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【目的】研究田基黄中槲皮苷(Quercetin-3-β-D-rhamnose)、异槲皮苷(Quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside)、田基黄苷(Quercetin-7-β-D-rhamnose)3个黄酮类化合物的保肝退黄作用。【方法】选用四氯化碳(CCl4)和D-氨基半乳糖胺(D-Gal)致大鼠急性肝损伤模型,观察3个黄酮类化合物对血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的影响;用α-萘异硫氰酸酯(ANIT)致小鼠黄疸性肝损伤模型,观察3个黄酮类化合物对血清总胆红素(T.BIL)的影响。【结果】异槲皮苷、槲皮苷、田基黄苷均能显著抑制CCl4和D-Gal所致的大鼠血清ALT和AST升高,对ANIT所致的小鼠血清总胆红素升高有明显的降低作用。【结论】田基黄中3个黄酮类化合物异槲皮苷、槲皮苷、田基黄苷均有保肝退黄作用。

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To enhance the robustness of longitudinal protection in LCC-MMC hybrid cascaded HVDC transmission systems, a longitudinal protection scheme of HVDC transmission based on longitudinal impedance and improved Bhattacharyya distance algorithm was proposed. The difference of the electric capacity at the first and last ends of the protected line was quantified by combining the Bhattacharyya distance algorithm with longitudinal impedance protection in this scheme, and the faults inside and outside the area were determined through the quantified data. Then, the fault pole selection criterion was constructed based on the energy function to ensure the reliability of the protection. Furthermore, an improved adaptive sliding window was constructed by fractal dimension, which improved the rapidity of protection. Finally, the ±800 kV LCC-MMC hybrid cascaded HVDC transmission system model of “Baijiang Project” was established on Matlab and PSCAD/EMTDC platforms, and the improved protection scheme was verified. Simulation results show that the proposed protection scheme can identify faults inside and outside the region quickly and reliably, correctly select fault poles and has a better resistance to transition resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The common shale clay (illite and kaolinite) equilibrated in different relative (RH) humidity environment in advance are collected to conduct the N2 adsoiption/desorption and high-pressure methane soiption isotherms test. Furthermore,the pore size distribution with different water contents is analyzed,and the water saturation with various RH is quantitated with the view of pore volume and its influence on clay adsorption capacity is also studied. The results indicate that the pore characteristics considering the water content vary significantly comparing with the dry condition. The fine pores less than 5. 15 nm will disappear on the pore size distribution curves because of the capillary condensation effect at the RH of 98% ,and the significant decrease of specific surface area is also accompanied. It can be also concluded that the water adsorption for clay mineral depends on the fine pores, the Sw for kaolinite is 71.43% and higher than the value of 46. 15% for illite while the RH is 98% due to the richer micropores of the former. In this condition, the adsorption capacity decreases by 85% which is caused by the blocked effect of condensed water and the change of adsorption mechanism (methane adsorbed on the water film rather than the pore wall). However,the experiments in dry condition mainly overstated the methane adsorption contribution of fine pores and cannot represent the actual shale reservoir characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]