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Simple Summary: A new estimate of swine needs in terms of amino acids seems necessary according to the factors influencing them and the current conditions within the pig industry. Using a meta-regression analysis, we found that the requirements of tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, and methionine were superior to previous recommendations regardless of the regression models and the animals' growth phases. Among the regression models used, two were selected as estimations of amino acid requirements for pigs under challenged conditions, whereas another one was chosen to estimate the amino acid requirements of genetically improved pigs under a modern housing system. These outcomes might serve as a foundation to build new standards in the assessment of pig requirements. Currently, the NRC amino acid (AA) requirements for pigs published in 2012 are used as a reference in variable swine industries. However, recent results in several articles suggest that the standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA–lysine (Lys) ratio significantly evolved over the last two decades, while some publications report inconsistent outcomes. Therefore, the present study used a meta-regression analysis to assess the relative ratio to lysine to maximize the feed efficiency of four essential amino acids (tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, and methionine) in pig diets. According to the PRISMA guidelines, articles examining the target AA requirement using a basal diet supplemented with varying levels of crystalline AA (tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, or methionine) were identified across Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct. As a result, 23, 22, 16, and 9 articles using tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, and methionine were selected and categorized into experiments for inclusion in our meta-analysis. The results suggested that the requirements of tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, and methionine in our meta-regression analysis were superior to NRC recommendations, regardless of the regression models and the growth phases with significant RSQ values (RSQ ≈ 1). Also, the QUAD and CLP regression models emphasized higher requirements than the LP model for the great majority of amino acids and growth phases. The results of the QUAD and CLP models were selected as estimations of the amino acid requirements for pigs under challenged conditions, whereas the LP model was chosen to estimate the amino acid requirements of genetically improved pigs under a modern housing system. The results of this meta-regression analysis could be used to refresh the information on the NRC amino acids (AA) requirements for swine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Am 11. Februar 2025 findet der internationale Safer Internet Day bereits zum 22. Mal statt. Nutzen Sie den Aktionsmonat um sich mit dem Thema „sichere Internet- und Handynutzung“ auseinanderzusetzen und nehmen Sie mit Ihrem Projekt an der Verlosung teil. Die kostenlose Fachtagung findet am 13. Februar 2025 von 14:00 – 17:30 bei A1 Telekom Austria in Wien statt.

This work presents the development and testing of an experimental web-based SDR (software-defined radio) monitoring system for indirect solar activity detection, which has the ability to estimate and potentially predict various events in space and on earth, including solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and geomagnetic storms. The proposed system can be used to investigate the effect of solar activity on the propagation of very-low-frequency (VLF) signals. The advantages and benefits of the given approach are as follows: increasing measurement accuracy and eventual solar activity identification by combining measurements from multiple spatially distributed SDRs. The verification process involves carrying out several experiments comparing data from the GOES satellite system and the Dunksin SuperSID system with information received by the SDR monitoring system. Then, utilizing Pearson correlation coefficients, the measured data from the SDRs, along with those from the GOES satellite system and the Dunsing monitoring station, are investigated. At the time of a solar flare, the correlation value is above 90% for most of the stations used. Combining the signal-to-noise ratio via summation also shows an improvement in the results, with a correlation above 98%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the NRC amino acid (AA) requirements for pigs published in 2012 are used as a reference in variable swine industries. However, recent results in several articles suggest that the standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA–lysine (Lys) ratio significantly evolved over the last two decades, while some publications report inconsistent outcomes. Therefore, the present study used a meta-regression analysis to assess the relative ratio to lysine to maximize the feed efficiency of four essential amino acids (tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, and methionine) in pig diets. According to the PRISMA guidelines, articles examining the target AA requirement using a basal diet supplemented with varying levels of crystalline AA (tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, or methionine) were identified across Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct. As a result, 23, 22, 16, and 9 articles using tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, and methionine were selected and categorized into experiments for inclusion in our meta-analysis. The results suggested that the requirements of tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, and methionine in our meta-regression analysis were superior to NRC recommendations, regardless of the regression models and the growth phases with significant RSQ values (RSQ ≈ 1). Also, the QUAD and CLP regression models emphasized higher requirements than the LP model for the great majority of amino acids and growth phases. The results of the QUAD and CLP models were selected as estimations of the amino acid requirements for pigs under challenged conditions, whereas the LP model was chosen to estimate the amino acid requirements of genetically improved pigs under a modern housing system. The results of this meta-regression analysis could be used to refresh the information on the NRC amino acids (AA) requirements for swine.

Background: Vocational programmes run by teachers in the special needs school context can play a significant role in the vocational development of learners with severe intellectual disability (SID). This study aimed to answer the question ‘what are the challenges faced by teachers in the implementation of vocational programmes in selected public special needs schools for learners with SID in the Metropolitan (Metro) District within the City of Cape Town?’ Objectives: The objectives were to describe the challenges as perceived by participants, to highlight common and contrasting challenges in the different schools and to share recommendations on support needed. Method: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. A combination of purposive and snowball sampling strategies was used to select six teachers from six special needs schools. One-on-one semi-structured interviews with teachers were performed. An interview schedule was used as a tool and all interviews were transcribed and translated into English verbatim. Thematic analysis was applied. Results: The findings showed that teachers encounter inadequate resources, a lack of training, and poor support systems. This study highlights the issues of existing policy and the lack of a mandatory policy on vocational programmes in South Africa. Conclusion: The participants’ experiences added to the existing literature by providing valuable insights into the obstacles teachers encounter in this relatively new curriculum. A multifaceted policy framework that is well funded and implemented is much needed to address the challenges identified. Contribution: The findings may contribute to the development and strengthening of policies on vocational programmes within the South African context.

Am 06. Februar 2024 findet zum 21. Mal der internationale Safer Internet Day statt. Das Motto lautete auch dieses Jahr wieder: „Safer Internet Day: Together for a better internet“. Egal ob Kinder, Jugendliche, Eltern, Schulen, Unternehmen oder Politik: Jeder kann einen Beitrag für ein „besseres Internet“ leisten ...

This manuscript will review crystalloid (hypo-, iso-, and hyper-tonic) and colloid (synthetic and natural) fluids that are available for intravenous administration with a focus on their electrolyte, acid-base, colligative, and rheological effects as they relate to each solution's efficacy and safety. The goal is for the reader to better understand the differences between each fluid and the influence on plasma composition, key organ systems, and their implications when used therapeutically in animals with critical illness.

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and molecules that work together to defend the body against pathogens and maintain overall health. However, in some individuals, the immune system fails to function correctly, leading to immunodeficiencies. Immunodeficiencies can be classified into primary (PID) and secondary (SID) types, each with distinct underlying causes and manifestations. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as key components of the immune system, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both PID and SID. In this study, we aim to unravel the intricate involvement of TLR2, TLR4, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 in the immunopathogenesis of common variable immunodeficiency—CVID (as PID)—and chronic lymphocytic leukemia—CLL (as SID). The obtained results indicate a significant increase in the percentage of all tested subpopulations of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes showing positive expression of all analyzed TLRs in patients with CVID and CLL compared to healthy volunteers, constituting the control group, which is also confirmed by analysis of the concentration of soluble forms of these receptors in the plasma of patients. Furthermore, patients diagnosed with CVID are characterized by the percentage of all lymphocytes showing positive expression of the tested TLR2, TLR4, TLR3, and TLR9 and their plasma concentrations in relation to patients with CLL. By investigating the functions and interactions of TLRs within the immune system, we seek to shed light on their critical role in the development and progression of these immunodeficiencies. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature and presented experimental data, we hope to deepen our understanding of the complex mechanisms by which TLRs contribute to the pathogenesis of PID and SID. Ultimately, our findings may provide valuable insights into developing targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate the impact of these disorders on those affected by immunodeficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sistem Informasi Desa (SID) adalah seperangkat alat dan proses pemanfaatan data dan informasi untuk mendukung pengelolaan sumber daya berbasis komunitas di tingkat desa. SID merupakan bagian dari implementasi Undang-Undang (UU) Desa. UU Desa Pasal 86 UU no. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Sistem Informasi Pembangunan Desa dan Pembangunan Kawasan Perdesaan. Desa belum dapat mengimplementasikan SID karena kurangnya pemahaman perangkat desa tentang SID. Oleh karena itu, kebutuhan akan pelatihan SID menjadi sangat urgen bagi desa khususnya para perangkat desa. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, Fakultas Ilmu Komputer, Universitas Sriwijaya, melakukan kegiatan pelatihan SID berbasis OpenSID melalui program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PkM). Hasil dari pelatihan diperoleh bahwa materi yang diberikan cukup dipahami oleh semua peserta pelatihan meskipun mereka belum pernah menggunakan aplikasi yang sejenis. Selain itu, mereka percaya bahwa SID dapat membantu administrasi desa dan meningkatkan layanan informasi desa.

Am 07. Februar 2023 findet zum 20. Mal der internationale Safer Internet Day statt. Das Motto lautete auch dieses Jahr wieder: „Safer Internet Day: Together for a better internet“. Egal ob Kinder, Jugendliche, Eltern, Schulen, Unternehmen oder Politik: Jeder kann einen Beitrag für ein „besseres Internet“ leisten ...

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and molecules that work together to defend the body against pathogens and maintain overall health. However, in some individuals, the immune system fails to function correctly, leading to immunodeficiencies. Immunodeficiencies can be classified into primary (PID) and secondary (SID) types, each with distinct underlying causes and manifestations. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as key components of the immune system, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both PID and SID. In this study, we aim to unravel the intricate involvement of TLR2, TLR4, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 in the immunopathogenesis of common variable immunodeficiency—CVID (as PID)—and chronic lymphocytic leukemia—CLL (as SID). The obtained results indicate a significant increase in the percentage of all tested subpopulations of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes showing positive expression of all analyzed TLRs in patients with CVID and CLL compared to healthy volunteers, constituting the control group, which is also confirmed by analysis of the concentration of soluble forms of these receptors in the plasma of patients. Furthermore, patients diagnosed with CVID are characterized by the percentage of all lymphocytes showing positive expression of the tested TLR2, TLR4, TLR3, and TLR9 and their plasma concentrations in relation to patients with CLL. By investigating the functions and interactions of TLRs within the immune system, we seek to shed light on their critical role in the development and progression of these immunodeficiencies. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature and presented experimental data, we hope to deepen our understanding of the complex mechanisms by which TLRs contribute to the pathogenesis of PID and SID. Ultimately, our findings may provide valuable insights into developing targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate the impact of these disorders on those affected by immunodeficiency.

Simple Summary: The purposes of the present study were to determine the effect of core body temperature on acid-base variables and determine the origins of acid-base changes in the arterial and mixed venous blood of horses during exercise and recovery. Moderate intensity exercise resulted in an increase in body temperature that, in addition to exercise, affected acid-base status and gas partial pressures. Moderate intensity exercise resulted in a mild alkalosis that had markedly different origins in arterial blood than in mixed venous blood, and this was affected by the increase in core temperature during exercise and its resolution during recovery. In order to fully understand how acid-base status changes during exercise and recovery, it is importance to quantify the changes in both arterial and mixed venous blood, with adjustment to core temperature. Acid-base assessments using jugular vein blood samples are limited in comparison. The present study determined the independent contributions of temperature, strong ion difference ([SID]), total weak acid concentration ([Atot]) and PCO2 to changes in arterial and mixed venous [H+] and total carbon dioxide concentration ([TCO2]) during 37 min of moderate intensity exercise (~50% of heart rate max) and the first 60 min of recovery. Six horses were fitted with indwelling carotid and pulmonary artery (PA) catheters, had PA temperature measured, and had blood samples withdrawn for immediate analysis of plasma ion and gas concentrations. The increase in core temperature during exercise (+4.5 °C; p < 0.001) significantly (p < 0.05) increased PO2, PCO2, and [H+], but without a significant effect on [TCO2] (p > 0.01). The physicochemical acid-base approach was used to determine contributions of independent variables (except temperature) to the changes in [H+] and [TCO2]. In both arterial and venous blood, there was no acidosis during exercise and recovery despite significant (p < 0.05) increases in [lactate] and in venous PCO2. In arterial blood plasma, a mild alkalosis with exercise was due to primarily to a decrease in PCO2 (p < 0.05) and an increase in [SID] (p < 0.1). In venous blood plasma, a near absence of change in [H+] was due to the acidifying effects of increased PCO2 (p < 0.01) being offset by the alkalizing effects of increased [SID] (p < 0.05). The effect of temperature on PO2 (p < 0.001) resulted in an increased arterio-venous PO2 difference (p < 0.001) that would facilitate O2 transfer to contracting muscle. The simultaneous changes in the PCO2 and the concentrations of the other independent acid-base variables (contributions from individual strong and weak ions as manifest in [SID] and [Atot]) show complex, multilevel control of acid-base states in horses performing even moderate intensity exercise. Correction of acid-base variables to core body temperature presents a markedly different physiological response to exercise than that provided by variables measured and presented at an instrument temperature of 37 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Steroid-induced diabetes (SID) can be defined as the occurrence of hyperglycemic state in non-diabetic individuals following steroid therapy. The traditional risk factors for type 2 DM, such as age, abdominal obesity, family history, and physical activity, have been incorporated in the Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS). We conducted this study to determine the use of IDRS in the prediction of SID. Materials and methods: A prospective observational, cohort study on non-diabetic subjects, aged between 18 and 70 years, on oral or parenteral steroid therapy for different diseases was conducted. Anthropometric records were collected. Baseline biochemical parameters in the blood (FPG, PPG, and HbA1c) were measured before initiating steroid therapy. The biochemical parameters, except HbA1c, were measured again on day 3 after steroid therapy initiation. Based on FPG and PPG of day 3, participants were categorized as normal, pre-diabetic, and diabetic. Based on IDRS, patients with SID were categorized as low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk IDRS groups for further analysis. Results: Out of 317 subjects, SID was found in 132(42%) subjects. We observed significantly higher age (p value = 0.04) and BMI (p value = 0.03) in diabetes group compared to normal and pre-diabetes groups. There was no significant difference (p = 0.6) in mean waist circumference across steroid-induced diabetic groups. A sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.359) and family history (p value = 0.388) have no association with SID. The incidence of SID was significantly high among high-risk IDRS (58%) when compared to that of low-risk (34.8%) and medium-risk (36%) IDRS (p < 0.001). IDRS more than 60 showed odds ratio of 1.69 (95% C.I, 1.24–2.16, p < 0.001) for steroid-induced diabetes. IDRS of more than 30 had 71.4% sensitivity and 44.6% specificity for SID (p value = 0.001). Conclusions: The cumulative scores of IDRS were higher in patients with SID. This score may be used as an initial screening test to select patients for blood sugar monitoring in those treated with steroids on OPD basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing salient instance detection (SID) methods typically learn from pixel-level annotated datasets. In this paper, we present the first weakly-supervised approach to the SID problem. Although weak supervision has been considered in general saliency detection, it is mainly based on using class labels for object localization. However, it is non-trivial to use only class labels to learn instance-aware saliency information, as salient instances with high semantic affinities may not be easily separated by the labels. As the subitizing information provides an instant judgement on the number of salient items, it is naturally related to detecting salient instances and may help separate instances of the same class while grouping different parts of the same instance. Inspired by this observation, we propose to use class and subitizing labels as weak supervision for the SID problem. We propose a novel weakly-supervised network with three branches: a Saliency Detection Branch leveraging class consistency information to locate candidate objects; a Boundary Detection Branch exploiting class discrepancy information to delineate object boundaries; and a Centroid Detection Branch using subitizing information to detect salient instance centroids. This complementary information is then fused to produce a salient instance map. To facilitate the learning process, we further propose a progressive training scheme to reduce label noise and the corresponding noise learned by the model, via reciprocating the model with progressive salient instance prediction and model refreshing. Our extensive evaluations show that the proposed method plays favorably against carefully designed baseline methods adapted from related tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SIN3A, a scaffold protein has regulatory functions in tumor biology. Through its Paired amphipathic helix (PAH2) domain, SIN3A interacts with PHF12 (PF1), a protein with SIN3 interaction domain (SID) that forms a complex with MRG15 and KDM5A/B. These components are often overexpressed in cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the role of SIN3A and its interacting partner PF1 in mediating inhibition of tumor growth and invasion in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We found profound inhibition of invasion, migration, and induction of cellular senescence by specific disruption of the PF1/SIN3A PAH2 domain interaction in TNBC cells expressing PF1-SID transcript or peptide treatment. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq revealed that PF1-SID downregulates several gene sets and pathways linked to invasion and migration. Integrin α6 (ITGA6) and integrin ß1 (ITGB1) and their downstream target proteins were downregulated in PF1-SID cells. We further determined increased presence of SIN3A and transcriptional repressor, KLF9, on promoters of ITGA6 and ITGB1 in PF1-SID cells. Knockdown of KLF9 leads to re-expression of ITGA6 and ITGB1 and restoration of the invasive phenotype, functionally linking KLF9 to this process. Overall, these data demonstrate that specific disruption of PF1/SIN3A, inhibits tumor growth, migration, and invasion. Also, PF1-SID not only inhibits tumor growth by senescence induction and reduced proliferation, but it also targets cancer stem cell gene expression and blocks mammosphere formation. Overall, these data demonstrate a mechanism whereby invasion and metastasis of TNBC can be suppressed by inhibiting SIN3A-PF1 interaction and enhancing KLF9 mediated suppression of ITGA6 and ITGB1.

Background: The incidence of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) in the United States has persisted at roughly the same level since the mid-2000s, despite intensive prevention efforts around safe sleep. Disparities in outcomes across racial and socioeconomic lines also persist. These disparities are reflected in the spatial distribution of cases across neighborhoods. Strategies for prevention should be targeted precisely in space and time to further reduce SUID and correct disparities., Objective: We sought to aid neighborhood-level prevention efforts by characterizing communities where SUID occurred in Cook County, IL, from 2015 to 2019 and predicting where it would occur in 2021-2025 using a semiautomated, reproducible workflow based on open-source software and data., Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study queried geocoded medical examiner data from 2015-2019 to identify SUID cases in Cook County, IL, and aggregated them to "communities" as the unit of analysis. We compared demographic factors in communities affected by SUID versus those unaffected using Wilcoxon rank sum statistical testing. We used social vulnerability indicators from 2014 to train a negative binomial prediction model for SUID case counts in each given community for 2015-2019. We applied indicators from 2020 to the trained model to make predictions for 2021-2025., Results: Validation of our query of medical examiner data produced 325 finalized cases with a sensitivity of 95% (95% CI 93%-97%) and a specificity of 98% (95% CI 94%-100%). Case counts at the community level ranged from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 17. A map of SUID case counts showed clusters of communities in the south and west regions of the county. All communities with the highest case counts were located within Chicago city limits. Communities affected by SUID exhibited lower median proportions of non-Hispanic White residents at 17% versus 60% (P<.001) and higher median proportions of non-Hispanic Black residents at 32% versus 3% (P<.001). Our predictive model showed moderate accuracy when assessed on the training data (Nagelkerke R2=70.2% and RMSE=17.49). It predicted Austin (17 cases), Englewood (14 cases), Auburn Gresham (12 cases), Chicago Lawn (12 cases), and South Shore (11 cases) would have the largest case counts between 2021 and 2025., Conclusions: Sharp racial and socioeconomic disparities in SUID incidence persisted within Cook County from 2015 to 2019. Our predictive model and maps identify precise regions within the county for local health departments to target for intervention. Other jurisdictions can adapt our coding workflows and data sources to predict which of their own communities will be most affected by SUID., (© Daniel P Riggins, Huiyuan Zhang, William E Trick. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org).)

Der internationale Aktionstag am 8. Februar 2022 steht unter dem Motto „Together for a better internet“. Egal ob Kinder, Jugendliche, Eltern, Schulen, Unternehmen oder Politik: Jeder kann einen Beitrag für ein „besseres Internet“ leisten ...

Für den im Februar stattfinden Safer Internet Day (SID) werden jedes Jahr rund 400 Jugendliche befragt, um die Lebenswelt der Jugendlichen in sozialen Netzen deutlich zu machen. Heuer wurde – neben dem aktuellen Jugend Internet Monitor – auch eine Studie „Das Leben im Online-Stream. Soziale Netzwerke & Selbstdarstellung“ präsentiert. Und wie es in Zeiten der Pandemie üblich ist, fand der SID 2021 online statt.

The present study determined the independent contributions of temperature, strong ion difference ([SID]), total weak acid concentration ([Atot]) and PCO2 to changes in arterial and mixed venous [H+] and total carbon dioxide concentration ([TCO2]) during 37 min of moderate intensity exercise (~50% of heart rate max) and the first 60 min of recovery. Six horses were fitted with indwelling carotid and pulmonary artery (PA) catheters, had PA temperature measured, and had blood samples withdrawn for immediate analysis of plasma ion and gas concentrations. The increase in core temperature during exercise (+4.5 °C; p < 0.001) significantly (p < 0.05) increased PO2, PCO2, and [H+], but without a significant effect on [TCO2] (p > 0.01). The physicochemical acid-base approach was used to determine contributions of independent variables (except temperature) to the changes in [H+] and [TCO2]. In both arterial and venous blood, there was no acidosis during exercise and recovery despite significant (p < 0.05) increases in [lactate] and in venous PCO2. In arterial blood plasma, a mild alkalosis with exercise was due to primarily to a decrease in PCO2 (p < 0.05) and an increase in [SID] (p < 0.1). In venous blood plasma, a near absence of change in [H+] was due to the acidifying effects of increased PCO2 (p < 0.01) being offset by the alkalizing effects of increased [SID] (p < 0.05). The effect of temperature on PO2 (p < 0.001) resulted in an increased arterio-venous PO2 difference (p < 0.001) that would facilitate O2 transfer to contracting muscle. The simultaneous changes in the PCO2 and the concentrations of the other independent acid-base variables (contributions from individual strong and weak ions as manifest in [SID] and [Atot]) show complex, multilevel control of acid-base states in horses performing even moderate intensity exercise. Correction of acid-base variables to core body temperature presents a markedly different physiological response to exercise than that provided by variables measured and presented at an instrument temperature of 37 °C.

Am 9. Februar 2021 findet der internationale Safer Internet Day bereits zum 18. Mal statt. Unter dem Motto „Together for a better internet“ dreht sich alles um den sicheren und verantwortungsvollen Umgang mit digitalen Medien. Die EU-Initiative Saferinternet.at ruft gemeinsam mit dem Bundesministerium für Arbeit, Familie und Jugend sowie dem Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung dazu auf, sich aktiv mit eigenen Projekten am Safer Internet Day 2021 zu beteiligen.

Mercury (Hg) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are components of household dust and are a risk for human health. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of Hg and PTEs in household dust in individual housing facilities in the town of Šid, Serbia and their correlation to the content of the elements found in the surrounding garden soil. Total of 64 samples of household dust were collected from 16 locations of individual housing facilities on 4 occasions. Samples of surrounding yard and garden soil were simultaneously collected. None of the 64 analysed soil samples exceeded the threshold limit (TL) prescribed by law for non-agricultural soil, which is 0.3 mg kg-1 DM. Content of Hg in household dust was much higher than in the surrounding soil and ranged from 0.005 to 1.566 mg kg-1 DM. The resulting values of PTEs (As, B, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in household dust had a significantly higher range than in the soil. Contents of Hg, B, Cu, and Zn were much higher in household dust than in the soil. According to the results of correlations of the analysed elements in household dust and surrounding soil, and according to the analysed locations, direct effect of Hg and PTEs contents on the content of the same elements in household dust was not confirmed.

Saferinternet.at bietet zielgruppengerechte und individuell gestaltbare Workshops und Vorträge – für Kinder, Jugendliche, PädagogInnen, Eltern und MultiplikatorInnen in ganz Österreich. Saterinternet.at hat im Laufe des Projekts 265 verschiedene Broschüren, Folder, Videos etc. erstellt. Der internationale Safer Internet Day (SID) steht jährlich im Februar ganz im Zeichen der sicheren Nutzung digitaler Medien …

Purpose: This article aimed to investigate the extensibility of document retrieval in the form of writing words continuously and separately in three Persian scientific databases, Magiran, SID and RICEST. Methodology: The research was conducted through the content analysis method. The statistical population consisted of existing documents in Persian scientific databases. Using Cochran's formula, 432 documents were chosen with the simple stratified sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made checklist contained examples (keywords) that could have the possibility of occurrence of writing words continuously and separately. Findings: The results revealed that there was a difference between the retrieval capability of Persian scientific databases with each form of writing words continuously and separately. In addition, findings revealed that while searching in scientific databases, only 5.3 % of documents can be retrieved with each form of writing words and in contrast 94.7% of documents were retrieved only with the same state of recorded examples of documents. Also, the comparison of the writing form of the examples in the PDF version of the documents with the information provided by the same documents in the Persian Scientific Databases showed that writing form of a significant portion of the examples of documents has been altered from writing words semi-spacely to separately and continuously. Conclusion: Present study revealed that the studied Persian Scientific Databases have not addressed the challenges of writing words continuously and separately in a comprehensive way in order to improve recall of search results; this undesirable situation may lead to loss documents which are saved in databases with other forms of writing.

Latar Belakang: Jaringan tubuh memiliki kebutuhan yang berbeda terhadap glukosa. Otak memiliki kebutuhan yang paling besar terhadap glukosa. Otak sangat rentan terhadap iskemia yang menunjukkan bahwa otak memiliki laju metabolik yang tinggi. Mekanisme injury iskemia adalah perubahan biokimia dan perubahan fisiologis yang terjadi karena ganguan sirkulasi. Perubahan-perubahan tersebut seperti: (1) Hilangnya phospat energi tinggi, (2) Asidosis karena proses anaerob yang menghasilkan laktat dan (3) No Reflow karena oedem otak. Penggunaan kadar laktat sebagai indikator iskemia jaringan, telah banyak dilakukan dalam berbagai penelitian. Hasil-hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kadar laktat dapat digunakan sebagai penanda awal untuk memprediksi resiko komplikasi, mortalitas post operatif dan kejadian MOF (Multiple Organ Failure). Belakangan banyak dibicarakan mengenai hubungan perubahan SID dengan outcome klinis yang buruk. Mereka menemukan bahwa SID/SIG merupakan prediktor kuat terhadap outcome pasien. Stres oksidatif merupakan salah satu mekanisme yang terlibat dalam kerusakan saraf akibat iskemia dan reperfusi, diperkirakan karena terbentuknya lipid peroksidase. MDA digunakan sebagai penanda dari peroksidasi lipid, terutama untuk proses-proses yang berhubungan dengan stress oksidatif. Rasio ekstraksi oksigen serebral (CERO2) dapat dipergunakan sebagai indikator adanya iskemia otak. Subyek dan Metode: Sebelas pasien cedera kepala traumatik dengan GCS awal 5-12 yang menjalani operasi kraniotomi evakuasi, dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kadar glukosa, laktat, SID, MDA, nilai CERO2 serta outcome (nilai APS Score) dari pre operasi sampai 3 hari pasca operasi di ICU. Sample darah diambil dari vena jugularis interna dan arteri radialis. Hasil pengamatan dianalisa untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel pengamatan dengan outcome. Hasil: Ditemukan hubungan yang kuat antara variable kadar laktat, MDA, CERO2 terhadap outcome pasien secara umum. Namun terdapat variasi jika analisa dilakukan menurut kondisi waktu pengamatan. Hari ke-2 adalah waktu yang paling ideal untuk melihat pengaruh kadar laktat terhadap outcome sedangkan untuk melihat hubungan MDA dan CERO2 terhadap outcome, waktu pengamatan paling ideal hari ke-3. Simpulan: Variabel kadar laktat, MDA dan OER menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan sebagai prediktor outcome pada pasien dengan cedera kepala traumatik pasca kraniotomi walaupun belum dapat di simpulkan dan dijadikan acuan secara luas. Perlu suatu penelitian multicentre dengan jumlah sample yang lebih banyak serta desain penelitian yang baik untuk mendapatkan hasil yang benar-benar dapat di jadikan acuan secara luas mengenai variabel prediktor serta waktu pengamatan sehingga dapat memberikan informasi yang baik tentang prognosis outcome pasien cedera kepala traumatik, yang tetap berdasar pada patofisiologi cedera kepala serta kaskade kematian sel karena cedera otak sekunder. Predictor of Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury (Glucosa, Lactate, SID, MDA, Cerebral Extraction Ratio for Oxygen/CERO2) Background: The tissue has a different requirement for glucose. The brain has the greatest need for glucose. The brain is very susceptible to ischemia suggests that the brain has a high metabolic rate. Mechanism of ischemic injury is the biochemical changes and physiological changes that occur due to circulatory disturbances. Such changes as: (1) The loss of high energy phosphate, (2) acidosis due to anaerobic process that produces lactic and (3) No Reflow because of brain edema. The use of lactate levels as an indicator of tissue ischemia, has been widely applied in various studies. The results of these studies indicate that the levels of lactate can be used as an early marker for predicting the risk of complications, postoperative mortality and the incidence of MOF (Multiple Organ Failure). Lately a lot of talk about the relationship SID changes with poor clinical outcome. They found that the SID / SIG is a strong predictor of patient outcome. Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms involved in neuronal damage due to ischemia and reperfusion, presumably due to the formation of lipid peroxidation. MDA is used as a marker of lipid peroxidation, especially for processes associated with oxidative stress. CERO2 can be used as an indicator of cerebral ischemia. Subjects and Method: Eleven patients with a traumatic head injury initial GCS 5-12 who underwent craniotomy with evacuation operations, was observed on levels of glucose, lactate, SID, MDA, the CERO2 and the outcome (the APS Score) from pre surgery to 3 days after surgery in the ICU. Blood samples taken from the jugular internal vein and radial artery. Observations were analyzed to see the relationship between the variables with the outcome observations. Results: Found a strong relationship between the variable: levels of lactate, MDA and CERO2 on patient outcomes in general. But there are variations between them according to the conditions when the analysis carried out observations. Day 2 is the most ideal time to see the effect on outcome of lactate levels whereas to see the relationship between the MDA and CERO2 to outcome, the observation idealy taken on day 3. Conclusion: The variables, levels of lactate, MDA and CERO2 showed promising results as a predictor of outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury after craniotomy, although not yet to be concluded and is widely used as a reference. Need a multicentre study with more number of samples and good research design to get the results that can really make a reference in a broad range of predictor variables and the observations so as to provide good information about the prognosis of outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury, who remain based on the pathophysiology of brain injury and cell death cascade of secondary brain injury.

In this work, a methodology for the classification of breathing patterns in order to prevent sudden infant death (SID) incidents is presented. The basic idea is to classify breathing patterns which might lead to SID prior to an incident. A thorax sensor is proposed, which is able to simulate breathing patterns given by certain parameters. A sensor combination of conductive strain fabric and an inertial measurement unit is used for data acquisition. The data is then classified using a neural network.

This study aimed to investigate postgraduate students’ behavior in using Scientific Information Database (SID) through Lundberg and Halton theory. The research was done using survey and descriptive method. The population included 3491 postgraduate students at Shahid Chamran University in 2014 using Krejcie and Morgan table and stratified random sampling based on the population proportion at different faculties. Finally, 346 postgraduate students were selected as the sample. The results revealed a meaningful correlation between postgraduate students’ use behaviour and targeted use of SID. There was also a meaningful correlation between their use behaviour and the informed selection of SID. The findings indicated a meaningful correlation between postgraduate students’ use behaviour and the competition of SID with other databases. This confirms the strong correlation between the two variables and also simultaneous changes of the two variables, i.e. students’ use behaviour and the competition for the accountability of databases. Moreover, it was found that there was a significant relationship between use behaviour and meeting the information needs of postgraduate students through SID. In addition, use behaviour and value judgments of cultural intentions of SID had a significant correlation. Among the variables, the highest correlation coefficient was between informed selection and user’s behaviour (r = 0.867) and the lowest correlation coefficient was between purposeful behaviour and competition (r = 0.578).

Der internationale Safer Internet Day 2020 findet am Dienstag, den 11. Februar zum 17. Mal statt. Unter dem Motto "Together for a better internet" ruft die Initiative der Europäischen Kommission wieder weltweit zu Veranstaltungen und Aktionen rund um das Thema Internetsicherheit auf ...

Background: Vocational programmes run by teachers in the special needs school context can play a significant role in the vocational development of learners with severe intellectual disability (SID). This study aimed to answer the question 'what are the challenges faced by teachers in the implementation of vocational programmes in selected public special needs schools for learners with SID in the Metropolitan (Metro) District within the City of Cape Town?', Objectives: The objectives were to describe the challenges as perceived by participants, to highlight common and contrasting challenges in the different schools and to share recommendations on support needed., Method: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. A combination of purposive and snowball sampling strategies was used to select six teachers from six special needs schools. One-on-one semi-structured interviews with teachers were performed. An interview schedule was used as a tool and all interviews were transcribed and translated into English verbatim. Thematic analysis was applied., Results: The findings showed that teachers encounter inadequate resources, a lack of training, and poor support systems. This study highlights the issues of existing policy and the lack of a mandatory policy on vocational programmes in South Africa., Conclusion: The participants' experiences added to the existing literature by providing valuable insights into the obstacles teachers encounter in this relatively new curriculum. A multifaceted policy framework that is well funded and implemented is much needed to address the challenges identified., Contribution: The findings may contribute to the development and strengthening of policies on vocational programmes within the South African context., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationship(s) that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article., (© 2024. The Authors.)

The ITER Heating Neutral Beam (HNB) injector is required to deliver 16.7 MW of power to the plasma from a neutralized beam of H−/D− negative ions, produced by an RF source and accelerated up to 1 MeV. To enhance the H−/D− production, Cs will be routinely evaporated in the source by means of specific ovens embedded in the source, to reduce its work function. Controlling and monitoring the evaporation rate of Cs inside the source will be fundamental to achieve the desired performance for the ITER HNB. The prototype RF negative ion source SPIDER has been developed and built in the Neutral Beam Test Facility at Consorzio RFX. In SPIDER, liquid Cs based ovens will be used to inject Cs vapors inside the source. The CAesium Test Stand (CATS) has been specifically designed and set up for testing, commissioning, and characterizing Cs ovens in vacuum, but also to study the Cs evaporation and deposition onto surfaces. A SPIDER Cs oven prototype has been manufactured and tested in CATS in order to characterize its thermal behavior, by means of thermocouples and thermal camera, and its Cs flux, by means of Surface Ionization Detectors and Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SSZ) is considered as an important region for gold exploration in the western sector of Iran. Its mountainous topography and unpaved routes make its study challenging for researchers and raise the costs for mining companies strating new exploration plans. Gold mineralization mainly occurs as irregular to lenticular sulfide-bearing quartz veins along shear zones in deformed mafic to intermediate metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. In this investigation, ASTER data are used for mapping hydrothermal alteration minerals and to better discriminate geological structural features associated with orogenic gold occurrences in the area. Image transformation techniques such as specialized band ratioing and Principal Component Analysis are used to delineate lithological units and alteration minerals. Supervised classification techniques, namely Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Spectral Information Divergence (SID) are applied to detect subtle differences between indicator alteration minerals associated with ground-truth gold locations in the area. The directional filtering technique is applied to help in tracing along the strike the different linear structures. Results demonstrate that the integration of image transformation techniques and supervised classification of ASTER data with fieldwork and geochemical exploration studies has a great efficiency in targeting new prospects of gold mineralization in the SSZ. The approach used in this research provides a fast, cost-efficient means to start a comprehensive geological and geochemical exploration programs in the study area and elsewhere in similar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study was conducted with the main purpose of determining the fields of interest in the information management in Persian language and the secondary objectives of identifying the core authors and journals, methods of group collaboration among the authors of the articles and the subject coverage of each of the three Persian journals databases in this field. Methodology: This research was carried out using content analysis method. The research population consisted of 161 articles in the field of information management existed in three Persian of Noormags, Magiran and SID. Findings: The results of the present study showed that, the largest group of articles belonged to the medical fields published in 2007 and 2012. Also, it was revealed that among the 260 authors in the field of information management, Moghadasi with 7 articles was identified as the most productive author in this area. The degree of collaboration showed that the authors’ willingness to participate in the work group was 0.02 percent less than their willingness to work individually, and the most joint compilations were done by Moghadasi. The articles related to information management were published in 80 journals from which the largest number belonged to the journal of "Health Information Science” in medical field. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the authors in this field mostly preferred to work individually. Also the highest overlapping score of articles was found in journal databases of Noormags and Magiran with 33 common titles.

Today, Speed and coverage are two important factors that are considered by databases. In fact, a database in a particular subject area can be valid when a large percentage of the area covered by the thematic keywords and consequently it can provide most of the resources with the resources for that subject. The present study was conducted based on analytical - survey method with the main objectives of comparing Noormagz, Magiran and SID databases according to the rate of information, knowledge retrieval, and relevance of thematic vocabulary by free and controlled Keywords as well as Secondary objectives of comparing the coverage and overlap of these three databases of indexed journals in the field of information science and knowledge. All journals in the field of information and knowledge science are approved by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, according to the latest list of valid publications of this ministry in March 2016 , and key words taken from the articles in these journals were considered population of this research. Searching and comparing selected thematic keywords in each of the study databases indicated that there are a huge difference regarding free and controlled vocabulary retrieval of information and knowledge science in Noormagz database compared to the other two sites. In addition, studying the thematic relevance of research data showed that the ability of this database for receiving other related articles is more than two other databases. Although the titles of journals in Magiran database were more than those two databases and this database compared to two other databases was more update, the number of journals published in Noormagz database were more than others.

The article deals with the study of the synthesis of Eastern and Western traditions in the modern world as an example of the Iberian Peninsula. Spain – is a country in the vicissitudes of two worlds –the West and East. For a long time, Iberian culture has undergone some important changes related to the Arab conquest of land, starting with the southern province of Andalusia and ending the northern province of Galicia, Navarre, the Basque Country, Astu-rias. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of influence on the formation of the Reconquest of the Iberian culture features. The analysis of linguistic characteristics of the Spanish language, revealed word of Arabic origin.

Due to its dispersive nature, ionosphere causes a group delay or phase acceleration of the signals from Global navigation satellite systems - GNSS. Despite the progress of GNSS positioning methods, the ionospheric refraction is still one of the greatest source of the errors in the geodetic positioning and navigation. Different phenomenons oft he space weather: solar wind, geomagnetic storm, solar radiation, can damage GNSS, and electric power distribution networks but That is why it's important to establish research and monitoring methods of the space weather. The subject of this paper is the investigation of ionosphere and space weather. Procedure of constructing a SID (engl. Sudden ionospheric disturbances) monitor station are described. The analysis showed that ionosphere monitoring station in Sarajevo, SRJV_ION 0436, was able to detect increased solar radiation.

The procedure designer's toolbox calculating nominal track and protection areas is not entirely appropriate for determining the standard deviation of the trajectories, when designing a new departure procedure. The nominal track provides only a theoretical mean values to be shown on the chart but the aircraft cannot be expected to adhere to this route in a turn. Whereas protection areas are too wide and conservative estimates as they serve the purpose of providing adequate distance from ground obstacles under the worst conditions. This is why a new, radar based solution is needed to tackle this problem. The first step into this direction is to investigate the part of the route which infers the biggest uncertainty, the turn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual network operators were compared with traditional network operators from different aspects.The key points of virtual network operators building OSS/BSS were discussed.The OTT operation characteristics of virtual network operators were emphasized.Based on TMF's Frameworx,the construction principles of VNO's OSS/BSS were discussed.