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This review examines the evolution of the radionuclide diagnosis of HER2-positive breast cancer using various compounds as a targeting module in clinical practice: from full-length antibodies to a new group of small synthetic proteins called alternative scaffold proteins. This topic is of especial relevance today in view of the problems attendant to the detection of breast cancer with HER2/neu overexpression, which, in most cases, introduce errors in the treatment of patients. The results of clinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals based on affibody molecules, ADAPTs, and DARPins for SPECT and PET have demonstrated good tolerability of the compounds, their rapid excretion from the body, and the possibility to differentiate tumor sites depending on the HER2/neu status. This indicates that targeted radionuclide diagnosis holds promise and the need to continue research in this direction.

Introduction. Overexpression of Her2/neu is detected in 15–20 % of patients with breast cancer and associated with an aggressive form of disease and low overall and disease-free survival rates. Currently, immunohistochemical studies (IHC) and methods of in situ hybridization are used to assess Her2/neu status. One of significant drawbacks of this detection is the impossibility of simultaneous assessment of the receptor status of the primary tumor and metastatic sites. The increasing popularity of radionuclide methods using recombinant proteins as a targeting module have already demonstrated their effectiveness in solving this question at the initial stages of clinical research.The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a clinical case of assessing the extent of breast cancer in a patient with overexpression of Her2/neu using a radiopharmaceutical based on targeted protein molecules labeled with technetium-99m.Description of the clinical case. A patient diagnosed with stage IIIA right breast cancer (T2N2M0), multicentric growth and metastases in right axillary and subclavian lymph nodes at the diagnostic stage was injected intravenously with 99mTc-ADAPT6 radiopharmaceutical. The drug was prepared in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Research Cancer Institute (Tomsk) immediately before its administration. Planar scintigraphy and singlephoton emission tomography of the chest organs were performed 2 hours after injection of 99mTc-ADAPT6 radiopharmaceutical. In addition to the previously described tumors, 3 foci of hyperfixation of the tracer in the projection of the 5th rib on the right along the middle-clavicular line, as well as in the projection of the 8 and 9 thoracic vertebrae (Th VIII, IX) were found. Computed tomography of the chest organs and bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrophosphate showed no metastases in the 5th rib on the right and Th VIII, IX. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine revealed 2 metastatic foci in Th VIII, IX. Planar scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrophosphate and CT performed 6 months after injection of 99mTc-ADAPT6 revealed previously described foci in the projection of the thoracic spine (Th VIII, IX) and 5 ribs on the right along the mid-clavicular line. Conclusion. The results demonstrated during the study suggest that 99mTc-ADAPT6 is a promising tracer for molecular imaging of tumor foci with overexpression of the Her2/neu receptor in breast cancer patients.

The aim of this work was to continue the monitoring of the H2O maser emission in IRAS 16293–2422 to detect superflares. We have been observing H2O maser emission at a wavelength of 1.35 cm towards the source IRAS 16293–2422 since 1999. The observations have been carried out with the 22-m radio telescope of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory (Russia). In 2007–2018, we also conducted several sessions of observations in OH lines at a wavelength of 18 cm in both circular polarizations with the Nançay Radio Telescope (France). Between 1997 and 2021, we observed three cycles of high activity of the H2O maser with a period of 8 yr. This variability could be related to the changing activity of the protostar in the tight binary system of IRAS 16293–2422 in the process of its formation. This variability could be related to an increase in the activity of the tight binary protostar IRAS 16293–2422 A, first seen in 2002. The H2O maser variation in flux density and radial velocity suggests that disturbances are propagating through organized structures in the form of chains ∼3.5 au long, with monotonic velocity gradients in the direction of propagation. The 18-cm OH emission in the main and satellite lines is thermal.

The aim of the study was to identify the most informative prognostic parameters that allow assessing the status of the epidermal growth factor receptor Her2/neu in the primary tumor in breast cancer patients using the radiopharmaceutical «99mTc-ADAPT6». Material and methods. The study included 15 patients with breast cancer (T1-4N0-2M0) before the system therapy. Eight patients were found to overexpress Her2/neu in the primary breast tumor, in 7 cases the expression of the marker was not diagnosed. Morphological and immunohistochemical studies were performed in all cases. All patients are undergoing a radionuclide study using the radiopharmaceutical «99mTc-ADAPT6» at a dosage of protein 500 μg. Results. Patients with Her2-positive breast tumors showed a significantly higher accumulation of «99mTc-ADAPT6» in primary tumor (p

Background. The main purpose of the Her2/neu status determination in clinical practice is to determine the indications for the appointment of targeted therapy. The main methods for detecting the Her2/neu status are the immunohistochemical method (IHC) and the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); however, despite their widespread use, they have a number of significant disadvantages. Over the past few years, radionuclide diagnostics using a new class of alternative scaffold proteins that meet all the requirements for optimal delivery of radionuclides to tumor cells has become widespread. Aim. To study the possibility of clinical use of a radiopharmaceutical based on technetium-99m-labeled target molecules for the diagnosis of breast cancer with the Her2/neu overexpression in humans. Materials and methods. The study included 11 patients with breast cancer (T1–4N0–2M0) before systemic therapy: 5 with Her2/neu overexpression; expression of the marker was not detected in 6. In all cases, morphologicaland immunohistochemical studies were performed. In case of Her2/neu 2+, FISH analysis was performed. The radiopharmaceutical was prepared immediately before administration, after which it was slowly injected intravenously into the patient. Scintigraphic studies in the “WholeBody” mode and SPECT of the chest organs were performed 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after injection. Results. Radiochemical yield, radiochemical purity and activity before administration were (80 ± 4)%, (98 ± 1)% and (434 ± 19.5) MBq, respectively. The greatest uptake by normal organs was observed at a time interval of 6 hours in the kidneys and at a moderate activity in the liver and lungs at the same time interval. The organ with the highest absorbed dose was the kidneys; significant accumulation was also detected in the adrenal glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas and spleen. The smallest accu mulation of the studied drug was observed in the brain (0.001 ± 0.000) mGy and skin (0.001 ± 0.000) mGy. The effective dose was (0.009 ± 0.002) mGy. The difference between tumors with positive and negative Her2-neu expression was found at all time points. In this case, the best indicator was determined after 2 hours of drug injection (р < 0.05). Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, it can be indicated that the investigated radiopharmaceutical can be considered as a new additional method for the diagnosis of Her2-positive breast tumors.

Purpose: Evaluation of a radiopharmaceutical based on 99mTc-labeled targeted molecules DARPin9_29 for radionuclide diagnostics of malignancies with Her2/neu overexpression. Material and methods: The DARPin9_29 sequence was amplified from the plasmid pET-DARP-6HIS for the DARPin9_29-His6 gene expression in E. coli cells. The eluent of 99mTcO4– (400–500 μl, 4 GBq) was added to the kit and incubated at a temperature of 100 °C for 20 minutes. After incubation, 40 μl of tricarbonyl technetium was added to 168 μg of DARPin9_29 in 100 μl of PBS (sodium phosphate buffer), followed by incubation at 40 °C for 60 minutes. The radiochemical yield and purity were determined by thin layer radiochromatography, the purification was performed using NAP-5 cleansing columns (GE Healthcare). Cell lines with different levels of Her2/neu expression were used: SKOV-3> BT474 >> DU-145 for the determination of the radiopharmaceutical specificity. Her2/neu expressing cell line SKOV-3 was used for in vitro study. The study was conducted 6 hours after the administration of the drug. Results: The radiochemical yield was 72 ± 8 %, the radiochemical purity after purification was 98.7 ± 1.0 %. The stability in PBS (phosphate buffered saline) solution after 1 hour was 99.8 ± 0.2; after 3 hours – 98.2 ± 0.1. In vitro studies showed that the accumulation of explored compound was directly proportional to the level of Her2/neu expression in cells, while blocking the receptors with an excess of unlabeled protein showed a significant reduction in binding in the group of cells. Data on biodistribution and SPECT/CT in the body of the animal BALB/c nu/nu demonstrated rapid removal of the compound from the blood stream and high accumulation in the liver, kidney and bladder 6 hours after the introduction of the radiopharmaceutical. Conclusion: The studies demonstrated high radiochemical yields and purity, as well as stability of the studied compound. The results of in vitro and in vivo analysis showed the specificity and affinity of the radiopharmaceutical to the Her2/neu receptor on the surface of tumor cells. The high accumulation of the drug in the liver and kidneys, detected in in vivo studies, is probably due to the lipophilicity of the 99mTc(CO)3-histidine tag and indicates the limitation of its further clinical use in assessing the condition of the above organs, which will require additional diagnostic methods, as well as possible modification chemical structure.

The results of a study of the maser source IRAS 18316−0602 in the H2O line at λ = 1.35 cm are reported. The observations were carried out on the 22-m radio telescope of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory (Russia) from June 2002 until March 2017. Three superflares were detected, in 2002, 2010, and 2016, with peak flux densities of >3400, 19 000, and 46 000 Jy, respectively. An analysis of these superflares is presented. The flares took place during periods of high maser activity in a narrow interval of radial velocities (40.5–42.5 km/s), and could be associated with the passage of a strong shock. The emission of three groups of features at radial velocities of about 41, 42, and 43 km/s dominated during themonitoring. The flare in 2016 was accompanied by a considerable increase in the flux densities of several features with velocities of 35–56 km/s.

The thermodynamic analysis of effect of the syngas combustion products (working fluid) thermophysical parameters variation on the economic and energy parameters of the gas turbine cycle is described. The thermodynamic analysis of Brayton cycle performance on various compositions of working fluid within a selected range of control parameters variation is presented. A gas turbine working fluid database was generated based on the analysis of flow diagram and operating regime of the production and design alternative gas-fired CCPP. The relationship between the cycle thermodynamic (pressure and temperature) and thermophysical parameters of the working fluid, which ensures gas turbine cycle maximum work, is derived analytically and supported by the well-known actual data. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006.

The subject / topic. The relevance of the article is that today tourism is a massive social and economic phenomenon of global scale, as is known, any vacation begins with advertising. Therefore, for the progressive development of tourism companies need to develop an eff ective strategy and tactics of advertising projects. Potential consumers have become more discerning and prudent, so a consultant position with the fl ood of information does not work. Works expert position, when the product is as if created for the client, that is, the product exists only in synchronism with the buyer. In view of this increased competition between operators of tourist services, and certain segments of the market saturation of a significant amount of travel products with a similar orientation, a unique role for the positioning on the basis of marketing strategy as a process for creating a unique tourism product in the market. The purpose / goal. The aim of the article is to study the features of the marketing strategies of advertising processes in the market of travel agencies and find directions of their improvement in current economic conditions. Article Objectives: To investigate the nature and content of the concept of "marketing strategy of advertising processes"; systematize criteria for the classification of the Company's strategy in the market of tourist services; analyze the features of advertising projects and identify promising directions for improving the marketing strategies. Methodology. The methodological basis of this article are comparative analysis methods. Results. The essence and content of the concept of "marketing strategy of advertising processes." The features of the market of tourist services, allocated target audiences, identifies key factors and trends in the development of this market. The new system is a product of values, square S. Kovalev, who identified four existing mentality of the person. When advertising article or video include representative words and phrases that use all four levels of mentality, because of this advertising always achieves goals. Conclusions / relevance. Promising further expansion of the practice of implementation of marketing approaches in the organization of work of the subjects of the tourism sector, including the use of new technologies. Practical application of the results of this work will form a favorable image of the tourism industry, its products and, ultimately, create positive social and economic eff ect.

Formation of a market management mechanism in the Russian economy objectively requires strengthening the role of logistics in general and in the restructuring of the automotive industry in Russia in particular. In the article the main reasons that caused such an interest in the analysis is the automotive industry. Methodology. The methodological basis of this article are comparative, economic and statistical analysis methods. The purpose of this article is to reveal the key theoretical and practical issues of the role of logistics in the restructuring of the automotive industry companies, taking into account global transformations occurring in the world economy. This has allowed to specify the main issues associated with the use of logistics in the restructuring of the automotive industry in Russia. Conclusions. The following conclusions were obtained: research in the field of restructuring of the automotive industry enterprises are considered in the most general terms as "any changes to the strategic nature of the enterprise"; The second approach – the authors in their definitions focus on the restructuring of its individual aspects – goals, directions and forms of restructuring.

We present the first VLBI observations of a Galactic water maser (in Chepeus A) made with a very long baseline interferometric array involving the RadioAstron Earth-orbiting satellite station as one of its elements. We detected two distinct components at -16.9 and 0.6 km/s with a fringe spacing of 66 microarcseconds. In total power, the 0.6 km/s component appears to be a single Gaussian component of strength 580 Jy and width of 0.7 km/s. Single-telescope monitoring showed that its lifetime was only 8~months. The absence of a Zeeman pattern implies the longitudinal magnetic field component is weaker than 120 mG. The space-Earth cross power spectrum shows two unresolved components smaller than 15 microarcseconds, corresponding to a linear scale of 1.6 x 10^11 cm, about the diameter of the Sun, for a distance of 700 pc, separated by 0.54 km/s in velocity and by 160 +/-35 microarcseconds in angle. This is the smallest angular structure ever observed in a Galactic maser. The brightness temperatures are greater than 2 x 10^14K, and the line widths are 0.5 km/s. Most of the flux (about 87%) is contained in a halo of angular size of 400 +/- 150 microarcseconds. This structure is associated with the compact HII region HW3diii. We have probably picked up the most prominent peaks in the angular size range of our interferometer. We discuss three dynamical models: (1) Keplerian motion around a central object, (2) two chance overlapping clouds, and (3) vortices caused by flow around an obstacle (i.e., von Karman vortex street) with Strouhal number of about~0.3., 15 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ, February 16, 2018

Currently, the priority of the Russian Federation socio-economic development is to achieve sustainable economic growth. A significant obstacle to the achievement of this goal is the unevenness and disproportionality in the socio-economic development of the Russian regions. This circumstance makes the problem of an objective and adequate assessment of Russian regions the interregional differentiation particularly relevant. The study notes that the nominal monetary income of the population does not take into account regional differences in price level. This work discusses methodological approaches of reliable determination, advantages of weighted and unweighted estimates in the interregional inequality, special attention is paid to weighing the average per capita indicators of the subject of the Russia for the proportion of the region’s population in the country’s population. To assess the purchasing power of the population at the regional level, the authors propose to use a modified cost of living index. As a result of the study, the dynamics of the variation coefficient of the average per capita monetary incomes of the population and adjusted for the modified cost-of-living index were determined, on the basis of which the regions of Russia were divided into three groups. The efficiency of the transition to the analysis of incomes comparable in purchasing power, as comparison of weighted and unweighted variation coefficients, has been proved. The trend towards smoothing interregional inequality, which is caused by the accelerated growth of real incomes of the population in the low-income group of Russian regions.

A quantitative topological analysis of the supramolecular structures of alcohols adsorbed in a model pore of active carbon and liquid alcohols in function of the micropore width and temperature is performed. The analysis is carried out by a previously suggested method (MDGT) based on a combination of molecular dynamics calculations and graph theory and allowing to recognize and remember all the supramolecular structures observed in each snapshot of a molecular dynamics trajectory, average data for any number of such snapshots thus giving the “average” concentrations of associates (dimers, trimers, etc.), and then determine the concentrations and properties of the isomers (e.g. chains, branched chains, cycles, etc.), bond lengths, angles, etc. in each group of associates.

A self-similar burnout mode of solid polydisperse fuel is considered taking into consideration heat transfer between fuel particles, gases, and combustion chamber walls. A polydisperse composition of fuel is taken into account by introducing particle distribution functions by radiuses obtained for the kinetic and diffusion combustion modes. Equations for calculating the temperatures of particles and gases are presented, which are written for particles average with respect to their distribution functions by radiuses taking into account the fuel burnout ratio. The proposed equations take into consideration the influence of fuel composition, air excess factor, and gas recirculation ratio. Calculated graphs depicting the variation of particle and gas temperatures, and the fuel burnout ratio are presented for an anthracite-fired boiler. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Inc.

A method for calculating the concentrations of molecular structures in liquid and adsorbed fluids that has been developed based on a combination of molecular dynamics and elements of the graph theory is used to determine the characteristics of nanostructures of diols adsorbed in model pores of active carbon as functions of the width and the degree of filling of a pore and temperature.

A method is proposed for a priori calculating adsorption isotherms based on the combination of the molecular dynamics method and Dubinin-Radushkevich and Tolmachev-Aranovich equations. The isotherms of adsorption of individual gases and vapors, as well as components of gaseous and vaporous mixtures and liquid solutions on microporous active carbons, are calculated using this method.

A method previously developed for calculating molecular nanostructures in liquid and adsorbed fluids based on the combination of molecular dynamics with graph theory is modified. In terms of the modified method, the concentrations of associates in water adsorbed in model pores of active carbon are calculated as functions of the degree of pore filling and temperature.

Based on the combination of molecular-dynamic calculations with the graph theory, a method for identifying and remembering all molecular nanostructures observed in each snapshot of a molecular-dynamic trajectory; averaging data for any number of such snapshots, i.e., estimating averaged concentrations of associates (dimers, trimers, etc.); and determining the concentrations and structural characteristics (bond lengths, angles, etc.) of corresponding structures (e.g., chains, branched chains, cycles, etc.) in each group of the associates is developed for the first time. The method is implemented as a software package, which is applied for the topological analysis of adsorbed and liquid ethanol and molecular nanostructures of different substances occurring in adsorbed or liquid states.

It is shown that surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can affect the in situ reactions and phase transformations occurring in the surface layers of high-resistivity (semi-insulator) gallium arsenide during deposition of gold. The film formed by SAWs is multilayer in the directions both parallel and perpendicular to the surface. Amplitude, velocity, and delay of the SAWs are very sensitive to the processes occurring in the interfacial Au/GaAs layers owing to the features of their propagation vectors.

The molecular dynamics method is used to calculate the isotherms of vapor adsorption in a model pore of active carbon taking into account the microheterogeneous structure of the adsorbent. In the calculations, an additional volume with a nonadsorbing surface (bulk phase) is added to the adsorbing volume of a slitlike model pore with a diameter and a width of ≈3 and 0.7 nm, respectively, and the trajectories of molecules are determined. After the dynamic equilibrium is established, the equilibrium numbers of molecules in the adsorption and bulk phases are estimated through averaging over time. Varying the total number of molecules, the necessary number of points is obtained for an isotherm, which, employing the theory of volume filling of micropores, is presented in ordinary coordinates and can be compared with the experimental data.

Benzene, methanol, ethanol, and 1,3-propanediol adsorption in model pores of active carbon is studied by the molecular dynamics method using the OPLSAA universal force field with allowance for the microheterogeneous structure of the carbon. It is shown that, in a slitlike pore with a width and a diameter of 0.7 and 3 nm, respectively, adsorbate molecules are, on average, located in parallel with pore walls and have a constant deviation from this position. When few molecules are contained in a limited pore space, they are located independently of one another in two different layers; however, as their concentration increases, initially, aggregates bonded (in the case of alcohols) through hydrogen bonds and, subsequently, dense layers are formed that strongly affect one another.

Context. The results of monitoring of the water-vapour maser in the 1.35-cm line toward ON2 in 1995-2004 are reported. Aims. The main goal was to study variations of the H 2 O maser emission on a long (10 years) time interval, in particular, velocity drifts and correlation between fluxes in various spectral features. Methods. The observations were carried out on the RT-22 radio telescope of Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory. Results. The emission of the northern component (ON2 N) took place in a broad interval of radial velocities, from -12 to 9 km s -1 . The total H 2 O emission has two variability components: slow and flaring. The period of the former component is most likely between 25 and 30 years. The flaring component has a cyclic character with a period from 1.1 to 2.6 years. The alternation of the activity cycles was accompanied by changes in the velocity structure of the H 2 O spectra. There is good correlation between the variations in the integrated flux and velocity centroid, as well as between the emissions in various segments of the H 2 O spectrum. We suggest that long-term variations and oscillations of the water-maser emission can be related to the non-stationarity and anisotropy of bipolar molecular outflow from the B-type star in the ultracompact H II region.

We present the results from observing the circumstellar maser emission of the M-type supergiant S Per in the 6 16 –5 23 water-vapour line at 1.35 cm. The observations were carried out in 1981–2002 ($\rm JD=2\,444\,900$–2 452 480) on the RT-22 radio telescope of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory, Astrospace Center of the Lebedev Institute of Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences. The H 2 O spectra obtained represent an unprecedented long, uniform dataset on this star. We discuss the properties of the optical and maser variations of S Per, together with particulars of the available VLBI maps. The close relation between maser and optical variations favors a model in which mass-loss is episodic. Changes observed in the total H 2 O line flux follow the visual light curve with a delay of 0.01 to 0.5 P , where $P\approx 800$ d is the mean light cycle for S Per. The feature at $V_{\mathrm{LSR}}=-44$ km s -1 flared in July 1988, which seemed to be the response of the maser to an unusually bright optical maximum. The position of the -44-km s -1 feature on the VLBI maps coincides with the direction toward the optical stellar disc, which can be explained by amplification of enhanced stellar continuum by the H 2 O line.

This paper reviews systematic studies aimed at developing the physicochemical foundations of adsorption purification of volatile compounds of Group II–VI elements (halides, inorganic hydrides, metalorganic compounds, and process gases) attractive for electronic and optical applications. The efficiency of fine purification via adsorption is analyzed in comparison with distillation, extraction, and crystallization, and the role of the adsorption step in integrated processes for the preparation of high-purity substances is discussed. Future directions in developing adsorption techniques for fine purification of substances are outlined.

Analytical decisions supported by experimental data were used to determine the dependences for calculating the size of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) in multilayer welding of circumferential joints in transmission gas pipelines. Data on the dimensions of this zone are essential for evaluating the possibility of applying cold cutting in the rejection of elements of gas pipelines because of defects in circumferential welded joints or welded joints in transition rings in the vicinity of circumferential welded joints. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

The results of observations of the H2O maser emission ( =1 :35 cm) of the Mira-type variable star RS Vir are presented. The observations were carried out in 1981{2001 (JD = 2 444 900 2 451 995) on the RT-22 radio telescope of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory (Russia). The variability curve of the H2O maser emission integrated flux Fint(H2O) of RS Vir correlates with its visual light curve with some phase delay ' =( 0:05 0:35)P (P is the star's period). The delay variations seem to be periodic at a timescale of 19{20 years (\superperiod" of the maser variations). If the variability of the H2O maser RS Vir is caused by periodic action of pulsation-driven shock waves, the shock travel time from the photosphere to the inner boundary of the H2 Om aser shell can be as long as (3{5)P. Another explanation is that maser variations may be connected with changing gas density in the masering region of the circumstellar envelope. In particular, long-term maser variations (the \superperiod") may be caused by changing mass loss rate _ M.

The application of the characteristic curve method (CCM) for the calculation of adsorption equilibria is discussed. It is shown that in the case of microporous adsorbents the CCM enables a priori calculations of adsorption equilibria in one- and multi-component systems over a wide range of temperature and equilibrium phase compositions employing only very limited ‘basic’ experimental information.

Since 1980 variability of a sample of H2O maser sources has been monitored on the 22-metre radio telescope in Pushchino, Russia. The interval between successive observational sessions is 1–2 months. The sample includes 125 maser sources in star-forming regions (SFR) and late-type variable stars. Twenty-six-year time series of H2O line profiles have detected flares and velocity drift of spectral features. Very fast variations in the H2O maser flux (Δt ≲ 1 hour) have been detected in several SFR sources, in particular, W33B. Variations of circumstellar H2O masers in late-type stars correlate with visual light curves with a time lag of 0.3-0.4P (P is the star's period). Exceptionally strong H2O maser flares were recorded in SFR sources (Sgr B2 and others) and in the stars W Hya, R Cas and U Ori. Models for H2O maser variability are reviewed. For stellar masers shock-wave excitation of H2O line variability is discussed.

It is shown that hydraulic characteristics in a fluidized bed oscillate in a spectrum that is discrete due to the reciprocal effect of the fluidization regime on gas-blower operation.

The mechanism of elastic pressure waves in concentrated dispersed systems is discussed. It is shown that the continuously relaxing medium model is valid for describing acoustic effects in a fluidized vibrating layer.

An expression for the Joule-Thompson coefficient of a polydisperse medium subject to throttling is derived in the relaxation approximation of thermodynamics of irreversible processes, with both temperature and velocity relaxation in the phases taken into account.

The porosity of a fixed and a fluidized bed near a wall are determined experimentally by means of x-radioscopy and the results are presented.

In this paper we examine the problem of extracting Mo99 from irradiated samples of U3O8 and UO2, fired in vacuum and in a stream of argon from 400 to 1200 °. The relation of the per cent of Mo99 extracted to temperature and time of firing was demonstrated.

An approximate formula is derived for the heating time of particles in a fluidized polydispersion bed.