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Copyright of Research of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Modern Preventive Medicine is the property of Modern Preventive Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources / Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong is the property of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Sedimentologica Sinica is the property of Acta Sedimentologica Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

考虑随机系数自回归模型yt = Φt yt - 1 + ut，其中Φt 为随机系数，ut 为随机误差。在允许Φt 与ut 相依以及无穷的条件下，构造了误差方差的自加权估计，并证明了该估计的渐近正态性。最后通过数值模拟，说明自加权估计的稳健和有效性。

Copyright of Modern Preventive Medicine is the property of Modern Preventive Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Earthquake Sciences is the property of China Earthquake Administration, Institute of Geophysics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (1006-2467) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【目的】 分析Expressmarker22（EX22）系统检测广东汉族人群中的梯度标准物范围之外（OL）等位基 因频率及序列组成，完善频率数据库。【方法】应用EX22系统对3495例广东汉族无关个体进行STR分型，统计等 位基因分型OL的等位基因频率并筛选稀有等位基因。通过比对STRBase数据库和相关文献，对暂未报道的OL 样本进行单基因座扩增及克隆测序。【结果】共发现分布于10个基因座中的33种OL等位基因，频率为0.3‰~ 4.6‰，其中稀有等位基因25种，11个未见报道。测序结果显示以核心序列的不完整重复多见。【结论】OL等位 基因数据有助于提高个体识别率和非父排除率，有效补充法医DNA多态性数据，完善数据库建设。

Copyright of Diamond & Abrasives Engineering is the property of Zhengzhou Research Institute for Abrasives & Grinding and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sichuan Mental Health is the property of Sichuan Mental Health Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (1006-2467) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

本文主要是從公民的道德價值來研究臺灣四套現行初中語文教科書的價值取向，以了解這四套初中教科書價值取向的內容、比重和呈現方法。透過研究，我們才能更有效地評估這些教科書有沒有落實課程綱要中教學目標的價值取向。研究首先利用文獻建構教科書價值取向的分析框架，然後採用先定性，後定量的研究方法。 數據顯示，這四套教科書的三個年級都缺了世界層面價值取向的範疇，其他一些年級在家庭、國家、民族或自然等都有不足，可以說，四者都未能發揮「教科書是價值取向的載體」的應有功能。但各項範疇的比重則還有商榷的餘地，例如，四者在個人的量太多，而國家、民族與世界的比重就有不足，這樣課程文件中的教學目標就難全面落實。教科書的價值取向應按學生認知心理發展的方式來呈現才較合理，但不少呈「Λ」或「V」的發展，說明選材量比較隨意。如果課程文件能在不同範疇價值取向的質與量方面皆有一個明確的比重建議，則教科書的編寫才有依據，教科書也才能有質量的保證。 This article examines the value-orientation embedded in the current four sets of Chinese language textbooks of junior secondary schools in Taiwan from the perspective of citizen’s moral value. It aims to understand the content, the proportion and ways of presentation of the value-orientation in the textbooks. Through such a research, it is more effective for us to examine whether the value-orientation, which is set as one of the teaching objectives in the curriculum syllabus, has been implemented in the textbooks. This research began with building an analytical framework based on the literature review, and then it employed qualitative research method in first place and quantitative research method in the second place for data analysis. The results of the research showed that the category of value-orientation at the world level was missing in the textbooks throughout all the three forms of the secondary schools, while those at the levels of family, nation, ethnicity and nature were also found missing more or less. In short, the four sets of textbooks failed to play the designated function such as that “textbooks are vectors of value-orientation”. However, there is still a room for improvement on the proportion of each category. For example, category at individual level accounted for too much in the four sets of textbooks while categories at national and ethnic levels were far less in the proportion of them. This made it hard to implement the teaching objectives set by the curriculum documents. It is suggested that the value-orientation of the textbooks should be based on the students’ psycho-cognitive development. However, the development of a number of “Λ” or “V” indicated that it is on a random basis that the textbook material was selected. Recommendations are made as follows. If there were definite criteria in suggesting the proportion on the quality and quantity of value-orientation in various areas, not only a basis for the textbook compiling could be laid, but also the quality of the textbooks could be assured.

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

为社会养老保险制度转轨过程中的"老人"历史债务建立了双随机模型,得到了"老人"历史债务的前二阶矩,并对息力累积函数以Wiener过程和Ornstein-Uhlenbeck过程建模得到了矩的具体表达式.最后做了一个实例,以浙江省某市的实际数据,估算了该市的"老人"历史债务额.

提供商链路状态桥（PLSB）技术是一种新的电信级以太网技术,可以解决提供商骨干网传输（PBT）中点到多点的传输问题,具有较好的应用前景。文章首先介绍了PLSB的定义,然后描述了PLSB中分组的转发过程,分析了转发过程中生成环路的可能性,提出了反向路径转发检测（RPFC）策略。该策略简单而有效地抑制了路径树中的环路。

Leaf chlorophyIl content is central to carbon, water awl energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, also to the terrestrial ecosystem function. Quantitative estimates of leaf chlorophyll content with hyperspectral imagery can provide scientific insight for assessing plant s growth and smog as affected by abiotic and biotic factors. However, few studies have been conducted on the application of spectral indexes. in estimation of leaf chlorophyll contents of plants in karst areas, especially in South China. After a review of the application of common spectral indexes in estimation of leaf biochemistry parameters, we found that most of the common spectral indexes were developed based on the difference, simple ratios, normalized difference and inverse difference formulation of leaf spectral reflectance. Therefore, we firstly measured the raw reflectance spectra of leaves from four typical karst species, namely Vitex negundo, Rhus chinensis, Celtis siaensis and Alchornea trewioides with a ASD Field Spec 4 ( Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, US) spectrometers. We then used the above-mentioned four formulations to process the raw reflectance spectra and their firm-order derivative spectra. Finally, we analyzed the relation between leaf chlorophyll contents and relative leaf raw reflectance spectra and their first-order derivative spectra, and tried to propose the best spectral index for estimation leaf chlorophyll content of plants of karst areas in South China. The results were as follows: (1) Among the common spectral indexes, the unlined normalized difference vegetation index (mND705) performed well in estimation leaf chlorophyll contents of four typical karst species in term of the determination coefficient (R² was equal to 0.45) and root mean squared error (RMSE was equal to 0.26 mg • g-1). (2) However, most of the common spectral indices were not suitable for estimation leaf chlorophyll content of plants in karst areas. Thought the prediction capability of fluorescence ratio index (FR11) and chlorophyll absorption area index (CAM) were almost the same in estimation of leaf chlorophyII content of plants in karst and non-karst areas, their accuracy of prediction was relative low according to the determination coefficient. (3) The spectral indices proposed in this study performed well in estimation leaf chlorophyll content of plants in karst areas either based on the raw reflectance spectra or their first-order derivative spectra compared against others common spectral indexes, especially for the difference spectral index based on the first-order derivative spectra -dD(760, 769)-. Its determination coefficient was 0.71 and the root mean squared error was 0.19 mg • g-1. We, therefore imposed that the difference spectral index based on the first-order derivative spectra -dD( 760, 769)- can be used for estimation leaf chlorophyll content of plants in kart areas. Our results indicated that leaf chlorophyll content of plants in karst areas can be quickly and quantitatively estimated using spectral index combined with hyperspectral remote sensing data. These results can also provide scientific insights for estimating plants' growth and their adaptation to environmental stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Geomechanics is the property of Journal of Geomechanics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Choraspora bungeana is a kind of rare alpine periglacial plant. The environment that C. bungeana lives in has many stress factors such as low temperature, strong ultraviolet. PLD plays an important role in degradation of membrane phospholipids and signal transduction of phospholipids. But the activity of PLD is affected by many factors usually. In this study, the plantlets of C. bungeana was used as experimental materials to study the effects of abscisic acid(ABA)on the mitochondrial membrane bound-PLD activity in the leaves of plantlets of C. bungeana under low temperature(4, 0 and -4 ℃). The results indicated that when plantlets of C. bungeana was treated by 10, 50 and 100 μmol·L-1 ABA, the mitochondrial membrane bound-PLD activity was higher than that in the group without ABA. Among these concentrations of ABA, 50 μmol·L-1 ABA was more effective to promote the mitochondrial membrane bound-PLD activity compared with ABA of other concentrations. Sodium tungstate was an inhibitor of endogenous ABA biosynthesis and EGTA was a chelating agent of Ca2+, both of them had an important role in researching the signal transduction of ABA and Ca2+. When the plantlets of C. bungeana was treated by 0.3 mmol·L-1 Sodium tungstate, the mitochondrial membrane bound-PLD activity in the leaves of plantlets of C. bungeana was lower than that in the control without sodium tungstate. When the plantlets of C. bungeana was treated by 50 μmol·L-1 ABA+ 5 mmol·L-1 EGTA, the mitochondrial membrane bound-PLD activity in the leaves of plantlets of C. bungeana was lower than that in the group without EGTA. When the plantlets of C. bungeana was treated by 0.3 mmol·L-1 sodium tungstate + 10 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, the mitochondrial membrane bound-PLD activity in the leaves of plantlets of C. bungeana was higher than that in the group without CaCl2. From above results, ABA could affect on the mitochondrial membrane bound-PLD activity in the leaves of plantlets of C. bungeana by Ca2+ under low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Trace elements in coal exist in many forms, most of which are combined with organic matter. Coal organic matter content also determines the degree of integration and the bound state of trace elements in coal. In terms of lignite, bituminous and anthracite coal, this paper analyzed the trace element content monitored by ICP-MS, studied the fluorescence spectroscopy characteristics of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) existed in coal using 3D-EEM Absorbance and Fluorescence Scanning Spectrometer, and conducted a further investigation on the relationships of DOM with the degree of coalification, the levels and status of trace elements in coal with a utility of PARAFAC system. The conclusions indicated that there was significant difference in trace elements. The highest content was ranked by As, Mg, Cd and Mn in lignite, while Li and Sr in anthracite. There was no significant difference in the content of Cu and Co. The fluorescence spectrum characteristics of dissolved organic matter revealed that only humic-acid fluorescence peak was detected in lignite and both the peaks of humic acid and protein in bituminous, while no fluorescence peak in anthracite. Also the fluorescence intensity decreased with the increase of coal rank. It was found that the occurrence of certain trace elements related with the dissolved organic matter in coal, which the higher fluorescence intensity of humic acid, the richer the contents of trace elements for As and Mg, while the rarer for Li and Sr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]