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Haji Bayram Veli is one of the undeniable figures of Anatolian Sufi tradition. Having different reflections on Sufi institutions and schools, he influenced different cultural instruments produced by Turks. His poems on land and city in the context of human, is a clear example of this aspect. It can be said that his knowledge is the manifestation of enlightenment overflowing from a cosmic consciousness when he brings together the time and space with people. While presenting the message of tawhid with correct information to people he shares the same geography, he engraves wisdom into hearts with simple expressions. Also, while addressing the hearts of human, he draws attention to their enemy which is the soul (nafs). His skillful use of the relationship between the soul and, the stone and soil, the main elements of the earth, in a metaphorical sense, shows that he is well-versed in the context of cosmology and metaphysic. For, man's struggle with stone and soil isn't independent from the world. The stonesoil connection of human being was established with the vitality of the big realm. He discovered these secrets and benefitted from the structural similarities of both realms so that people know and realize themselves. In this study, human dualism will be evaluated along with this relation in his poems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to describe the surface structure of the lingual papillae in Anatolian Water Buffaloes using SEM. Six male Anatolian Water Buffaloes were used. Filiform, lentiform and conical papillae were determined three types as mechanical papillae. Fungiform and vallate papillae were observed two types as gustatory papillae on the tongue in Anatolian Water Buffalo. The filiform papillae were observed on the apex and body of the tongue, besides randomly identified lateral surface of the body. The conical papillae differed from the filiform papillae with its larger size and non existence of the secondary papillae. The fungiform papillae was round in shape and mushroom-like, scattering among the filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the apex, body and the root of the tongue. The fungiform papillae's taste pores and creter-like structure were determined. The lentiform papillae were determined in two types. The borders of the cells and the micro-pitted appearance were defined at the lentiform papillae. In the vallate papillae bud fosse and a thick annular pad was found. These differences on the morphological structures of the lingual papillae were considered to be related to genetic diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Geomorphic research at Gordion, an Anatolian Iron-Age city, shows alluvial burial and extensive leveling by the Sakarya River starting prior to the 4th century B.C. The aggrading river eventually buried parts of the city under 3-5 m of silt, beginning during occupation. Subsequent river movements eroded away substantial parts of the site, including 2 km of outer wall. Buried and removed parts of the site total three times the area now visible on the river plain. These alterations, not readily apparent from the surface, were not investigated during previous archaeological research. The site provides the most precise evidence to date about the Beyşehir Occupational phase, a widespread episode of sedimentation affecting SW and central Anatolia beginning in the Iron Age, apparently caused by wee-cutting and over-grazing. The likely equivalent disturbance event at Gordion extends this episode into a new region, is associated directly with an archaeological site, and has a later onset and end. Because the modern channel of the Sakarya has recently been dredged to several meters below its floodplain, Gordion provides an unusually clear display of an alluvially buried city, whose occupants made numerous responses to the rapidly changing river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]