores, Donna Smith, Olatunji Lawal, Hadijat Olaide Raji, Zafar Khan, Matthew Francis, Emmanuel Williams, Pardeep Kumar, Oliver Samuel, María Paz Muñoz, Arun Chaturvedi, Sameer Gupta, Puneet Prakash, John Raphael, Funmilola Wuraola, Olalekan Olasehinde, Murlidhar V Pai, Deepak Jain, Anwar Sadat Seidu, Victor Ifeanyichukwu Modekwe, Jideofor Okechukwu Ugwu, Lukmon Amosu, Akan Inyang, Michael Amoah, Boateng Nimako, Dhruva Ghosh, Neil Winkles, Olabisi O Osagie, Karolin Kroese, Olubunmi Ogein, Mustapha Yakubu, Vasanth Mark Samuel, Cecil Thomas, Enono Yhoshu, Vishal Michael, William Bhatti, Swati Daniel, Jyoti Dhiman, Atul Suroy, Christopher O Bode, George C Ihediwa, Adaiah Soibi-Harry, Benedetto Osunwusi, Elizabeth Li, Sonia Mathai, Deepak Singla, Farhanul Huda, Aisha Mustapha, Anisah Yahya, Samuel Mensah, Puneet Pareek, Bernard Ofori, Souliath Lawani, Oluwafunmilayo Adeniyi, Opeyemi Rebecca Akinajo, Richard Ofosu-Akromah, Olumide Adeniyi, Adewale O. Adisa, Natacha Boumas, Fareeda Galley, Frank Enoch Gyamfi Parvez D Haque, Antonio Ramos de la Medina, Chukwuma Okereke, Ronald Tubasime, Felicity Brant, Sohini Chakrabortee, Parvez D Haque, Emily Heritage, Carmela Lapitan, Rachel Lillywhite, Pierre Sodonougbo, Pamphile Assouto, Michel Fiogbe, Houenoukpo Koco, Serge Metchinhoungbe, Hodonou Sogbo, Hulrich Behanzin, Yannick Tandje, Sosthène Kangni, Cyrile Kpangon, Marcelin Akpla, Hugues Herve Chobli, Blaise Kovohouande, Gérard Agboton, Rene Ahossi, Raoul Baderha Ngabo, Nathan Bisimwa, Covalic Melic Bokossa Kandokponou, Mireille Dokponou, Francis Moïse Dossou, Corinne Dzemta, Antoine Gaou, Roland Goudou, Emmanuel Hedefoun, Sunday Houtoukpe, Felix Kamga, Eric Kiki- Migan, Ismaïl Lawani, René Loko, Afissatou Moutaïrou, Pencome Ogouyemi, Fouad Soumanou, Pia Tamadaho, Mack-Arthur Zounon, Luke Aniakwo Adagrah, Bin Baaba Alhaji Alhassan, Mabel Pokuah Amoako-Boateng, Anthony Baffour Appiah, Alvin Asante-Asamani, Benedict Boakye, Samuel A Debrah, Donald Enti, Rahman Adebisi Ganiyu, Patience Koggoh, Richard Kpankpari, Isabella Naa M. Opandoh, Meshach Agyemang Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku Manu, Martin Tangnaa Morna, John Nkrumah, Michael Nortey, Emmanuel Owusu Ofori, Elizaberth Mercy Quartson, Esther Adjei-Acquah, Eric Agyemang Vera Agyekum, Rebecca Adjeibah Akesseh, Forster Amponsah-Manu, Ato Oppong Acquah, Leslie Issa Adam-Zakariah, Esther Asabre, Ruby Acheampong Boateng, Barbara Koomson, Ataa Kusiwaa, Emmanuel Yaw Twerefour, James Ankomah, Frank Assah-Adjei, Anthony Appiah Boakye, Godfred Fosu, Godwin Serbeh, Kofi Yeboah Gyan, Isaac Omane Nyarko, Zelda Robertson, Ralph Armah, Christopher Asare, Delali Akosua Gakpetor, Victoria Sena Gawu, Ambe Obbeng, Doris Ofosuhene, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Diana Puozaa, Arkorful Ebenezer Temitope, Regina Acquah, James Amoako, Akosua Dwamena Appiah, Mark Aseti, Charles Banka, Samuel Dadzie, Derick Essien, Romeo Hussey, Jemima Kwarteng, Naa Anyekaa Sowah, Grace Yeboah, Cynthia Yeboah, Kwame Gyambibi Addo, Enoch Appiah Akosa, Percy Boakye, Christian Larbi Coompson, Brian Gyamfi, Bismark Effah Kontor, Christian Kyeremeh, Ruth Manu, Elijah Mensah, Friko Ibrahim Solae, Gideon Kwasi Toffah, Dorcas Otuo Acheampong, Jane Acquaye, Michael Adinku, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Emmanuel Gyimah Amankwa, George Amoah, Juliana Appiah, Alex Ayim, Emmanuel Kafui Ayodeji, Jonathan Boakye-Yiadom, Edward Amoah Boateng, Christian Kofi Gyasi-Sarpong, Naabo Nuhu Noel Hamidu, Iddrisu Haruna, Naa Kwarley, Agbenya Kobla Lovi, Bertina Beauty Nyadu, Dominic Opoku, Anita Osabutey, Robert Sagoe, Samuel Tuffour, Yaa Tufour, Francis Akwaw Yamoah, Abiboye Cheduko Yefieye, Nii Armah Adu-Aryee, Faisal Adjei, Erica Akoto, Elikem Ametefe, Joachim Kwaku Amoako, Godsway Solomon Attepor, George Darko Brown, Benjamin Fenu, Philemon Kwame Kumassah, David Olatayo Olayiwola, Theodore Wordui, Nelson Agboadoh, Fatao Abubakari, Cletus Ballu, Charles Gyamfi Barimah, Guy Casskey Boateng, Prosper Tonwisi Luri, Abraham Titigah, Frank Owusu, Raphael Adu-Brobbey, Abdul-Hamid Labaran, Junior Atta Owusu, Vivian Adobea, Amos Bennin, Fred Dankwah, Stanley Doe, Ruth Sarfo Kantanka, Ephraim Kobby, Kennedy Kofi Korankye Hanson Larnyor, Edwin Osei, Prince Yeboah Owusu, Clement Ayum Sie-Broni, Marshall Zume, Francis Atindaana Abantanga, Darling Ramatu Abdulai, Daniel Kwesi Acquah, Emmanuel Ayingayure, Imoro Osman, Sheba Kunfah, Gbana Limann, Shamudeen Alhassan Mohammed, Sheriff Mohammed, Yakubu Musah, Emmanuel Abem Owusu, Abdul-Hafiz Saba, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang Yenli, Arun Gautham, Alice Hepzibah, Grace Mary, Dimple Bhatti, Karan Bir, Tapasya Dhar, Sunita Goyal, Goyal Ankush, Monika Hans, Parvez Haque, Samuel Konda, Anil Luther, Shalini Makkar, Kavita Mandrelle, Partho Mukherjee, Reuben Rajappa, Ravinder Thind, Alen Thomas, Arti Tuli, Sreejith Veetil, Esther Daniel Mark Jesudason, K Priyadarshini, Latha Madankumar, Rohin Mittal, Ida Nagomy, Rajesh Selvakumar, Bharat Shankar, Moonish Sivakumar, Rajeevan Sridhar, Devabalan Titus, Manisha Aggarwal, Parth Dhamija, Vinoth Kanna, Ashwani Kumar, Gurtaj Singh, Josy Thomas, Amos Dasari, Priya Jacob, Elizabeth Kurien, Arpit Mathew, Danita Prakash, Anju Susan, Rose Varghese, Rahul Alpheus, Ashish Choudhrie, Nitin Peters, Subrat Raul, Rakesh Vakil, Wenceslao Ángeles Bueno, Francisco Barbosa Camacho, Aldo Bernal Hernández, Ana Bogurin Arellano, Edgar Cortes Torres, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Erick González García de Rojas, Alejandro González Ojeda, Bertha Guzmán Ramírez, Michel Hernández Valadez, Diego Luna Acevedo, Rubén Morán Galaviz, Oscar Olvera Flores, José Pérez Navarro, Kevin Pintor Belmontes, Fernando Ramirez Marbello, Luis Ramírez-González, Laura Reyes Aguirre, Ramona Rojas García, Eduardo Valtierra Robles, Reyes Cervantes Ortiz, Gonzalo Hernandez Gonzalez, Rosa Hernandez Krauss, Luis Hernández Miguelena, Marco Hurtado Romero, Isaac Baltazar Gomez, Celina Cuellar Aguirre, Alejandro Cuevas Avendaño, Luis Dominguez Sansores, Hector Ortiz Mejia, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez del Campo, Claudia Caballero Cerdan, David Dominguez Solano, Rafael Toriz Garcia, Mariana Barreto Gallo, Ana Cortes Flores, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Monica Jimenez Velasco, Rozana Reyes Gamez, Roque Lincona Menindez, Alberto Navarrete Peón, Irani Durán Sánchez, Diana Gonzalez Vazquez, Maria Martínez Lara, Laura Martinez Perez Maldonado, Alejandra Nayen Sainz de la Fuente, Antonio Ramos De la Medina, Khadija Ado, Mohammed Aliyu, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Mahmoud Magashi, Abubakar Muhammad, Saminu Muhammad, Bello Muideen, Idris Takai, Onyekachi Ukata, Opeoluwa Adesanya, David Awonuga, Olushola Fasiku, Chidiebere Ogo, Moruf Abdulsalam, Abimbola Adeniran, Grace Eke, Esther Momson, Francisca Nwaenyi, Olufunmilade Omisanjo, Yusuf Oshodi, Yemisi Oyewole, Omotade Salami, Omolara Williams, Victoria Adeleye, Opeyemi Akinajo, David Akinboyewa, Iyabo Alasi, Oluwole Atoyebi, Olanrewaju Balogun, Orimisan Belie, Andrew Ekwesianya, Francis Ezenwankwo, Adesola Jimoh, Jubril Kuku, Oluwaseun Ladipo- Ajayi, Ayomide Makanjuola, Olayanju Mokwenyei, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Ojewola, Abraham Oladimeji, Thomas Olajide, Oluwaseun Oluseye, Aloy Ugwu, Ochomma Egwuonwu, Okechukwu Ekwunife, Victor Modekwe, Chukwuemeka Okoro, Chisom Uche, Kenneth Ugwuanyi, Chuka Ugwunne, Akeem Adeleke, Wilson Adenikinju, Akinfolarin Adepiti, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdulhafiz Adesunkanmi, Adewale Adisa, Samuel Ajekwu, Olusegun Ajenjfuja, Jerrie Akindojutimi, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Olusegun Alatise, Olubukola Allen, Micheal Archibong, Olukayode Arowolo, Deborah Ayantona, Ademola Ayinde, Olusegun Badejoko, Tajudeen Badmus, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Emeka Igbodike, Omotade Ijarotimi, Adedayo Lawal, Fayowole Nana, Tunde Oduanafolabi, Olaniyi Olayemi, Stephen Omitinde, Owolabi Oni, Chigozie Onyeze, Ernest Orji, Adewale Rotimi, Abdulkadir Salako, Olufemi Solaja, Oluwaseun Sowemimo, Ademola Talabi, Mohammed Tajudeen, Francis Adebayo, Oseremen Aisuodionoe- Shadrach, Lazarus Ameh, Ndubuisi Mbajiekwe, Felix Ogbo, Samson Olori, Samuel Sani Abu Sadiq, Nancy Tabuanu, Martins Uanikhoba, Godwin Chiejina, Ekpo Edet, Mary Isa, Faith Iseh, Adams Marwa, Sunday Ogbeche, Edima Olory, Gabriel Udie, Joseph Udosen, Usang Usang, Olukayode Abayomi, Rukiyat Abdus-Salam, Sikiru Adebayo, Olanrewaju Amusat, Kelvin Egbuchulem, Hyginus Ekwuazi, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Lawal, Solomon Olagunju, Peter Osuala, Bamidele Suleman, Augustine Takure, Lukman Abdur-Rahman, Nurudeen Adeleke, Muideen Adesola, Rafiat Afolabi, Sulaiman Agodirin, Isiaka Aremu, Jibril Bello, Saheed Lawal, Abdulwahab Lawal, Hadijat Raji, Olayinka Sayomi, Asimiyu Shittu, Jude Ede, Sebastian Ekenze, Vincent Enemuo, Matthew Eze, Uchechukwu Ezomike, Emmanuel Izuka, Okezie Mbadiwe, Ngozi Mbah, Uba Ezinne, Iweha Ikechukwu, Okoi Nnyonno, Philemon Okoro, Igwe Patrick, Oriji Vaduneme, Abhulimen Victor, Salathiel Kanyarukiko, Francine Mukaneza, Deborah Mukantibaziyaremye, Aphrodis Munyaneza, Gibert Ndegamiye, Ronald Tubasiime, Moses Dusabe, Emelyne Izabiriza, Hope Lydia Maniraguha, Christophe Mpirimbanyi, Josiane Mutuyimana, Olivier Mwenedata, Francine Uwizeyimana, Job Zirikana, Aime Dieudonne Hirwa, Elysee Kabanda, Salomee Mbonimpaye, Christine Mukakomite, Piolette Muroruhirwe, Georges Bucyibaruta, Gisele Juru Bunogerane, Sosthene Habumuremyi, Jean de Dieu Haragirimana, Alphonsine Imanishimwe, Violette Mukanyange, Emmanuel Munyaneza, Emmanuel Mutabazi, Isaie Ncogoza, Jeannette Nyirahabimana, Mary Augusta Adams, Richard Crawford, Chikwendu Jeffrey Ede, Maria Fourtounas, Morapedi Kwati, Mpho Nosipho Mathe, Ncamsile Anthea Nhlabathi, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe Nxumalo, Paddy Pattinson, Nnosa Sentholang, Mmule Evelyn Sethoana, Maria Elizabeth Stassen, Laura Thornley, Cheryl Birtles, Mathete Ivy, Cynthia Mbavhalelo, Zain Ally, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Maria Picciochi, Michael Bahrami-Hessari, Didier Ahogni Benin, Aristide Ahounou, K. Alassan Boukari, Oswald Gbehade, Thierry K Hessou, Sinama Nindopa, M.J. Bienvenue Nontonwanou, Nafissatou Orou Guessou, Arouna Sambo, Sorekou Victoire Tchati, Affisatou Tchogo, Semevo Romaric Tobome, Parfait Yanto, Isidore Gandaho, Armel Hadonou, Simplice Hinvo, Montcho Adrien Hodonou, Sambo Bio Tamou, Marie-Claire Kouroumta, Enrif Malade, Anne stredy Mkoh Dikao, Joel Nzuwa Nsilu, Nathan Bisimwa Mitima, Cyrille Kpangon, Stephane Laurent Loupeda, Mamonde Victorin Agbangla, Sena Emmanuel Hedefoun, Thierry Mavoha, Juvenal Ngaguene, Janvier Rugendabanga, Rish Romaric Soton, Martin Totin, Mouhamed Agbadebo, Irene Akpo, Hubert Dewamon, Martin Djeto, Aissatou Hada, Monsede Hollo, Albert Houndji, Anasthasie Houndote, Sylvestre Hounsa, Expedit Kpatchassou, Hugues Yome, Mohamed Moussa Alidou, Bonheur Dossou Yovo, Robert Guinnou, Souleymane Hamadou, Nabil Moussa, Boniface Cakpo, Lolyta Etchisse, Emery Hatangimana, Moise Muhindo, Katia Sanni, Agossou Barthelemy Yevide, Hermann Agossou, Fiston Basirwa Musengo, Bill Armstrong Alia, Arnaud Alitonou, Lucien Agbanda, Julien Attinon, Marcel Gbassi, Nounagnon Rene Hounsou, Derick Esssien, Yakubu Mustapha, Kojo Nunoo-Ghartey, Luke A Aniakwo, Margarey N M Adjei, Yvonne Adofo-Asamoah, Meshach M Agyapong, Thomas Agyen, Baba A B Alhassan, Mabel P Amoako-Boateng, Josephine Ashong, Joseph K Awindaogo, Benjamin B Brimpong, Makafui S C J K Dayie, Wendy W Ghansah, Jude E Gyamfi, Vincent Kudoh, Philip Mensah, Isabella N Morkor Opandoh, Martin T Morna, Emelia Odame, Emmanuel O Ofori, Sandra Quaicoo, Elizabert M Quartson, Cynthia Teye-Topey, Makafui Yigah, Safia Yussif, Vera O Agyekum-Gyimah, Eric Agyemang, Arko Akoto- Ampaw, Temitope E Arkorful, Moses A Dokurugu, Nanabanyin Essel, Aja Ijeoma, Emmanuel L Obiri, Karen N D Quarchey, Leslie Adam-Zakariah, Aaron B Andoh, Ruby A Boateng, Atta Kusiwaa, Adeline Naah, Ato Oppon-Acquah, Benjamin A Oppong, Emma A Agbowada, Ameley Akosua, O Lawrence Dorcas Acheampong, Frank E Gyamfi, Bertina B Nyadu, Samira Abdulai, Nii A Adu-Aryee, Joachim K Amoako, Nicholas T Aperkor, Wilfred K Asman, Godsway S Attepor, Antoinette A Bediako-Bowan, George D Brown, Victor K Etwire, Benjamin S Fenu, Philemon K Kumassah, Linda A Larbi-Siaw, Josephine Nsaful, David O Olatola, Sandra E Tsatsu, Iddrisu I A Abdul-Aziz, Johnson Akunyam, Gilbert A G Anasara, Charles G Barimah, Guy C Boateng, Ponala W Kwabena, Seidu M Kwarteng, Prosper T Luri, Kennedy Ngaaso, David K D Ogudi, Collins Kyeremeh, Clement Sie-Broni, Saba Abdul-Hafiz, Daniel K Acquah, Shamsudeen M Adams, Mohammed S Alhassan, Munira Amadu, Samuel A Asirifi, Martin Awe, Millicent Azanlerigu, Mathias K Dery, Yenli Edwin, Abantanga Atindaana Francis, Aloysius Maalekuu, Hawa Malechi, Ibrahim Mohammed, Kareem Mumuni, Bernard A Ofori, Jonathan I K Quansah, Napoleon Bellua Sam, Anwar S Seidu, Shekira Yahaya, Emmanuel Kojo Acquah, Jaabir Alhassan, Christian L Coompson, Addo K Gyambibi, Ametepe Jeffery-Felix, Bismark E Kontor, Gifty Naah, Carmen Noufuentes, Abraham Sakyi, Ramkaran Chaudhary, Sanjeev Misra, Dharma R Poonia, Kirti K Rathod, Mahaveer S Rodha, Nivedita Sharma, Subhash C Soni, Vaibhav K Varsheney, Jeevan R Vishnoi, Deepak K Garnaik, Manoj J Lokavarapu, Rohit Ranjan, Rajkumar K Seenivasagam, Shanky Singh, Raunak Verma, Suzan John, Jeffery A Kalyanapu, Ananta Kutma, Sanish Philips, Arun K Gautham, Deepak S Singh, Eunice S Abraham, Chetana Chetana, Prashant Dummala, Chinta S Gold, Jurgen Jacob, Jeremiah N Joseph, Elizabeth N Kurien, Priya Mary, Arpit J Mathew, Amy E Mathew, Danita D Prakash, Ashwin Sukumar, Niyah Syam, Alisha Bhatt, Dhruva N Ghosh, Ankush Goyal, Monika A Hans, Jyoti Jyoti, Karan Kumar, Vivin Daniel Sam, Ravinder Singh Thind, Sreejith K Veetil, Rahul Williams, D Sreekar, Esther R Daniel, Smitha E Jacob, Mark R Jesudason, Pushplatha Kumari, Soosan Prasad, Srujan Sharma, Moonish V Sivakumar, Paul Trinity, Sudheer Kanchodu, K Leshiini, Sundeep S Saluja, Ashok K Attri, Ishan Bansal, Monika Gureh, Simran Kapoor, Harmanjot Kaur, Simrandeep Singh, Viju John, Nivesh Agrawal, Uttkarsh Kumar, S Abhishek, Vikram Sehrawat, Gaurav Thami, Stanley Mathew, P S Prabhu, P T Sundeep, Shiv Rajan, Mohit Singh, Abhilasha Tripathi, Philip V Alexander, A Vijay, Moloti Kichu* Ismavel, Carolin V Solomi, Rahul A Alpheus, Ashish Victor Choudhrie, Rashmi Jacob Gunny, Susan Joseph, Nitin J Peters, Neha Pundir, Ram Samujh, Hafsa I Ahmed, Gowhar Aziz, Nisar A Chowdri, Rayees A Dar, Robindera Kour, Imtiyaz Mantoo, Asif Mehraj, Fazl Q Parray, Najmus Saqib, Zamir A Shah, Rauf A Wani, Komal Rautela, Nishu Singh, Priyanka Chowdhury, Sona Chowdhury, Pragyanmai Nayak, Bipradas Roy, Andrea S Alvarez Villaseñor, Kriscia V Ascencio Díaz, Victor J Avalos Herrera, Francisco J Barbosa, Elyoenai Bonilla Ahumada, Irma V Brancaccio, Miguel A Calderón, Guadalupe Castillo Cardiel, Guillermo A Cervantes, Gabino Cervantes Guevara, Enrique Cervantes Perez, Maria Chávez, Jonathan M Chejfec, Luis R Cifuentes, Ana O Cortés, Edgar J Cortes, Tania A Cueto, Andrea E Cueto, Esteban Cueva Martinez, Paulina Domínguez Barradas, Isaac Esparza Estrada, Paola Flores Becerril, Luis A García, Benjamín García Reyna, Eduardo Gómez Sánchez, Jaime L González, Eduardo González Espinoza, Fanny Y González, Cristhian S Guerrero, José A Guzmán, Bertha G Guzmán, Mario J Guzmán, DanielA Hérnandez Alva, SilviaA Ibarra Camargo, JuanC Ibarrola Peña, Martin Islas Torres, Jorge Jiménez Tornero, ZayraM Lara Pérez, Roberto Mares País, MelP Mellado Tellez, RobertoC Miranda Ackerman, Damián Mora Santana, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Rodrigo Nájar Hinojosa, Cesar Nuño Escobar, Itzel Ochoa Rodríguez, Angelica Ortega Barreiro, Jacqueline Osuna Rubio, Luis RPacheco Vallejo, VíctorH Pérez Bocanegra, JoseV Pérez Navarro, Francisco JPlascencia Posada, MaríaA Quirarte Hernández, LuisR Ramirez Gonzalez, Emilio AReyes Elizalde, EveliaV Romo Ascencio, Cornelio Ruelas Bravo, CarlosB Ruiz Velasco, JoséA Sánchez Martínez, Guillermo Sanchez Villaseñor, JoséI Sandoval Pulido, AlejandroG Serrano García, LuisO Suárez Carreón, JuanJ Tijerina Ávila, JesusO Vega Gastelum, MelissaL Vicencio Ramirez, MariaF Zarate Casas, CarlosJ Zuloaga, Fernández del Valle, JesusAntonion Aguilar Mata, MiguelAntonio Calderon Vanegas, RocioGuadalupe Cano Arias, Carlos Colunga Tinajero, Fernanda Diaz Samano, Fernando Duque Zepeda, BrendaVanessa Enriquez Barajas, Gerardo Gallardo Banuelos, MarijoseDe CristoGonzalez Calvillo, Francisco Ibanez Ortiz, Maryzela Lazo Ramirez, Gerardo Lopez Arroyo, LauraOlivia Montano Angeles, DavidGiovannyI Morales Iriarte, AngeloFernando Mortola Lomeli, Jose EstebanOrozco Navarro, Jaime Orozco Perez, Damaris Orozco Ramirez, LauraGabriela Pena Baolboa, Jesus Pizarro Lozano, Guillermo Yanowsky Reyes, Monica N Castillo, Ana CamilleG Dominguez, Dorihela H Mellado, Jesus FlavioM Morales, Luzdel CarmenM Namur, Jose AlbertoA Pesquera, LauraMartinez Perez Maldonado, Antonio RamosDe laMedina, Katya Bozada-Gutierrez, AnaFlorencia Casado-Zarate, Roberto Delano-Alonso, Jose Herrera-Esquivel, Mucio Moreno-Portillo, Mario Trejo-Avila, Roland Kevin CethorthFonseca, Edgard Efren LozadaHernandez, Bruno Crocco Quiros, JairoArturo Rodriguez Ramirez, Gabriela Ambriz-González, MitziR Becerra Moscoso, Ishtar Cabrera-Lozano, AnaB Calderón-Alvarado, FranciscoJ León-Frutos, ErickE Villanueva-Martínez, Aisha Abdullahi, Maimuna Abubakar, MohammedS Aliyu, Mudi Awaisu, Fadimatu Bakari, Abigail Olajumoke Balogun, Ahmad Bello, Kehinde Michael Duromola, Stephen G Gana, Mukoro Duke George, Justina Gimba, Isaac Gundu, Lambert Onahi Iji, Aminat O Jimoh, Afolabi K Koledade, Ahmad T Lawal, Bilkisu K Lawal, Stanley Emeka Nwabuoku, Oluseyi O Ogunsua, Ifeanyi Fidelis Okafor, Ethos Ike Okorie, Nasir Oyelowo, Ibrahim A Saidu, Tunde T Sholadoye, Ibrahim Sufyan, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Aliyu Muhammad Tukur, Ahmad Shehu Umar, Aminatu M Umar, Hajara Umaru-Sule, Mohammed Usman, Alfa Yakubu, Salisu Abeku Yusuf, Abdulhafiz A Abdulkarim, Lawal Barau Abdullahi, Khadija A Ado, Nura U Aliyu, Lofty-John Chukwuemeka Anyanwu, Sulaiman M Daneji, Mahmoud Kawu Magashi, Mohammad A Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Saminu S Muhammad, Bello Abodunde Muideen, Calistus U Nwachukwu, Suleiman B Sallau, Abdulrahman A Sheshe, Abdulmajeed Soladoye, Idris Usman Takai, Garzali I Umar, Abubakar Yahaya, Lubabatu Abdulrasheed, Joel A Adze, Lydia R Airede, Bashiru Aminu, Stephen B Bature, Firdaws Bello-Tukur, Damai Chinyio, SharonA N Duniya, Moses C Galadima, Babatunde K Hamza, Samaila Joshua, Stephen A Kache, Williams Y Kagomi, Ifeanyi A Kene, Jamila Lawal, Jerry G Makama, Caleb Mohammed, Amina A Mohammed-Durosinlorun, Deborah Nuwam, Abdulrasheed Sani, Salome Tabara, Mathew C Taingson, Emmanuel Usam, Josiah Yakubu, Folasade Adegoke, Oluwasuyi Ige, Tunde A Odunafolabi, Chukwuma E Okereke, Oluwafemi O Oladele, Oluwaseun H Olaleye, Oyetunde O Olubayo, Olukayode P Abiola, Henry O Abiyere, Idowu O Adebara, GbadeboT C Adeleye, Adebayo A Adeniyi, Olumide E Adewara, Olabisi T Adeyemo, Ademola A Adeyeye, Abimbola L Ariyibi, Babatunde S Awoyinka, Olumide M Ayankunle, Olakunle F Babalola, Adewumi Bakare, TajudeenI B Bakare, Oluseyi O Banjo, Peter A Egharevba, Oluwafemi S Fatudimu, John A Obateru, Oluremi J Odesanya, Owolabi D Ojo, Abiodun I Okunlola, Cecilia K Okunlola, Adewale T Olajide, Tesleem O Orewole, Adedayo I Salawu, Moruf A Abdulsalam, Aderinsola T Adelaja, Olalekan T Ajai, Noble Anyanwu, Kazeem M Atobatele, Oludayo Oluwaseyi Bakare, Omolara M Faboya, Francisca C Nwaenyi, Ayokunle A Ogunyemi, Mobolaji A Oludara, Olufunmilade A Omisanjo, Chinonso U Onyeka, Olabode A Oshodi, Yusuf A Oshodi, Omotade S Salami, Omolara M Williams, Esther Abunimye, Adebunmi Adeoluwa, Adedotun Adesiyakan, Victoria Ibukunoluwa Adeyeye, Moses Vincent Agbulu, David O Akinboyewa, Iyabo O Alasi, Michael Amao, Christiana Ashley-Osuzoka, Oluwole A Atoyebi, Olanrewaju S Balogun, Maryam Oluwatobi Busari, Nnamdi Jonathan Duru, Glory Bassey Edet, Olumide A Elebute, Francis Chinonso Ezenwankwo, Adedeji L Fatuga, Christianah Gbenga-Oke, Emmanuel Sylvester Inyang, Adesola I Jimoh, Jubril Oladayo Kuku, OluwaseunA Ladipo-Ajayi, Abdulrazzaq O Lawal, Christian Chigoze Makwe, Chinelo Victoria Mgbemena, Samuel U Nwokocha, Moses Adebisi Ogunjimi, Ephraim Okwudiri Ohazurike, Rufus W Ojewola, Moyosoluwa Eunice Badedale, Chike J Okeke, Adeyemi A Okunowo, Abraham T Oladimeji, Thomas O Olajide, Olabisi Olanrewaju, Olawunmi Olayioye, Oluwaseun O Oluseye, Stephen Olutola, Kenneth Onyekachi, Adeola Ayoola Orowale, Emili Osariemen, Adedapo Olumide Osinowo, Emmanuel Owie, Christianah Bidemi Oyegbola, Justina OSeyi-Olajide, AdaiahP Soibi-Harry, Manuella Talla Timo, Aloy Okechukwu Ugwu, Emmanuel Ojo Williams, Innocent O Duruewuru, Ochonma A Egwuonwu, Okechukwu Hyginus Ekwunife, James J Emeka, Chimdiebele Daisy Nwosu, Sylvester O Obiechina, Ahuizechukwu E Obiesie, Celestine I Okafor, Theophilus O Okonoboh, Odili A Okoye, Onyekachi A Onu, Chukwudubem C Onyejiaka, Chisom Faith Uche, JosephO Ugboajah, Akeem A Adeleke, Akinfolarin C Adepiti, Adewale A Aderounmu, Abdulhafiz O Adesunkanmi, Adewale O Adisa, Samuel C Ajekwu, Olusegun K Ajenifuja, Olusegun I Alatise, Tajudeen A Badmus, Tajudeen O Mohammed, Abdulkadir A Salako, Oludayo A Sowande, Ademola O Talabi, Funmilola O Wuraola, Paul Aderemi Adegoke, Abidemi Akinloye, Ayodeji Akinniyi, Joseph Ejimogu, Ideyonbe Samuel Eseile, Olakayode Olaolu Ogundoyin, Amos Okedare, Dare Isaac Olulana, Omolara Omotola, Francis Sanwo, Collins C Adumah, Adewale O Ajagbe, Olugbenga P Akintunde, Opeyemi Q Asafa, Kehinde Awodele, Amogu K Eziyi, Adeniyi O Fasanu, Olufemi O Ojewuyi, Abiodun R Ojewuyi, Abisola E Oyedele, Oluwaseun A Taiwo, Habiba I Abdullahi, Nathaniel D Adewole, Teddy E Agida, Eunice E Ailunia, Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Godwin O Akaba, Janet Alfred, Terkaa Atim, Kehinde G Bawa, John Y Chinda, Esther B Daluk, Sefiu B Eniola, Augusta O Ezenwa, Stephen E Garba, Philip M Mshelbwala, Ngozi O Ndukwe, Idoko P Ogolekwu, Alexander A Ohemu, Samuel A Sani, Salisu Suleiman, Helen Sunday, Nancy O Tabuanu, Aminu M Umar, Peter I Agbonrofo, Alexander I Arekhandia, Morrison E Edena, Raymond A Eghonghon, Joel E Enaholo, Genesis Ida, Stanley N Ideh, Oseihie I Iribhogbe, Omorodion O Irowa, Maradona E Isikhuemen, Oluwatomi R Odutola, Kester O Okoduwa, Scott O Omorogbe, David Oruade, Osasumwen T Osagie, Osarenkhoe Osemwegie, RukiyatA Abdus-Salam, Sikiru Adekola Adebayo, Oluwasanmi A Ajagbe, Gboyega Ajibola, Kelvin I Egbuchulem, Hyginus O Ekwuazi, Adegbolahan Fakoya, Oluwasegun C Idowu, David O Irabor, Taiwo A Lawal, Olakayode O Ogundoyin, Oluwabukade Ojediran, Naomi Olagunju, Akinsola T Sanusi, Augustine O Takure, Lukman Olajide Abdur-Rahman, Mary Oluwadamilola Adebisi, Nurudeen Abiola Adeleke, Rafiat Tinuola Afolabi, Isiaka Ishola Aremu, Jibril Oyekunle Bello, Robiat Bello, Saheed Abolade Lawal, Adeolu Ojajuni, Sabur Oyewale, Victor Abhulimen, Patrick O Igwe, Ikechukwu Enyinnaya Iweha, Raphael E John, Nnyonno Okoi, Philemon E Okoro, Vaduneme Kingsley Oriji, Ibiene T Oweredaba, Japhet Mizero, Immaculee Mutimamwiza, Francoise Nirere, Irenee Niyongombwa, Jean Paul Majyabere, Anastase Byaruhanga, Rongin Dukuzimana, Jean Aimable Habiyakare, Marie Gloriose Nabada, Marcel Uwizeye, Mathias Ruhosha, Joselyne Igiraneza, Faustine Ingabire, Aloys Karekezi, Jean pierre Masengesho, Lydia Mukamazera, Clemence Mukangabo, Jean Paul Niyomuremyi, Gabriel Ntwari, Celestin Seneza, Divine Umuhoza, Pierrine Nyirangeri, Jean Claude Uwimana, Isaie Sibomana, Desire Rubanguka, Josine Umuhoza, Roda Uwayezu, Leoncie Uzikwambara, Herbert Butana, Moise Dusabeyezu, Athanasie Mukasine, Jean N Utumatwishima, Mediatrice Batangana, Jeande Dieu Haragirimana, AllenJ C Ingabire, Espoir Mwungura, Dancilla Nyirasebura, Christian Jean Urimubabo, Anaclet Dusabimana, Sam Kanyesigye, Robert Munyaneza, Jean Yves Shyirakera, Aimee Domingo, Philip Munda, Chido Nyatsambo, Victor Ojo, Rudo Pswarayi, and Soeren Laurberg
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published: 2024
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2. Microbiology testing capacity and antimicrobial drug resistance in surgical-site infections: a post-hoc, prospective, secondary analysis of the FALCON randomised trial in seven low-income and middle-income countries

Author: Aboderin, Aaron Oladipo, Amfoabegyi, Solomon, Awopeju, Abimbola Temitayo, Bahrami-Hessari, Michael, Garchie, Emmanuel Isaac Acquah, Gill, Martin, Karikari, Akosua, Kirby, Andrew, Makanjuola, Olufunmilola, Mutiu, Bamidele, Offiong, Anthony Bassey, Oshun, Philip Olayiwola, Osumanu, Hisham Alhassan, Owusu-Ofori, Alex, Varghese, Shereen Rachel, Adam-Zakariah, Leslie Issa, Adebanjo, Ademola Tolulope, Aguirre, Celina Cuellar, Akoto, Erica, Aminu, Aliyu, Armah, Ralph, Aruldas, Neerav David, Choudhrie, Ashish V, Coompson, Christian Larbi, Ekwunife, Okechukwu Hyginus, Fourtounas, Maria, Lawani, Souliath, Mathew, Arpit Jacob, Patel, Akhil, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Hardy, Pollyanna, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Sodonougbo, Pierre, Behanzin, Hulrich, Kangni, Sosthène, Agboton, Gérard, Adagrah, Luke Aniakwo, Adjei-Acquah, Esther, Acquah, Ato Oppong, Ankomah, James, Acquah, Regina, Addo, Kwame Gyambibi, Acheampong, Dorcas Otuo, Adu-Aryee, Nii Armah, Abubakari, Fatao, Titigah, Abraham, Owusu, Frank, Adu-Brobbey, Raphael, Adobea, Vivian, Abantanga, Francis Atindaana, Gautham, Arun, Bhatti, Dimple, Jesudason, Esther Daniel Mark, Aggarwal, Manisha, Alexander, Philip, Dasari, Amos, Alpheus, Rahul, Kumar, Hemanth, Raul, Subrat, Bueno, Wenceslao Ángeles, Ortiz, Reyes Cervantes, Gomez, Isaac Baltazar, Cerdan, Claudia Caballero, Gallo, Mariana Barreto, Gamez, Rozana Reyes, Sánchez, Irani Durán, Abdullahi, Lawal, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Abdulsalam, Moruf, Adeleye, Victoria, Egwuonwu, Ochomma, Adeleke, Akeem, Adebayo, Francis, Chiejina, Godwin, Abayomi, Olukayode, Abdur-Rahman, Lukman, Ede, Jude, Ezinne, Uba, Kanyarukiko, Salathiel, Dusabe, Moses, Hirwa, Aime Dieudonne, Bucyibaruta, Georges, Adams, Mary Augusta, Birtles, Cheryl, Ally, Zain, Adewunmi, Abdus-sami, Cook, Jonathan, Brown, Julia, Adisa, Adewale O, Ismail, Lawani, Bhangu, Aneel, Omar, Omar, Simoes, Joana FF, Li, Elizabeth, Chaudhry, Daoud, Saeed, Samerah, Spurring, Eleanor Margaret, Verjee, Azmina, Assouto, Pamphile, Seto, Djifid Morel, Kpangon, Cyrile, Ahossi, Rene, Alhassan, Bin Baaba Alhaji, Agyekum, Vera, Assah-Adjei, Frank, Asare, Christopher, Amoako, James, Akosa, Enoch Appiah, Acquaye, Jane, Adjei, Faisal, Ballu, Cletus, Bennin, Amos, Abdulai, Darling Ramatu, Hepzibah, Alice, Bhatti, William, Paul, Priyadarshini K, Dhamija, Parth, Thomas, Josy, Jacob, Priya, Choudhrie, Ashish, Peters, Nitin, Sharma, Rajeev, Camacho, Francisco Barbosa, Gonzalez, Gonzalo Hernandez, Solano, David Dominguez, Flores, Ana Cortes, Menindez, Roque Lincona, Vazquez, Diana Gonzalez, Ado, Khadija, Awonuga, David, Adeniran, Abimbola, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Ekwunife, Okechukwu, Adenikinju, Wilson, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen, Edet, Ekpo, Abdus-Salam, Rukiyat, Adeleke, Nurudeen, Ekenze, Sebastian, Francis, Matthew, Mukaneza, Francine, Izabiriza, Emelyne, Kabanda, Elysee, Bunogerane, Gisele Juru, Crawford, Richard, Ivy, Mathete, Jayne, David, Cousens, Simon, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Ghosh, Dhruva, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, Brant, Felicity, Fiogbe, Michel, Tandje, Yannick, Akpla, Marcelin, Ngabo, Raoul Baderha, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel Pokuah, Agyemang, Eric, Asabre, Esther, Boakye, Anthony Appiah, Gakpetor, Delali Akosua, Appiah, Akosua Dwamena, Boakye, Percy, Adinku, Michael, Barimah, Charles Gyamfi, Labaran, Abdul-Hamid, Dankwah, Fred, Acquah, Daniel Kwesi, Mary, Grace, Bir, Karan, Madankumar, Latha, Gupta, Himani, Zechariah, Pradeep, Kurien, Elizabeth, Vakil, Rakesh, Hernández, Aldo Bernal, Krauss, Rosa Hernandez, Avendaño, Alejandro Cuevas, Garcia, Rafael Toriz, Ojeda, Alejandro Gonzalez, Peón, Alberto Navarrete, Lara, Maria Martínez, Aliyu, Mohammed, Fasiku, Olushola, Ajai, Olalekan, Adeniyi, Oluwafunmilayo, Modekwe, Victor, Adeniyi, Olumide, Akaba, Godwin, Inyang, Akan, Adebayo, Sikiru, Adesola, Muideen, Enemuo, Vincent, Ikechukwu, Iweha, Mukantibaziyaremye, Deborah, Maniraguha, Hope Lydia, Mbonimpaye, Salomee, Habumuremyi, Sosthene, Ede, Chikwendu Jeffrey, Mbavhalelo, Cynthia, Laurberg, Soren, Smart, Neil, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos, Brocklehurst, Peter, Koco, Houenoukpo, Chobli, Hugues Herve, Bisimwa, Nathan, Appiah, Anthony Baffour, Akesseh, Rebecca Adjeibah, Boateng, Ruby Acheampong, Fosu, Godfred, Gawu, Victoria Sena, Aseti, Mark, Agbedinu, Kwabena, Ametefe, Elikem, Boateng, Guy Casskey, Owusu, Junior Atta, Doe, Stanley, Ayingayure, Emmanuel, Singh, Deepak, Daniel, Swati, Mittal, Rohin, Kanna, Vinoth, Mathew, Arpit, Arellano, Ana Bogurin, Miguelena, Luis Hernández, Sansores, Luis Dominguez, Velasco, Monica Jimenez, Muñoz, Maria Paz, Perez-Maldonado, Laura Martinez, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Ogo, Chidiebere, Akande, Olukemi, Akinajo, Opeyemi, Okoro, Chukwuemeka, Adepiti, Akinfolarin, Ameh, Lazarus, Isa, Mary, Ajao, Akinlabi, Afolabi, Rafiat, Eze, Matthew, Nnyonno, Okoi, Munyaneza, Aphrodis, Mpirimbanyi, Christophe, Mukakomite, Christine, Haragirimana, Jean de Dieu, Moore, Rachel, Metchinhoungbe, Serge, Kovohouande, Blaise, Kandokponou, Covalic Melic Bokossa, Asante-Asamani, Alvin, Amponsah-Manu, Forster, Koomson, Barbara, Serbeh, Godwin, Obbeng, Ambe, Banka, Charles, Gyamfi, Brian, Agbeko, Anita Eseenam, Amoako, Joachim Kwaku, Luri, Prosper Tonwisi, Kantanka, Ruth Sarfo, Osman, Imoro, Dhar, Tapasya, Nagomy, Ida, Kumar, Ashwani, Prakash, Danita, Torres, Edgar Cortes, Romero, Marco Hurtado, Mejia, Hector Ortiz, de la Fuente, Alejandra Nayen Sainz, Magashi, Mahmoud, Atobatele, Kazeem, Akinboyewa, David, Uche, Chisom, Aderounmu, Adewale, Mbajiekwe, Ndubuisi, Iseh, Faith, Amusat, Olanrewaju, Agodirin, Sulaiman, Ezomike, Uchechukwu, Okoro, Philemon, Ndegamiye, Gibert, Mutuyimana, Josiane, Muroruhirwe, Piolette, Imanishimwe, Alphonsine, Hyman, Gabriella, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Sogbo, Hodonou, Dokponou, Mireille, Boakye, Benedict, Ofosu-Akromah, Richard, Kusiwaa, Ataa, Gyan, Kofi Yeboah, Ofosuhene, Doris, Dadzie, Samuel, Kontor, Bismark Effah, Amankwa, Emmanuel Gyimah, Attepor, Godsway Solomon, Kobby, Ephraim, Kunfah, Sheba, Dhiman, Jyoti, Selvakumar, Rajesh, Singh, Gurtaj, Susan, Anju, Orozco, Clotilde Fuentes, del Campo, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos De, Muhammad, Abubakar, Eke, Grace, Alasi, Iyabo, Ugwuanyi, Kenneth, Adesunkanmi, Abdulhafiz, Ogbo, Felix, Marwa, Adams, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Aremu, Isiaka, Izuka, Emmanuel, Patrick, Igwe, Tubasiime, Ronald, Mwenedata, Olivier, Ingabire, JC Allen, Khan, Zafar, Harrison, Ewen, Tabiri, Stephen, Glasbey, James, Dossou, Francis Moïse, Debrah, Samuel A, Enti, Donald, Twerefour, Emmanuel Yaw, Nyarko, Isaac Omane, Osei-Poku, Dorcas, Essien, Derick, Kyeremeh, Christian, Amoah, Michael, Brown, George Darko, Larnyor, Kennedy Kofi Korankye-Hanson, Limann, Gbana, Shankar, Bharat, Varghese, Rose, de Rojas, Erick González García, Muhammad, Saminu, Faboya, Omolara, Alakaloko, Felix, Ugwunne, Chuka, Adisa, Adewale, Olori, Samson, Ogbeche, Sunday, Egbuchulem, Kelvin, Bello, Jibril, Mbadiwe, Okezie, Raphael, John, Rwagahirima, Elisee, Mukanyange, Violette, Kwati, Morapedi, Dzemta, Corinne, Ganiyu, Rahman Adebisi, Robertson, Zelda, Puozaa, Diana, Manu, Ruth, Amoah, George, Fenu, Benjamin, Osei, Edwin, Mohammed, Shamudeen Alhassan, Goyal, Sunita, Sivakumar, Moonish, Muideen, Bello, Imam, Zainab, Atoyebi, Oluwole, Ajekwu, Samuel, Osagie, Olabisi, Olory, Edima, Ekwuazi, Hyginus, Lawal, Saheed, Mbah, Ngozi, Vaduneme, Oriji, Uwizeyimana, Francine, Munyaneza, Emmanuel, Mathe, Mpho Nosipho, Haque, Parvez D, Gaou, Antoine, Koggoh, Patience, Tackie, Enoch, Hussey, Romeo, Mensah, Elijah, Appiah, Juliana, Kumassah, Philemon Kwame, Owusu, Prince Yeboah, Mohammed, Sheriff, Goyal, Ankush, Sridhar, Rajeevan, Ramírez, Bertha Guzmán, Takai, Idris, Momson, Esther, Balogun, Olanrewaju, Ajenjfuja, Olusegun, Sadiq, Abu, Udie, Gabriel, Elemile, Peter, Lawal, Abdulwahab, Victor, Abhulimen, Zirikana, Job, Mutabazi, Emmanuel, Heritage, Emily, Goudou, Roland, Kpankpari, Richard, Temitope, Arkorful Ebenezer, Kwarteng, Jemima, Solae, Friko Ibrahim, Arthur, Joshua, Olayiwola, David Olatayo, Sie-Broni, Clement Ayum, Musah, Yakubu, Thomas, Cecil, Valadez, Michel Hernández Valadez, Ukata, Onyekachi, Nwaenyi, Francisca, Belie, Orimisan, Akindojutimi, Jerrie, Sani, Samuel, Udosen, Joseph, Lawal, Taiwo, Raji, Hadijat, Ncogoza, Isaie, Nhlabathi, Ncamsile Anthea, Hedefoun, Emmanuel, Opandoh, Isabella Naa M., Sowah, Naa Anyekaa, Toffah, Gideon Kwasi, Ayim, Alex, Wordui, Theodore, Zume, Marshall, Ofori, Bernard, Hans, Monika, Titus, Devabalan, Acevedo, Diego Luna, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Bode, Christopher, Akinkuolie, Akinbolaji, Tabuanu, Nancy, Usang, Usang, Lawal, Olatunji, Sayomi, Olayinka, Nxumalo, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe, Kroese, Karolin, Houtoukpe, Sunday, Manu, Meshach Agyemang, Yeboah, Grace, Ayodeji, Emmanuel Kafui, Agboadoh, Nelson, Owusu, Emmanuel Abem, Haque, Parvez, Galaviz, Rubén Morán, Oludara, Mobolaji, Ekwesianya, Andrew, Alatise, Olusegun, Uanikhoba, Martins, Olagunju, Solomon, Shittu, Asimiyu, Nyirahabimana, Jeannette, Pattinson, Paddy, Lillywhite, Rachel, Lapitan, Carmela, Kamga, Felix, Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku, Yeboah, Cynthia, Boakye-Yiadom, Jonathan, Saba, Abdul-Hafiz, Konda, Samuel, Flores, Oscar Olvera, Omisanjo, Olufunmilade, Elebute, Olumide, Allen, Olubukola, Osuala, Peter, Urimubabo, Christian, Sentholang, Nnosa, Kiki-Migan, Eric, Mensah, Samuel, Boateng, Edward Amoah, Seidu, Anwar Sadat, Luther, Anil, Navarro, José Pérez, Oshodi, Olabode, Ezenwankwo, Francis, Amosu, Lukmon, Suleman, Bamidele, Sethoana, Mmule Evelyn, Lissauer, David, Morna, Martin Tangnaa, Dally, Charles, Mahajan, Amit, Belmontes, Kevin Pintor, Oshodi, Yusuf, Fatuga, Adedeji, Archibong, Micheal, Takure, Augustine, Stassen, Maria Elizabeth, Magill, Laura, Lawani, Ismaïl, Nkrumah, John, Davor, Anthony, Yakubu, Mustapha, Makkar, Shalini, Marbello, Fernando Ramirez, Oyewole, Yemisi, Ihediwa, George, Arowolo, Olukayode, Thornley, Laura, Morton, Dion, Loko, René, Nortey, Michael, Gyasi-Sarpong, Christian Kofi, Yenli, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang, Mandrelle, Kavita, Ramírez-González, Luis, Salami, Omotade, Jimoh, Adesola, Ayantona, Deborah, Wondoh, Paul, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Mistry, Punam, Moutaïrou, Afissatou, Ofori, Emmanuel Owusu, Hamidu, Naabo Nuhu Noel, Michael, Vishal, Aguirre, Laura Reyes, Williams, Omolara, Kuku, Jubril, Ayinde, Ademola, Monahan, Mark, Ogouyemi, Pencome, Quartson, Elizaberth Mercy Quartson, Haruna, Iddrisu, Mukherjee, Partho, García, Ramona Rojas, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, Badejoko, Olusegun, Soumanou, Fouad, Kwarley, Naa, Rajappa, Reuben, Robles, Eduardo Valtierra, Makanjuola, Ayomide, Badmus, Tajudeen, Smith, Donna, Tamadaho, Pia, Lovi, Agbenya Kobla, Singh, Prashant, Mokwenyei, Olayanju, Etonyeaku, Amarachukwu, Zounon, Mack-Arthur, Nimako, Boateng, Suroy, Atul, Nwokocha, Samuel, Igbodike, Emeka, Nyadu, Bertina Beauty, Thind, Ravinder, Ogein, Olubunmi, Ijarotimi, Omotade, Opoku, Dominic, Thomas, Alen, Ojewola, Rufus, Lawal, Adedayo, Pinkney, Thomas, Osabutey, Anita, Tuli, Arti, Oladimeji, Abraham, Nana, Fayowole, Roberts, Tracy, Sagoe, Robert, Veetil, Sreejith, Olajide, Thomas, Oduanafolabi, Tunde, Tuffour, Samuel, Oluseye, Oluwaseun, Olasehinde, Olalekan, Tufour, Yaa, Seyi-Olajide, Justina, Olayemi, Olaniyi, Winkles, Neil, Yamoah, Francis Akwaw, Soibi-Harry, Adaiah, Omitinde, Stephen, Yefieye, Abiboye Cheduko, Ugwu, Aloy, Oni, Owolabi, Yorke, Joseph, Williams, Emmanuel, Onyeze, Chigozie, Orji, Ernest, Rotimi, Adewale, Salako, Abdulkadir, Solaja, Olufemi, Sowemimo, Oluwaseun, Talabi, Ademola, Tajudeen, Mohammed, and Wuraola, Funmilola
Published: 2024
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3. Harnessing Porphyrin Accumulation in Liver Cancer: Combining Genomic Data and Drug Targeting

Author: Swamy R. Adapa, Pravin Meshram, Abdus Sami, and Rays H. Y. Jiang
Subjects: heme, porphyrin, protoporphyrin IX, liver, P450, metabolism, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: The liver, a pivotal organ in human metabolism, serves as a primary site for heme biosynthesis, alongside bone marrow. Maintaining precise control over heme production is paramount in healthy livers to meet high metabolic demands while averting potential toxicity from intermediate metabolites, notably protoporphyrin IX. Intriguingly, our recent research uncovers a disrupted heme biosynthesis process termed ‘porphyrin overdrive’ in cancers that fosters the accumulation of heme intermediates, potentially bolstering tumor survival. Here, we investigate heme and porphyrin metabolism in both healthy and oncogenic human livers, utilizing primary human liver transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). Our investigations unveil robust gene expression patterns in heme biosynthesis in healthy livers, supporting electron transport chain (ETC) and cytochrome P450 function without intermediate accumulation. Conversely, liver cancers exhibit rewired heme biosynthesis and a massive downregulation of cytochrome P450 gene expression. Notably, despite diminished drug metabolism, gene expression analysis shows that heme supply to the ETC remains largely unaltered or even elevated with patient cancer progression, suggesting a metabolic priority shift. Liver cancers selectively accumulate intermediates, which are absent in normal tissues, implicating their role in disease advancement as inferred by expression analysis. Furthermore, our findings in genomics establish a link between the aberrant gene expression of porphyrin metabolism and inferior overall survival in aggressive cancers, indicating potential targets for clinical therapy development. We provide in vitro proof-of-concept data on targeting porphyrin overdrive with a drug synergy strategy.
Published: 2024
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4. 'A rare unfolding of buccal fibrolipoma—A remarkable oversized benign tumor in the oral cavity'

Author: Rizwan Ahmad, Ghulam Sarwar Hashmi, Tabishur Rahman, Abdus Sami, Mohd Aswad Khan, and Jingshaihun Sungoh
Subjects: Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published: 2024
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5. Length of stay in Head and Neck Cancer surgery: An institutional protocol and experience

Author: Anshuman Kumar, Jitender Dabas, Abdus Sami, and Kalyani Singh
Subjects: Length of stay (LOS), Head and Neck Cancer (HNC), Complication, Reconstruction, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Background: Long length of stay (LOS) in Head and Neck cancer (HNC) puts the recovering patient at risk of hospital acquired infections in addition to the increased cost of treatment. There is a dire need for fabricating a treatment protocol for HNC patients which can reduce this cost and without compromising with the treatment results. In this study, the authors have presented one such protocol and their experience. Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 100 consecutive subjects operated for HNC. Parameters used in the study were the mean LOS and the complications encountered within 30 days of surgery which were divided into minor and major complications as per Clavien-Dindo system. Results: Mean LOS in loco-regional flap/primary closure cases was 3.3 days (range = 2–15 days) and in free flap reconstruction was 8.4 days (range = 4–17 days). Complications within 30-days occurred in 42 patients. Out of these, 23 were minor complications whereas 19 were major.Re-admission was required in 7/100 subjects. Rate for readmission for free flap reconstruction cases was 15.8 % (3/19) which was comparable to other studies whereas in primary closure/loco regional flap reconstruction readmission rate was 4.9 % (4/81) which was significantly lesser than other studies. Conclusion: The authors were able to achieve better outcomes in locoregional flaps/primary closure cases and comparable outcomes in free flap reconstruction in terms of post-operative complications but with a significantly lesser mean LOS.
Published: 2023
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6. Versatility of use of nasolabial flap in reconstruction of maxillofacial defects: Our experience

Author: Akash Ganguly, Md Kalim Ansari, Abdus Sami, P. Marimuthu, Sukanth Tatapudi, and Gourik Gangopadhyay
Subjects: Nasolabial flap, Reconstruction, Maxillofacial defects, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: The Nasolabial flap has been utilized for the reconstruction of oro-facial soft tissue defects. This highly efficient and technically straightforward procedure has evolved into a workhorse and essential tool for most of the oral and maxillofacial surgeons. This procedure can be carried forward using local and general anesthesia. Its main advantage is its ease of harvesting, abundant blood supply and minimal donor site morbidity.In this paper, we are going to describe different applications of nasolabial flaps for the reconstruction of defects with respect to the maxillofacial area.
Published: 2023
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7. Atrial fibrillation in UK South Asian hospitalized ischemic stroke patients: The BRAINS study.

Author: Taylor Aurelius, Gie Ken-Dror, Sapna D Sharma, Sageet Amlani, Gunaratnam Gunathilagan, David L Cohen, Chakravarthi Rajkumar, Stuart Maguire, Sissi Ispoglou, Ibrahim Balogun, Anthea Parry, Lakshmanan Sekaran, Hafiz Syed, Enas Lawrence, Ravneeta Singh, Ahamad Hassan, Chris Wharton, Khalid Javaid, Neetish Goorah, Peter Carr, Eman Abdus Sami, and Pankaj Sharma
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: IntroductionSouth Asian diaspora comprise one of the largest ethnic minority groups in the world yet data about atrial fibrillation (AF) in this demographic is understudied. Our aim is to identify differences in AF prevalence and treatment between South Asians and white British stroke patients.MethodThe UK arm of a prospective ongoing large international repository on stroke was analysed. Ethnic differences in AF prevalence and management in those with ischemic stroke were analysed.ResultsOf the 3515 individuals recruited with ischemic stroke, 1482 (men: 972, women: 510) were South Asian and 2033 (men:1141, women:892) of white British ethnicity. AF was present in 462 white British and 193 South Asians stroke patients, with South Asians displaying a lower prevalence of AF (South Asians: 13.0% vs white British 22.7%, PConclusionStroke patients of South Asian descent are at significantly lower risk of AF but more likely to be on antiplatelet treatment compared to their white British counterparts.
Published: 2023
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8. Understanding the performance of a pan-African intervention to reduce postoperative mortality: a mixed-methods process evaluation of the ASOS-2 trial

Author: Biccard, Bruce M., du Toit, Leon, Lesosky, Maia, Stephens, Tim, Myer, Landon, Prempeh, Agya BA., Vickery, Nicola, Kluyts, Hyla-Louise, Torborg, Alexandra, Omigbodun, Akinyinka, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elfagieh, Mohamed, Mbwele, Bernard, Ulisubisya, Mpoki, Mboma, Lazaro, Ashebir, Daniel Z., Bahta, Mahlet Tesfaye, Hassen, Mohammed, Teferi, Mikiyas, Seman, Yakob, Zoumenou, Eugene, Hewitt-Smith, Adam, Tumukunde, Janat, Munlemvo, Dolly, Morais, Atilio, Basenero, Apollo, Ndarukwa, Pisirai, Ouerdraogo, Nazinigouba, Chaibou, Maman Sani, Zarouf, Mohyeddine, El Adib, Ahmed Rhassane, Gobin, Veekash, Sanogo, Zimogo, Coulibaly, Youssouf, Ngumi, Zipporah, Fadalla, Tarig, Iradukunda, Cynthia, Barendegere, Vénérand, Smalle, Isaac O., Bittaye, Mustapha, Samateh, Ahmadou Lamin, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Fawzy, Maher, Mulwafu, Wakisa, Msosa, Vanessa, Lopes, Lygia, Antwi-Kusi, Akwasi, Sama, Hamza D., Forget, Patrice, van Straaten, Dawid, Pearse, Rupert M., Puchert, Marichen, Rolt, Lucy, Schwebler, Kris, Kabambi, Freddy, Mabotja, Tebogo, Cobas, Leandys, Freitas, Albino, Antunes, Maria, Cabo, Bartolomeu, Paulo, Domingos, Camongua, Carlos, Avognon, Yvette, Marcos, Osseni, Kintomonho, Raymond, Demahou, Onesime, Hounsa, Gisèle, Chobli, Hugues, Fassinou, Elie, Zoglobossou, Aurore, Tchaou, Blaise, Tchegnonsi, Charles, Amadji, Fifame, Bossa, Francine, Ahounou, Ernest, Alao, Djima, Odérémi, Roushdane, Montairou, Afissatou, Gbehade, Oswald, Tobome, Romaric, Boukari, Adam, Bakantieba, Patrick, Sambo, Arouna, Lionelle, Fanou, Gilbert, Nounagnon, Attinon, Julien, Klikpezo, Roger, Dadjo, Aumar, Fanou, Dénis, Hounkpe, Gilberte, Fafana, Bachabi, Nguilu, Néné, Dossou-Yovo, Bodourin, Segla, Chantal, Toko, Mohamed, Gnele-Dedewanou, Evelyne, Noukounwoui, Michel, Yado, Ethienne, Gouroubéra, Timothé, Adjignon, Valéry, Mewanou, Serge, Tchomgang, Aïcha, Agossou, Urielle, Soton, Fernand, Azanlin, Charbel, Zomahoun, Lidwine, Kabore, Rawéléguinbasba Armel Flavien, Savadogo, Salam, Sanou, Fatou Fleur Rosine, Belém, Farid, Hien, Victoria, Bougouma, Cheik Tidiane Hafid W., Ouattara, Sie Ahmed, Kabore, Mariam Bambara, Nazinigouba, Ouedraogo, Bonkoungou, Papougnezambo, Lankoandé, Martin, Traoré, Mireille, Sawadogo, Patrick, Wenmenga, Inès, Kinda, Boureima, Simporé, André, Sapo, Christian, Traore, Salah Idriss, Dipama, Haoua, Kaboré, Lydie WR., Napon, Salifou, Kaboré, Télesphore G., Louré, Arouna, Tondé, Pélagie PP., Zoundi, Christian, Lankoande, Martin, Sanou, Harouna, Ndikumana, Remy, Nsengiyumva, Carlos, Sund, Gregory, Niyukuri, Alliance, Kwizera, Axel, Niyondiko, Jean-Claude, Kilembe, Adolphe Manzanza, Ilunga, Jean Pierre Mwema, Sarah, Nehema Hailemariam, Makeya, Gabriel Mubobo, Mwepu, Idesbald Mwebe, Likongo, Ted Botawaosenge, Mvwala, Richard Kapela, Mubunda, Raphael Nzau Kapend, Mukuna, Noellie Kanka, Pembe, Julie Djondo, Ndaye, Nicolas Lumuanga, Amisi, Eric Bibonge, Madika, Mike Ilunga, Lungela, Joe Kembo, Mayemba, Didier Ndonda, Diyoyo, Philomene Mamba, Ngalala, Alex Mbo, Mukenga, Martin Mamba, Kabuni, Patricia Tito, Mpoto, Dany Bolimo, Mole, Herve Inesnku, Keby, Louise, Buti, Oria Andavo, Phaka, Anselme, Mayenge, Belinda, Kalongo, Jean Jeacques Kabuley, Mawisa, Timothe Kemfuni, Ngwizani, Rodrigue Tondo, Leya, Kuyala, Sanduku, Dieudonne Kisile, Mawisa, Timothe Nkemfuni, Mfumu, Coco Nseke, Bolenge, Mbuta, Kabuce, Desire Kinzenzengu, Kintieti, Patrick, Mbuluku, Amelia, Mahuwa, Vicky, Mabiala, Tharcice Khonde, Ngoy, Guilain, Boloko, Patrick, Mvwama, Nono Mazangama, Kengbanda, Jose, Mushimbonga, Pitchou, Kuhapala, Blaise, Marcel, Nzosani, Guylain, Kienze, Mboma, Gerard, Sagboze, Sandra Zalambo, Manika, Michel Muteya, Kigayi, Jean Pierre Mumbere, Cishugi, Roger Mukanire, Mugisho, Placide Buhendwa, Baguma, Roger, Kongolo, Moïse, Mbayabu, Michel Mandungu, Muamba, Crispin Mukendi, Kapinga, Edmond Banema, Kapinga, Vasco Ngolela, Nsumpi, Guylain Tshimanga, Odia, Patrick Kanda, Bingidimi, Salomon, Kpengbemale, Gilbert, Imposo, Desire Hubert Bofunga Bosonga, Matondo, Patricia, Lelo, Servet, Kalambayi, Jeremie, Abdel-Ghaffar, Mohamed, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Abdelrahman, Mostafa, Shehata, Sameh, Rabee, Alia, Heba, Mohamed Abou, Abdelfattah, Mohamed Rabei, Ghoniem, Tamer Ahmed Maher, Shehata, Sherif M.K., Lotfy, Mohamed, ElHaddad, Ahmed, Gebremeskel, Bereket, Fisseha, Girmay, Abay, Mebrahtu, Bahrey, Degena, Hika, Assefa, Ali, Abdurezak, Moges, Kindie, Ahmed, Jemal, Abdisa, Desalegn, Megersa, Abebe, Abayne, Wendwosen, Berhane, Haftom, Esayas, Reiye, Kifle, Fitsum, Desita, Kokeb, Addise, Abebe, Shimelash, Dagim, Tadesse, Shitalem, Zemedkun, Bezaye, Kenna, Peniel, Yirdie, Ayenew, Sisay, Abinet, Gashu, Tebikew, Mihretu, Fassil, Ahmed, Yesuf, Debebe, Bekele, Misgea, Abdureuf, Agmas, Amare, Assefa, Rahel, Gelmo, Abdurahman, Alemu, Seifu, Damtachew, Brook, Mersha, Merid, Chemere, Yaekob, Fekadu, Samuel, Regasa, Sintayehu, Sileshi, Bonsa, Wosen, Desalegn, Adamu, Rebira, Mulugeta, Gersam, Bacha, Teshome, Gudisa, Zewude, Bekele, Kebebe, Tasew, Alelign, Gezahegn, Habtamu, Atlaw, Daniel, Solomon, Damtew, Gebresillasie, Habtemariam, Tesfaye, Girmaye, Sarbecha, Negussie, Sahiledengle, Biniyam, Seyoum, Kenbon, Ganfure, Gemechu, Tekalegn, Yohannes, Tesfaye, Gosa, Ayichew, Temesgen, Sendaba, Shibiru, Redwan, Musefa, Muse, Eyasu, Nina, Girma, Sime, Bizuneh, Tadege, Addisalem, Jima, Anbesse, Ayalew, Nugusu, Workneh, Dagmawi, Teferi, Daniel, Nyassi, Momodou T., Sanyang, Landing N., Jallow, Omar, Keita, Abdoulie, Jammeh, Kitabu, Roberts, Charles, Idoko, Patrick, Marenah, Kebba, Njie, Masirending, Marena, Musa, Suwareh, Karamba, Boissey, Simon, Jarjusey, Fatoumatta, Jah, Awa, Sanyang, Awa, Jabbi, Dado, Camara, Kajali, Correa, Armando, Jabang, John, Jaiteh, Lamin, Dampha, Lamin, Manneh, Aminata, Sowe, Baboucarr, Bah, Abdoulie, Jawo, Edrisa, Okoje, Victoria, Baro, Momodou, Bah, Yaya, Njie, Mustapha, Mbowe, Sainabou, Kanteh, Ebrima, Ceesay, Sarjo, Manneh, Alagie, Atito-Narh, Evans, Wilson, Adwoa, Hussey, Romeo, Okine, Emmanuel, Kwarteng, Jemima, Ntiamoah, Ridge, Dadzie, Samuel, Aseti, Mark, Sowah, Naa, Appiah, Akosua, Bankah, Charles, Mburugu, Patrick, Chokwe, Thomas, Olang, Patrick, Gacii, Vernon, Nabulindo, Susane, Gatheru, Antony, Mwiti, Timothy, Mwangi, Caroline, Muriithi, Julius, Ojuka, Daniel, Ogutu, Omondi, Masitara, Evans, Chaudhry, Mohamed, Kamundi, Reuben, Kangangi, Annmarie, Massaquoi, Thomas, Takow, Stephen, Moraa, Felister, Munubi, Aziz, Kimani, Moses, Wobenjo, Adili, Nguu, Linda, Omeddo, Vincent, Malaba, Rose, Nabwana, Ambrose, Mwancha, Anita, Mugaa, Alexandria, Wamwaki, John, Chege, Joyce, Sinari, Seymour, Ndonga, Andrew, Shitsinzi, Rose, Akello, Walter, Kimani, Winfred, Kirwa, Elisha, Saruni, Seno, Wainaina, Andrew, Nshom, Ernest, Kenseko, Aidah, Shisanya, Kizito, Wanjiru, Purity, Cherotich, Julliah, Kimutai, Judy, Wahome, Benson, Wangui, Grace, Wamalwa, Dennis, Mwangi, Stephen, Chege, John, Wanjiku, Tabitha, Njoki, Carolyne, Waititu, Wachira, Ambani, Conrad, Murimi, Samuel, Waithira, Sharon, Mouti, Nilson, Kibet, Collins, Kibet, John, Sokobe, Virginia, Jeymah, Beatrice, Kamadi, Antony, Gichuri, Faith, Moses, Steve, Wasike, David, Adeya, Favours, Bitta, Caesar, Ogendo, Stephen, Kariuki, Killian, BenAbdalla, Hdaya, Suliaman, Taha, Abokhzam, Fatima Ali, Isa, Mohaned, Huwaysh, Mohammed, Bourawi, Asma, Alzubaidy, Kais, Albaraesi, Mohammed, Bahroun, Sumayyah, Alhadi, Abdulmueti, Msherghi, Ahmed, Mohamed, Amira, Khaled, Ala, Aljadi, Nouran, Bareig, Elham, Elgazwi, Khaled, Elgazwi, Adel, El-busife, Ibrahim, Owhida, Safa, Eltwati, Almahdi, Elakeili, Samah, Abubaker, Taha, Elkhfeefi, Fatima, Hasan, Soha Younis, Alttaira, Amal, Elmraied, Imbarkah, Wishah, Rim, Abugassa, Omar, Ahmed, Hazem, Ellafi, Amera, Shoukrie, Shoukrie, Aldokali, Nawal, ElGammudi, Aws, Alkaseek, Akram, Elhaddad, Hoda, Alqaarh, Ayyah, Brish, Ahlam, Abudsnnuga, Malek, Albuaishi, Salsabil, Albashri, Mohammed, Morgom, Marwa, Alawami, Mohammed, Shawesh, Eman, Almabrouk, Abdullah, Alwarfalli, Moaz, Abeid, Nagia, Buzreg, Anis, Malek, Ans, Abayu, Ameerah, Abdulhafith, Butaina, Abouruwes, Wedad, Albakuri, Marim, Almuammari, Sabria, Alsaghair, Esam, Alreshi, Fatheia, Badi, Hassan, Alfetoey, Rabiee, Zubia, Naji, Almiqlash, Bushray, Alshuhoumi, Abdulsalam, Ben Jouira, Rayet Al-islam, Dier, Amaal, Gebril, Essra, Abdelkabir, Mohammed, Moussa, Sana, Alfitori, Marwa, Azbeda, Mabroukah, Alamin, Hajar, Barka, Ejmeya, Mosbah, Omlsaad, Abdasalam, Rema, Hiyoum, Miftah, Abd allateef, Maryam, Altomi, Ibrahim, Alsakloul, Mahdi, Karami, Ekhlas, Alriqeeq, Munyah, Omar, Mabruka, Samer, Ashraf, Aemeesh, Aml, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad, Elusta, Ahmed, Ahmeed, Sultan, Hassan, Wesal AlFighi, Altayr, Mouadah Ali, Addalla, Mohamed, Geddeda, Abrar, Khoja, Kheria, Alhaj, Doaa, Etturki, Muaad, Elhadi, Ahmed, Ellojli, Ibrahim, Shuwayyah, Anshirah, Elfaghih, Ahmed, Alduwayb, Malak, Aleiyan, Mohamed, Aboubreeq, Wedad, Alkassem, Soliman, Ashour, Sami, Ben Hasan, Hayat, Ben Hasan, Najat, Yahya, Ali, Chisala, Palesa, Kommwa, Edward, Simwinga, Lusayo, Chalira, Agness, Kachitsa, Precious, Mtalimanja, Onias, Traoré, Drissa, Sissoko, Moussa, Camara, Moussa, Koita, Adama, Koumaré, Sekou, Sacko, Omar, Coulibaly, Mahamadou, Soumaré, Lamine, Keita, Soumaïla, Keita, Sidiki, Dicko, Hamadoun, Diallo, Boubacar, Bengaly, Boureima, Keita, Mohamed, Diallo, Siaka, Ouattara, Drissa, Ongoiba, Nouhoun, Beye, Seydina, Berthe, Honoré, Diakite, Mamadou, Sima, Mamadou, Togo, Adégné, Dembele, Bakary, Diango, Djibo, Samake, Moussa, Traoré, Youssouf, Traoré, Louis, Oumar, Ongoïba, Gaoussou, Sogoba, Traoré, Issaga, Sangaré, Sidy, Kanté, Doua, Cissé, Lassana, Souleymane, Thiam, Koniba, Keita, Maiyalagan, Sundaresan, Chong, Julien, Mohit, Adil, Mungar, Khushyant, Vinayagam, Shankaran, Ramlochun, Kevin, Sim, Jamie, Sneha, Desai, Kissoon, Vishaal, Tseung, Yan, Aboobakar, Mohamed, Fokeerah, Nitish, Ramsewak, Ravi, Gopall, Jayprakash, Abeeluck, Meetheelesh, Seewoo, Varun, Jankee, Divyanand, Puryag, Ashveen, Beemadoo, Senthil, Deenoo, Yashraj, Goureah, Abhisek, Makoon, Munawwara, Rambojan, Hemanshu, Shanjugsingh, Beeharry, Viraswami, Kevin, Joomye, Shehzaad, Bhugwandass, Ashwant, Deelawar, Bibi, Leelodharry, Vakil, Mungur, Luckshmanraj, Aungraheeta, Sajid, Bhajoo, Sirsingh, Rajcoomar, Manpreet, Seetaram, Rishi, Gaya, Subha, Batra, Gini, Sunnassee, Yoshvin, Petkar, Shailendra, Hicham, Sbai, Smail, Labib, Said, Ait Laalim, Youssef, Motaai, Doumiri, Mouhssine, Alilou, Mustapha, Farnaoui, Nora, Bensghir, Mustapha, Elkoundi, Abdelghafour, Jaafari, Abdelhamid, Elwali, Abderhmann, Meziane, Mohammed, Atmani, Walid, Rebahi, Houssam, Chichou, Hajar, Zarouf, Safae, Soummani, Abderraouf, Taoufik, Abou Elhassan, Essafti, Meryem, Traoré, Aminata Oumou, Hamza, Hamzaoui, Berdai, Adnane, Linda, El allani, Oussama, Salhi, Mucopo, Nelson, Banze, Machado, Saide, Mouzinho, Sitoi, Tomas, Machava, Artur, Carlos, Antonio, Guidione, Amilton, de Carvalho, Antonio Saide, Gemo, Natacha, Camal, Samiro Sema, Cuna, Arsénio, Madeira, Ornelos, Assuade, Ladino, Fernandes, Dercio Amde, Fernandes, Dulce Alexandre Machavae, Sebastião, Mandua, Sikombe, Bernard, Kandjimi, Matti, Shekimweri, Ayoub, Shilomboleni, Diana, Kandjii, Mbaundju, Kabongo, Leonard, Hangero, Cholastic, Ndjoze, Ike, Nailonga, Ruben, Uukonga, Immanuel, Nakanyala, Uutoni, Johannes, Lavinia, Haruzuvi, Adrian, Terblanche, Chris, Shimenda, Natangwe, Katjipu, Delwina, Shalimba, Hilma, Kaweendwa, Juliah, Mbuyi, Ali, Oyedele, John, Mulolo, Mapumba, Njuki, Peter, Ndaie, Mutombo, Munyika, Akutu, Katangolo, Hilma, Tjiyokola, David, Mhene, Tawanda, Masiambiri, Archbald, Mandudzo, Paidamoyo, Kapepiso, Sandra, Mavesere, Haziel, Tjihoto, Cedia, Manyere, Daylight, Kauraisa, Charlotte, Garanowako, Learnmore, Tune, Michael, DeKlerk, William, Ndolo, Benvenue, Angula, Maria, Hishekwa, Ndapewoshali, Nandjendja, Elizabeth, Tsauses, Elsabe, Mouton, Eunice, Katandawa, Kudzai, Bruwer, Sophia, Van Staden, Jaydee, Siteketa, Beata, Kaholongo, Beata, Ntinda, Martha, Nashidengo, Pueya, Kandjumbwa, Johanna, Lipumbu, Lahia, Sirfi, Moussa, Djibo, Fouma, Mahaman, Moutari, Bachir, Abdoulaye Mahaman, Mamane, Maikassoua, Ousseini, Adakal, Hamissou Souley, Maman Noury, Oumarou, Rabo, Idrissa, Rekia, Ichaou, Moussa, Saley, Amina, Seyni, Abdoulay, Amadou, Sahabi, Mahamane Laminou, Mahamane Sani, Camara, Issoufou Moustapha, Gagara, Moussa, Daddy, Hadjara Rabiou, Adamou, Harissou, Magagi, Ibrahim Amadou, Habou, Oumarou, Ramatou, Sabo, Kadas, Saidu, Mohammed, Rabiu, Ballah, Abubakar, Olalekan, Tella, Bwala, Kefas, Adamu, Mohammed, Isa, Adamu, Adeyeye, Ademola, Fayose, Samuel, Akinmade, Akinola, Ajayi, Taiwo, Nwasor, Elizabeth, Yakubu, Saidu, Ugwu, Euphemia, Mukoro, George, Ahmed, Muhammed, Akafa, Gideon, Lawal, Ahmad, Nwoye, Daniel, Odigbo, Michael, Sarkin-Pawa, Zulaihatu, Sholadoye, Tunde, Fomete, Benjamin, Yakubu, Hamisu, Kabiru, Abdulkadir, Timothy, Samaila, Yusuf, Ali, Saadu, Tasiu, Mohammed, Babangida, Yunus, Abdulghaffar, Olagunju, Ganiyat, Aminu, Muhammad, Idris, Mohammad, Tolani, Musliu, Dalhat, Nasiru, Gana, Samuel, Adike, Talent, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdurrahman, Aji, Sani, Atiku, Mamuda, Attah, Raphael, Muhammed, Abubakar, Oseni, Rasaki, Salisu-Kabara, Halima, Nkemjika, Benjamin, Salami, Omotayo, Akadri, Adekunle, Olayinka, Bukola, Onuoha, Clement, Jamaare, Umar Usman, Jibrin, Auwalu Saminu, Abdullahi, Sani Giade, Ishaku, Ibrahim, Odewabi, Adenike, Bamigboye, John, Kuforiji, Oladapo, Ogo, Chidiebere, Ogunmuyiwa, Stella, Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemee, Tanimola, Adebayo, Adeyanju, Michael, Andero, Oluwatimilehin, Ojo, Temitope, Adedotun, Olusi, Kehinde, Gbadamosi, Buraimoh, Jimoh, Muhammad, Kabiru, Baidoo, Sophia, Okoli, Patrick, Adigun, Azeez, Ezeonye, Ekene, Isa, Kabir, Aremu-Kasumu, Yetunde, Shoretire, Kamil, Enesi, Peter, Ezike, Amechi, Olawoye, Olatunde, Ugwu, Emmanuel, Ukah, Christopher, Olugbenga, Abolade, Chidiebere, Nwachukwu, Abdulraman, Nasiru, Olusegun, Adebiyi, Halisa, Alisa, Yusuf, Semiat, Salisu, Jamila, Okoro, Chidiebube, Suleiman, Abdul, Onowighose, Fabian, Farinyaro, Aliyu, Baba, Suleiman, Abdulmajid, Umar, Abdurrahman, Aisha, Obi, Ogochukwu, Alabi, Olatunde, Adeyemi, William, Salau, Jelili, Taiwo, Jones, Nwafulume, Nnaemeka, Ibiyeye, Taiye, Agu, Edith, Danboy, Ayodeji, Abdulazeez, James, Ekwunife, Christopher, Nnaji, Chimaobi, Onyekpere, Chigozirim, Arunsi, Amara, Egwim, Jude, Nwana, Obianuju, Ojiegbe, Nnabuike, Mbamba, Charles, Ngwu, Paul, Imahigbe, Frank, Okoroji, Emmanuel, Ikenna, Iloh, Mohammed, Abdulrahman, Adeniyi, Adebayo, Ariyo, Toluwalope, Gabriel, Olajide, Orewole, Tesleem, Idris, Salawu, Adebara, Idowu, Okunlola, Abiodun, Akinbade, Akinwale, Afolabi, Oluwasesan, Bakare, Adewumi, Adeyemo, Olabisi, Ugwu, Benjamin, Nuhu, Samuel, Embu, Henry, Isamade, Erdoo, Obikili, Chinedu, Ocheke, Amaka, Peter, Solomon, Orshio, Donald, Onuminya, Peter, Okopi, Jack, Bankole, Olufemi, Afolabi, Bosede, Osinowo, Dapo, Oluwole, Ayodeji, Rotimi, Muyiwa, Desalu, Ibironke, Ojewola, Rufus, Mofikoya, Bolaji, Owonikoko, Kola, Adeoye, Adeolu, Bobo, Temidayo, Akinloye, Taiwo, Ama, David, Okoronkwo, Ebere, Mahmud, Muhammad, Adebiyi, Jamiu, Babalola, Temitope, Muhammad, Mansur, Aruna, Afeez, Osazuwa, Maryrose, Yusuf, Ayodeji, Lawal, Isiaka, Fidelis, Bitrus, Pius, Rephath, Jomosu, Cyril, Adedayo, Adebayo, Aliyu, Abubakar, Agholor, Adaora, Abdulazeez, Abdullateef, Bala, Chabiya, Eze, Eziamaka, Ani, Elizabeth, Okeke, Uchenna, Adebayo, Dominica, Ekwunife, Okechukwu, Modekwe, Victor, Ugwunne, Chuka, Okoro, Chukwuemeka, Uche, Chisom, Olateju, Simeon, Ige-Orhionkpaibima, Fred, Adetoye, Adedapo, Aaron, Olurotimi, Abimbola, Jeremiah, Faponle, Folayemi, Ajayeoba, Olumuyiwa, Jagun, Olusoji, Fatungase, Oluwabunmi, Akiseku, Adeniyi, Nwokoro, Chigbundu, Shoyemi, Ramotalai, Ogundele, Ibukunolu, Joseph, Nankat, Bura, Salihu, Nwezoku, Chukwuka, Bwala, Manu, Philips, Meshach, Usman, Abubakar, Filibus, Emmanuel, Umate, Zara, Chukwuka, Nwabuoke, Nuhu, Ahmed, Ibrahim, Watakiri, Nggada, James, Izge, Ali, Ismail, Musa, Eyelade, Olayinka, Adigun, Tinuola, Osinaike, Babatunde, Ogunbode, Olayinka, Idowu, Olusola, Lawal, Taiwo, Ogundiran, Temidayo, Shittu, Olayiwola, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Edino, Stephen, Songden, Zumnan, Akitoye, Olumide, Ekele, Bissallah, Akaba, Godwin, Atim, Terkaa, Adeleke, Akitoye, Okochi, Owoicho, Akeju, Sunday, Ukpoju, Ernest, Osaheni, Osayomwanbo, Obaseki, Ifunanya, Kehinde, Lateef, Monday, Osawemwenze, Nte, Stanley, Agboifo, Adesuwa, Dawodu, Omajuwa, Orhiere, Precious, Atiti, David, Kalu, Queeneth, Effiom, Felix, Kolawole, Israel, Ojo, Olawale, Olabinjo, Afusat, Ige, Olufemi, Ogunyemi, Beatrice, Oladosu, Olusola, Adesina, Kikelomo, Agodirin, Sulaiman, Shittu, Asimiyu, Idrisa, Audu, Adamu, Sadiq, Ali, Nuhu, Adewunmi, Olayinka, Nwankwor, Stephen, Olakanmi, Akinwumi, Ajayi, Oluseye, Ajayi, Ayotolu, Ogunmola, Victor, Olakanmi, Oluwafunke, Kuranga, Adam, Uche, Enoch, Osuagwu, Chukwuemeka, Ilo, Chukwudi, Matthew, Mesi, Uko, Uko, Mba, Ngozi, Alagbe-Briggs, Olubusola, Dodiyi-Manuel, Amabra, Onajin-Obembe, Bisola, Obasuyi, Bright, Echem, Richard, Mike-Elechi, Ihuoma, Otokwala, Job, Edubio, Mark, Eyo, Catherine, Udo, Isaac, Abdulrahman, Aliyu, Abdullahi, A.A., Bello, Ibrahim Galadima, Mohammed, Usman Adinoyin, Oyaromade, Abidemi, Bello, Mohammed, Muhammad, Usman, Mbah, Emeri, Okereke, Hyacinth, Aminu, Almustapha, Ahmadu, Anthony, Rogers, Abu, Samai, Peter, Amara, Sao, Yankuba, Margaret, Josayah, Mary, Jnr, Jayah Swarray, Dawo, Alusine, George, Peter, Kabba, Mustapha, Bah, Mohamed, Mondeh, Charles, Kapuwa, Ibrahim, Sheku, Mohamed, Mattia, Philip, Sesay, Brima, Omoshoro-Jones, Jones O.A., Mbeki, Motselisi, Cloete, Estie, Anderson, Philip, Mrara, Busi, Steyn, Annemarie, Mhlari, Tsakani, Proctor, Nic, Robertson, Caroline, Lamacroft, Gillian, Singh, Usha, Sikhakhane, Sebenzile, Gate, Kelly, Nzenza, Shepherd, Kasonga, John Tshimbalanga, Ndebele, Sibongile, Kande, Patrick Lufuta, Davids, Jody, Orlandi, Tino-vito, de Jong, Marischka, Stark, Hugo, Roodt, Francois, Hall, Jonathan, Nortje, Ian, Akpakan, Akanimo, Govindasamy, Vishendran, Sathiram, Ronisha, Kathrada, Mohammad, Farina, Zane, Frittella, Lucio, Kohler, Charles, Lubelwana, Sibuyiselwe, Ikram-Hameed, Sarwat, Smit, Adriaan, Cassiem, Muneerah, Freeman, Yvonne, Goga, Saaliha, Cronje, Larissa, Buzdugan, Constantin, Chirkut, Subash, Singh, Priyadeshni, Jithoo, Sandhya, Rughubar, Vivesh, Arnold, John, Bipath, Rishan, Kinoo, Suman Mewa, Msolo, Ncumisa Khanyisa, Ackermans-Deijnen, Fleur, Boka, Tshegofatso Mmasello Emma, Greenwood, Martyn Biccard, Jayrajh, Shakthi Anand, Naidoo, Devarani, Reddy, Syndrini, Rungan, Devandiran Harriraman, Subrayen, Kylene, Roos, John, Tredoux, Nina, Plumacher, Pascal, Reed, Anthony, Steinhaus, Harald, Nock, Mariesa, Herselman, Paul Ryan, Davies, Gareth, Harvey, Talitha, Muller, Franklin, Naude, Willem, Pretorius, Tania, Swart, Johan Jochemus, Walls, Merryn, Gokal, Prashant, Rorke, Nicolette, Dhoodhat, Farzaana, Dzanibe, Precious, Hussain, Mohammed Yusuf, Junpath, Ashmita, Maharaj, Ameela, Makanisi, Hylda, Moosa, Khalid, Wong, Ting Ting, Mould, Sean, Ramsamy, Trisha, Matos-Puig, Roel, Morgan, Hayley, Nabeebuccas, Nadeem, Naidoo, Ria Devi, Pather, Viantha, Bahadur, Vasheel Vasheel, Pillay, Renilda, Fullerton, Zahnne, Bell, Nicole, Grey, Bongisa, Visentin, Vincent Lorenzo, Van Zyl, Hendrik Adriaan, Killingbeck, Terri Anne, Maneveldt, Emile, Thiart, Gerhard, Venter, Magdelena May, Swart, Oostewalt, Grobelaar, Mariette, Cairns, Carel, Bishop, David, Steenkamp, Christien, Khumalo, Thandekile, Naidoo, Noel, Murray, Ross, Kopieniak, Martin, Sishange, Melusi, Ndimande, Mxolisi Brian, Jaworska, Megan, Ikram, Sarwat, Rainier, Bence, Liebenberg, Renier J., Zwiegers, Helena D., Nortje, Philip M., Bhagwan, Kamal, Flint, Margot, Dyer, Robert, Adams, Simone, Bwambale, Yoshua, Ngomo, Danny, Kanku, Patrice, Pillay, Nivashen, de Castro, Alexa, Maharaj, Atisha, Carim, Janine, Taylor, Jenna Leigh, Köhne, Karl M., Drummond, Leanne W., Temlett, Leanne, Geldenhuys, Lieze, Seilbea, Yvonne, Naidoo, Kathryn, Kalafatis, Nicola A., Verwey, Stefné, Biyase, Thulile, Kisten, Theroshnie, Kusel, Belinda S., Hardcastle, Timothy Craig, Magagula, Richard, Kampik, Christian, Xulu, Kuzolunga, Solala, Sivuyisiwe, Sayed, Mia, Enicker, Basil, Madaree, Anil, Mukama, Innocent, Madombwe, Gladmore, Zulu, Nonhlanhla, Gasa, Nompumelelo, Kanjana, Nokuzula, Buthelezi, Sebenzile, Buthelezi, Thembelihle, Brink, Andries, Potgieter, Francois, Mrara, Busisiwe, Alexander, Zaynab, Choto, Charles, Ima, Paula, Gxagxisa, Zintle, Ningiza, Baphethuxolo, Lamacraft, Gillian, Mogorosi, Jerome, du Plessis, Nadia, de Man, Leonie, Thompson, Suné, van Heerden, Gerrit, Turton, Edwin W., van der Linde, Pieter M., Teme-Pitse, Josephine K., Tladi, Reitumetse, Saffy, Gillian D., Roscher, Ene-Mari, Fortune, Kristel, Barnard, George, Makhasane, Tiisetso, Bowen, Evan, Pal, Akangcha, Moore, Rachel, Fourtounas, Maria, Adam, Mary Augusta, Arumugan, Renessa, Hyman, Gabriella, Jonosky, Jaclyn, Makondo, Maninginingi, Moodley, Heveshan, Munda, Phillip, Nyalungu, Mzwandile, Olusola, Victor, Pinto, Sohan Zane, Pillay, Tristan, Singh, Lucinda, Wondoh, Paul Mwindekuma, Devar, John, Baloyi-Mnisi, Boitumelo, Koto, Zach, Mabitsela, Matlou Ernest, Ndlovu, Sibongile Ruth, Mthelebofu, Branny, Beck, Colin, Dold, Matthew, Fan, Alice, MacQueen, Shannon, Matabata, Thembani, Mpehle, Catherine, Kulenkampf, Charné, Mhlari, Tsakani McCreath, Nyoka-Mokgalong, Simangele Cecilia, Masinge, Felix Thumba, Gunpath, Randhir Ramnath, Pat Mothwa, Maropeng Petrus, Mothwa, Jo-Anne Asenath, Mhlanga, Danai, Colly, Jamie-Lyn, Peter, Aunel Mallier, Ben Hameda, Khalid, Mokae, Pulane, Moumakoe, Stella Josephine, Ekeh, Kelechi, Lengo, Nezingu, Booyens, Marnus, Seale, Inge Louise, Theron, Pieter Daniel, Schuman, Nicolaas Abraham, Sonn, Amber Carlyn, Stander, Jacobus Lukas, Cloete, Nadia, Cloete, Marius, Makepeace, Catherine Ann, van der Westhuizen, Ronel, Messiahs, Leanne Robyn, Visagie, Amy Ruth, Vawda, Fatima, Voster, Frans Christiaan, Dhilraj, Deepika, Smith, Oliver, Bolon, Stefan, Montwedi, Daniel, Mbeki, Motsilisi, Wyngaard, Jayde, Ngcelwane, Mthunzi, Kleyenstuber, Thomas, Phukubye, Phyllis, Schärf, Liesel, Laker, Grace, Semenya, Elizabeth, Dembskey, Reinhard, Tarlton, Thomas, Jiri, Tapiwa, Mushid, Ngoie Hubert, Ngwenya, Nhlanhla Samuel, Mogodi, Hazel Morongoa, Sinevici, Carmen, Usenbo, Anthony Osarogie, Fodo, Naledi, Chimini, Anesu, Sikobi, Ntetelelo, Nokwange, Sinovuyo, Noqhamza, Mluleki, Thembisa, Qumba, Bhat, Kajake Anantha Padmanabha, Mathew, Rabin, Middleton, Katrin, Adewunmi, Abdus-sami, Dickson, Craig, Bulbulia, Humairah, Bester, Bianka, de Klerk, Michelle, Benade, Christia, Viljoen, Francois, Fischer, Monique, Alfaki, Khalid, Awad, Abdalmalik, Algray, Abdelsalam, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Mohamed, Suha, Mahmoud, Salih, Osman, Muhammed, Elgailany, Asia, Suliman, Mazin, Mohammed, Hanaa, Aljeally, Lina, Dirar, Mohammed, Osman, Mohammed, Mohamed, Mazin, Elhasan, Mohamed, Widatalla, Abrar, Abubakr, Abubakr, Mohamed, Eman, Nour, Alshareef, Gama, Ntonto Doris, Shabangu, Dolorosa Khetsiwe, Iradikunda, Cynthia, Mkoko, Samuel, Kisanga, Paul, Lema, Emmanuel, Lyimo, Benson, Binde, Mohamed, Chandika, Alphonce, Salim, Salim, Jumbe, Sylvia, Makubi, Abel, Kotecha, Vihar, Kachinde, Felician, Nyakiroto, Museleta, Jitambi, Emmanuel, Geofrey, Venant, Josiah, Johaphes, Makubi, Phinius, Manumbu, Frank, Mlingwa, Suzan, Ibenzi, Ernest, Mbelle, Peter, Peleus, Kato, Chiwanga, Enid, Richard, Nillah, Leonard, Shoo, Sanka, Paulo, Mushi, Subira, Nyangasa, Bashir, Janabi, Mohamed, Majani, Naizihijwa, Palangyo, Pedro, Nyawawa, Evarist, Ramadhan, William, Lydenge, Faraj, Masenga, Gileard Gabriel, Rashid, Sakina, Jusabani, Mubashir, Ndebea, Ansbert, Cheru, Jenitha, Henjewele, Margaret, Kilimanjaro, Greyson, Sikimata, Sarah, Donatus, Deocles, Maduhu, Hazina, Mariro, Tumaini, Massasi, Given, Shabani, Moshi Moshi, Cholela, Braison, Mgeleka, Marco, Mbilinyi, Yohatinus, Chiwanga, Faraja, Exavery, Bilton, Haule, Caspar, Ndile, Samson, Harya, Sirili, Magandi, Julieth, Manyama, Deogratius, Matindi, Redempta, Moshi, Adam, Kitwana, Daudi, Makia, Merida, Muhochi, Philip, Herman, Miriam, Miombo, Clauda, Kahindo, Furaha, Kishebuka, Langtone, Ussiri, Elijah, Kinasa, Gloria, Adel, Patrick, Malaba, Eric, Sakwari, Vensesla, Lugereka, Sadot, Mungia, Mohamed, Mocha, George, Wella, Herman, Protas, Cecilia, Karua, Patrick, Kashagama, Ahmada, Mwasambugu, Faraja, Kajeri, Suzana, Mchilla, Jacquiline, Lucumay, Elibariki, Maise, Robert, Marti, Amon, Mahundi, Beatrice, Jager, Frederika, Majani, Charles, Rukeha, Ludovick, Mohamed, Tareeq, Fuad, Nabila, Halinga, Winifrida, Chrisant, Elias, Msoma, Gilbert, Kihwili, Titus, Temu, Gadiel, Yusuf, Naima, Saleh, Rashid, Inoja, Rashid, Shang'a, Eva, Ibrahim, Stella, Msuma, Hussein, Edward, Edwin, Kilamile, Paul, Mwakyolile, Stephen, Adja, Talkana, Gueouguede, Edem, Oussene Seddoh, Hafoudhoi, Adam, Saliou, Egbohou, Pilakimwe, Ahomagnon, Mawunyo, Kadjossou, Olivier, Boukari, Abdul-Bassiti, Nabukenya, Mary T., Muhindo, Ruth, Waswa, Peter, Agaba, Peter Kaahwa, Kabatoro, Daphne, Kayongo, Joseph, Naggujja, Margaret, Rehema, Nabasiige, Nansubuga, Phiona, Kavuma, Daniel, Lubikire, Aggrey, Bisilikirwa, Hope, Ssebaggala, Godfrey, Muwema, Emmanuel, Agaba, Humble Joan, Kiconco, John, Wataaka, Nicholas, Chan, Bonet, Nampawu, Mary Juliet, Bulamba, Fred, Bua, Emmanuel, Mugala, Christine, Nyakato, Caroline, Ochieng, John Paul, Jovia, Linda Kyomuhendo, Kateregga, George, Alum, Rachel, Najjuma, Lazia, Nampiina, Gorret, Kintu, Andrew, Sempiira, Joshua, Simon, Luzige, Kayima, Peter, Eyul, Jacob, Odwar, Erick, Nkwine, Rita, Namata, Christine, Nabakka, Elizabeth, Kakaire, Denis, Mushangwe-Mtisi, Velda, Munhamo, Erisha, Dhege, Celestino, Hungwa, Juliet, Jasi, Hemish, Ntoto, Crispin, Matsika, Derek, Mutseyekwa, Brightson, Zimbovoora, Joseph, Gudyanga, Beaulah, Mazingi, Dennis, Mbanje, Chenesa, Mlambo, Busisiwe, Chiwanga, Michael, Chifamba, Harunavamwe N., Zhou, Sarudzai, Hove, Esta, Dende, Shamiso, Manjengwa, Beauty, Kapisa, Penias, Mashava, Chiura, Caritas, Katsukunya, Locadia, Muguti, Godfrey, Mashava, Doreen, Ndhlovu, Elton, Mangwangwa, Zanele, Dube, Nombulelo, Stephens, Timothy, Pearse, Rupert, Puchert, Mariechen, Martin, Graham, and Biccard, Bruce
Published: 2021
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9. Ethnoveterinary botanical survey of medicinal plants used in Pashto, Punjabi and Saraiki communities of Southwest Pakistan

Author: Sheikh Zain Ul Abidin, Afifa Munem, Raees Khan, Gaber El‐Saber Batiha, Mushtaq Amhad, Muhammad Zafar, Atif Ali Khan Khalil, Helal F. Hetta, Mohamed H. Mahmoud, Abdus Sami, and Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti
Subjects: ethnic communities, ethnoveterinary, medicinal plants, traditional knowledge, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract: Abstract Medicinal plants are highly used in the ethnoveterinary practice as considerable livestock resources in remote areas. The aim of the present study is to explore the ethnoveterinary medicinal practices in three different communities and discuss the cross‐cultural consensus on the usage of medicinal plants for the treatment of animals. The field survey was conducted by the animal healers of the area during the different seasons of plant growth. A total of 83 informants were interviewed through Semi‐structured interview involving experts of traditional knowledge in 21 localities of the three regions (Zhob, D. I. Khan and Mianwali) were conducted. Findings of the study were quantitatively analyzed through the informant consensus factors to identify the homogeneity information provided by the informants. Furthermore, cross‐culture consensuses were analyzed and recorded data were represented in a tabulated and Venn diagrams. In particularly, 59 species of plants were documented in the comparative analysis. Among them, 32 plant species were recorded in Pashto community, while Punjabi and Sarakai communities exhibited nine and four plant species, respectively. Whereas cross‐cultural analysis showed 14 medicinal plants that were commonly utilized by three different ethnic communities, that indicated low interregional consensus in regard to ethnoveterinary practices of medicinal plants. The current study showed that different communities and ethnic groups sharing some traditional knowledge and cross‐culturally approaches have been reported from traditional uses of plants against livestock's diseases. Therefore, current findings are the opportunities to scrutinize the plants for the discovery of new drug sources for humans and animals.
Published: 2021
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10. Approximate Triple Modular Redundancy: A Survey

Author: Tooba Arifeen, Abdus Sami Hassan, and Jeong-A Lee
Subjects: Approximate computing, fault tolerance, single event upset, soft errors, ATMR, performance tradeoffs, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract: In recent years, approximate computing (AC) has attracted attention owing to its tradeoff between the exactness of computations and performance gains. AC has also been probed for the technique of Triple modular redundancy (TMR). TMR is a well-known fault masking methodology, with associated overheads, widely used in systems of different nature and at different levels. E.g.: layout-level, gate-level, HW-module level, software. At hardware level, through exploitation of AC the 200% area overhead problem due to triplication of the original modules in TMR can be reduced. By approximating the modules of TMR while ensuring that at least two of the approximate modules do not differ from the original module for every input vector, the facilitation of fault masking can lead to overhead reduction. Hence, approximate TMR (ATMR) aims to achieve cost-effective reliability. Nevertheless, due to the extensive search space, computational complexity, and principal fault masking function of ATMR, designing an ATMR is a challenging task. An ATMR technique must be scalable so that it can be easily adopted by circuits having large number of inputs and the extraction of ATMR modules remains computationally inexpensive. Compared with TMR, due to the inclusion of approximations, ATMR is more vulnerable to errors, and hence, the design technique must ensure awareness of input-criticality. To the best of the authors' knowledge, none of the existing survey articles on AC has reported on ATMR. Therefore, in this work, ATMR design techniques are thoroughly surveyed and qualitatively compared. Moreover, design considerations and challenges for designing ATMR are discussed.
Published: 2020
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11. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Orthopaedics: An Adjunct Therapy with an Emerging Role

Author: Madhan Jeyaraman, Abdus Sami, Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy, Naveen Jeyaraman, and Vijay Kumar Jain
Subjects: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Published: 2023
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12. Challenges of Stroke Care in Rural & District General Hospitals; A United Kingdom National Health Service Perspective

Author: Eman Abdus Sami and Naseem Naqvi
Subjects: challenges, holistic, stroke service, Medicine
Abstract: Stroke Medicine being an independent and recognised sub-specialty in the United Kingdom, is faced with unique challenges across District and Rural Hospitals. Delivering a comprehensive stroke service in the rural areas requires collaborative team work, effective communication, pre planning and efficient leadership. In this article we have summarized these challenges and shared some proposals for future development of a holistic and integrated Stroke Service in district hospitals across United Kingdom.
Published: 2020

13. The importance of post-discharge surgical site infection surveillance: an exploration of surrogate outcome validity in a global randomised controlled trial (FALCON)

Author: Glasbey, James C, primary, Kadir, Bryar, additional, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, additional, Adisa, Adewale O, additional, Bhangu, Aneel, additional, Brocklehurst, Peter, additional, Chakrabortee, Sohini, additional, Hardy, Pollyanna, additional, Harrison, Ewen, additional, Ingabire, JC Allen, additional, Haque, Parvez D, additional, Ismail, Lawani, additional, Ghosh, Dhruva, additional, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, additional, Li, Elizabeth, additional, Lillywhite, Rachel, additional, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos, additional, Moore, Rachel, additional, Magill, Laura, additional, Morton, Dion, additional, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, additional, Ntirenganya, Faustin, additional, Pinkney, Thomas, additional, Omar, Omar, additional, Simoes, Joana FF, additional, Smith, Donna, additional, Tabiri, Stephen, additional, Runigamugabo, Emmy, additional, Sodonougbo, Pierre, additional, Behanzin, Hulrich, additional, Kangni, Sosthène, additional, Agboton, Gérard, additional, Adagrah, Luke Aniakwo, additional, Adjei-Acquah, Esther, additional, Acquah, Ato Oppong, additional, Ankomah, James, additional, Armah, Ralph, additional, Acquah, Regina, additional, Addo, Kwame Gyambibi, additional, Acheampong, Dorcas Otuo, additional, Adu-Aryee, Nii Armah, additional, Abubakari, Fatao, additional, Titigah, Abraham, additional, Owusu, Frank, additional, Adu-Brobbey, Raphael, additional, Adobea, Vivian, additional, Abantanga, Francis Atindaana, additional, Gautham, Arun, additional, Bhatti, Dimple, additional, Jesudason, Esther Daniel Mark, additional, Aggarwal, Manisha, additional, Alexander, Philip, additional, Dasari, Amos, additional, Alpheus, Rahul, additional, Kumar, Hemanth, additional, Raul, Subrat, additional, Bueno, Wenceslao Ángeles, additional, Ortiz, Reyes Cervantes, additional, Gomez, Isaac Baltazar, additional, Cerdan, Claudia Caballero, additional, Gallo, Mariana Barreto, additional, Gamez, Rozana Reyes, additional, Sánchez, Irani Durán, additional, Abdullahi, Lawal, additional, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, additional, Abdulsalam, Moruf, additional, Adeleye, Victoria, additional, Egwuonwu, Ochomma, additional, Adeleke, Akeem, additional, Adebayo, Francis, additional, Chiejina, Godwin, additional, Abayomi, Olukayode, additional, Abdur-Rahman, Lukman, additional, Ede, Jude, additional, Ezinne, Uba, additional, Kanyarukiko, Salathiel, additional, Dusabe, Moses, additional, Hirwa, Aime Dieudonne, additional, Bucyibaruta, Georges, additional, Adams, Mary Augusta, additional, Birtles, Cheryl, additional, Ally, Zain, additional, Adewunmi, Abdus-sami, additional, Cook, Jonathan, additional, Brown, Julia, additional, Verjee, Azmina, additional, Assouto, Pamphile, additional, Seto, Djifid Morel, additional, Kpangon, Cyrile, additional, Ahossi, Rene, additional, Alhassan, Bin Baaba Alhaji, additional, Agyekum, Vera, additional, Adam-Zakariah, Leslie Issa, additional, Assah-Adjei, Frank, additional, Asare, Christopher, additional, Amoako, James, additional, Akosa, Enoch Appiah, additional, Acquaye, Jane, additional, Adjei, Faisal, additional, Ballu, Cletus, additional, Coompson, Christian Larbi, additional, Bennin, Amos, additional, Abdulai, Darling Ramatu, additional, Hepzibah, Alice, additional, Bhatti, William, additional, Paul, Priyadarshini K, additional, Dhamija, Parth, additional, Thomas, Josy, additional, Jacob, Priya, additional, Choudhrie, Ashish, additional, Peters, Nitin, additional, Sharma, Rajeev, additional, Camacho, Francisco Barbosa, additional, Gonzalez, Gonzalo Hernandez, additional, Aguirre, Celina Cuellar, additional, Solano, David Dominguez, additional, Flores, Ana Cortes, additional, Menindez, Roque Lincona, additional, Vazquez, Diana Gonzalez, additional, Ado, Khadija, additional, Awonuga, David, additional, Adeniran, Abimbola, additional, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, additional, Ekwunife, Okechukwu, additional, Adenikinju, Wilson, additional, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen, additional, Edet, Ekpo, additional, Abdus-Salam, Rukiyat, additional, Adeleke, Nurudeen, additional, Ekenze, Sebastian, additional, Francis, Matthew, additional, Mukaneza, Francine, additional, Izabiriza, Emelyne, additional, Kabanda, Elysee, additional, Bunogerane, Gisele Juru, additional, Crawford, Richard, additional, Ivy, Mathete, additional, Jayne, David, additional, Cousens, Simon, additional, Brant, Felicity, additional, Fiogbe, Michel, additional, Tandje, Yannick, additional, Akpla, Marcelin, additional, Ngabo, Raoul Baderha, additional, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel Pokuah, additional, Agyemang, Eric, additional, Asabre, Esther, additional, Boakye, Anthony Appiah, additional, Gakpetor, Delali Akosua, additional, Appiah, Akosua Dwamena, additional, Boakye, Percy, additional, Adinku, Michael, additional, Akoto, Erica, additional, Barimah, Charles Gyamfi, additional, Labaran, Abdul-Hamid, additional, Dankwah, Fred, additional, Acquah, Daniel Kwesi, additional, Mary, Grace, additional, Bir, Karan, additional, Madankumar, Latha, additional, Gupta, Himani, additional, Zechariah, Pradeep, additional, Kurien, Elizabeth, additional, Vakil, Rakesh, additional, Hernández, Aldo Bernal, additional, Krauss, Rosa Hernandez, additional, Avendaño, Alejandro Cuevas, additional, Garcia, Rafael Toriz, additional, Ojeda, Alejandro Gonzalez, additional, Peón, Alberto Navarrete, additional, Lara, Maria Martínez, additional, Aliyu, Mohammed, additional, Fasiku, Olushola, additional, Ajai, Olalekan, additional, Adeniyi, Oluwafunmilayo, additional, Modekwe, Victor, additional, Adeniyi, Olumide, additional, Akaba, Godwin, additional, Inyang, Akan, additional, Adebayo, Sikiru, additional, Adesola, Muideen, additional, Enemuo, Vincent, additional, Ikechukwu, Iweha, additional, Mukantibaziyaremye, Deborah, additional, Maniraguha, Hope Lydia, additional, Mbonimpaye, Salomee, additional, Habumuremyi, Sosthene, additional, Ede, Chikwendu Jeffrey, additional, Mbavhalelo, Cynthia, additional, Laurberg, Soren, additional, Smart, Neil, additional, Koco, Houenoukpo, additional, Chobli, Hugues Herve, additional, Bisimwa, Nathan, additional, Appiah, Anthony Baffour, additional, Akesseh, Rebecca Adjeibah, additional, Boateng, Ruby Acheampong, additional, Fosu, Godfred, additional, Gawu, Victoria Sena, additional, Aseti, Mark, additional, Agbedinu, Kwabena, additional, Ametefe, Elikem, additional, Boateng, Guy Casskey, additional, Owusu, Junior Atta, additional, Doe, Stanley, additional, Ayingayure, Emmanuel, additional, Singh, Deepak, additional, Daniel, Swati, additional, Mittal, Rohin, additional, Kanna, Vinoth, additional, Mathew, Arpit, additional, Arellano, Ana Bogurin, additional, Miguelena, Luis Hernández, additional, Sansores, Luis Dominguez, additional, Velasco, Monica Jimenez, additional, Muñoz, Maria Paz, additional, Perez-Maldonado, Laura Martinez, additional, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, additional, Ogo, Chidiebere, additional, Akande, Olukemi, additional, Akinajo, Opeyemi, additional, Okoro, Chukwuemeka, additional, Adepiti, Akinfolarin, additional, Ameh, Lazarus, additional, Isa, Mary, additional, Ajao, Akinlabi, additional, Afolabi, Rafiat, additional, Eze, Matthew, additional, Nnyonno, Okoi, additional, Munyaneza, Aphrodis, additional, Mpirimbanyi, Christophe, additional, Mukakomite, Christine, additional, Haragirimana, Jean de Dieu, additional, Fourtounas, Maria, additional, Metchinhoungbe, Serge, additional, Kovohouande, Blaise, additional, Kandokponou, Covalic Melic Bokossa, additional, Asante-Asamani, Alvin, additional, Amponsah-Manu, Forster, additional, Koomson, Barbara, additional, Serbeh, Godwin, additional, Obbeng, Ambe, additional, Banka, Charles, additional, Gyamfi, Brian, additional, Agbeko, Anita Eseenam, additional, Amoako, Joachim Kwaku, additional, Luri, Prosper Tonwisi, additional, Kantanka, Ruth Sarfo, additional, Osman, Imoro, additional, Dhar, Tapasya, additional, Nagomy, Ida, additional, Kumar, Ashwani, additional, Prakash, Danita, additional, Torres, Edgar Cortes, additional, Romero, Marco Hurtado, additional, Mejia, Hector Ortiz, additional, de la Fuente, Alejandra Nayen Sainz, additional, Magashi, Mahmoud, additional, Atobatele, Kazeem, additional, Akinboyewa, David, additional, Uche, Chisom, additional, Aderounmu, Adewale, additional, Mbajiekwe, Ndubuisi, additional, Iseh, Faith, additional, Amusat, Olanrewaju, additional, Agodirin, Sulaiman, additional, Ezomike, Uchechukwu, additional, Okoro, Philemon, additional, Ndegamiye, Gibert, additional, Mutuyimana, Josiane, additional, Muroruhirwe, Piolette, additional, Imanishimwe, Alphonsine, additional, Hyman, Gabriella, additional, Sogbo, Hodonou, additional, Dokponou, Mireille, additional, Boakye, Benedict, additional, Ofosu-Akromah, Richard, additional, Kusiwaa, Ataa, additional, Gyan, Kofi Yeboah, additional, Ofosuhene, Doris, additional, Dadzie, Samuel, additional, Kontor, Bismark Effah, additional, Amankwa, Emmanuel Gyimah, additional, Attepor, Godsway Solomon, additional, Kobby, Ephraim, additional, Kunfah, Sheba, additional, Dhiman, Jyoti, additional, Selvakumar, Rajesh, additional, Singh, Gurtaj, additional, Susan, Anju, additional, Orozco, Clotilde Fuentes, additional, del Campo, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez, additional, de la Medina, Antonio Ramos De, additional, Muhammad, Abubakar, additional, Eke, Grace, additional, Alasi, Iyabo, additional, Ugwuanyi, Kenneth, additional, Adesunkanmi, Abdulhafiz, additional, Ogbo, Felix, additional, Marwa, Adams, additional, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, additional, Aremu, Isiaka, additional, Izuka, Emmanuel, additional, Patrick, Igwe, additional, Tubasiime, Ronald, additional, Mwenedata, Olivier, additional, Khan, Zafar, additional, Dossou, Francis Moïse, additional, Debrah, Samuel A, additional, Enti, Donald, additional, Twerefour, Emmanuel Yaw, additional, Nyarko, Isaac Omane, additional, Osei-Poku, Dorcas, additional, Essien, Derick, additional, Kyeremeh, Christian, additional, Amoah, Michael, additional, Brown, George Darko, additional, Larnyor, Kennedy Kofi Korankye-Hanson, additional, Limann, Gbana, additional, Shankar, Bharat, additional, Varghese, Rose, additional, de Rojas, Erick González García, additional, Muhammad, Saminu, additional, Faboya, Omolara, additional, Alakaloko, Felix, additional, Ugwunne, Chuka, additional, Adisa, Adewale, additional, Olori, Samson, additional, Ogbeche, Sunday, additional, Egbuchulem, Kelvin, additional, Bello, Jibril, additional, Mbadiwe, Okezie, additional, Raphael, John, additional, Rwagahirima, Elisee, additional, Mukanyange, Violette, additional, Kwati, Morapedi, additional, Dzemta, Corinne, additional, Ganiyu, Rahman Adebisi, additional, Robertson, Zelda, additional, Puozaa, Diana, additional, Manu, Ruth, additional, Amoah, George, additional, Fenu, Benjamin, additional, Osei, Edwin, additional, Mohammed, Shamudeen Alhassan, additional, Goyal, Sunita, additional, Sivakumar, Moonish, additional, Ojeda, Alejandro González, additional, Muideen, Bello, additional, Imam, Zainab, additional, Atoyebi, Oluwole, additional, Ajekwu, Samuel, additional, Osagie, Olabisi, additional, Olory, Edima, additional, Ekwuazi, Hyginus, additional, Lawal, Saheed, additional, Mbah, Ngozi, additional, Vaduneme, Oriji, additional, Uwizeyimana, Francine, additional, Munyaneza, Emmanuel, additional, Mathe, Mpho Nosipho, additional, Gaou, Antoine, additional, Koggoh, Patience, additional, Tackie, Enoch, additional, Hussey, Romeo, additional, Mensah, Elijah, additional, Appiah, Juliana, additional, Kumassah, Philemon Kwame, additional, Owusu, Prince Yeboah, additional, Mohammed, Sheriff, additional, Goyal, Ankush, additional, Sridhar, Rajeevan, additional, Ramírez, Bertha Guzmán, additional, Takai, Idris, additional, Momson, Esther, additional, Balogun, Olanrewaju, additional, Ajenjfuja, Olusegun, additional, Sadiq, Abu, additional, Udie, Gabriel, additional, Elemile, Peter, additional, Lawal, Abdulwahab, additional, Victor, Abhulimen, additional, Zirikana, Job, additional, Mutabazi, Emmanuel, additional, Heritage, Emily, additional, Goudou, Roland, additional, Kpankpari, Richard, additional, Temitope, Arkorful Ebenezer, additional, Kwarteng, Jemima, additional, Solae, Friko Ibrahim, additional, Arthur, Joshua, additional, Olayiwola, David Olatayo, additional, Sie-Broni, Clement Ayum, additional, Musah, Yakubu, additional, Thomas, Cecil, additional, Valadez, Michel Hernández Valadez, additional, Ukata, Onyekachi, additional, Nwaenyi, Francisca, additional, Belie, Orimisan, additional, Akindojutimi, Jerrie, additional, Sani, Samuel, additional, Udosen, Joseph, additional, Lawal, Taiwo, additional, Raji, Hadijat, additional, Ncogoza, Isaie, additional, Nhlabathi, Ncamsile Anthea, additional, Hedefoun, Emmanuel, additional, Opandoh, Isabella Naa M., additional, Sowah, Naa Anyekaa, additional, Toffah, Gideon Kwasi, additional, Ayim, Alex, additional, Wordui, Theodore, additional, Zume, Marshall, additional, Ofori, Bernard, additional, Hans, Monika, additional, Titus, Devabalan, additional, Acevedo, Diego Luna, additional, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, additional, Bode, Christopher, additional, Akinkuolie, Akinbolaji, additional, Tabuanu, Nancy, additional, Usang, Usang, additional, Lawal, Olatunji, additional, Sayomi, Olayinka, additional, Nxumalo, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe, additional, Kroese, Karolin, additional, Houtoukpe, Sunday, additional, Manu, Meshach Agyemang, additional, Yeboah, Grace, additional, Ayodeji, Emmanuel Kafui, additional, Agboadoh, Nelson, additional, Owusu, Emmanuel Abem, additional, Haque, Parvez, additional, Galaviz, Rubén Morán, additional, Oludara, Mobolaji, additional, Ekwesianya, Andrew, additional, Alatise, Olusegun, additional, Uanikhoba, Martins, additional, Olagunju, Solomon, additional, Shittu, Asimiyu, additional, Nyirahabimana, Jeannette, additional, Pattinson, Paddy, additional, Lapitan, Carmela, additional, Kamga, Felix, additional, Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku, additional, Yeboah, Cynthia, additional, Boakye-Yiadom, Jonathan, additional, Saba, Abdul-Hafiz, additional, Konda, Samuel, additional, Flores, Oscar Olvera, additional, Omisanjo, Olufunmilade, additional, Elebute, Olumide, additional, Allen, Olubukola, additional, Osuala, Peter, additional, Urimubabo, Christian, additional, Sentholang, Nnosa, additional, Kiki-Migan, Eric, additional, Mensah, Samuel, additional, Boateng, Edward Amoah, additional, Seidu, Anwar Sadat, additional, Luther, Anil, additional, Navarro, José Pérez, additional, Oshodi, Olabode, additional, Ezenwankwo, Francis, additional, Amosu, Lukmon, additional, Suleman, Bamidele, additional, Sethoana, Mmule Evelyn, additional, Lissauer, David, additional, Lawani, Souliath, additional, Morna, Martin Tangnaa, additional, Dally, Charles, additional, Mahajan, Amit, additional, Belmontes, Kevin Pintor, additional, Oshodi, Yusuf, additional, Fatuga, Adedeji, additional, Archibong, Micheal, additional, Takure, Augustine, additional, Stassen, Maria Elizabeth, additional, Lawani, Ismaïl, additional, Nkrumah, John, additional, Davor, Anthony, additional, Yakubu, Mustapha, additional, Makkar, Shalini, additional, Marbello, Fernando Ramirez, additional, Oyewole, Yemisi, additional, Ihediwa, George, additional, Arowolo, Olukayode, additional, Thornley, Laura, additional, Loko, René, additional, Nortey, Michael, additional, Gyasi-Sarpong, Christian Kofi, additional, Yenli, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang, additional, Mandrelle, Kavita, additional, Ramírez-González, Luis, additional, Salami, Omotade, additional, Jimoh, Adesola, additional, Ayantona, Deborah, additional, Wondoh, Paul, additional, Mistry, Punam, additional, Moutaïrou, Afissatou, additional, Ofori, Emmanuel Owusu, additional, Hamidu, Naabo Nuhu Noel, additional, Michael, Vishal, additional, Aguirre, Laura Reyes, additional, Williams, Omolara, additional, Kuku, Jubril, additional, Ayinde, Ademola, additional, Monahan, Mark, additional, Ogouyemi, Pencome, additional, Quartson, Elizaberth Mercy Quartson, additional, Haruna, Iddrisu, additional, Mukherjee, Partho, additional, García, Ramona Rojas, additional, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, additional, Badejoko, Olusegun, additional, Soumanou, Fouad, additional, Kwarley, Naa, additional, Rajappa, Reuben, additional, Robles, Eduardo Valtierra, additional, Makanjuola, Ayomide, additional, Badmus, Tajudeen, additional, Tamadaho, Pia, additional, Lovi, Agbenya Kobla, additional, Singh, Prashant, additional, Mokwenyei, Olayanju, additional, Etonyeaku, Amarachukwu, additional, Zounon, Mack-Arthur, additional, Nimako, Boateng, additional, Suroy, Atul, additional, Nwokocha, Samuel, additional, Igbodike, Emeka, additional, Nyadu, Bertina Beauty, additional, Thind, Ravinder, additional, Ogein, Olubunmi, additional, Ijarotimi, Omotade, additional, Opoku, Dominic, additional, Thomas, Alen, additional, Ojewola, Rufus, additional, Lawal, Adedayo, additional, Osabutey, Anita, additional, Tuli, Arti, additional, Oladimeji, Abraham, additional, Nana, Fayowole, additional, Roberts, Tracy, additional, Sagoe, Robert, additional, Veetil, Sreejith, additional, Olajide, Thomas, additional, Oduanafolabi, Tunde, additional, Tuffour, Samuel, additional, Oluseye, Oluwaseun, additional, Olasehinde, Olalekan, additional, Tufour, Yaa, additional, Seyi-Olajide, Justina, additional, Olayemi, Olaniyi, additional, Winkles, Neil, additional, Yamoah, Francis Akwaw, additional, Soibi-Harry, Adaiah, additional, Omitinde, Stephen, additional, Yefieye, Abiboye Cheduko, additional, Ugwu, Aloy, additional, Oni, Owolabi, additional, Yorke, Joseph, additional, Williams, Emmanuel, additional, Onyeze, Chigozie, additional, Orji, Ernest, additional, Rotimi, Adewale, additional, Salako, Abdulkadir, additional, Solaja, Olufemi, additional, Sowemimo, Oluwaseun, additional, Talabi, Ademola, additional, Tajudeen, Mohammed, additional, and Wuraola, Funmilola, additional
Published: 2023
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14. Generation Methodology for Good-Enough Approximate Modules of ATMR

Author: Hassan, Abdus Sami, Arifeen, Tooba, Moradian, Hossein, and Lee, Jeong-A
Published: 2018
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15. Biplane double supported screw fixation for femoral neck fracture in young adults: A prospective cohort study

Author: Abdus Sami, Rahul Prabhakar, Ajay Kumar Yadav, and Vijay Kumar Jain
Subjects: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Abstract: Achieving accurate anatomic reduction and stable internal fixation is mandatory in the management of femoral neck fractures (FNF) in adults. The spatial configuration and direction of the screws have been reported to provide stability to the fracture. The study's goal is to analyse the clinico-radiological outcome of the newer biplane double-supported screw fixation (BDSF) technique in the Indian cohort.Patients with isolated FNFs underwent osteo-synthesis by BDSF technique. Radiological outcome was evaluated by time to union and fracture healing on plain radiographs. Clinical outcome was measured using the Harris hip score (HHS) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The pain reduction was measured using the VAS score.Twenty-seven patients with a mean age of 37.33 ± 9.84 years (24-55 years) were followed up for at least 12 months (12-31 months). The mean HHS at 12 months was 94.81 ± 8.18 (range: 68-100). Twenty-five patients were able to achieve radiological union within a mean time of 14.60 ± 4.69 weeks (range: 8-28). The overall complication rate was found to be 18.51% (5 out of 27 patients). Individual complications were non-union (2 patients; 7.4%), AVN (3 patients; 11.11%), and screw back out with femoral neck shortening (4 patients; 14.81%).Screw configuration using the BDSF technique provides a good union rate with minimum complications. The majority of patients resulted in a good (HHS80) to excellent functional outcome. Based on the clinico-radiological outcome obtained, we conclude that this technique is effective in the fixation of FNF in adults.Level II.
Published: 2022
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16. Surgical Management of Paediatric Thoracolumbar Tuberculosis by a Combination of Anterior and Posterior Versus Posterior Only Approach: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author: Gaurav Kumar Upadhyaya, Abdus Sami, Mohit Kumar Patralekh, Anil Agarwal, Karthikeyan P. Iyengar, Aayush Aryal, Pragya Bhagwati, Bhavuk Garg, and Vijay Kumar Jain
Subjects: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, Neurology (clinical)
Abstract: Study Design Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed to assess effectiveness, safety, clinical, functional and radiological outcome of either combined anteroposterior or posterior-only approach in the surgical management of active tubercular disease of paediatric thoracolumbar spine. Methods A systematic literature search through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library database was performed. Data extraction was undertaken following methodological quality assessment. Results 9 out of the 182 publications identified, were included for analysis. A total of 247 patients were analysed. Two amongst the 9 studies were retrospective comparative studies evaluating posterior approach with combined anteroposterior approach and were considered for comparative meta-analysis. Blood loss and duration of surgery was significantly higher in the anteroposterior group, as compared to the posterior-only group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of post-operative kyphosis angles, final kyphosis angles, number of complications, functional outcome and spinal fusion time. However, all the included studies were non-randomised and retrospective. Only 2 of them had a control group with a high heterogeneity amongst these 2 studies. Conclusion The inference from the studies included in this review suggests that equivalent results can be achieved with posterior-only approach for thoracolumbar tuberculosis in children as compared to anteroposterior approach, with much lower complexity, reduced blood loss and shorter surgical time. However, due to the high risk of bias and considerable heterogeneity among the studies included, we cannot conclude whether one approach is better than the other.
Published: 2022
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17. Atrial fibrillation in UK South Asian hospitalized ischemic stroke patients: The BRAINS study

Author: Aurelius, Taylor, primary, Ken-Dror, Gie, additional, Sharma, Sapna D., additional, Amlani, Sageet, additional, Gunathilagan, Gunaratnam, additional, Cohen, David L., additional, Rajkumar, Chakravarthi, additional, Maguire, Stuart, additional, Ispoglou, Sissi, additional, Balogun, Ibrahim, additional, Parry, Anthea, additional, Sekaran, Lakshmanan, additional, Syed, Hafiz, additional, Lawrence, Enas, additional, Singh, Ravneeta, additional, Hassan, Ahamad, additional, Wharton, Chris, additional, Javaid, Khalid, additional, Goorah, Neetish, additional, Carr, Peter, additional, Abdus Sami, Eman, additional, and Sharma, Pankaj, additional
Published: 2023
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18. Understanding the performance of a pan-African intervention to reduce postoperative mortality: a mixed-methods process evaluation of the ASOS-2 trial

Author: Nicola Vickery, Timothy Stephens, Leon du Toit, Dawid van Straaten, Rupert Pearse, Alexandra Torborg, Lucy Rolt, Mariechen Puchert, Graham Martin, Bruce Biccard, Bruce M. Biccard, Maia Lesosky, Tim Stephens, Landon Myer, Agya BA. Prempeh, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed Elfagieh, Bernard Mbwele, Mpoki Ulisubisya, Lazaro Mboma, Daniel Z. Ashebir, Mahlet Tesfaye Bahta, Mohammed Hassen, Mikiyas Teferi, Yakob Seman, Eugene Zoumenou, Adam Hewitt-Smith, Janat Tumukunde, Dolly Munlemvo, Atilio Morais, Apollo Basenero, Pisirai Ndarukwa, Nazinigouba Ouerdraogo, Maman Sani Chaibou, Mohyeddine Zarouf, Ahmed Rhassane El Adib, Veekash Gobin, Zimogo Sanogo, Youssouf Coulibaly, Zipporah Ngumi, Tarig Fadalla, Cynthia Iradukunda, Vénérand Barendegere, Isaac O. Smalle, Mustapha Bittaye, Ahmadou Lamin Samateh, Mahmoud Elfiky, Maher Fawzy, Wakisa Mulwafu, Vanessa Msosa, Lygia Lopes, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, Hamza D. Sama, Patrice Forget, Rupert M. Pearse, Marichen Puchert, Kris Schwebler, Freddy Kabambi, Tebogo Mabotja, Leandys Cobas, Albino Freitas, Maria Antunes, Bartolomeu Cabo, Domingos Paulo, Carlos Camongua, Yvette Avognon, Osseni Marcos, Raymond Kintomonho, Onesime Demahou, Gisèle Hounsa, Hugues Chobli, Elie Fassinou, Aurore Zoglobossou, Blaise Tchaou, Charles Tchegnonsi, Fifame Amadji, Francine Bossa, Ernest Ahounou, Djima Alao, Roushdane Odérémi, Afissatou Montairou, Oswald Gbehade, Romaric Tobome, Adam Boukari, Patrick Bakantieba, Arouna Sambo, Fanou Lionelle, Nounagnon Gilbert, Julien Attinon, Roger Klikpezo, Aumar Dadjo, Dénis Fanou, Gilberte Hounkpe, Bachabi Fafana, Néné Nguilu, Bodourin Dossou-Yovo, Chantal Segla, Mohamed Toko, Evelyne Gnele-Dedewanou, Michel Noukounwoui, Ethienne Yado, Timothé Gouroubéra, Valéry Adjignon, Serge Mewanou, Aïcha Tchomgang, Urielle Agossou, Fernand Soton, Charbel Azanlin, Lidwine Zomahoun, Rawéléguinbasba Armel Flavien Kabore, Salam Savadogo, Fatou Fleur Rosine Sanou, Farid Belém, Victoria Hien, Cheik Tidiane Hafid W. Bougouma, Sie Ahmed Ouattara, Mariam Bambara Kabore, Ouedraogo Nazinigouba, Papougnezambo Bonkoungou, Martin Lankoandé, Mireille Traoré, Patrick Sawadogo, Inès Wenmenga, Boureima Kinda, André Simporé, Christian Sapo, Salah Idriss Traore, Haoua Dipama, Lydie WR. Kaboré, Salifou Napon, Télesphore G. Kaboré, Arouna Louré, Pélagie PP. Tondé, Christian Zoundi, Martin Lankoande, Harouna Sanou, Remy Ndikumana, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Gregory Sund, Alliance Niyukuri, Axel Kwizera, Jean-Claude Niyondiko, Adolphe Manzanza Kilembe, Jean Pierre Mwema Ilunga, Nehema Hailemariam Sarah, Gabriel Mubobo Makeya, Idesbald Mwebe Mwepu, Ted Botawaosenge Likongo, Richard Kapela Mvwala, Raphael Nzau Kapend Mubunda, Noellie Kanka Mukuna, Julie Djondo Pembe, Nicolas Lumuanga Ndaye, Eric Bibonge Amisi, Mike Ilunga Madika, Joe Kembo Lungela, Didier Ndonda Mayemba, Philomene Mamba Diyoyo, Alex Mbo Ngalala, Martin Mamba Mukenga, Patricia Tito Kabuni, Dany Bolimo Mpoto, Herve Inesnku Mole, Louise Keby, Oria Andavo Buti, Anselme Phaka, Belinda Mayenge, Jean Jeacques Kabuley Kalongo, Timothe Kemfuni Mawisa, Rodrigue Tondo Ngwizani, Kuyala Leya, Dieudonne Kisile Sanduku, Timothe Nkemfuni Mawisa, Coco Nseke Mfumu, Mbuta Bolenge, Desire Kinzenzengu Kabuce, Patrick Kintieti, Amelia Mbuluku, Vicky Mahuwa, Tharcice Khonde Mabiala, Guilain Ngoy, Patrick Boloko, Nono Mazangama Mvwama, Jose Kengbanda, Pitchou Mushimbonga, Blaise Kuhapala, Nzosani Marcel, Kienze Guylain, Gerard Mboma, Sandra Zalambo Sagboze, Michel Muteya Manika, Jean Pierre Mumbere Kigayi, Roger Mukanire Cishugi, Placide Buhendwa Mugisho, Roger Baguma, Moïse Kongolo, Michel Mandungu Mbayabu, Crispin Mukendi Muamba, Edmond Banema Kapinga, Vasco Ngolela Kapinga, Guylain Tshimanga Nsumpi, Patrick Kanda Odia, Salomon Bingidimi, Gilbert Kpengbemale, Desire Hubert Bofunga Bosonga Imposo, Patricia Matondo, Servet Lelo, Jeremie Kalambayi, Mohamed Abdel-Ghaffar, Abdelrahman Soliman, Mostafa Abdelrahman, Sameh Shehata, Alia Rabee, Mohamed Abou Heba, Mohamed Rabei Abdelfattah, Tamer Ahmed Maher Ghoniem, Sherif M.K. Shehata, Mohamed Lotfy, Ahmed ElHaddad, Bereket Gebremeskel, Girmay Fisseha, Mebrahtu Abay, Degena Bahrey, Assefa Hika, Abdurezak Ali, Kindie Moges, Jemal Ahmed, Desalegn Abdisa, Abebe Megersa, Wendwosen Abayne, Haftom Berhane, Reiye Esayas, Fitsum Kifle, Kokeb Desita, Abebe Addise, Dagim Shimelash, Shitalem Tadesse, Bezaye Zemedkun, Peniel Kenna, Ayenew Yirdie, Abinet Sisay, Tebikew Gashu, Fassil Mihretu, Yesuf Ahmed, Bekele Debebe, Abdureuf Misgea, Amare Agmas, Rahel Assefa, Abdurahman Gelmo, Seifu Alemu, Brook Damtachew, Merid Mersha, Yaekob Chemere, Samuel Fekadu, Sintayehu Regasa, Bonsa Sileshi, Desalegn Wosen, Rebira Adamu, Gersam Mulugeta, Teshome Bacha, Zewude Gudisa, Kebebe Bekele, Alelign Tasew, Habtamu Gezahegn, Daniel Atlaw, Damtew Solomon, Habtemariam Gebresillasie, Girmaye Tesfaye, Negussie Sarbecha, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Kenbon Seyoum, Gemechu Ganfure, Yohannes Tekalegn, Gosa Tesfaye, Temesgen Ayichew, Shibiru Sendaba, Musefa Redwan, Eyasu Muse, Girma Nina, Bizuneh Sime, Addisalem Tadege, Anbesse Jima, Nugusu Ayalew, Dagmawi Workneh, Daniel Teferi, Momodou T. Nyassi, Landing N. Sanyang, Omar Jallow, Abdoulie Keita, Kitabu Jammeh, Charles Roberts, Patrick Idoko, Kebba Marenah, Masirending Njie, Musa Marena, Karamba Suwareh, Simon Boissey, Fatoumatta Jarjusey, Awa Jah, Awa Sanyang, Dado Jabbi, Kajali Camara, Armando Correa, John Jabang, Lamin Jaiteh, Lamin Dampha, Aminata Manneh, Baboucarr Sowe, Abdoulie Bah, Edrisa Jawo, Victoria Okoje, Momodou Baro, Yaya Bah, Mustapha Njie, Sainabou Mbowe, Ebrima Kanteh, Sarjo Ceesay, Alagie Manneh, Evans Atito-Narh, Adwoa Wilson, Romeo Hussey, Emmanuel Okine, Jemima Kwarteng, Ridge Ntiamoah, Samuel Dadzie, Mark Aseti, Naa Sowah, Akosua Appiah, Charles Bankah, Patrick Mburugu, Thomas Chokwe, Patrick Olang, Vernon Gacii, Susane Nabulindo, Antony Gatheru, Timothy Mwiti, Caroline Mwangi, Julius Muriithi, Daniel Ojuka, Omondi Ogutu, Evans Masitara, Mohamed Chaudhry, Reuben Kamundi, Annmarie Kangangi, Thomas Massaquoi, Stephen Takow, Felister Moraa, Aziz Munubi, Moses Kimani, Adili Wobenjo, Linda Nguu, Vincent Omeddo, Rose Malaba, Ambrose Nabwana, Anita Mwancha, Alexandria Mugaa, John Wamwaki, Joyce Chege, Seymour Sinari, Andrew Ndonga, Rose Shitsinzi, Walter Akello, Winfred Kimani, Elisha Kirwa, Seno Saruni, Andrew Wainaina, Ernest Nshom, Aidah Kenseko, Kizito Shisanya, Purity Wanjiru, Julliah Cherotich, Judy Kimutai, Benson Wahome, Grace Wangui, Dennis Wamalwa, Stephen Mwangi, John Chege, Tabitha Wanjiku, Carolyne Njoki, Wachira Waititu, Conrad Ambani, Samuel Murimi, Sharon Waithira, Nilson Mouti, Collins Kibet, John Kibet, Virginia Sokobe, Beatrice Jeymah, Antony Kamadi, Faith Gichuri, Steve Moses, David Wasike, Favours Adeya, Caesar Bitta, Stephen Ogendo, Killian Kariuki, Hdaya BenAbdalla, Taha Suliaman, Fatima Ali Abokhzam, Mohaned Isa, Mohammed Huwaysh, Asma Bourawi, Kais Alzubaidy, Mohammed Albaraesi, Sumayyah Bahroun, Abdulmueti Alhadi, Ahmed Msherghi, Amira Mohamed, Ala Khaled, Nouran Aljadi, Elham Bareig, Khaled Elgazwi, Adel Elgazwi, Ibrahim El-busife, Safa Owhida, Almahdi Eltwati, Samah Elakeili, Taha Abubaker, Fatima Elkhfeefi, Soha Younis Hasan, Amal Alttaira, Imbarkah Elmraied, Rim Wishah, Omar Abugassa, Hazem Ahmed, Amera Ellafi, Shoukrie Shoukrie, Nawal Aldokali, Aws ElGammudi, Akram Alkaseek, Hoda Elhaddad, Ayyah Alqaarh, Ahlam Brish, Malek Abudsnnuga, Salsabil Albuaishi, Mohammed Albashri, Marwa Morgom, Mohammed Alawami, Eman Shawesh, Abdullah Almabrouk, Moaz Alwarfalli, Nagia Abeid, Anis Buzreg, Ans Malek, Ameerah Abayu, Butaina Abdulhafith, Wedad Abouruwes, Marim Albakuri, Sabria Almuammari, Esam Alsaghair, Fatheia Alreshi, Hassan Badi, Rabiee Alfetoey, Naji Zubia, Bushray Almiqlash, Abdulsalam Alshuhoumi, Rayet Al-islam Ben Jouira, Amaal Dier, Essra Gebril, Mohammed Abdelkabir, Sana Moussa, Marwa Alfitori, Mabroukah Azbeda, Hajar Alamin, Ejmeya Barka, Omlsaad Mosbah, Rema Abdasalam, Miftah Hiyoum, Maryam Abd allateef, Ibrahim Altomi, Mahdi Alsakloul, Ekhlas Karami, Munyah Alriqeeq, Mabruka Omar, Ashraf Samer, Aml Aemeesh, Ahmad Bouhuwaish, Ahmed Elusta, Sultan Ahmeed, Wesal AlFighi Hassan, Mouadah Ali Altayr, Mohamed Addalla, Abrar Geddeda, Kheria Khoja, Doaa Alhaj, Muaad Etturki, Ahmed Elhadi, Ibrahim Ellojli, Anshirah Shuwayyah, Ahmed Elfaghih, Malak Alduwayb, Mohamed Aleiyan, Wedad Aboubreeq, Soliman Alkassem, Sami Ashour, Hayat Ben Hasan, Najat Ben Hasan, Ali Yahya, Palesa Chisala, Edward Kommwa, Lusayo Simwinga, Agness Chalira, Precious Kachitsa, Onias Mtalimanja, Drissa Traoré, Moussa Sissoko, Moussa Camara, Adama Koita, Sekou Koumaré, Omar Sacko, Mahamadou Coulibaly, Lamine Soumaré, Soumaïla Keita, Sidiki Keita, Hamadoun Dicko, Boubacar Diallo, Boureima Bengaly, Mohamed Keita, Siaka Diallo, Drissa Ouattara, Nouhoun Ongoiba, Seydina Beye, Honoré Berthe, Mamadou Diakite, Mamadou Sima, Adégné Togo, Bakary Dembele, Djibo Diango, Moussa Samake, Youssouf Traoré, Louis Traoré, Ongoïba Oumar, Sogoba Gaoussou, Issaga Traoré, Sidy Sangaré, Doua Kanté, Lassana Cissé, Thiam Souleymane, Keita Koniba, Sundaresan Maiyalagan, Julien Chong, Adil Mohit, Khushyant Mungar, Shankaran Vinayagam, Kevin Ramlochun, Jamie Sim, Desai Sneha, Vishaal Kissoon, Yan Tseung, Mohamed Aboobakar, Nitish Fokeerah, Ravi Ramsewak, Jayprakash Gopall, Meetheelesh Abeeluck, Varun Seewoo, Divyanand Jankee, Ashveen Puryag, Senthil Beemadoo, Yashraj Deenoo, Abhisek Goureah, Munawwara Makoon, Hemanshu Rambojan, Beeharry Shanjugsingh, Kevin Viraswami, Shehzaad Joomye, Ashwant Bhugwandass, Bibi Deelawar, Vakil Leelodharry, Luckshmanraj Mungur, Sajid Aungraheeta, Sirsingh Bhajoo, Manpreet Rajcoomar, Rishi Seetaram, Subha Gaya, Gini Batra, Yoshvin Sunnassee, Shailendra Petkar, Sbai Hicham, Labib Smail, Ait Laalim Said, Motaai Youssef, Mouhssine Doumiri, Mustapha Alilou, Nora Farnaoui, Mustapha Bensghir, Abdelghafour Elkoundi, Abdelhamid Jaafari, Abderhmann Elwali, Mohammed Meziane, Walid Atmani, Houssam Rebahi, Hajar Chichou, Safae Zarouf, Abderraouf Soummani, Abou Elhassan Taoufik, Meryem Essafti, Aminata Oumou Traoré, Hamzaoui Hamza, Adnane Berdai, El allani Linda, Salhi Oussama, Nelson Mucopo, Machado Banze, Mouzinho Saide, Tomas Sitoi, Artur Machava, Antonio Carlos, Amilton Guidione, Antonio Saide de Carvalho, Natacha Gemo, Samiro Sema Camal, Arsénio Cuna, Ornelos Madeira, Ladino Assuade, Dercio Amde Fernandes, Dulce Alexandre Machavae Fernandes, Mandua Sebastião, Bernard Sikombe, Matti Kandjimi, Ayoub Shekimweri, Diana Shilomboleni, Mbaundju Kandjii, Leonard Kabongo, Cholastic Hangero, Ike Ndjoze, Ruben Nailonga, Immanuel Uukonga, Uutoni Nakanyala, Lavinia Johannes, Adrian Haruzuvi, Chris Terblanche, Natangwe Shimenda, Delwina Katjipu, Hilma Shalimba, Juliah Kaweendwa, Ali Mbuyi, John Oyedele, Mapumba Mulolo, Peter Njuki, Mutombo Ndaie, Akutu Munyika, Hilma Katangolo, David Tjiyokola, Tawanda Mhene, Archbald Masiambiri, Paidamoyo Mandudzo, Sandra Kapepiso, Haziel Mavesere, Cedia Tjihoto, Daylight Manyere, Charlotte Kauraisa, Learnmore Garanowako, Michael Tune, William DeKlerk, Benvenue Ndolo, Maria Angula, Ndapewoshali Hishekwa, Elizabeth Nandjendja, Elsabe Tsauses, Eunice Mouton, Kudzai Katandawa, Sophia Bruwer, Jaydee Van Staden, Beata Siteketa, Beata Kaholongo, Martha Ntinda, Pueya Nashidengo, Johanna Kandjumbwa, Lahia Lipumbu, Moussa Sirfi, Fouma Djibo, Moutari Mahaman, Abdoulaye Mahaman Bachir, Maikassoua Mamane, Adakal Ousseini, Maman Noury Hamissou Souley, Rabo Oumarou, Rekia Idrissa, Moussa Ichaou, Amina Saley, Abdoulay Seyni, Sahabi Amadou, Mahamane Sani Mahamane Laminou, Issoufou Moustapha Camara, Moussa Gagara, Hadjara Rabiou Daddy, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Sabo Ramatou, Saidu Kadas, Rabiu Mohammed, Abubakar Ballah, Tella Olalekan, Kefas Bwala, Mohammed Adamu, Adamu Isa, Ademola Adeyeye, Samuel Fayose, Akinola Akinmade, Taiwo Ajayi, Elizabeth Nwasor, Saidu Yakubu, Euphemia Ugwu, George Mukoro, Muhammed Ahmed, Gideon Akafa, Ahmad Lawal, Daniel Nwoye, Michael Odigbo, Zulaihatu Sarkin-Pawa, Tunde Sholadoye, Benjamin Fomete, Hamisu Yakubu, Abdulkadir Kabiru, Samaila Timothy, Ali Yusuf, Tasiu Saadu, Babangida Mohammed, Abdulghaffar Yunus, Ganiyat Olagunju, Muhammad Aminu, Mohammad Idris, Musliu Tolani, Nasiru Dalhat, Samuel Gana, Talent Adike, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Abdurrahman Sheshe, Sani Aji, Mamuda Atiku, Raphael Attah, Abubakar Muhammed, Rasaki Oseni, Halima Salisu-Kabara, Benjamin Nkemjika, Omotayo Salami, Adekunle Akadri, Bukola Olayinka, Clement Onuoha, Umar Usman Jamaare, Auwalu Saminu Jibrin, Sani Giade Abdullahi, Ibrahim Ishaku, Adenike Odewabi, John Bamigboye, Oladapo Kuforiji, Chidiebere Ogo, Stella Ogunmuyiwa, Abdussemee Abdurrazzaaq, Adebayo Tanimola, Michael Adeyanju, Oluwatimilehin Andero, Temitope Ojo, Olusi Adedotun, Gbadamosi Kehinde, Jimoh Buraimoh, Kabiru Muhammad, Sophia Baidoo, Patrick Okoli, Azeez Adigun, Ekene Ezeonye, Kabir Isa, Yetunde Aremu-Kasumu, Kamil Shoretire, Peter Enesi, Amechi Ezike, Olatunde Olawoye, Emmanuel Ugwu, Christopher Ukah, Abolade Olugbenga, Nwachukwu Chidiebere, Nasiru Abdulraman, Adebiyi Olusegun, Alisa Halisa, Semiat Yusuf, Jamila Salisu, Chidiebube Okoro, Abdul Suleiman, Fabian Onowighose, Aliyu Farinyaro, Suleiman Baba, Umar Abdulmajid, Aisha Abdurrahman, Ogochukwu Obi, Olatunde Alabi, William Adeyemi, Jelili Salau, Jones Taiwo, Nnaemeka Nwafulume, Taiye Ibiyeye, Edith Agu, Ayodeji Danboy, James Abdulazeez, Christopher Ekwunife, Chimaobi Nnaji, Chigozirim Onyekpere, Amara Arunsi, Jude Egwim, Obianuju Nwana, Nnabuike Ojiegbe, Charles Mbamba, Paul Ngwu, Frank Imahigbe, Emmanuel Okoroji, Iloh Ikenna, Abdulrahman Mohammed, Adebayo Adeniyi, Toluwalope Ariyo, Olajide Gabriel, Tesleem Orewole, Salawu Idris, Idowu Adebara, Abiodun Okunlola, Akinwale Akinbade, Oluwasesan Afolabi, Adewumi Bakare, Olabisi Adeyemo, Benjamin Ugwu, Samuel Nuhu, Henry Embu, Erdoo Isamade, Chinedu Obikili, Amaka Ocheke, Solomon Peter, Donald Orshio, Peter Onuminya, Jack Okopi, Olufemi Bankole, Bosede Afolabi, Dapo Osinowo, Ayodeji Oluwole, Muyiwa Rotimi, Ibironke Desalu, Rufus Ojewola, Bolaji Mofikoya, Kola Owonikoko, Adeolu Adeoye, Temidayo Bobo, Taiwo Akinloye, David Ama, Ebere Okoronkwo, Muhammad Mahmud, Jamiu Adebiyi, Temitope Babalola, Mansur Muhammad, Afeez Aruna, Maryrose Osazuwa, Ayodeji Yusuf, Isiaka Lawal, Bitrus Fidelis, Rephath Pius, Cyril Jomosu, Adebayo Adedayo, Abubakar Aliyu, Adaora Agholor, Abdullateef Abdulazeez, Chabiya Bala, Eziamaka Eze, Elizabeth Ani, Uchenna Okeke, Dominica Adebayo, Okechukwu Ekwunife, Victor Modekwe, Chuka Ugwunne, Chukwuemeka Okoro, Chisom Uche, Simeon Olateju, Fred Ige-Orhionkpaibima, Adedapo Adetoye, Olurotimi Aaron, Jeremiah Abimbola, Folayemi Faponle, Olumuyiwa Ajayeoba, Olusoji Jagun, Oluwabunmi Fatungase, Adeniyi Akiseku, Chigbundu Nwokoro, Ramotalai Shoyemi, Ibukunolu Ogundele, Nankat Joseph, Salihu Bura, Chukwuka Nwezoku, Manu Bwala, Meshach Philips, Abubakar Usman, Emmanuel Filibus, Zara Umate, Nwabuoke Chukwuka, Ahmed Nuhu, Watakiri Ibrahim, James Nggada, Ali Izge, Musa Ismail, Olayinka Eyelade, Tinuola Adigun, Babatunde Osinaike, Olayinka Ogunbode, Olusola Idowu, Taiwo Lawal, Temidayo Ogundiran, Olayiwola Shittu, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Stephen Edino, Zumnan Songden, Olumide Akitoye, Bissallah Ekele, Godwin Akaba, Terkaa Atim, Akitoye Adeleke, Owoicho Okochi, Sunday Akeju, Ernest Ukpoju, Osayomwanbo Osaheni, Ifunanya Obaseki, Lateef Kehinde, Osawemwenze Monday, Stanley Nte, Adesuwa Agboifo, Omajuwa Dawodu, Precious Orhiere, David Atiti, Queeneth Kalu, Felix Effiom, Israel Kolawole, Olawale Ojo, Afusat Olabinjo, Olufemi Ige, Beatrice Ogunyemi, Olusola Oladosu, Kikelomo Adesina, Sulaiman Agodirin, Asimiyu Shittu, Audu Idrisa, Sadiq Adamu, Nuhu Ali, Olayinka Adewunmi, Stephen Nwankwor, Akinwumi Olakanmi, Oluseye Ajayi, Ayotolu Ajayi, Victor Ogunmola, Oluwafunke Olakanmi, Adam Kuranga, Enoch Uche, Chukwuemeka Osuagwu, Chukwudi Ilo, Mesi Matthew, Uko Uko, Ngozi Mba, Olubusola Alagbe-Briggs, Amabra Dodiyi-Manuel, Bisola Onajin-Obembe, Bright Obasuyi, Richard Echem, Ihuoma Mike-Elechi, Job Otokwala, Mark Edubio, Catherine Eyo, Isaac Udo, Aliyu Abdulrahman, A.A. Abdullahi, Ibrahim Galadima Bello, Usman Adinoyin Mohammed, Abidemi Oyaromade, Mohammed Bello, Usman Muhammad, Emeri Mbah, Hyacinth Okereke, Almustapha Aminu, Anthony Ahmadu, Abu Rogers, Peter Samai, Sao Amara, Margaret Yankuba, Mary Josayah, Jayah Swarray Jnr, Alusine Dawo, Peter George, Mustapha Kabba, Mohamed Bah, Charles Mondeh, Ibrahim Kapuwa, Mohamed Sheku, Philip Mattia, Brima Sesay, Jones O.A. Omoshoro-Jones, Motselisi Mbeki, Estie Cloete, Philip Anderson, Busi Mrara, Annemarie Steyn, Tsakani Mhlari, Nic Proctor, Caroline Robertson, Gillian Lamacroft, Usha Singh, Sebenzile Sikhakhane, Kelly Gate, Shepherd Nzenza, John Tshimbalanga Kasonga, Sibongile Ndebele, Patrick Lufuta Kande, Jody Davids, Tino-vito Orlandi, Marischka de Jong, Hugo Stark, Francois Roodt, Jonathan Hall, Ian Nortje, Akanimo Akpakan, Vishendran Govindasamy, Ronisha Sathiram, Mohammad Kathrada, Zane Farina, Lucio Frittella, Charles Kohler, Sibuyiselwe Lubelwana, Sarwat Ikram-Hameed, Adriaan Smit, Muneerah Cassiem, Yvonne Freeman, Saaliha Goga, Larissa Cronje, Constantin Buzdugan, Subash Chirkut, Priyadeshni Singh, Sandhya Jithoo, Vivesh Rughubar, John Arnold, Rishan Bipath, Suman Mewa Kinoo, Ncumisa Khanyisa Msolo, Fleur Ackermans-Deijnen, Tshegofatso Mmasello Emma Boka, Martyn Biccard Greenwood, Shakthi Anand Jayrajh, Devarani Naidoo, Syndrini Reddy, Devandiran Harriraman Rungan, Kylene Subrayen, John Roos, Nina Tredoux, Pascal Plumacher, Anthony Reed, Harald Steinhaus, Mariesa Nock, Paul Ryan Herselman, Gareth Davies, Talitha Harvey, Franklin Muller, Willem Naude, Tania Pretorius, Johan Jochemus Swart, Merryn Walls, Prashant Gokal, Nicolette Rorke, Farzaana Dhoodhat, Precious Dzanibe, Mohammed Yusuf Hussain, Ashmita Junpath, Ameela Maharaj, Hylda Makanisi, Khalid Moosa, Ting Ting Wong, Sean Mould, Trisha Ramsamy, Roel Matos-Puig, Hayley Morgan, Nadeem Nabeebuccas, Ria Devi Naidoo, Viantha Pather, Vasheel Vasheel Bahadur, Renilda Pillay, Zahnne Fullerton, Nicole Bell, Bongisa Grey, Vincent Lorenzo Visentin, Hendrik Adriaan Van Zyl, Terri Anne Killingbeck, Emile Maneveldt, Gerhard Thiart, Magdelena May Venter, Oostewalt Swart, Mariette Grobelaar, Carel Cairns, David Bishop, Christien Steenkamp, Thandekile Khumalo, Noel Naidoo, Ross Murray, Martin Kopieniak, Melusi Sishange, Mxolisi Brian Ndimande, Megan Jaworska, Sarwat Ikram, Bence Rainier, Renier J. Liebenberg, Helena D. Zwiegers, Philip M. Nortje, Kamal Bhagwan, Margot Flint, Robert Dyer, Simone Adams, Yoshua Bwambale, Danny Ngomo, Patrice Kanku, Nivashen Pillay, Alexa de Castro, Atisha Maharaj, Janine Carim, Jenna Leigh Taylor, Karl M. Köhne, Leanne W. Drummond, Leanne Temlett, Lieze Geldenhuys, Yvonne Seilbea, Kathryn Naidoo, Nicola A. Kalafatis, Stefné Verwey, Thulile Biyase, Theroshnie Kisten, Belinda S. Kusel, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Richard Magagula, Christian Kampik, Kuzolunga Xulu, Sivuyisiwe Solala, Mia Sayed, Basil Enicker, Anil Madaree, Innocent Mukama, Gladmore Madombwe, Nonhlanhla Zulu, Nompumelelo Gasa, Nokuzula Kanjana, Sebenzile Buthelezi, Thembelihle Buthelezi, Andries Brink, Francois Potgieter, Busisiwe Mrara, Zaynab Alexander, Charles Choto, Paula Ima, Zintle Gxagxisa, Baphethuxolo Ningiza, Gillian Lamacraft, Jerome Mogorosi, Nadia du Plessis, Leonie de Man, Suné Thompson, Gerrit van Heerden, Edwin W. Turton, Pieter M. van der Linde, Josephine K. Teme-Pitse, Reitumetse Tladi, Gillian D. Saffy, Ene-Mari Roscher, Kristel Fortune, George Barnard, Tiisetso Makhasane, Evan Bowen, Akangcha Pal, Rachel Moore, Maria Fourtounas, Mary Augusta Adam, Renessa Arumugan, Gabriella Hyman, Jaclyn Jonosky, Maninginingi Makondo, Heveshan Moodley, Phillip Munda, Mzwandile Nyalungu, Victor Olusola, Sohan Zane Pinto, Tristan Pillay, Lucinda Singh, Paul Mwindekuma Wondoh, John Devar, Boitumelo Baloyi-Mnisi, Zach Koto, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Branny Mthelebofu, Colin Beck, Matthew Dold, Alice Fan, Shannon MacQueen, Thembani Matabata, Catherine Mpehle, Charné Kulenkampf, Tsakani McCreath Mhlari, Simangele Cecilia Nyoka-Mokgalong, Felix Thumba Masinge, Randhir Ramnath Gunpath, Maropeng Petrus Pat Mothwa, Jo-Anne Asenath Mothwa, Danai Mhlanga, Jamie-Lyn Colly, Aunel Mallier Peter, Khalid Ben Hameda, Pulane Mokae, Stella Josephine Moumakoe, Kelechi Ekeh, Nezingu Lengo, Marnus Booyens, Inge Louise Seale, Pieter Daniel Theron, Nicolaas Abraham Schuman, Amber Carlyn Sonn, Jacobus Lukas Stander, Nadia Cloete, Marius Cloete, Catherine Ann Makepeace, Ronel van der Westhuizen, Leanne Robyn Messiahs, Amy Ruth Visagie, Fatima Vawda, Frans Christiaan Voster, Deepika Dhilraj, Oliver Smith, Stefan Bolon, Daniel Montwedi, Motsilisi Mbeki, Jayde Wyngaard, Mthunzi Ngcelwane, Thomas Kleyenstuber, Phyllis Phukubye, Liesel Schärf, Grace Laker, Elizabeth Semenya, Reinhard Dembskey, Thomas Tarlton, Tapiwa Jiri, Ngoie Hubert Mushid, Nhlanhla Samuel Ngwenya, Hazel Morongoa Mogodi, Carmen Sinevici, Anthony Osarogie Usenbo, Naledi Fodo, Anesu Chimini, Ntetelelo Sikobi, Sinovuyo Nokwange, Mluleki Noqhamza, Qumba Thembisa, Kajake Anantha Padmanabha Bhat, Rabin Mathew, Katrin Middleton, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Craig Dickson, Humairah Bulbulia, Bianka Bester, Michelle de Klerk, Christia Benade, Francois Viljoen, Monique Fischer, Khalid Alfaki, Abdalmalik Awad, Abdelsalam Algray, Mohammed Elsiddig, Suha Mohamed, Salih Mahmoud, Muhammed Osman, Asia Elgailany, Mazin Suliman, Hanaa Mohammed, Lina Aljeally, Mohammed Dirar, Mohammed Osman, Mazin Mohamed, Mohamed Elhasan, Abrar Widatalla, Abubakr Abubakr, Eman Mohamed, Alshareef Nour, Ntonto Doris Gama, Dolorosa Khetsiwe Shabangu, Cynthia Iradikunda, Samuel Mkoko, Paul Kisanga, Emmanuel Lema, Benson Lyimo, Mohamed Binde, Alphonce Chandika, Salim Salim, Sylvia Jumbe, Abel Makubi, Vihar Kotecha, Felician Kachinde, Museleta Nyakiroto, Emmanuel Jitambi, Venant Geofrey, Johaphes Josiah, Phinius Makubi, Frank Manumbu, Suzan Mlingwa, Ernest Ibenzi, Peter Mbelle, Kato Peleus, Enid Chiwanga, Nillah Richard, Shoo Leonard, Paulo Sanka, Subira Mushi, Bashir Nyangasa, Mohamed Janabi, Naizihijwa Majani, Pedro Palangyo, Evarist Nyawawa, William Ramadhan, Faraj Lydenge, Gileard Gabriel Masenga, Sakina Rashid, Mubashir Jusabani, Ansbert Ndebea, Jenitha Cheru, Margaret Henjewele, Greyson Kilimanjaro, Sarah Sikimata, Deocles Donatus, Hazina Maduhu, Tumaini Mariro, Given Massasi, Moshi Moshi Shabani, Braison Cholela, Marco Mgeleka, Yohatinus Mbilinyi, Faraja Chiwanga, Bilton Exavery, Caspar Haule, Samson Ndile, Sirili Harya, Julieth Magandi, Deogratius Manyama, Redempta Matindi, Adam Moshi, Daudi Kitwana, Merida Makia, Philip Muhochi, Miriam Herman, Clauda Miombo, Furaha Kahindo, Langtone Kishebuka, Elijah Ussiri, Gloria Kinasa, Patrick Adel, Eric Malaba, Vensesla Sakwari, Sadot Lugereka, Mohamed Mungia, George Mocha, Herman Wella, Cecilia Protas, Patrick Karua, Ahmada Kashagama, Faraja Mwasambugu, Suzana Kajeri, Jacquiline Mchilla, Elibariki Lucumay, Robert Maise, Amon Marti, Beatrice Mahundi, Frederika Jager, Charles Majani, Ludovick Rukeha, Tareeq Mohamed, Nabila Fuad, Winifrida Halinga, Elias Chrisant, Gilbert Msoma, Titus Kihwili, Gadiel Temu, Naima Yusuf, Rashid Saleh, Rashid Inoja, Eva Shang'a, Stella Ibrahim, Hussein Msuma, Edwin Edward, Paul Kilamile, Stephen Mwakyolile, Talkana Adja, Edem Gueouguede, Hafoudhoi Oussene Seddoh, Saliou Adam, Pilakimwe Egbohou, Mawunyo Ahomagnon, Olivier Kadjossou, Abdul-Bassiti Boukari, Mary T. Nabukenya, Ruth Muhindo, Peter Waswa, Peter Kaahwa Agaba, Daphne Kabatoro, Joseph Kayongo, Margaret Naggujja, Nabasiige Rehema, Phiona Nansubuga, Daniel Kavuma, Aggrey Lubikire, Hope Bisilikirwa, Godfrey Ssebaggala, Emmanuel Muwema, Humble Joan Agaba, John Kiconco, Nicholas Wataaka, Bonet Chan, Mary Juliet Nampawu, Fred Bulamba, Emmanuel Bua, Christine Mugala, Caroline Nyakato, John Paul Ochieng, Linda Kyomuhendo Jovia, George Kateregga, Rachel Alum, Lazia Najjuma, Gorret Nampiina, Andrew Kintu, Joshua Sempiira, Luzige Simon, Peter Kayima, Jacob Eyul, Erick Odwar, Rita Nkwine, Christine Namata, Elizabeth Nabakka, Denis Kakaire, Velda Mushangwe-Mtisi, Erisha Munhamo, Celestino Dhege, Juliet Hungwa, Hemish Jasi, Crispin Ntoto, Derek Matsika, Brightson Mutseyekwa, Joseph Zimbovoora, Beaulah Gudyanga, Dennis Mazingi, Chenesa Mbanje, Busisiwe Mlambo, Michael Chiwanga, Harunavamwe N. Chifamba, Sarudzai Zhou, Esta Hove, Shamiso Dende, Beauty Manjengwa, Penias Kapisa, null Mashava, Caritas Chiura, Locadia Katsukunya, Godfrey Muguti, Doreen Mashava, Elton Ndhlovu, Zanele Mangwangwa, and Nombulelo Dube
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Interprofessional Relations, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological intervention, Fidelity, Postoperative Complications, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intervention (counseling), Humans, Medicine, Postoperative Period, Cooperative Behavior, Nursing management, media_common, Response rate (survey), business.industry, Standard of Care, Odds ratio, Hospitals, Confidence interval, Clinical trial, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Population Surveillance, Africa, Physical therapy, business
Abstract: Background The African Surgical OutcomeS-2 (ASOS-2) trial tested an enhanced postoperative surveillance intervention to reduce postoperative mortality in Africa. We undertook a concurrent evaluation to understand the process of intervention delivery. Methods Mixed-methods process evaluation, including field notes, interviews, and post-trial questionnaire responses. Qualitative analysis used the framework method with subsequent creation of comparative case studies, grouping hospitals by intervention fidelity. A post-trial questionnaire was developed using initial qualitative analyses. Categorical variables were summarised as count (%) and continuous variables as median (inter-quartile range [IQR]). Odds ratios (OR) were used to rank influences by impact on fidelity. Results The dataset included eight in-depth case studies, and 96 questionnaire responses (response rate 67%) plus intervention fidelity data for each trial site. Overall, 57% (n=55/96) of hospitals achieved intervention delivery using an inclusive definition of fidelity. Delivery of the ASOS-2 interventions and data collection presented a significant burden to the investigators, outstripping limited resources. The influences most associated with fidelity were: surgical staff enthusiasm for the trial (OR=3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–7.0); nursing management support of the trial (OR=2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–6.5); performance of a dummy run (OR=2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–6.1); nursing colleagues seeing the value of the intervention(s) (OR=2.1; 95% CI, 0.9–5.7); and site investigators' belief in the effectiveness of the intervention (OR=3.2; 95% CI, 1.2–9.4). Conclusions ASOS-2 has proved that coordinated interventional research across Africa is possible, but delivering the ASOS-2 interventions was a major challenge for many investigators. Future improvement science efforts must include better planning for intervention delivery, additional support to investigators, and promotion of strong inter-professional teamwork. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials gov NCT03853824.
Published: 2021
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19. Ischaemic stroke in South Asians: The BRAINS study

Author: Taylor, Aurelius, Ankita, Maheshwari, Gie, Ken-Dror, Sapna D, Sharma, Sageet, Amlani, Gunaratnam, Gunathilagan, David L, Cohen, Chakravarthi, Rajkumar, Stuart, Maguire, Sissi, Ispoglou, Ibrahim, Balogun, Anthea, Parry, Lakshmanan, Sekaran, Hafiz, Syed, Enas, Lawrence, Ravneeta, Singh, Ahamad, Hassan, Chris, Wharton, Khalid, Javaid, Neetish, Goorah, Peter, Carr, Eman Abdus, Sami, Shri Ram, Sharma, Padmavathy N, Sylaja, Kameshwar, Prasad, and Pankaj, Sharma
Subjects: Neurology, Neurology (clinical)
Abstract: Studies on stroke in South Asian populations are sparse. The aim of this study was to compare differences in age of onset of ischaemic stroke in South Asian patients living in the United Kingdom and South Asian patients living in India versus White British stroke patients.We studied the UK and Indian arms of the ongoing BRAINS study, an international prospective hospital-based study of South Asian stroke patients. The BRAINS study includes 4038 South Asian and White British patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke, recruited from sites in the United Kingdom and India.Of the included patients, 1126 were South Asians living in India (ISA), while 1176 were British South Asian (BSA) and 1736 were White British (WB) UK residents. Patients in the ISA and BSA groups experienced stroke 19.5 years and 7.2 years earlier than their WB counterparts, respectively (mean [interquartile range] age: BSA 64.3 [22] years vs. ISA 52.0 [18] years vs. WB 71.5 [19] years; p 0.001). Patients in the BSA group had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia than those in the ISA and WB groups. After adjustment for traditional stroke risk factors, an earlier age of stroke onset of 18.9 years (p 0.001) and 8.9 years (p 0.001) was still observed in the ISA and BSA groups, respectively. In multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis, ethnicity accounted for 24.7% of the variance in early age onset.Patients in the BSA and ISA groups experienced ischaemic stroke approximately 9 and 19 years earlier, respectively, than their WB counterparts. Ethnicity is an independent predictor of early age of stroke onset. Our study has considerable implications for public health policymakers in countries with sizable South Asian populations.
Published: 2022

20. Ethnoveterinary botanical survey of medicinal plants used in Pashto, Punjabi and Saraiki communities of Southwest Pakistan

Author: Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Abdus Sami, Muhammad Zafar, Helal F Hetta, Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti, Mushtaq Amhad, Mohamed H. Mahmoud, Atif Ali Khan Khalil, Afifa Munem, Sheikh Zain Ul Abidin, and Raees Khan
Subjects: Plant growth, Livestock, Veterinary medicine, Ethnic group, SF600-1100, Ethnicity, Animals, Humans, Pakistan, Traditional knowledge, Medicinal plants, Socioeconomics, Plants, Medicinal, General Veterinary, business.industry, ethnic communities, Original Articles, Field survey, language.human_language, Geography, ethnoveterinary, Plant species, language, Pashto, Original Article, traditional knowledge, business, Phytotherapy, medicinal plants
Abstract: Medicinal plants are highly used in the ethnoveterinary practice as considerable livestock resources in remote areas. The aim of the present study is to explore the ethnoveterinary medicinal practices in three different communities and discuss the cross‐cultural consensus on the usage of medicinal plants for the treatment of animals. The field survey was conducted by the animal healers of the area during the different seasons of plant growth. A total of 83 informants were interviewed through Semi‐structured interview involving experts of traditional knowledge in 21 localities of the three regions (Zhob, D. I. Khan and Mianwali) were conducted. Findings of the study were quantitatively analyzed through the informant consensus factors to identify the homogeneity information provided by the informants. Furthermore, cross‐culture consensuses were analyzed and recorded data were represented in a tabulated and Venn diagrams. In particularly, 59 species of plants were documented in the comparative analysis. Among them, 32 plant species were recorded in Pashto community, while Punjabi and Sarakai communities exhibited nine and four plant species, respectively. Whereas cross‐cultural analysis showed 14 medicinal plants that were commonly utilized by three different ethnic communities, that indicated low interregional consensus in regard to ethnoveterinary practices of medicinal plants. The current study showed that different communities and ethnic groups sharing some traditional knowledge and cross‐culturally approaches have been reported from traditional uses of plants against livestock's diseases. Therefore, current findings are the opportunities to scrutinize the plants for the discovery of new drug sources for humans and animals., This research work provides the cross‐cultural information about medicinal plants in different communities of three different regions in the Southwest Pakistan. Cross‐cultural analysis showed medicinal plants was commonly used among three ethnic communities that indicates a low interregional consensus with regard to the ethnoveterinary practices of medicinal plants.
Published: 2021

21. Enhanced postoperative surveillance versus standard of care to reduce mortality among adult surgical patients in Africa (ASOS-2): a cluster-randomised controlled trial

Author: Bruce M Biccard, Leon du Toit, Maia Lesosky, Tim Stephens, Landon Myer, Agya BA Prempeh, Nicola Vickery, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, Alexandra Torborg, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed Elfagieh, Bernard Mbwele, Mpoki Ulisubisya, Lazaro Mboma, Daniel Z Ashebir, Mahlet Tesfaye Bahta, Mohammed Hassen, Mikiyas Teferi, Yakob Seman, Eugene Zoumenou, Adam Hewitt-Smith, Janat Tumukunde, Dolly Munlemvo, Atilio Morais, Apollo Basenero, Pisirai Ndarukwa, Nazinigouba Ouerdraogo, Maman Sani Chaibou, Mohyeddine Zarouf, Ahmed Rhassane El Adib, Veekash Gobin, Zimogo Sanogo, Youssouf Coulibaly, Zipporah Ngumi, Tarig Fadalla, Cynthia Iradukunda, Vénérand Barendegere, Isaac O Smalle, Mustapha Bittaye, Ahmadou Lamin Samateh, Mahmoud Elfiky, Maher Fawzy, Wakisa Mulwafu, Vanessa Msosa, Lygia Lopes, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, Hamza D Sama, Patrice Forget, Dawid van Straaten, Rupert M Pearse, Marichen Puchert, Lucy Rolt, Kris Schwebler, Freddy Kabambi, Tebogo Mabotja, Leandys Cobas, Albino Freitas, Maria Antunes, Bartolomeu Cabo, Domingos Paulo, Carlos Camongua, Yvette Avognon, Osseni Marcos, Raymond Kintomonho, Onesime Demahou, Gisèle Hounsa, Hugues Chobli, Elie Fassinou, Aurore Zoglobossou, Blaise Tchaou, Charles Tchegnonsi, Fifame Amadji, Francine Bossa, Ernest Ahounou, Djima Alao, Roushdane Odérémi, Afissatou Montairou, Oswald Gbehade, Romaric Tobome, Adam Boukari, Patrick Bakantieba, Arouna Sambo, Fanou Lionelle, Nounagnon Gilbert, Julien Attinon, Roger Klikpezo, Aumar Dadjo, Dénis Fanou, Gilberte Hounkpe, Bachabi Fafana, Néné Nguilu, Bodourin Dossou-Yovo, Chantal Segla, Mohamed Toko, Evelyne Gnele-Dedewanou, Michel Noukounwoui, Ethienne Yado, Timothé Gouroubéra, Valéry Adjignon, Serge Mewanou, Aïcha Tchomgang, Urielle Agossou, Fernand Soton, Charbel Azanlin, Lidwine Zomahoun, Rawéléguinbasba Armel Flavien Kabore, Salam Savadogo, Fatou Fleur Rosine Sanou, Farid Belém, Victoria Hien, Cheik Tidiane Hafid W Bougouma, Sie Ahmed Ouattara, Mariam Bambara Kabore, Ouedraogo Nazinigouba, Papougnezambo Bonkoungou, Martin Lankoandé, Mireille Traoré, Patrick Sawadogo, Inès Wenmenga, Boureima Kinda, André Simporé, Christian Sapo, Salah Idriss Traore, Haoua Dipama, Lydie WR Kaboré, Salifou Napon, Télesphore G Kaboré, Arouna Louré, Pélagie PP Tondé, Christian Zoundi, Harouna Sanou, Remy Ndikumana, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Gregory Sund, Alliance Niyukuri, Axel Kwizera, Jean-Claude Niyondiko, Adolphe Manzanza Kilembe, Jean Pierre Mwema Ilunga, Nehema Hailemariam Sarah, Gabriel Mubobo Makeya, Idesbald Mwebe Mwepu, Ted Botawaosenge Likongo, Richard Kapela Mvwala, Raphael Nzau Kapend Mubunda, Noellie Kanka Mukuna, Julie Djondo Pembe, Nicolas Lumuanga Ndaye, Eric Bibonge Amisi, Mike Ilunga Madika, Joe Kembo Lungela, Didier Ndonda Mayemba, Philomene Mamba Diyoyo, Alex Mbo Ngalala, Martin Mamba Mukenga, Patricia Tito Kabuni, Dany Bolimo Mpoto, Herve Inesnku Mole, Louise Keby, Oria Andavo Buti, Anselme Phaka, Belinda Mayenge, Jean Jeacques Kabuley Kalongo, Timothe Kemfuni Mawisa, Rodrigue Tondo Ngwizani, Kuyala Leya, Dieudonne Kisile Sanduku, Timothe Nkemfuni Mawisa, Coco Nseke Mfumu, Mbuta Bolenge, Desire Kinzenzengu Kabuce, Patrick Kintieti, Amelia Mbuluku, Vicky Mahuwa, Tharcice Khonde Mabiala, Guilain Ngoy, Patrick Boloko, Nono Mazangama Mvwama, Jose Kengbanda, Pitchou Mushimbonga, Blaise Kuhapala, Nzosani Marcel, Kienze Guylain, Gerard Mboma, Sandra Zalambo Sagboze, Michel Muteya Manika, Jean Pierre Mumbere Kigayi, Roger Mukanire Cishugi, Placide Buhendwa Mugisho, Roger Baguma, Moïse Kongolo, Michel Mandungu Mbayabu, Crispin Mukendi Muamba, Edmond Banema Kapinga, Vasco Ngolela Kapinga, Guylain Tshimanga Nsumpi, Patrick Kanda Odia, Salomon Bingidimi, Gilbert Kpengbemale, Desire Hubert Bofunga Bosonga Imposo, Patricia Matondo, Servet Lelo, Jeremie Kalambayi, Mohamed Abdel-Ghaffar, Abdelrahman Soliman, Mostafa Abdelrahman, Sameh Shehata, Alia Rabee, Mohamed Abou Heba, Mohamed Rabei Abdelfattah, Tamer Ahmed Maher Ghoniem, Sherif M.K. Shehata, Mohamed Lotfy, Ahmed ElHaddad, Bereket Gebremeskel, Girmay Fisseha, Mebrahtu Abay, Degena Bahrey, Assefa Hika, Abdurezak Ali, Kindie Moges, Jemal Ahmed, Desalegn Abdisa, Abebe Megersa, Wendwosen Abayne, Haftom Berhane, Reiye Esayas, Fitsum Kifle, Kokeb Desita, Abebe Addise, Dagim Shimelash, Shitalem Tadesse, Bezaye Zemedkun, Peniel Kenna, Ayenew Yirdie, Abinet Sisay, Tebikew Gashu, Fassil Mihretu, Yesuf Ahmed, Bekele Debebe, Abdureuf Misgea, Amare Agmas, Rahel Assefa, Abdurahman Gelmo, Seifu Alemu, Brook Damtachew, Merid Mersha, Yaekob Chemere, Samuel Fekadu, Sintayehu Regasa, Bonsa Sileshi, Desalegn Wosen, Rebira Adamu, Gersam Mulugeta, Teshome Bacha, Zewude Gudisa, Kebebe Bekele, Alelign Tasew, Habtamu Gezahegn, Daniel Atlaw, Damtew Solomon, Habtemariam Gebresillasie, Girmaye Tesfaye, Negussie Sarbecha, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Kenbon Seyoum, Gemechu Ganfure, Yohannes Tekalegn, Gosa Tesfaye, Temesgen Ayichew, Shibiru Sendaba, Musefa Redwan, Eyasu Muse, Girma Nina, Bizuneh Sime, Addisalem Tadege, Anbesse Jima, Nugusu Ayalew, Dagmawi Workneh, Daniel Teferi, Momodou T Nyassi, Landing N Sanyang, Omar Jallow, Abdoulie Keita, Kitabu Jammeh, Charles Roberts, Patrick Idoko, Kebba Marenah, Masirending Njie, Musa Marena, Karamba Suwareh, Simon Boissey, Fatoumatta Jarjusey, Awa Jah, Awa Sanyang, Dado Jabbi, Kajali Camara, Armando Correa, John Jabang, Lamin Jaiteh, Lamin Dampha, Aminata Manneh, Baboucarr Sowe, Abdoulie Bah, Edrisa Jawo, Victoria Okoje, Momodou Baro, Yaya Bah, Mustapha Njie, Sainabou Mbowe, Ebrima Kanteh, Sarjo Ceesay, Alagie Manneh, Evans Atito-Narh, Adwoa Wilson, Romeo Hussey, Emmanuel Okine, Jemima Kwarteng, Ridge Ntiamoah, Samuel Dadzie, Mark Aseti, Naa Sowah, Akosua Appiah, Charles Bankah, Patrick Mburugu, Thomas Chokwe, Patrick Olang, Vernon Gacii, Susane Nabulindo, Antony Gatheru, Timothy Mwiti, Caroline Mwangi, Julius Muriithi, Daniel Ojuka, Omondi Ogutu, Evans Masitara, Mohamed Chaudhry, Reuben Kamundi, Annmarie Kangangi, Thomas Massaquoi, Stephen Takow, Felister Moraa, Aziz Munubi, Moses Kimani, Adili Wobenjo, Linda Nguu, Vincent Omeddo, Rose Malaba, Ambrose Nabwana, Anita Mwancha, Alexandria Mugaa, John Wamwaki, Joyce Chege, Seymour Sinari, Andrew Ndonga, Rose Shitsinzi, Walter Akello, Winfred Kimani, Elisha Kirwa, Seno Saruni, Andrew Wainaina, Ernest Nshom, Aidah Kenseko, Kizito Shisanya, Purity Wanjiru, Julliah Cherotich, Judy Kimutai, Benson Wahome, Grace Wangui, Dennis Wamalwa, Stephen Mwangi, John Chege, Tabitha Wanjiku, Carolyne Njoki, Wachira Waititu, Conrad Ambani, Samuel Murimi, Sharon Waithira, Nilson Mouti, Collins Kibet, John Kibet, Virginia Sokobe, Beatrice Jeymah, Antony Kamadi, Faith Gichuri, Steve Moses, David Wasike, Favours Adeya, Caesar Bitta, Stephen Ogendo, Killian Kariuki, Hdaya BenAbdalla, Taha Suliaman, Fatima Ali Abokhzam, Mohaned Isa, Mohammed Huwaysh, Asma Bourawi, Kais Alzubaidy, Mohammed Albaraesi, Sumayyah Bahroun, Abdulmueti Alhadi, Ahmed Msherghi, Amira Mohamed, Ala Khaled, Nouran Aljadi, Elham Bareig, Khaled Elgazwi, Adel Elgazwi, Ibrahim El-busife, Safa Owhida, Almahdi Eltwati, Samah Elakeili, Taha Abubaker, Fatima Elkhfeefi, Soha Younis Hasan, Amal Alttaira, Imbarkah Elmraied, Rim Wishah, Omar Abugassa, Hazem Ahmed, Amera Ellafi, Shoukrie Shoukrie, Nawal Aldokali, Aws ElGammudi, Akram Alkaseek, Hoda Elhaddad, Ayyah Alqaarh, Ahlam Brish, Malek Abudsnnuga, Salsabil Albuaishi, Mohammed Albashri, Marwa Morgom, Mohammed Alawami, Eman Shawesh, Abdullah Almabrouk, Moaz Alwarfalli, Nagia Abeid, Anis Buzreg, Ans Malek, Ameerah Abayu, Butaina Abdulhafith, Wedad Abouruwes, Marim Albakuri, Sabria Almuammari, Esam Alsaghair, Fatheia Alreshi, Hassan Badi, Rabiee Alfetoey, Naji Zubia, Bushray Almiqlash, Abdulsalam Alshuhoumi, Rayet Al-islam Ben Jouira, Amaal Dier, Essra Gebril, Mohammed Abdelkabir, Sana Moussa, Marwa Alfitori, Mabroukah Azbeda, Hajar Alamin, Ejmeya Barka, Omlsaad Mosbah, Rema Abdasalam, Miftah Hiyoum, Maryam Abd allateef, Ibrahim Altomi, Mahdi Alsakloul, Ekhlas Karami, Munyah Alriqeeq, Mabruka Omar, Ashraf Samer, Aml Aemeesh, Ahmad Bouhuwaish, Ahmed Elusta, Sultan Ahmeed, Wesal AlFighi Hassan, Mouadah Ali Altayr, Mohamed Addalla, Abrar Geddeda, Kheria Khoja, Doaa Alhaj, Muaad Etturki, Ahmed Elhadi, Ibrahim Ellojli, Anshirah Shuwayyah, Ahmed Elfaghih, Malak Alduwayb, Mohamed Aleiyan, Wedad Aboubreeq, Soliman Alkassem, Sami Ashour, Hayat Ben Hasan, Najat Ben Hasan, Ali Yahya, Palesa Chisala, Edward Kommwa, Lusayo Simwinga, Agness Chalira, Precious Kachitsa, Onias Mtalimanja, Drissa Traoré, Moussa Sissoko, Moussa Camara, Adama Koita, Sekou Koumaré, Omar Sacko, Mahamadou Coulibaly, Lamine Soumaré, Soumaïla Keita, Sidiki Keita, Hamadoun Dicko, Boubacar Diallo, Boureima Bengaly, Mohamed Keita, Siaka Diallo, Drissa Ouattara, Nouhoun Ongoiba, Seydina Beye, Honoré Berthe, Mamadou Diakite, Mamadou Sima, Adégné Togo, Bakary Dembele, Djibo Diango, Moussa Samake, Youssouf Traoré, Louis Traoré, Ongoïba Oumar, Sogoba Gaoussou, Issaga Traoré, Sidy Sangaré, Doua Kanté, Lassana Cissé, Thiam Souleymane, Keita Koniba, Sundaresan Maiyalagan, Julien Chong, Adil Mohit, Khushyant Mungar, Shankaran Vinayagam, Kevin Ramlochun, Jamie Sim, Desai Sneha, Vishaal Kissoon, Yan Tseung, Mohamed Aboobakar, Nitish Fokeerah, Ravi Ramsewak, Jayprakash Gopall, Meetheelesh Abeeluck, Varun Seewoo, Divyanand Jankee, Ashveen Puryag, Senthil Beemadoo, Yashraj Deenoo, Abhisek Goureah, Munawwara Makoon, Hemanshu Rambojan, Beeharry Shanjugsingh, Kevin Viraswami, Shehzaad Joomye, Ashwant Bhugwandass, Bibi Deelawar, Vakil Leelodharry, Luckshmanraj Mungur, Sajid Aungraheeta, Sirsingh Bhajoo, Manpreet Rajcoomar, Rishi Seetaram, Subha Gaya, Gini Batra, Yoshvin Sunnassee, Shailendra Petkar, Sbai Hicham, Labib Smail, Ait Laalim Said, Motaai Youssef, Mouhssine Doumiri, Mustapha Alilou, Nora Farnaoui, Mustapha Bensghir, Abdelghafour Elkoundi, Abdelhamid Jaafari, Abderhmann Elwali, Mohammed Meziane, Walid Atmani, Houssam Rebahi, Hajar Chichou, Safae Zarouf, Abderraouf Soummani, Abou Elhassan Taoufik, Meryem Essafti, Aminata Oumou Traoré, Hamzaoui Hamza, Adnane Berdai, El allani Linda, Salhi Oussama, Nelson Mucopo, Machado Banze, Mouzinho Saide, Tomas Sitoi, Artur Machava, Antonio Carlos, Amilton Guidione, Antonio Saide de Carvalho, Natacha Gemo, Samiro Sema Camal, Arsénio Cuna, Ornelos Madeira, Ladino Assuade, Dercio Amde Fernandes, Dulce Alexandre Machavae Fernandes, Mandua Sebastião, Bernard Sikombe, Matti Kandjimi, Ayoub Shekimweri, Diana Shilomboleni, Mbaundju Kandjii, Leonard Kabongo, Cholastic Hangero, Ike Ndjoze, Ruben Nailonga, Immanuel Uukonga, Uutoni Nakanyala, Lavinia Johannes, Adrian Haruzuvi, Chris Terblanche, Natangwe Shimenda, Delwina Katjipu, Hilma Shalimba, Juliah Kaweendwa, Ali Mbuyi, John Oyedele, Mapumba Mulolo, Peter Njuki, Mutombo Ndaie, Akutu Munyika, Hilma Katangolo, David Tjiyokola, Tawanda Mhene, Archbald Masiambiri, Paidamoyo Mandudzo, Sandra Kapepiso, Haziel Mavesere, Cedia Tjihoto, Daylight Manyere, Charlotte Kauraisa, Learnmore Garanowako, Michael Tune, William DeKlerk, Benvenue Ndolo, Maria Angula, Ndapewoshali Hishekwa, Elizabeth Nandjendja, Elsabe Tsauses, Eunice Mouton, Kudzai Katandawa, Sophia Bruwer, Jaydee Van Staden, Beata Siteketa, Beata Kaholongo, Martha Ntinda, Pueya Nashidengo, Johanna Kandjumbwa, Lahia Lipumbu, Moussa Sirfi, Fouma Djibo, Moutari Mahaman, Abdoulaye Mahaman Bachir, Maikassoua Mamane, Adakal Ousseini, Maman Noury Hamissou Souley, Rabo Oumarou, Rekia Idrissa, Moussa Ichaou, Amina Saley, Abdoulay Seyni, Sahabi Amadou, Mahamane Sani Mahamane Laminou, Issoufou Moustapha Camara, Moussa Gagara, Hadjara Rabiou Daddy, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Sabo Ramatou, Saidu Kadas, Rabiu Mohammed, Abubakar Ballah, Tella Olalekan, Kefas Bwala, Mohammed Adamu, Adamu Isa, Ademola Adeyeye, Samuel Fayose, Akinola Akinmade, Taiwo Ajayi, Elizabeth Nwasor, Saidu Yakubu, Euphemia Ugwu, George Mukoro, Muhammed Ahmed, Gideon Akafa, Ahmad Lawal, Daniel Nwoye, Michael Odigbo, Zulaihatu Sarkin-Pawa, Tunde Sholadoye, Benjamin Fomete, Hamisu Yakubu, Abdulkadir Kabiru, Samaila Timothy, Ali Yusuf, Tasiu Saadu, Babangida Mohammed, Abdulghaffar Yunus, Ganiyat Olagunju, Muhammad Aminu, Mohammad Idris, Musliu Tolani, Nasiru Dalhat, Samuel Gana, Talent Adike, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Abdurrahman Sheshe, Sani Aji, Mamuda Atiku, Raphael Attah, Abubakar Muhammed, Rasaki Oseni, Halima Salisu-Kabara, Benjamin Nkemjika, Omotayo Salami, Adekunle Akadri, Bukola Olayinka, Clement Onuoha, Umar Usman Jamaare, Auwalu Saminu Jibrin, Sani Giade Abdullahi, Ibrahim Ishaku, Adenike Odewabi, John Bamigboye, Oladapo Kuforiji, Chidiebere Ogo, Stella Ogunmuyiwa, Abdussemee Abdurrazzaaq, Adebayo Tanimola, Michael Adeyanju, Oluwatimilehin Andero, Temitope Ojo, Olusi Adedotun, Gbadamosi Kehinde, Jimoh Buraimoh, Kabiru Muhammad, Sophia Baidoo, Patrick Okoli, Azeez Adigun, Ekene Ezeonye, Kabir Isa, Yetunde Aremu-Kasumu, Kamil Shoretire, Peter Enesi, Amechi Ezike, Olatunde Olawoye, Emmanuel Ugwu, Christopher Ukah, Abolade Olugbenga, Nwachukwu Chidiebere, Nasiru Abdulraman, Adebiyi Olusegun, Alisa Halisa, Semiat Yusuf, Jamila Salisu, Chidiebube Okoro, Abdul Suleiman, Fabian Onowighose, Aliyu Farinyaro, Suleiman Baba, Umar Abdulmajid, Aisha Abdurrahman, Ogochukwu Obi, Olatunde Alabi, William Adeyemi, Jelili Salau, Jones Taiwo, Nnaemeka Nwafulume, Taiye Ibiyeye, Edith Agu, Ayodeji Danboy, James Abdulazeez, Christopher Ekwunife, Chimaobi Nnaji, Chigozirim Onyekpere, Amara Arunsi, Jude Egwim, Obianuju Nwana, Nnabuike Ojiegbe, Charles Mbamba, Paul Ngwu, Frank Imahigbe, Emmanuel Okoroji, Iloh Ikenna, Abdulrahman Mohammed, Adebayo Adeniyi, Toluwalope Ariyo, Olajide Gabriel, Tesleem Orewole, Salawu Idris, Idowu Adebara, Abiodun Okunlola, Akinwale Akinbade, Oluwasesan Afolabi, Adewumi Bakare, Olabisi Adeyemo, Benjamin Ugwu, Samuel Nuhu, Henry Embu, Erdoo Isamade, Chinedu Obikili, Amaka Ocheke, Solomon Peter, Donald Orshio, Peter Onuminya, Jack Okopi, Olufemi Bankole, Bosede Afolabi, Dapo Osinowo, Ayodeji Oluwole, Muyiwa Rotimi, Ibironke Desalu, Rufus Ojewola, Bolaji Mofikoya, Kola Owonikoko, Adeolu Adeoye, Temidayo Bobo, Taiwo Akinloye, David Ama, Ebere Okoronkwo, Muhammad Mahmud, Jamiu Adebiyi, Temitope Babalola, Mansur Muhammad, Afeez Aruna, Maryrose Osazuwa, Ayodeji Yusuf, Isiaka Lawal, Bitrus Fidelis, Rephath Pius, Cyril Jomosu, Adebayo Adedayo, Abubakar Aliyu, Adaora Agholor, Abdullateef Abdulazeez, Chabiya Bala, Eziamaka Eze, Elizabeth Ani, Uchenna Okeke, Dominica Adebayo, Okechukwu Ekwunife, Victor Modekwe, Chuka Ugwunne, Chukwuemeka Okoro, Chisom Uche, Simeon Olateju, Fred Ige-Orhionkpaibima, Adedapo Adetoye, Olurotimi Aaron, Jeremiah Abimbola, Folayemi Faponle, Olumuyiwa Ajayeoba, Olusoji Jagun, Oluwabunmi Fatungase, Adeniyi Akiseku, Chigbundu Nwokoro, Ramotalai Shoyemi, Ibukunolu Ogundele, Nankat Joseph, Salihu Bura, Chukwuka Nwezoku, Manu Bwala, Meshach Philips, Abubakar Usman, Emmanuel Filibus, Zara Umate, Nwabuoke Chukwuka, Ahmed Nuhu, Watakiri Ibrahim, James Nggada, Ali Izge, Musa Ismail, Olayinka Eyelade, Tinuola Adigun, Babatunde Osinaike, Olayinka Ogunbode, Olusola Idowu, Taiwo Lawal, Temidayo Ogundiran, Olayiwola Shittu, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Stephen Edino, Zumnan Songden, Olumide Akitoye, Bissallah Ekele, Godwin Akaba, Terkaa Atim, Akitoye Adeleke, Owoicho Okochi, Sunday Akeju, Ernest Ukpoju, Osayomwanbo Osaheni, Ifunanya Obaseki, Lateef Kehinde, Osawemwenze Monday, Stanley Nte, Adesuwa Agboifo, Omajuwa Dawodu, Precious Orhiere, David Atiti, Queeneth Kalu, Felix Effiom, Israel Kolawole, Olawale Ojo, Afusat Olabinjo, Olufemi Ige, Beatrice Ogunyemi, Olusola Oladosu, Kikelomo Adesina, Sulaiman Agodirin, Asimiyu Shittu, Audu Idrisa, Sadiq Adamu, Nuhu Ali, Olayinka Adewunmi, Stephen Nwankwor, Akinwumi Olakanmi, Oluseye Ajayi, Ayotolu Ajayi, Victor Ogunmola, Oluwafunke Olakanmi, Adam Kuranga, Enoch Uche, Chukwuemeka Osuagwu, Chukwudi Ilo, Mesi Matthew, Uko Uko, Ngozi Mba, Olubusola Alagbe-Briggs, Amabra Dodiyi-Manuel, Bisola Onajin-Obembe, Bright Obasuyi, Richard Echem, Ihuoma Mike-Elechi, Job Otokwala, Mark Edubio, Catherine Eyo, Isaac Udo, Aliyu Abdulrahman, A.A. Abdullahi, Ibrahim Galadima Bello, Usman Adinoyin Mohammed, Abidemi Oyaromade, Mohammed Bello, Usman Muhammad, Emeri Mbah, Hyacinth Okereke, Almustapha Aminu, Anthony Ahmadu, Abu Rogers, Peter Samai, Sao Amara, Margaret Yankuba, Mary Josayah, Jayah Swarray Jnr, Alusine Dawo, Peter George, Mustapha Kabba, Mohamed Bah, Charles Mondeh, Ibrahim Kapuwa, Mohamed Sheku, Philip Mattia, Brima Sesay, Jones O.A. Omoshoro-Jones, Motselisi Mbeki, Estie Cloete, Philip Anderson, Busi Mrara, Annemarie Steyn, Tsakani Mhlari, Nic Proctor, Caroline Robertson, Gillian Lamacroft, Usha Singh, Sebenzile Sikhakhane, Kelly Gate, Shepherd Nzenza, John Tshimbalanga Kasonga, Sibongile Ndebele, Patrick Lufuta Kande, Jody Davids, Tino-vito Orlandi, Marischka de Jong, Hugo Stark, Francois Roodt, Jonathan Hall, Ian Nortje, Akanimo Akpakan, Vishendran Govindasamy, Ronisha Sathiram, Mohammad Kathrada, Zane Farina, Lucio Frittella, Charles Kohler, Sibuyiselwe Lubelwana, Sarwat Ikram-Hameed, Adriaan Smit, Muneerah Cassiem, Yvonne Freeman, Saaliha Goga, Larissa Cronje, Constantin Buzdugan, Subash Chirkut, Priyadeshni Singh, Sandhya Jithoo, Vivesh Rughubar, John Arnold, Rishan Bipath, Suman Mewa Kinoo, Ncumisa Khanyisa Msolo, Fleur Ackermans-Deijnen, Tshegofatso Mmasello Emma Boka, Martyn Biccard Greenwood, Shakthi Anand Jayrajh, Devarani Naidoo, Syndrini Reddy, Devandiran Harriraman Rungan, Kylene Subrayen, John Roos, Nina Tredoux, Pascal Plumacher, Anthony Reed, Harald Steinhaus, Mariesa Nock, Paul Ryan Herselman, Gareth Davies, Talitha Harvey, Franklin Muller, Willem Naude, Tania Pretorius, Johan Jochemus Swart, Merryn Walls, Prashant Gokal, Nicolette Rorke, Farzaana Dhoodhat, Precious Dzanibe, Mohammed Yusuf Hussain, Ashmita Junpath, Ameela Maharaj, Hylda Makanisi, Khalid Moosa, Ting Ting Wong, Sean Mould, Trisha Ramsamy, Roel Matos-Puig, Hayley Morgan, Nadeem Nabeebuccas, Ria Devi Naidoo, Viantha Pather, Vasheel Vasheel Bahadur, Renilda Pillay, Zahnne Fullerton, Nicole Bell, Bongisa Grey, Vincent Lorenzo Visentin, Hendrik Adriaan Van Zyl, Terri Anne Killingbeck, Emile Maneveldt, Gerhard Thiart, Magdelena May Venter, Oostewalt Swart, Mariette Grobelaar, Carel Cairns, David Bishop, Christien Steenkamp, Thandekile Khumalo, Noel Naidoo, Ross Murray, Martin Kopieniak, Melusi Sishange, Mxolisi Brian Ndimande, Megan Jaworska, Sarwat Ikram, Bence Rainier, Renier J Liebenberg, Helena D Zwiegers, Philip M Nortje, Kamal Bhagwan, Margot Flint, Robert Dyer, Simone Adams, Yoshua Bwambale, Danny Ngomo, Patrice Kanku, Nivashen Pillay, Alexa de Castro, Atisha Maharaj, Janine Carim, Jenna Leigh Taylor, Karl M Köhne, Leanne W Drummond, Leanne Temlett, Lieze Geldenhuys, Yvonne Seilbea, Kathryn Naidoo, Nicola A Kalafatis, Stefné Verwey, Thulile Biyase, Theroshnie Kisten, Belinda S Kusel, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Richard Magagula, Christian Kampik, Kuzolunga Xulu, Sivuyisiwe Solala, Mia Sayed, Basil Enicker, Anil Madaree, Innocent Mukama, Gladmore Madombwe, Nonhlanhla Zulu, Nompumelelo Gasa, Nokuzula Kanjana, Sebenzile Buthelezi, Thembelihle Buthelezi, Andries Brink, Francois Potgieter, Busisiwe Mrara, Zaynab Alexander, Charles Choto, Paula Ima, Zintle Gxagxisa, Baphethuxolo Ningiza, Gillian Lamacraft, Jerome Mogorosi, Nadia du Plessis, Leonie de Man, Suné Thompson, Gerrit van Heerden, Edwin W Turton, Pieter M van der Linde, Josephine K Teme-Pitse, Reitumetse Tladi, Gillian D Saffy, Ene-Mari Roscher, Kristel Fortune, George Barnard, Tiisetso Makhasane, Evan Bowen, Akangcha Pal, Rachel Moore, Maria Fourtounas, Mary Augusta Adam, Renessa Arumugan, Gabriella Hyman, Jaclyn Jonosky, Maninginingi Makondo, Heveshan Moodley, Phillip Munda, Mzwandile Nyalungu, Victor Olusola, Sohan Zane Pinto, Tristan Pillay, Lucinda Singh, Paul Mwindekuma Wondoh, John Devar, Boitumelo Baloyi-Mnisi, Zach Koto, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Branny Mthelebofu, Colin Beck, Matthew Dold, Alice Fan, Shannon MacQueen, Thembani Matabata, Catherine Mpehle, Charné Kulenkampf, Tsakani McCreath Mhlari, Simangele Cecilia Nyoka-Mokgalong, Felix Thumba Masinge, Randhir Ramnath Gunpath, Maropeng Petrus Pat Mothwa, Jo-Anne Asenath Mothwa, Danai Mhlanga, Jamie-Lyn Colly, Aunel Mallier Peter, Khalid Ben Hameda, Pulane Mokae, Stella Josephine Moumakoe, Kelechi Ekeh, Nezingu Lengo, Marnus Booyens, Inge Louise Seale, Pieter Daniel Theron, Nicolaas Abraham Schuman, Amber Carlyn Sonn, Jacobus Lukas Stander, Nadia Cloete, Marius Cloete, Catherine Ann Makepeace, Ronel van der Westhuizen, Leanne Robyn Messiahs, Amy Ruth Visagie, Fatima Vawda, Frans Christiaan Voster, Deepika Dhilraj, Oliver Smith, Stefan Bolon, Daniel Montwedi, Motsilisi Mbeki, Jayde Wyngaard, Mthunzi Ngcelwane, Thomas Kleyenstuber, Phyllis Phukubye, Liesel Schärf, Grace Laker, Elizabeth Semenya, Reinhard Dembskey, Thomas Tarlton, Tapiwa Jiri, Ngoie Hubert Mushid, Nhlanhla Samuel Ngwenya, Hazel Morongoa Mogodi, Carmen Sinevici, Anthony Osarogie Usenbo, Naledi Fodo, Anesu Chimini, Ntetelelo Sikobi, Sinovuyo Nokwange, Mluleki Noqhamza, Qumba Thembisa, Kajake Anantha Padmanabha Bhat, Rabin Mathew, Katrin Middleton, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Craig Dickson, Humairah Bulbulia, Bianka Bester, Michelle de Klerk, Christia Benade, Francois Viljoen, Monique Fischer, Khalid Alfaki, Abdalmalik Awad, Abdelsalam Algray, Mohammed Elsiddig, Suha Mohamed, Salih Mahmoud, Muhammed Osman, Asia Elgailany, Mazin Suliman, Hanaa Mohammed, Lina Aljeally, Mohammed Dirar, Mohammed Osman, Mazin Mohamed, Mohamed Elhasan, Abrar Widatalla, Abubakr Abubakr, Eman Mohamed, Alshareef Nour, Ntonto Doris Gama, Dolorosa Khetsiwe Shabangu, Cynthia Iradikunda, Samuel Mkoko, Paul Kisanga, Emmanuel Lema, Benson Lyimo, Mohamed Binde, Alphonce Chandika, Salim Salim, Sylvia Jumbe, Abel Makubi, Vihar Kotecha, Felician Kachinde, Museleta Nyakiroto, Emmanuel Jitambi, Venant Geofrey, Johaphes Josiah, Phinius Makubi, Frank Manumbu, Suzan Mlingwa, Ernest Ibenzi, Peter Mbelle, Kato Peleus, Enid Chiwanga, Nillah Richard, Shoo Leonard, Paulo Sanka, Subira Mushi, Bashir Nyangasa, Mohamed Janabi, Naizihijwa Majani, Pedro Palangyo, Evarist Nyawawa, William Ramadhan, Faraj Lydenge, Gileard Gabriel Masenga, Sakina Rashid, Mubashir Jusabani, Ansbert Ndebea, Jenitha Cheru, Margaret Henjewele, Greyson Kilimanjaro, Sarah Sikimata, Deocles Donatus, Hazina Maduhu, Tumaini Mariro, Given Massasi, Moshi Moshi Shabani, Braison Cholela, Marco Mgeleka, Yohatinus Mbilinyi, Faraja Chiwanga, Bilton Exavery, Caspar Haule, Samson Ndile, Sirili Harya, Julieth Magandi, Deogratius Manyama, Redempta Matindi, Adam Moshi, Daudi Kitwana, Merida Makia, Philip Muhochi, Miriam Herman, Clauda Miombo, Furaha Kahindo, Langtone Kishebuka, Elijah Ussiri, Gloria Kinasa, Patrick Adel, Eric Malaba, Vensesla Sakwari, Sadot Lugereka, Mohamed Mungia, George Mocha, Herman Wella, Cecilia Protas, Patrick Karua, Ahmada Kashagama, Faraja Mwasambugu, Suzana Kajeri, Jacquiline Mchilla, Elibariki Lucumay, Robert Maise, Amon Marti, Beatrice Mahundi, Frederika Jager, Charles Majani, Ludovick Rukeha, Tareeq Mohamed, Nabila Fuad, Winifrida Halinga, Elias Chrisant, Gilbert Msoma, Titus Kihwili, Gadiel Temu, Naima Yusuf, Rashid Saleh, Rashid Inoja, Eva Shang'a, Stella Ibrahim, Hussein Msuma, Edwin Edward, Paul Kilamile, Stephen Mwakyolile, Talkana Adja, Edem Gueouguede, Hafoudhoi Oussene Seddoh, Saliou Adam, Pilakimwe Egbohou, Mawunyo Ahomagnon, Olivier Kadjossou, Abdul-Bassiti Boukari, Mary T Nabukenya, Ruth Muhindo, Peter Waswa, Peter Kaahwa Agaba, Daphne Kabatoro, Joseph Kayong, Margaret Naggujja, Nabasiige Rehema, Phiona Nansubuga, Daniel Kavuma, Aggrey Lubikire, Hope Bisilikirwa, Godfrey Ssebaggala, Emmanuel Muwema, Humble Joan Agaba, John Kiconco, Nicholas Wataaka, Bonet Chan, Mary Juliet Nampawu, Fred Bulamba, Emmanuel Bua, Christine Mugala, Caroline Nyakato, John Paul Ochieng, Linda Kyomuhendo Jovia, George Kateregga, Rachel Alum, Lazia Najjuma, Gorret Nampiina, Andrew Kintu, Joshua Sempiira, Luzige Simon, Peter Kayima, Jacob Eyul, Erick Odwar, Rita Nkwine, Christine Namata, Elizabeth Nabakka, Denis Kakaire, Velda Mushangwe-Mtisi, Erisha Munhamo, Celestino Dhege, Juliet Hungwa, Hemish Jasi, Crispin Ntoto, Derek Matsika, Brightson Mutseyekwa, Joseph Zimbovoora, Beaulah Gudyanga, Dennis Mazingi, Chenesa Mbanje, Busisiwe Mlambo, Michael Chiwanga, Harunavamwe N Chifamba, Sarudzai Zhou, Esta Hove, Shamiso Dende, Beauty Manjengwa, Penias Kapisa, null Mashava, Caritas Chiura, Locadia Katsukunya, Godfrey Muguti, Doreen Mashava, Elton Ndhlovu, Zanele Mangwangwa, and Nombulelo Dube
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Standard of care, business.industry, Psychological intervention, MEDLINE, Standard of Care, General Medicine, Articles, Hospitals, Hospitalization, Intervention (counseling), Relative risk, Emergency medicine, Africa, medicine, Humans, In patient, Female, Cluster randomised controlled trial, Postoperative Period, business, Surgical patients
Abstract: Summary Background Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high as the global average. Most of these deaths occur on hospital wards after the surgery itself. We aimed to assess whether enhanced postoperative surveillance of adult surgical patients at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality in Africa could reduce 30-day in-hospital mortality. Methods We did a two-arm, open-label, cluster-randomised trial of hospitals (clusters) across Africa. Hospitals were eligible if they provided surgery with an overnight postoperative admission. Hospitals were randomly assigned through minimisation in recruitment blocks (1:1) to provide patients with either a package of enhanced postoperative surveillance interventions (admitting the patient to higher care ward, increasing the frequency of postoperative nursing observations, assigning the patient to a bed in view of the nursing station, allowing family members to stay in the ward, and placing a postoperative surveillance guide at the bedside) for those at high risk (ie, with African Surgical Outcomes Study Surgical Risk Calculator scores ≥10) and usual care for those at low risk (intervention group), or for all patients to receive usual postoperative care (control group). Health-care providers and participants were not masked, but data assessors were. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality of patients at low and high risk, measured at the participant level. All analyses were done as allocated (by cluster) in all patients with available data. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03853824 . Findings Between May 3, 2019, and July 27, 2020, 594 eligible hospitals indicated a desire to participate across 33 African countries; 332 (56%) were able to recruit participants and were included in analyses. We allocated 160 hospitals (13 275 patients) to provide enhanced postoperative surveillance and 172 hospitals (15 617 patients) to provide standard care. The mean age of participants was 37·1 years (SD 15·5) and 20 039 (69·4%) of 28 892 patients were women. 30-day in-hospital mortality occurred in 169 (1·3%) of 12 970 patients with mortality data in the intervention group and in 193 (1·3%) of 15 242 patients with mortality data in the control group (relative risk 0·96, 95% CI 0·69–1·33; p=0·79). 45 (0·2%) of 22 031 patients at low risk and 309 (5·6%) of 5500 patients at high risk died. No harms associated with either intervention were reported. Interpretation This intervention package did not decrease 30-day in-hospital mortality among surgical patients in Africa at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality. Further research is needed to develop interventions that prevent death from surgical complications in resource-limited hospitals across Africa. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists. Translations For the Arabic, French and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Published: 2021

22. Association Between Level of Expression of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (Her-2 Neu) And Age Among Breast Cancer Patients.

Author: Ahsan, Mahnoor, Haider, Ghulam, Ashfaque, Maliha, Ather, Tooba, Qureshi, Abdus Sami, and Sundar, Wishhal
Subjects: EPIDERMAL growth factor receptors, ESTROGEN receptors, FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization, BREAST cancer, PROGESTERONE receptors
Abstract: Objective: To determine the association between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 with age among patients presenting with breast cancer. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Medical Oncology Department, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi Pakistan, from Aug 2019-Jan 2020. Methodology: Total 194 females of age 20-85 years with confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer were included in the study. The immunohistochemistry was done for the status of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and the validation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 was done by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization technique in each female. Results: The patient's age was from 24-82 years old with mean age of 46.57±11.45 year. Out of 194, 108 cases had positive progesterone receptor expression (55.7%), 114 had positive estrogen receptor expression (58.8%) and 67 had positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression (34.5%). The females of age greater 46 years were more likely to be human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive as compared to females of age less and equal to 46 years. Conclusion: The results showed that females with age more than 40 years have significant association with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, whereas age is an independent variable with regards to estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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23. Ramal Growth Assessment in Temporo-Mandibular Joint Ankylosis in Growing Patient Without Growth Centre Transplantation: Radiograph Based Study

Author: Abdus Sami, Ghulam Sarwar Hashmi, Sajjad Abdur Rahman, Lohit Arora, Tabishur Rahman, Zohaib Roshan, and Syed Sayeed Ahmed
Subjects: Orthodontics, medicine.medical_specialty, Panoramic radiograph, business.industry, 030206 dentistry, medicine.disease, Condyle, Temporomandibular joint, Transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, Plastic surgery, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, stomatognathic system, Otorhinolaryngology, Ankylosis, Deformity, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Medicine, Original Article, Surgery, Oral Surgery, medicine.symptom, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, business
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The treatment of temporomandibular joint is mainly surgical and aims at restoring the function of joint and correcting the aesthetics deformity caused by ankylosis. Studies are available in the literature which showed that there is osteogenic potential in condylar stump remaining after gap arthroplasty, especially in children. Our objective was to assess the growth of ramus operated after surgery using orthopantomogram as the tool of assessment. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Fifteen patients of prospective study design were selected for study. This study was undertaken to evaluate the mandibular ramal growth in TMJ ankylosis patients treated without growth center transplantation using orthopantomogram as a tool of assessment. RESULTS: Mean ramal length of the operated right side was found to be 42.02 mm in immediate postoperative, 43.18 mm in sixth month postoperative and 44.57 mm in 1 year postoperative follow-up. Mean ramal length of the operated left side was found to be 40.15 mm in immediate postoperative, 42.10 mm in sixth month postoperative and 44.80 mm in 1 year postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our investigations showed that mandibular growth rate increases after successful treatment of ankylosis in children. One drawback of this treatment protocol that we observed was that the total growth deficit manifested in all our patients could not be made up.
Published: 2020
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24. Measuring the Impact of Using Library Resources The Context of Secondary Students’ Academic Achievement

Author: Abdus Sami
Subjects: Academic institution, Point (typography), Research studies, Mathematics education, Context (language use), Academic achievement, Psychology, Pupil
Abstract: This study aims to explore the effect of libraries resources, in the light of the history and background, on the student’s academic performance. The reviewed literature states that students using library resources have greater efficiency and knowledge as compared to the students who do not use the libraries. Over the past twenty years, investigators all over the world have collected a significant amount of evidence pointing out the well-developed schools’ library results in better academic performance of students. By reviewing deeply analysis the review of the literature that effective libraries of any academic institution has deep effects on pupil academic performance and due to these effects, the student can improve their ability to get better academic results. Many numbers of investigations analysis these matters adopting qualitative and quantitative method has been used. Most research studies show the point of views that libraries have a good effect and impact on a pupil school’s performance.
Published: 2020
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25. Delphi prioritization and development of global surgery guidelines for the prevention of surgical-site infection

Author: Bruce M Biccard, Martin Smith, Dhruva N. Ghosh, Ismaïl Lawani, Chifundo Kajombo, Vanessa Msosa, M Maimbo, O. James Garden, Janet Martin, Thomas Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Adewale O. Adisa, Stephen R Knight, Parvez David Haque, Philip Cotton, Omar Omar, Raul Yepez, Richard J. Lilford, Samuel Lawday, Sudha Sundar, Dmitri Nepogodiev, AT Adenekan, Faustin Ntirenganya, Justine Davies, Stephen Tabiri, Rachel J. Moore, Syed Asghar Naqi, James Glasbey, Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Edwin Yenli, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Hosni Salem, Thomas M Drake, M Nyundo, Dion Morton, Marie Carmela M. Lapitan, Jean Leon Olory-Togbe, Francis Atindaana Abantanga, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Eugene Zoumenou, Luis Hernandez Miguelena, Ewen M Harrison, Rohin Mittal, Aneel Bhangu, Peter Brocklehurst, Ainhoa Costa, Dhruv Ghosh, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Sohini Chakrabortee, Conor S Jones, and Jean De La Croix Allen Ingabire
Subjects: Prioritization, medicine.medical_specialty, Evidence-based practice, Delphi Technique, 030230 surgery, Global Health, Preoperative care, Perioperative Care, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Upper GI, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, Medicine, Antibiotic prophylaxis, General, Intensive care medicine, Developing Countries, Alveolar ventilation function, computer.programming_language, business.industry, Original Articles, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Lower GI, Original Article, Surgery, business, Surgical site infection, computer, Delphi, Abdominal surgery
Abstract: Background Most clinical guidelines are developed by high‐income country institutions with little consideration given to either the evidence base for interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), or the specific challenges LMIC health systems may face in implementing recommendations. The aim of this study was to prioritize topics for future global surgery guidelines and then to develop a guideline for the top ranked topic. Methods A Delphi exercise identified and prioritized topics for guideline development. Once the top priority topic had been identified, relevant existing guidelines were identified and their recommendations were extracted. Recommendations were shortlisted if they were supported by at least two separate guidelines. Following two voting rounds, the final recommendations were agreed by an international guideline panel. The final recommendations were stratified by the guideline panel as essential (baseline measures that should be implemented as a priority) or desirable (some hospitals may lack these resources at present, in which case they should plan for future implementation). Results Prevention of surgical‐site infection (SSI) after abdominal surgery was identified as the highest priority topic for guideline development. The international guideline panel reached consensus on nine essential clinical recommendations for prevention of SSI. These included recommendations concerning preoperative body wash, use of prophylactic antibiotics, decontamination of scrub teams' hands, use of antiseptic solutions for surgical site preparation and perioperative supplemental oxygenation. In addition, three desirable clinical recommendations and four recommendations for future research were agreed. Conclusion This process led to the development of a global surgery guideline for the prevention of SSI that is both clinically relevant and implementable in LMICs., A global surgery guideline for the prevention of surgical‐site infection has been developed that is both clinically relevant and implementable in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This guideline includes nine essential and three desirable clinical recommendations. Usable worldwide
Published: 2020
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26. Response Rate of Cisplatin Plus Docetaxel as Primary Treatment in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Carcinoma (Squamous Cell Types)

Author: Neelma Bukhari, Aveen Yousuf, Mehwish Roshan Shaikh, Abdus Sami, Shahid Hussain, Bhunisha Pavan, Maryum Nouman, Raja Rahool, Paras Memon, Rabeea Nouman, Ghulam Haider, Khalil Mehar, and Saima Zahoor
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, response rate, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, cisplatin, Docetaxel, Neutropenia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Humans, locally advanced head and neck carcinoma, Cisplatin, Chemotherapy, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, business.industry, Head and neck cancer, Induction chemotherapy, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Regimen, Treatment Outcome, 030104 developmental biology, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Disease Progression, Female, business, Research Article, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the response rate of Cisplatin plus Docetaxel in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Materials and methods It was a longitudinal study, conducted at the Department of Medical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan from December 2018 to June 2019. One hundred patients of age 14-66 years of age of either gender with histologically proven Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Stage III and IV (locally advanced) with no distant metastases were included in the study. Patients who were declared unresectable by the otolaryngologist and those with delayed appointment for radiation were given 3 cycles of Induction Chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Docetaxel, both at a dose of 75mg/m2 3 weekly. After 3 cycles, CT scan was repeated to assess the clinical response. Those patients who had partial or complete response as per RECIST criteria were re-assessed by the otolaryngologist and were planned for surgery if disease became resectable while other patients were referred for Concurrent Chemo-Radiation Therapy (CCRT). SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data. Results The partial response was achieved in majority of the patients after Induction Chemotherapy with Docetaxel and Cisplatin (62%) with a complete response in 12 %. However, 22% showed progression of the disease, and 4% showed stable disease. The most frequent side effects observed were diarrhea (62%) and neutropenia (57%). Conclusion Induction chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Docetaxel is a promising regimen with good response and favorable toxicity profile and can be considered as a potentially effective outpatient regimen for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.
Published: 2020
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27. Aortoesophageal fistula in a child

Author: Shasanka Shekhar Panda, Sandeep Agarwala, Sushil Kumar Kabra, Ruma Ray, Nidhi Sugandhi, Abdus Sami Bhat, Rakesh Lodha, Prashant Joshi, Akshay Kumar Bisoi, Arundeep Arora, and Arun Kumar Gupta
Subjects: Aorto-esophageal fistula, children, tuberculosis, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Aortoesophageal fistulae (AEF) are rare and are associated with very high mortality. Foreign body ingestions remain the commonest cause of AEF seen in children. However in a clinical setting of tuberculosis and massive upper GI bleed, an AEF secondary to tuberculosis should be kept in mind. An early strong clinical suspicion with good quality imaging and endoscopic evaluation and timely aggressive surgical intervention helps offer the best possible management for this life threatening disorder. Our case is a 10-year-old boy who presented to the pediatric emergency with massive bouts of haemetemesis and was investigated and managed by multidisciplinary team effort in the emergency setting.
Published: 2013
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28. Effects of oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation after spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage: a randomised, open-label, assessor-blinded, pilot phase, non-inferiority trial

Author: Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Catriona Keerie, Jacqueline Stephen, Steff Lewis, John Norrie, Martin S. Dennis, David E. Newby, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Adrian Parry-Jones, Philip M. White, Colin Baigent, Dan Lasserson, Colin Oliver, Fiach O'Mahony, Shannon Amoils, John Bamford, Jane Armitage, Jonathan Emberson, Gabriël J.R. Rinkel, Gordon Lowe, Karen Innes, Kasia Adamczuk, Lynn Dinsmore, Jonathan Drever, Garry Milne, Allan Walker, Aidan Hutchison, Carol Williams, Ruth Fraser, Rosemary Anderson, Kate Covil, Kelly Stewart, Jessica Rees, Peter Hall, Alistair Bullen, Andrew Stoddart, Tom J. Moullaali, Jeb Palmer, Eleni Sakka, Joanne Perthen, Nicola Lyttle, Neshika Samarasekera, Allan MacRaild, Seona Burgess, Jessica Teasdale, Michelle Coakley, Pat Taylor, Gordon Blair, William Whiteley, Susan Shenkin, Una Clancy, Malcolm Macleod, Rachel Sutherland, Tom Moullaali, Amanda Barugh, Christine Lerpiniere, Fiona Moreton, Nicholas Fethers, Tal Anjum, Manju Krishnan, Peter Slade, Sharon Storton, Marie Williams, Caroline Davies, Lynda Connor, Glyn Gainard, Carl Murphy, Mark Barber, Derek Esson, James Choulerton, Louise Shaw, Suzanne Lucas, Sarah Hierons, Joanne Avis, Andrew Stone, Lukuman Gbadamoshi, Telma Costa, Lauren Pearce, Kirsty Harkness, Emma Richards, Jo Howe, Christine Kamara, Ralf Lindert, Ali Ali, Jahanzeb Rehan, Sarah Chapman, Maria Edwards, Raj Bathula, David Cohen, Joseph Devine, Mushiya Mpelembue, Priya Yesupatham, Swati Chhabra, Gbadebo Adewetan, Robert Ballantine, Daniel Brooks, Gemma Smith, Gill Rogers, Stuart Marsden, Sarah Clark, Ami Wilkinson, Ellen Brown, Lynsey Stephenson, Khin Nyo, Annie Abraham, Yogish Pai, Gek Shim, Vidya Baliga, Anand Nair, Matthew Robinson, Catherine Hawksworth, Jill Greig, Irfan Alam, Tonicha Nortcliffe, Ridha Ramiz, Ryan Shaw, Stephanie Lee, Tracy Marsden, Jane Perez, Emily Birleson, Rajendra Yadava, Mirriam Sangombe, Sam Stafford, Tom Hughes, Lucy Knibbs, Bethan Morse, Stefan Schwarz, Benjamin Jelley, Susan White, Bella Richard, Heidi Lawson, Sally Moseley, Michelle Tayler, Mandy Edwards, Claire Triscott, Rebecca Wallace, Angela Hall, Amanda Dell, Khalid Rashed, Sarah Board, Clare Buckley, Alfonso Tanate, Tressy Pitt-Kerby, Kate Beesley, Jess Perry, Christine Hellyer, Paul Guyler, Nisha Menon, Sharon Tysoe, Raji Prabakaran, Martin Cooper, Anoja Rajapakse, Inez Wynter, Susan Smith, Nic Weir, Cherish Boxall, Hannah Yates, Simon Smith, Pamela Crawford, James Marigold, Fiona Smith, Jake Harvey, Sue Evans, Laura Baldwin, Sarah Hammond, Paul Mudd, Angela Bowring, Samantha Keenan, Kevin Thorpe, Mohammad Haque, Joanne Taaffe, Natalie Temple, Tracey Peachey, Kim Wells, Fiona Haines, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Zoey Horne, Radim Licenik, Hayley Boughton, Timothy England, Amanda Hedstrom, Brian Menezes, Ruth Davies, Venetia Johnson, Simon Whittingham-Jones, David Werring, Sabaa Obarey, Caroline Watchurst, Amy Ashton, Shez Feerick, Nina Francia, Azra Banaras, Daniel Epstein, Marilena Marinescu, Annick Williams, Anna Robinson, Fiona Humphries, Ijaz Anwar, Arunkumar Annamalai, Susan Crawford, Vicky Collins, Lorna Shepherd, Elaine Siddle, Justin Penge, Sam Qureshi, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Vasileios Papavasileiou, Dean Waugh, Emelda Veraque, Nathan Douglas, Numan Khan, Sankaranarayanan Ramachandran, Peter Sommerville, Anthony Rudd, Sagal Kullane, Ajay Bhalla, Jonathan Birns, Rowshanara Ahmed, Meegan Gibbons, Eva Klamerus, Benjie Cendreda, Keith Muir, Nicola Day, Angela Welch, Wilma Smith, Jennifer Elliot, Salwa Eltawil, Ammad Mahmood, Kim Hatherley, Shirley Mitchell, Harjit Bains, Lauren Quinn, Rachel Teal, Ivie Gbinigie, George Harston, Phil Mathieson, Gary Ford, Ursula Schulz, James Kennedy, Kirubananthan Nagaratnam, Kiran Bangalore, Neelima Bhupathiraju, Chris Wharton, Ken Fotherby, Ahmad Nasar, Angie Stevens, Angela Willberry, Rachel Evans, Baljinder Rai, Chloe Blake, Kamy Thavanesan, Gail Hann, Tanith Changuion, Sara Nix, Amanda Whiting, Michelle Dharmasiri, Louise Mallon, Marketa Keltos, Nigel Smyth, Charlotte Eglinton, John Duffy, Ela Tone, Lucy Sykes, Emily Porter, Carolyn Fitton, Nikolaos Kirkineziadis, Gillian Cluckie, Kate Kennedy, Sarah Trippier, Rebecca Williams, Elizabeth Hayter, James Rackie, Bhavini Patel, Ghatala Rita, Adrian Blight, Val Jones, Liqun Zhang, Lillian Choy, Anthony Pereira, Brian Clarke, Samer Al-Hussayni, Lynn Dixon, Andrew Young, Adrian Bergin, David Broughton, Senthil Raghunathan, Benjamin Jackson, Jason Appleton, Gwendoline Wilkes, Amanda Buck, Carla Richardson, Judith Clarke, Lucy Fleming, Gemma Squires, Zhe Law, Camille Hutchinson, Vera Cvoro, Mandy Couser, Amanda McGregor, Sean McAuley, Susan Pound, Patricia Cochrane, Clare Holmes, Peter Murphy, Nicola Devitt, Mairead Osborn, Amy Steele, Lucy Belle Guthrie, Elizabeth Smith, Jonathan Hewitt, Natalie Chaston, Min Myint, Andrew Smith, Louise Fairlie, Michelle Davis, Beth Atkinson, Stephen Woodward, Valerie Hogg, Michelle Fawcett, Louise Finlay, Anand Dixit, Eleanor Cameron, Breffni Keegan, Jim Kelly, Dónal Concannon, Dipankar Dutta, Deborah Ward, Jon Glass, Susan O'Connell, Joseph Ngeh, Alison O'Kelly, Emma Williams, Suzanne Ragab, Damian Jenkinson, Judith Dube, Laura Gleave, Jacqui Leggett, Nisha Kissoon, Louise Southern, Utpal Naghotra, Maria Bokhari, Beverley McClelland, Katja Adie, Abhijit Mate, Frances Harrington, Ali James, Elizabeth Swanson, Terri Chant, Miriam Naccache, Abbie Coutts, Gillian Courtauld, Sarah Whurr, Sue Webber, Emily Shead, Robert Luder, Maneesh Bhargava, Elodie Murali, Larissa Cuenoud, Kath Pasco, O Speirs, Lianne Chapman, Linda Inskip, Lisa Kavanagh, Meena Srinivasan, Nichola Motherwell, Indranil Mukherjee, Louise Tonks, Denise Donaldson, Heather Button, Rebecca Wilcox, Fran Hurford, Rachel Logan, Andy Taylor, Tracie Arden, Michael Carpenter, Prabal Datta, Tajammal Zahoor, Linda Jackson, Ann Needle, Andrew Stanners, Imran Ghouri, Donna Exley, Salman Akhtar, Hollie Brooke, Shannen Beadle, Eoin O'Brien, Jobbin Francis, Joanne McGee, Elaine Amis, Jennifer Mitchell, Sarah Finlay, Devesh Sinha, Csilla Manoczki, Sam King, James Tarka, Sumita Choudhary, Jegamalini Premaruban, Dorothy Sutton, Pradeep Kumar, Charlotte Culmsee, Caroline Winckley, Holly Davies, Hilary Thatcher, Evangelos Vasileiadis, Basaam Aweid, Melinda Holden, Cathy Mason, Thant Hlaing, Gladys Madzamba, Tanya Ingram, Michelle Linforth, Claire Cullen, Nibu Thomas, John France, Afaq Saulat, Biju Bhaskaran, Pauline Fitzell, Kathleen Horan, Catherine Manyoni, Josie Garfield-Smith, Hannah Griffin, Stacey Atkins, Joan Redome, Girish Muddegowda, Holly Maguire, Adrian Barry, Nenette Abano, Resti Varquez, Joanne Hiden, Susan Lyjko, Alda Remegoso, Kay Finney, Adrian Butler, Martin Strecker, Mary Joan MaCleod, Janice Irvine, Sandra Nelson, German Guzmangutierrez, Jacqueline Furnace, Vicky Taylor, Hawraman Ramadan, Kim Storton, Sohail Hassan, Eman Abdus Sami, Ruth Bellfield, Kelvin Stewart, Outi Quinn, Chris Patterson, Hedley Emsley, Bindu Gregary, Shakeel Ahmed, Shakeelah Patel, Sonia Raj, Sulaiman Sultan, Fiona Wright, Peter Langhorne, Ruth Graham, Terry Quinn, and Kate McArthur
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, Population, Minimisation (clinical trials), Intracranial haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, antiplatelet therapy, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Atrial Fibrillation, Medicine, Humans, atrial fibrillation, Prospective Studies, education, Adverse effect, Stroke, oral anticoagulation, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Hazard ratio, intraventricular haemorrhage, Anticoagulants, Atrial fibrillation, intracerebral haemorrhage, Vitamin K antagonist, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, subdural haemorrhage, Neurology (clinical), business, Intracranial Hemorrhages, randomised controlled trial
Abstract: Summary Background Oral anticoagulation reduces the rate of systemic embolism for patients with atrial fibrillation by two-thirds, but its benefits for patients with previous intracranial haemorrhage are uncertain. In the Start or STop Anticoagulants Randomised Trial (SoSTART), we aimed to establish whether starting is non-inferior to avoiding oral anticoagulation for survivors of intracranial haemorrhage who have atrial fibrillation. Methods SoSTART was a prospective, randomised, open-label, assessor-masked, parallel-group, pilot phase trial done at 67 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (aged ≥18 years) who had survived at least 24 h after symptomatic spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage, had atrial fibrillation, and had a CHA2DS2-VASc score of at least 2. Web-based computerised randomisation incorporating a minimisation algorithm allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid long-term (≥1 year) full treatment dose open-label oral anticoagulation. The participants assigned to start oral anticoagulation received either a direct oral anticoagulant or vitamin K antagonist, and the group assigned to avoid oral anticoagulation received standard clinical practice (antiplatelet agent or no antithrombotic agent). The primary outcome was recurrent symptomatic spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage, and was adjudicated by an individual masked to treatment allocation. All outcomes were ascertained for at least 1 year after randomisation and assessed in the intention-to-treat population of all randomly assigned participants, using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for minimisation covariates. We planned a sample size of 190 participants (one-sided p=0·025, power 90%, allowing for non-adherence) based on a non-inferiority margin of 12% (or adjusted hazard ratio [HR] of 3·2). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03153150) and is complete. Findings Between March 29, 2018, and Feb 27, 2020, consent was obtained at 61 sites for 218 participants, of whom 203 were randomly assigned at a median of 115 days (IQR 49–265) after intracranial haemorrhage onset. 101 were assigned to start and 102 to avoid oral anticoagulation. Participants were followed up for median of 1·2 years (IQR 0·97–1·95; completeness 97·2%). Starting oral anticoagulation was not non-inferior to avoiding oral anticoagulation: eight (8%) of 101 in the start group versus four (4%) of 102 in the avoid group had intracranial haemorrhage recurrences (adjusted HR 2·42 [95% CI 0·72–8·09]; p=0·152). Serious adverse events occurred in 17 (17%) participants in the start group and 15 (15%) in the avoid group. 22 (22%) patients in the start group and 11 (11%) patients in the avoid group died during the study. Interpretation Whether starting oral anticoagulation was non-inferior to avoiding it for people with atrial fibrillation after intracranial haemorrhage was inconclusive, although rates of recurrent intracranial haemorrhage were lower than expected. In view of weak evidence from analyses of three composite secondary outcomes, the possibility that oral anticoagulation might be superior for preventing symptomatic major vascular events should be investigated in adequately powered randomised trials. Funding British Heart Foundation, Medical Research Council, Chest Heart & Stroke Scotland.
Published: 2021
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29. Reducing surgical site infections in low-income and middle-income countries (FALCON): a pragmatic, multicentre, stratified, randomised controlled trial

Author: Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Pollyanna Hardy, Emmy Runigamugabo, Pierre Sodonougbo, Hulrich Behanzin, Sosthène Kangni, Gérard Agboton, Luke Aniakwo Adagrah, Esther Adjei-Acquah, Ato Oppong Acquah, James Ankomah, Ralph Armah, Regina Acquah, Kwame Gyambibi Addo, Dorcas Otuo Acheampong, Nii Armah Adu-Aryee, Fatao Abubakari, Abraham Titigah, Frank Owusu, Raphael Adu-Brobbey, Vivian Adobea, Francis Atindaana Abantanga, Arun Gautham, Dimple Bhatti, Esther Daniel Mark Jesudason, Manisha Aggarwal, Philip Alexander, Amos Dasari, Rahul Alpheus, Hemanth Kumar, Subrat Raul, Wenceslao Ángeles Bueno, Reyes Cervantes Ortiz, Isaac Baltazar Gomez, Claudia Caballero Cerdan, Mariana Barreto Gallo, Rozana Reyes Gamez, Irani Durán Sánchez, Lawal Abdullahi, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Moruf Abdulsalam, Victoria Adeleye, Ochomma Egwuonwu, Akeem Adeleke, Francis Adebayo, Godwin Chiejina, Olukayode Abayomi, Lukman Abdur-Rahman, Jude Ede, Uba Ezinne, Salathiel Kanyarukiko, Moses Dusabe, Aime Dieudonne Hirwa, Georges Bucyibaruta, Mary Augusta Adams, Cheryl Birtles, Zain Ally, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Jonathan Cook, Julia Brown, Adewale O Adisa, Lawani Ismail, Aneel Bhangu, Omar Omar, Joana FF Simoes, Elizabeth Li, Azmina Verjee, Pamphile Assouto, Djifid Morel Seto, Cyrile Kpangon, Rene Ahossi, Bin Baaba Alhaji Alhassan, Vera Agyekum, Leslie Issa Adam-Zakariah, Frank Assah-Adjei, Christopher Asare, James Amoako, Enoch Appiah Akosa, Jane Acquaye, Faisal Adjei, Cletus Ballu, Christian Larbi Coompson, Amos Bennin, Darling Ramatu Abdulai, Alice Hepzibah, William Bhatti, Priyadarshini K Paul, Parth Dhamija, Josy Thomas, Priya Jacob, Ashish Choudhrie, Nitin Peters, Rajeev Sharma, Francisco Barbosa Camacho, Gonzalo Hernandez Gonzalez, Celina Cuellar Aguirre, David Dominguez Solano, Ana Cortes Flores, Roque Lincona Menindez, Diana Gonzalez Vazquez, Khadija Ado, David Awonuga, Abimbola Adeniran, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Okechukwu Ekwunife, Wilson Adenikinju, Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Ekpo Edet, Rukiyat Abdus-Salam, Nurudeen Adeleke, Sebastian Ekenze, Matthew Francis, Francine Mukaneza, Emelyne Izabiriza, Elysee Kabanda, Gisele Juru Bunogerane, Richard Crawford, Mathete Ivy, David Jayne, Simon Cousens, Sohini Chakrabortee, Dhruva Ghosh, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Felicity Brant, Michel Fiogbe, Yannick Tandje, Marcelin Akpla, Raoul Baderha Ngabo, Mabel Pokuah Amoako-Boateng, Eric Agyemang, Esther Asabre, Anthony Appiah Boakye, Delali Akosua Gakpetor, Akosua Dwamena Appiah, Percy Boakye, Michael Adinku, Erica Akoto, Charles Gyamfi Barimah, Abdul-Hamid Labaran, Fred Dankwah, Daniel Kwesi Acquah, Grace Mary, Karan Bir, Latha Madankumar, Himani Gupta, Pradeep Zechariah, Elizabeth Kurien, Rakesh Vakil, Aldo Bernal Hernández, Rosa Hernandez Krauss, Alejandro Cuevas Avendaño, Rafael Toriz Garcia, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Alberto Navarrete Peón, Maria Martínez Lara, Mohammed Aliyu, Olushola Fasiku, Olalekan Ajai, Oluwafunmilayo Adeniyi, Victor Modekwe, Olumide Adeniyi, Godwin Akaba, Akan Inyang, Sikiru Adebayo, Muideen Adesola, Vincent Enemuo, Iweha Ikechukwu, Deborah Mukantibaziyaremye, Hope Lydia Maniraguha, Salomee Mbonimpaye, Sosthene Habumuremyi, Chikwendu Jeffrey Ede, Cynthia Mbavhalelo, Soren Laurberg, Neil Smart, Antonio Ramos de la Medina, Peter Brocklehurst, Houenoukpo Koco, Hugues Herve Chobli, Nathan Bisimwa, Anthony Baffour Appiah, Rebecca Adjeibah Akesseh, Ruby Acheampong Boateng, Godfred Fosu, Victoria Sena Gawu, Mark Aseti, Kwabena Agbedinu, Elikem Ametefe, Guy Casskey Boateng, Junior Atta Owusu, Stanley Doe, Emmanuel Ayingayure, Deepak Singh, Swati Daniel, Rohin Mittal, Vinoth Kanna, Arpit Mathew, Ana Bogurin Arellano, Luis Hernández Miguelena, Luis Dominguez Sansores, Monica Jimenez Velasco, Maria Paz Muñoz, Laura Martinez Perez-Maldonado, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Chidiebere Ogo, Olukemi Akande, Opeyemi Akinajo, Chukwuemeka Okoro, Akinfolarin Adepiti, Lazarus Ameh, Mary Isa, Akinlabi Ajao, Rafiat Afolabi, Matthew Eze, Okoi Nnyonno, Aphrodis Munyaneza, Christophe Mpirimbanyi, Christine Mukakomite, Jean de Dieu Haragirimana, Maria Fourtounas, Rachel Moore, Serge Metchinhoungbe, Blaise Kovohouande, Covalic Melic Bokossa Kandokponou, Alvin Asante-Asamani, Forster Amponsah-Manu, Barbara Koomson, Godwin Serbeh, Ambe Obbeng, Charles Banka, Brian Gyamfi, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Joachim Kwaku Amoako, Prosper Tonwisi Luri, Ruth Sarfo Kantanka, Imoro Osman, Tapasya Dhar, Ida Nagomy, Ashwani Kumar, Danita Prakash, Edgar Cortes Torres, Marco Hurtado Romero, Hector Ortiz Mejia, Alejandra Nayen Sainz de la Fuente, Mahmoud Magashi, Kazeem Atobatele, David Akinboyewa, Chisom Uche, Adewale Aderounmu, Ndubuisi Mbajiekwe, Faith Iseh, Olanrewaju Amusat, Sulaiman Agodirin, Uchechukwu Ezomike, Philemon Okoro, Gibert Ndegamiye, Josiane Mutuyimana, Piolette Muroruhirwe, Alphonsine Imanishimwe, Gabriella Hyman, Faustin Ntirenganya, Hodonou Sogbo, Mireille Dokponou, Benedict Boakye, Richard Ofosu-Akromah, Ataa Kusiwaa, Kofi Yeboah Gyan, Doris Ofosuhene, Samuel Dadzie, Bismark Effah Kontor, Emmanuel Gyimah Amankwa, Godsway Solomon Attepor, Ephraim Kobby, Sheba Kunfah, Jyoti Dhiman, Rajesh Selvakumar, Gurtaj Singh, Anju Susan, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez del Campo, Antonio Ramos De de la Medina, Abubakar Muhammad, Grace Eke, Iyabo Alasi, Kenneth Ugwuanyi, Abdulhafiz Adesunkanmi, Felix Ogbo, Adams Marwa, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Isiaka Aremu, Emmanuel Izuka, Igwe Patrick, Ronald Tubasiime, Olivier Mwenedata, JC Allen Ingabire, Zafar Khan, Ewen Harrison, Stephen Tabiri, James Glasbey, Francis Moïse Dossou, Samuel A Debrah, Donald Enti, Emmanuel Yaw Twerefour, Isaac Omane Nyarko, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Derick Essien, Christian Kyeremeh, Michael Amoah, George Darko Brown, Kennedy Kofi Korankye-Hanson Larnyor, Gbana Limann, Bharat Shankar, Rose Varghese, Erick González García de Rojas, Saminu Muhammad, Omolara Faboya, Felix Alakaloko, Chuka Ugwunne, Adewale Adisa, Samson Olori, Sunday Ogbeche, Kelvin Egbuchulem, Jibril Bello, Okezie Mbadiwe, John Raphael, Elisee Rwagahirima, Violette Mukanyange, Morapedi Kwati, Corinne Dzemta, Rahman Adebisi Ganiyu, Zelda Robertson, Diana Puozaa, Ruth Manu, George Amoah, Benjamin Fenu, Edwin Osei, Shamudeen Alhassan Mohammed, Sunita Goyal, Moonish Sivakumar, Bello Muideen, Zainab Imam, Oluwole Atoyebi, Samuel Ajekwu, Olabisi Osagie, Edima Olory, Hyginus Ekwuazi, Saheed Lawal, Ngozi Mbah, Oriji Vaduneme, Francine Uwizeyimana, Emmanuel Munyaneza, Mpho Nosipho Mathe, Parvez D Haque, Antoine Gaou, Patience Koggoh, Enoch Tackie, Romeo Hussey, Elijah Mensah, Juliana Appiah, Philemon Kwame Kumassah, Prince Yeboah Owusu, Sheriff Mohammed, Ankush Goyal, Rajeevan Sridhar, Bertha Guzmán Ramírez, Idris Takai, Esther Momson, Olanrewaju Balogun, Olusegun Ajenjfuja, Abu Sadiq, Gabriel Udie, Peter Elemile, Abdulwahab Lawal, Abhulimen Victor, Job Zirikana, Emmanuel Mutabazi, Emily Heritage, Roland Goudou, Richard Kpankpari, Arkorful Ebenezer Temitope, Jemima Kwarteng, Friko Ibrahim Solae, Joshua Arthur, David Olatayo Olayiwola, Clement Ayum Sie-Broni, Yakubu Musah, Cecil Thomas, Michel Hernández Valadez Valadez, Onyekachi Ukata, Francisca Nwaenyi, Orimisan Belie, Jerrie Akindojutimi, Samuel Sani, Joseph Udosen, Taiwo Lawal, Hadijat Raji, Isaie Ncogoza, Ncamsile Anthea Nhlabathi, Emmanuel Hedefoun, Isabella Naa M. Opandoh, Naa Anyekaa Sowah, Gideon Kwasi Toffah, Alex Ayim, Theodore Wordui, Marshall Zume, Bernard Ofori, Monika Hans, Devabalan Titus, Diego Luna Acevedo, Ayokunle Ogunyemi, Christopher Bode, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Nancy Tabuanu, Usang Usang, Olatunji Lawal, Olayinka Sayomi, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe Nxumalo, Karolin Kroese, Sunday Houtoukpe, Meshach Agyemang Manu, Grace Yeboah, Emmanuel Kafui Ayodeji, Nelson Agboadoh, Emmanuel Abem Owusu, Parvez Haque, Rubén Morán Galaviz, Mobolaji Oludara, Andrew Ekwesianya, Olusegun Alatise, Martins Uanikhoba, Solomon Olagunju, Asimiyu Shittu, Jeannette Nyirahabimana, Paddy Pattinson, Rachel Lillywhite, Carmela Lapitan, Felix Kamga, Maison Patrick Opoku Manu, Cynthia Yeboah, Jonathan Boakye-Yiadom, Abdul-Hafiz Saba, Samuel Konda, Oscar Olvera Flores, Olufunmilade Omisanjo, Olumide Elebute, Olubukola Allen, Peter Osuala, Christian Urimubabo, Nnosa Sentholang, Eric Kiki-Migan, Samuel Mensah, Edward Amoah Boateng, Anwar Sadat Seidu, Anil Luther, José Pérez Navarro, Olabode Oshodi, Francis Ezenwankwo, Lukmon Amosu, Bamidele Suleman, Mmule Evelyn Sethoana, David Lissauer, Souliath Lawani, Martin Tangnaa Morna, Charles Dally, Amit Mahajan, Kevin Pintor Belmontes, Yusuf Oshodi, Adedeji Fatuga, Micheal Archibong, Augustine Takure, Maria Elizabeth Stassen, Laura Magill, Ismaïl Lawani, John Nkrumah, Anthony Davor, Mustapha Yakubu, Shalini Makkar, Fernando Ramirez Marbello, Yemisi Oyewole, George Ihediwa, Olukayode Arowolo, Laura Thornley, Dion Morton, René Loko, Michael Nortey, Christian Kofi Gyasi-Sarpong, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang Yenli, Kavita Mandrelle, Luis Ramírez-González, Omotade Salami, Adesola Jimoh, Deborah Ayantona, Paul Wondoh, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Punam Mistry, Afissatou Moutaïrou, Emmanuel Owusu Ofori, Naabo Nuhu Noel Hamidu, Vishal Michael, Laura Reyes Aguirre, Omolara Williams, Jubril Kuku, Ademola Ayinde, Mark Monahan, Pencome Ogouyemi, Elizaberth Mercy Quartson Quartson, Iddrisu Haruna, Partho Mukherjee, Ramona Rojas García, Oluwaseun Ladipo-Ajayi, Olusegun Badejoko, Fouad Soumanou, Naa Kwarley, Reuben Rajappa, Eduardo Valtierra Robles, Ayomide Makanjuola, Tajudeen Badmus, Donna Smith, Pia Tamadaho, Agbenya Kobla Lovi, Prashant Singh, Olayanju Mokwenyei, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Mack-Arthur Zounon, Boateng Nimako, Atul Suroy, Samuel Nwokocha, Emeka Igbodike, Bertina Beauty Nyadu, Ravinder Thind, Olubunmi Ogein, Omotade Ijarotimi, Dominic Opoku, Alen Thomas, Rufus Ojewola, Adedayo Lawal, Thomas Pinkney, Anita Osabutey, Arti Tuli, Abraham Oladimeji, Fayowole Nana, Tracy Roberts, Robert Sagoe, Sreejith Veetil, Thomas Olajide, Tunde Oduanafolabi, Samuel Tuffour, Oluwaseun Oluseye, Olalekan Olasehinde, Yaa Tufour, Justina Seyi-Olajide, Olaniyi Olayemi, Neil Winkles, Francis Akwaw Yamoah, Adaiah Soibi-Harry, Stephen Omitinde, Abiboye Cheduko Yefieye, Aloy Ugwu, Owolabi Oni, Joseph Yorke, Emmanuel Williams, Chigozie Onyeze, Ernest Orji, Adewale Rotimi, Abdulkadir Salako, Olufemi Solaja, Oluwaseun Sowemimo, Ademola Talabi, Mohammed Tajudeen, and Funmilola Wuraola
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, law.invention, Suture (anatomy), Randomized controlled trial, law, Abdomen, Preoperative Care, medicine, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, Child, Developing Countries, Povidone-Iodine, Intention-to-treat analysis, Sutures, business.industry, Chlorhexidine, Postoperative complication, Surgical wound, General Medicine, Triclosan, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Relative risk, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Female, business, medicine.drug, Abdominal surgery
Abstract: Summary Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common postoperative complication worldwide. WHO guidelines to prevent SSI recommend alcoholic chlorhexidine skin preparation and fascial closure using triclosan-coated sutures, but called for assessment of both interventions in low-resource settings. This study aimed to test both interventions in low-income and middle-income countries. Methods FALCON was a 2 × 2 factorial, randomised controlled trial stratified by whether surgery was clean-contaminated, or contaminated or dirty, including patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a skin incision of 5 cm or greater. This trial was undertaken in 54 hospitals in seven countries (Benin, Ghana, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Rwanda, and South Africa). Patients were computer randomised 1:1:1:1 to: (1) 2% alcoholic chlorhexidine and non-coated suture, (2) 2% alcoholic chlorhexidine and triclosan-coated suture, (3) 10% aqueous povidone–iodine and non-coated suture, or (4) 10% aqueous povidone–iodine and triclosan-coated suture. Patients and outcome assessors were masked to intervention allocation. The primary outcome was SSI, reported by trained outcome assessors, and presented using adjusted relative risks and 95% CIs. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03700749. Findings Between Dec 10, 2018, and Sept 7, 2020, 5788 patients (3091 in clean-contaminated stratum, 2697 in contaminated or dirty stratum) were randomised (1446 to alcoholic chlorhexidine and non-coated suture, 1446 to alcoholic chlorhexidine and triclosan-coated suture, 1447 to aqueous povidone–iodine and non-coated suture, and 1449 to aqueous povidone–iodine and triclosan-coated suture). 14·0% (810/5788) of patients were children and 66·9% (3873/5788) had emergency surgery. The overall SSI rate was 22·0% (1163/5284; clean-contaminated stratum 15·5% [454/2923], contaminated or dirty stratum 30·0% [709/2361]). For both strata, there was no evidence of a difference in the risk of SSI with alcoholic chlorhexidine versus povidone–iodine (clean-contaminated stratum 15·3% [223/1455] vs 15·7% [231/1468], relative risk 0·97 [95% CI 0·82–1·14]; contaminated or dirty stratum 28·3% [338/1194] vs 31·8% [371/1167], relative risk 0·91 [95% CI 0·81–1·02]), or with triclosan-coated sutures versus non-coated sutures (clean-contaminated stratum 14·7% [215/1459] vs 16·3% [239/1464], relative risk 0·90 [95% CI 0·77–1·06]; contaminated or dirty stratum 29·4% [347/1181] vs 30·7% [362/1180], relative risk 0·98 [95% CI 0·87–1·10]). With both strata combined, there were no differences using alcoholic chlorhexidine or triclosan-coated sutures. Interpretation This trial did not show benefit from 2% alcoholic chlorhexidine skin preparation compared with povidone–iodine, or with triclosan-coated sutures compared with non-coated sutures, in preventing SSI in clean-contaminated or contaminated or dirty surgical wounds. Both interventions are more expensive than alternatives, and these findings do not support recommendations for routine use. Funding National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Global Health Research Unit Grant, BD.
Published: 2021

30. Fast magnetization reversal of a magnetic nanoparticle induced by cosine chirp microwave field pulse

Author: Md. Torikul Islam, Md. Abdus Sami Akanda, Md. Abu Jafar Pikul, and Xiansi Wang
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences, General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract: We investigate the magnetization reversal of single-domain magnetic nanoparticle driven by the circularly polarized cosine chirp microwave pulse (CCMP). The numerical findings, based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation, reveal that the CCMP is by itself capable of driving fast and energy-efficient magnetization reversal. The microwave field amplitude and initial frequency required by a CCMP are much smaller than that of the linear down-chirp microwave pulse. This is achieved as the frequency change of the CCMP closely matches the frequency change of the magnetization precession which leads to an efficient stimulated microwave energy absorption (emission) by (from) the magnetic particle before (after) it crosses over the energy barrier. We further find that the enhancement of easy-plane shape anisotropy significantly reduces the required microwave amplitude and the initial frequency of CCMP. We also find that there is an optimal Gilbert damping for fast magnetization reversal. These findings may provide a pathway to realize the fast and low-cost memory device.
Published: 2021

31. Shape anisotropy effect on magnetization reversal induced by linear down chirp pulse

Author: Dr. Md. Torikul Islam, Md. Abu Jafar Pikul, Zubaida Karim Juthy, and Md Abdus Sami Akanda
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: We investigate the influence of shape anisotropy on the magnetization reversal of a single-domain magnetic nanoparticle driven by a circularly polarized linear down-chirp microwave field pulse (DCMP). Based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, numerical results show that the three controlling parameters of DCMP, namely, microwave amplitude, initial frequency and chirp rate, decrease with the increase of shape anisotropy. For certain shape anisotropy, the reversal time significantly reduces. These findings are related to the competition of shape anisotropy and uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy and thus to the height of energy barrier which separates the two stable states. The result of damping dependence of magnetization reversal indicates that for a certain sample shape, there exists an optimal damping situation at which magnetization is fastest. Moreover, it is also shown that the required microwave field amplitude can be lowered by applying the spin-polarized current simultaneously. The usage of an optimum combination of both microwave field pulse and current is suggested to achieve cost efficiency and faster switching. So these findings may provide the knowledge to fabricate the shape of a single domain nanoparticle for the fast and power-efficient magnetic data storage device.
Published: 2022
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32. Frequency Of Hormone Receptors And Her-2/Neu Receptor Positivity In Different Histology In Breast Cancer Patients

Author: Ramchandani, Ravi, Ghulam, Haider, Khalil, Ahmed, Saima, Zahoor, Abdus, Sami, and Ramchandani, Lata
Subjects: Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Young Adult, Receptors, Estrogen, Receptor, ErbB-2, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Middle Aged, Receptors, Progesterone, Immunohistochemistry, Aged
Abstract: This study was conducted to see the frequency of hormone receptors and Her-2/Neu positivity in different histology in breast cancer patients.It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Medical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre from June 2018- March 2019. Total 373 patients of age 22-81 years of which 360 female and 13 males, with histopathological proven diagnosis of breast cancer were included in the study using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on biopsy sample for the status of PR, ER and HER-2/Neu and the confirmation of Her-2/Neu was done by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization (FISH) technique if HER-2/Neu was equivocal by IHC testing. Information regarding demographics, family history, histology, grade, stage, metastatic site and other histopathological parameters were noted on predesigned proforma by the researcher. SPSS-23 was used to analyse data.Total of 373 patients were included in the study. The mean patient age was 45.34±12.28 years. ER, PR, Her 2 Neu (IHC)Her 2 Neu (FISH) were found positive in 206 (55.2%), 182 (48.8%), 121 (32.4%)23 (6.2%) patients, respectively. The histology with PR receptorgrade of tumour with ERPR receptor showed statistical significance (p0.05).ER, PRHER-2/NEU expressions in breast cancer vary among different population and it is very important to find out the frequency among different histopathological types as it is of predictive and prognostic value. So, it is recommended to look for these markers and treat them accordingly.
Published: 2020

33. A Clinical and Radiological Investigation of the Use of Dermal Fat Graft as an Interpositional Material in Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis Surgery

Author: Mohammad Kalim Ansari, Abdus Sami, Tabishur Rahman, Ghulam Sarwar Hashmi, Sajjad Abdur Rahman, and Syed Saeed Ahmed
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Computed tomography, medicine.disease, Arthroplasty, Surgery, Temporomandibular joint, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, stomatognathic system, Radiological weapon, Temporomandibular joint ankylosis, medicine, Ankylosis, Pain perception, Original Article, Oral Surgery, business
Abstract: Management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is mainly through surgical intervention. Interpositional materials are a necessity when it comes to prevention of TMJ re-ankylosis after arthroplasty. Early aggressive postoperative physiotherapy is essential for the prevention or treatment of TMJ hypomobility or ankyloses. Recently, it has been shown that abdominal dermis fat helps promote smooth, pain-free joint function and it is stable after interposition and less prone to fragmentation. The purpose of this study was to assess that whether dermal fat is a good choice of interpositional material when it comes to decreased pain perception during aggressive physiotherapy after release of ankyloses thus ensuring good compliance by the patient. We also assessed the fate of the graft material on computed tomography to evaluate any volume changes if occurred after interposition.
Published: 2020

34. Amenorrhea After Chemotherapy In Breast Cancer Patient

Author: Ramchandani, Ravi, Ghulam, Haider, Khalil, Ahmed, Abdus, Sami, Saima, Zahoor, and Ramchandani, Lata
Subjects: Adult, Premenopause, Humans, Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Amenorrhea
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the frequency of amenorrhea after chemotherapy among breast cancer patients".Total 201 premenopausal females (having menstruation during the past 6 months at the time of diagnosis) of age 15-45 years and had confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer requiring chemotherapy were included in the study using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Amenorrhea within 6 months after the completion of chemotherapy was labelled as chemotherapy induced amenorrhea. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS-23.The mean age of the patients was reported as 37.06±5.68 years. Majority of the females were married (86.6%)multigravida (81.1%). Most of the patients (23.9%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiotherapy. A total of 129 patients received Adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel as chemotherapy regimen. Out of 201 females, 184 (91.5%) experienced amenorrhea after start or completion of chemotherapy.The frequency of CIA was very high among breast cancer patients in our study, long term follow-up is needed to see input of CIA on future fertility.
Published: 2020

35. Cytogenetic Abnormalities In Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Patients

Author: Mehwish Roshan, Shaikh, Ghulam, Haider, Paras, Memon, Raja, Rahool, Maryum, Nouman, Shumaila, Beg, Khalil, Meher, Saima, Zahoor, Abdus, Sami, and Bhunisha, Pavan
Subjects: Adult, Chromosome Aberrations, Male, Adolescent, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Young Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Bone Marrow, Risk Factors, Karyotyping, Humans, Female, Pakistan
Abstract: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is malignant neoplasms of myeloid cells categorized by clonal expansion of hematopoietic blasts of myeloid lineage in peripheral blood and bone marrow. The aim of current study is to identify the common cytogenetic abnormalities in AML patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan.It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of Medical oncology of the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi from Jun 2017- Jan 2019. The non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used to select patients. Total 92 cases of AML of age 15-55 years of either gender were included in the study. The detection of cytogenetic abnormality was done on the bone marrow biopsy. The cytogenetic abnormalities were classified into the three cytogenetic risk groups as favourable, intermediate and unfavourable. For analysis of data SPSS 23 version was used.The cytogenetic abnormalities were detected in 34 (37%) of the AML patients while 58 (63%) patients had normal cytogenetic. Thirty-two females (34.8%) had a normal cytogenetic (46; XX), and 15 females (16.3%) had various cytogenetic abnormalities. Twenty-six males (28.3%) had normal cytogenetic (46; XY) and 19 males (20.7%) had various cytogenetic abnormalities. Most of the patients were in intermediate risk group (67.4%), followed by favourable (17.4%) and unfavourable risk group (15.2%). The most frequent chromosomal abnormalities observed were complex cytogenetic which was detected in 5 AML patients.In the present study cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 37% of AML patients. Sixty-seven of the AML patients were in intermediate risk group and five patients had complex cytogenetic. Hence the cytogenetic analysis provides significant information regarding prognosis of AML patients and the cytogenetic abnormalities are less than international literature.
Published: 2020

36. Far UV-C lights and fiber optics induced and selective far UV-C treatment against COVID-19 for fatality-survival tradeoff

Author: Asad Ali, Abdus Sami Hassan, Imran Haider, and Tooba Arifeen
Subjects: Optical fiber, Materials science, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), law, business.industry, medicine, Optoelectronics, business, medicine.disease_cause, Ultraviolet, law.invention
Abstract: This work focuses on the usability of Ultraviolet (UV) on humans as an economical way of contesting against COVID-19. Specifically, far-UVC is presented as a promising candidate against COVID-19 since it can inactivate pathogens including viruses and bacteria without harming mammalian skin or eyes. Furthermore, the work also points out the applicability of far-UVC lights for public spaces and treatment of selective region in COVID-19 patients by using fiberoptic as the medium for high-risk cases where chances of survival are low and such treatment may avoid fatality due to the COVID-19.
Published: 2020
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37. Generation Methodology for Good-Enough Approximate Modules of ATMR

Author: Hossein Moradian, Jeong-A Lee, Abdus Sami Hassan, and Tooba Arifeen
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Triple modular redundancy, Heuristic (computer science), Computer science, Implicant, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Fault detection and isolation, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, Reduction (complexity), 0103 physical sciences, Fault coverage, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Overhead (computing), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Algorithm, Logic optimization
Abstract: Approximate triple modular redundancy (ATMR) is sought for logic masking of soft errors while effectuating lower area overhead than conventional TMR through the introduction of approximate modules. However, the use of approximate modules instigates reduced fault coverage in ATMR. In this work, we target better design tradeoffs in ATMR by proposing a heuristic method that effectively utilizes a threshold for unprotected input vectors to generate good enough combinations of approximate modules for ATMR, which accomplishes higher fault coverage and reduced area overhead compared with previously proposed approaches. The key concept is to employ logic optimization techniques of prime implicant (PI) expansion and reduction for successively obtaining approximate modules such that the combination of three approximate modules appropriately functions as an ATMR. For an ATMR to function appropriately, blocking is used to ensure that at each input vector, through the prime implicant (PI) expansion and reduction technique, only one approximate module differ from the original circuit. For large circuits, clustering is utilized and comparative analysis indicates that higher fault coverage is attained through the proposed ATMR scheme while preserving the characteristic feature of reduced area overhead. With a small percentage of unprotected input vectors, we achieved substantial decrease in transistor count and greater fault detection, i.e., an improvement of up to 26.1% and 42.1%, respectively.
Published: 2018
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38. Chemical Analysis of Reinforced Stabilized Soil

Author: Marri Amanullah, Abdus Sami Hafiz, and Muhammad Gul
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, engineering.material, Straw, Pulp and paper industry, complex mixtures, Decomposition, Water sample, Soil stabilization, engineering, Environmental science, Statistical analysis, Stabilizing Agents, Organic content, Lime
Abstract: Objectives: This study aims at investigating lime and wheat straw as a chemical approach to improve clayey soils as an alternative to the traditional physical process of soil improvement. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A series of tests were conducted on clayey soils mixed with various percentages of lime and wheat straw. The readings were taken on the daily, weekly and monthly basis. The soil and water sample testing was based on pH, TDS, water hardness, Organic Content (OC) and Electrical conductivity (EC). Findings: The test results suggest that there are significant chemical changes resulting due to the addition of lime and/or wheat straw into the water and soil. An increase in pH, TDS and organic contents and a decrease in the electrical conductivity of soil was noticed both in short-term and long-term effects. The results indicate that by knowing chemical process some of the undesirable chemical changes could be seized to only permit the useful chemical changes in a particular process of the addition of soil stabilizing agents. Moreover, it has been noticed that a single soil stabilizing agent may not be sufficient to improve several engineering properties; therefore, combined soil stabilization techniques might be adopted for a wider range of soil improvement where necessary. Application/Improvements: The outcomes of present study would be of potential applications in the ground improvement field. The outcomes provide useful information about the chemical changes involved in process of ground improvement. Keywords: Chemical Analysis, Decomposition, Reinforced Soil, Soil Stabilization
Published: 2018
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39. Association of Inflammatory Markers and Blood Cell Counts and the Risk of Leukemia in the Swedish Amoris Cohort

Author: Aida Santaolalla, Maria Feychting, Göran Walldius, Mohammad Abdus Sami, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Shahram Kordasti, and Niklas Hammar
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Immunology, Cell Biology, Hematology, medicine.disease, Biochemistry, Blood cell, Leukemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, Cohort, medicine, business
Abstract: Background: The presence of myeloid-derived inflammation is associated with different malignancies, including Leukemia. Certain risk factors (i.e., age, exposure to carcinogens including chemical and radiation), common gene mutations (such as the BCR-ABL fusion gene), and inflammatory markers (such as C-reactive protein (CRP)) have been associated with the risk of developing Leukemia, however cost-effective and widely acceptable predictor markers are not yet available. This study aimed to investigate the association of standard laboratory inflammatory biomarkers and blood cell counts and the long-term risk of Leukemia in a cohort of healthy individuals. Methods: Individuals from the Swedish Apolipoprotein Risk Study (AMORIS) cohort (n=124609, Male 56.7% vs. Female 43.3 ,>20 years of age) with baseline measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, haptoglobin, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and platelets were included in the study. Multivariable cox proportional hazard regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities (CCI), and socioeconomic status was performed to assess the association of the biomarkers and leukemia diagnosis (ICD-7 (204) Swedish National Cancer Register linkage). Individuals with a leukemia diagnosis within a year of the blood measurement were excluded to account for reverse causation. Considering the time of diagnosis and version of ICD, which was used, it was not possible to stratify patients based on current leukemia classification, including myeloid/ lymphoid or acute/ chronic. Results: A total of 218 participants (0.2%) developed leukemia over a median follow-up time of 17.54 years. Albumin (leukemia free mean=43.23 vs leukemia mean=42.90 (g/l); p Conclusion: The present study presented a positive association between increasing albumin levels and high numbers of WBC and risk of Leukemia, while a negative association was found with high platelet counts, which highlight these markers as potential markers of long-term risk of Leukemia. The potential clinical use of these markers in the early detection of leukemia needs to be evaluated in further studies. Disclosures Kordasti: Alexion: Honoraria; Beckman Coulter: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding.
Published: 2021
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40. Approximate Triple Modular Redundancy: A Survey

Author: Arifeen, Tooba, primary, Hassan, Abdus Sami, additional, and Lee, Jeong-A, additional
Published: 2020
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41. Input vulnerability‐aware approximate triple modular redundancy: higher fault coverage, improved search space, and reduced area overhead

Author: Hossein Moradian, Tooba Arifeen, Jeong-A Lee, and Abdus Sami Hassan
Subjects: Reduction (complexity), Triple modular redundancy, Computer science, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Fault coverage, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Redundancy (engineering), Overhead (computing), 02 engineering and technology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Automatic test pattern generation, Algorithm, 020202 computer hardware & architecture
Abstract: Area overhead reduction in conventional triple modular redundancy (TMR) by using approximate modules has been proposed in the literature. However, the vulnerability of approximate TMR (ATMR) in the case of a critical input, where faults can lead to errors at the output, is yet to be studied. Here, identifying critical input space through automatic test pattern generation and making it unavailable for the technique of approximating modules of TMR (ATMR) were focused, which involves a prime implicant reduction expansion. The results indicate that the proposed method provides 75–98% fault coverage, which amounts up to 43.8% improvement over that achieved previously. The input vulnerability-aware approach enables a drastic reduction in search space, ranging from 41.5 to 95.5%, for the selection of candidate ATMR modules and no compromise on the area overhead reduction is noticed.
Published: 2018
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42. A Fault Tolerant Voter for Approximate Triple Modular Redundancy

Author: Tooba Arifeen, Abdus Sami Hassan, and Jeong-A Lee
Subjects: Triple modular redundancy, Power–delay product, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, lcsh:TK7800-8360, 02 engineering and technology, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Topology, triple modular redundancy (TMR), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Redundancy (engineering), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, approximate TMR (ATMR), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Transistor, lcsh:Electronics, Fault tolerance, Hardware and Architecture, Control and Systems Engineering, Signal Processing, fault tolerance, voter
Abstract: Approximate Triple Modular Redundancy has been proposed in the literature to overcome the area overhead issue of Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR). The outcome of TMR/Approximate TMR modules serves as the voter input to produce the final output of a system. Because the working principle of Approximate TMR conditionally allows one of the approximate modules to differ from the original circuit, it is critical for Approximate TMR that a voter not only be tolerant toward its internal faults but also toward faults that occur at the voter inputs. Herein, we present a novel compact voter for Approximate TMR using pass transistors and quadded transistor level redundancy to achieve a higher fault masking. The design also targets a better Quality of Circuit (QoC), a new metric which we have proposed for highlighting the ability of a circuit to fully mask all possible internal faults for an input vector. Comparing the fault masking features with those of existing works, the proposed voter delivered upto 45.1%, 62.5%, 26.6% improvement in Fault Masking Ratio (FMR), QoC, and reliability, respectively. With respect to the electrical characteristics, our proposed voter can achieve an improvement of up to 50% and 56% in terms of the transistor count and power delay product, respectively.
Published: 2019

43. Cutaneous tuberculosis

Author: Syed Ahmed Zaki, Syed Abdus Sami, and Lateef Begum Sami
Subjects: Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Published: 2011
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44. Analysis of a Structure for Efficient Energy Utilization Using Design Builder

Author: Abdus Sami, B Bharath, and Kartikeya Rastogi
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Structure (category theory), Process engineering, business, Efficient energy use
Abstract: A major concern for the Indian Construction industry is its negligence of energy efficiency aspects of the various building projects being undertaken nowadays. Moreover, it is a concern for the citizens as well. Heat island and climate change phenomenon has led to a massive increment in the ambient temperatures, intensified reliance on energy resources, created discomfort conditions. By 2030, India’s dependence on energy imports is expected to exceed 53% of the country’s total energy consumption [5]. As growth is inevitable, a multifaceted and scalable solution is needed to temper the environmental impacts of growing cities. The growth in the cities leads to hot urban environments. The temperature variation between urban areas and adjacent rural areas is called the “heat island phenomenon”. It is found that the heat island phenomenon triples the peak electricity demand, doubles the building’s cooling load, and reduces the mechanical cooling system’s coefficient of performance by 25% [5]. To ease our lives in such a climate we need to invent the cooling techniques and those too are energy and cost-efficient. Many of the environmentalists and architects are putting forward their contributions toward it, suggesting solutions to make use of more and more sustainable systems of energy not like those being practiced in earlier times like courtyards and cavities but newer techniques which merges out with the present form of architecture, few of which are namely, the green roof techniques, terracotta pot, outdoor cooling systems. In this paper, we have analysed the Academic Block 4 building of our college and estimated the size of an outdoor cooling plant based on weather data, occupancy, and constructional details of the building such as heat absorbed by various facades due to internal and solar gains, etc.
Published: 2021
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45. Clinical spectrum of enteric fever in children admitted to a tertiary care hospital

Author: Umer Amin Qureshi, Jawad Nazir Wani, Abdus Sami Bhat, and Saleem Yusuf
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Medicine, Tertiary care hospital, business, Enteric fever
Abstract: Background: Enteric fever is a common public health problem with variable clinical presentation. The aim of study was to study the clinical spectrum of enteric fever in children.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over period of one year from January 2019 to January 2020 in the Department of Paediatrics at Govt Medical College Srinagar. It included all patients in the age group of 1-18 years who were clinically suspected to have enteric fever and had either a positive blood culture for Salmonella or a positive Widal test.Results: This study included total of 76 patients out of which 36 were males and 40 were females. The most common presenting symptoms were fever anorexia, vomiting, diarrohea, abdominal pain, headache and constipation. The most common signs were coated tongue, toxic look, hepatomegaly, splenomeagly, pallor, jaundice and abdominal distension. Complications were seen in in 8 (10.5%) patients. Myocarditis was seen in 3 patients. Encephalopathy and hepatitis was seen in 2 patients each. Pneumonia was seen in 1 patient. Majority of patients had normal white blood cell count (4000-11000/cumm). Leukopenia (11000/cumm) was seen in 15% patients. Thrombocytopenia was seen in 9% patients. Blood culture was positive in 36 (47.36%) patients. Salmonella typhi was seen in 33 patients whereas Salmonella paratyphi A was seen in 3 patients. All culture positive cases were sensitive to ceftriaxone, cefixime and azithromycin. Ciprofloxacin resistance was seen in 11 (14.4%) patients.Conclusions: Enteric fever is a common public health problem with fever as most common presenting symptom. Culture yield can be increased in enteric fever by drawing blood culture prior to administration of antibiotics. Ceftriaxone is highly efficacious as monotherapy in enteric fever.
Published: 2020
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46. Clinicoepidemiological and laboratory profile of children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to a tertiary care centre

Author: Shagufta Khursheed, Umer Amin Qureshi, Iram Bashir, Waseeqa Nigeen, and Abdus Sami Bhat
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Severe Acute Malnutrition, medicine, business, Tertiary care
Abstract: Background: Severe Acute Malnutrituon (SAM) is a form of malnutrition where there is an imminent threat of death to the child. The chances of complications are very high and in most case child requires hospitalization for stabilization and rehabiliatation. Objective of study the clinicoepidemiological and laboratory profile of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) admitted to a Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre (NRC) of our hospital.Methods: A retrospective chart review of admitted patients. Nutritional Rehabilitation centre (NRC) at GB Pant Hospital Government Medical College Srinagar over a one year period between June 2017 and June 2018.Results: Total of 187 patients of SAM was admitted in NRC during the study period. One hundred and eight (57.7%) were males and 79(42.3%) were females .Patients were equally among various districts. Infants (
Published: 2020
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47. Recurrent chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible and human immunodeficiency virus infection

Author: Syed Ahmed Zaki, Syed Ahmed Taqi, Angadi Rajasab Nilofer, Lateef Begum Sami, and Syed Abdus Sami
Subjects: Dentistry, RK1-715
Published: 2012
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48. Input-Aware Implication Selection Scheme Utilizing ATPG for Efficient Concurrent Error Detection

Author: Tooba Arifeen, Umar Afzaal, Jeong-A Lee, and Abdus Sami Hassan
Subjects: Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Heuristic (computer science), lcsh:TK7800-8360, 02 engineering and technology, Automatic test pattern generation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Selection algorithm, Selection (genetic algorithm), Electronic circuit, Lossless compression, reliability, lcsh:Electronics, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, concurrent error detection, probability of error detection, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, implications, Hardware and Architecture, Control and Systems Engineering, Signal Processing, Metric (mathematics), Benchmark (computing), implication reduction, fault tolerance, Error detection and correction, Algorithm
Abstract: Recently, concurrent error detection enabled through invariant relationships between different wires in a circuit has been proposed. Because there are many such implications in a circuit, selection strategies have been developed to select the most valuable implications for inclusion in the checker hardware such that a sufficiently high probability of error detection ( P d e t e c t i o n ) is achieved. These algorithms, however, due to their heuristic nature cannot guarantee a lossless P d e t e c t i o n . In this paper, we develop a new input-aware implication selection algorithm with the help of ATPG which minimizes loss on P d e t e c t i o n . In our algorithm, the detectability of errors for each candidate implication is carefully evaluated using error prone vectors. The evaluation results are then utilized to select the most efficient candidates for achieving optimal P d e t e c t i o n . The experimental results on 15 representative combinatorial benchmark circuits from the MCNC benchmarks suite show that the implications selected from our algorithm achieve better P d e t e c t i o n in comparison to the state of the art. The proposed method also offers better performance, up to 41.10%, in terms of the proposed impact-level metric, which is the ratio of achieved P d e t e c t i o n to the implication count.
Published: 2018
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49. Patients of celiac disease with mild villous atrophy are clinically similar to those with moderate to severe atrophy

Author: Singh, Prashant, Chaturvedi, Mona K, Rangan, Pooja, and Bhat, Abdus Sami
Published: 2013
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50. Correlation of bacterial vaginosis with preterm labour: a case control study

Author: Shehnaz Taing, Khushboo Gulzar, Waseeqa Nigeen, and Abdus Sami Bhat
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Obstetrics, business.industry, Preterm labour, Case-control study, Early detection, North india, medicine.disease, Correlation, Epidemiology, medicine, Statistical analysis, Bacterial vaginosis, business
Abstract: Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is thought to be an important risk factor and predictor of preterm labour. Prevention and early detection and treatment of BV can decrease the incidence of preterm labour. Primary objective of this study was to find out correlation of bacterial vaginosis with preterm labour. Secondary objectives were determination of most important criterion among the Amsels criteria and risk factors for BV among literacy, residence and parity. Methods: A Case-control study carried out at a tertiary care hospital in north India. 100 women with preterm labour and 200 women with term labour after fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled as cases and controls respectively. Epidemiological and clinical details were recorded. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed by Amsels criteria. Prevalence in both groups was calculated. Statistical analysis was then done to find out association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm labour. Results: Among all women enrolled 94 had bacterial vaginosis. The overall prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in both groups combined was 31.33%. It was 42% in cases and 26% in controls. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.007). Whiff test emerged as the strongest criterion if used alone with a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 81% when compared to whole Amsels criteria. Bacterial vaginosis was found more in illiterate women and those who had given birth previously. Conclusions: Bacterial vaginosis is significantly more prevalent in women with preterm labour. Whiff test can be used alone in centres where the patient load is too high. Illiteracy is a risk factor that can be modified to bring down incidence of bacterial vaginosis.
Published: 2015
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