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Cette recherche s’interesse au role de l’organisation du travail et du management dans l’institutionnalisation de la violence au travail. Nous etudions les situations de violence par deux niveaux d’analyse : organisationnel et individuel. Nous utilisons une methodologie qualitative et comprehensive fondee sur une immersion de huit annees dans six agences de mannequins, ayant permis l’ecriture d’une auto-ethnographie. Elle a ete completee par cinq entretiens semi-directifs aupres d’acteurs du mannequinat masculin professionnel. L’approche de la psychodynamique du travail nous permet d’etudier les trois dimensions de la violence au travail : systemique, symbolique et physique. Nous montrons que l’organisation du travail et les pratiques d’un management autoritaire normalisent des violences systemique et symbolique. En consequence, la souffrance des individus au travail ne peut pas etre sublimee et une isolation progressive des personnes s’installe. Dans ce contexte, des strategies individuelles de violence physique apparaissent. Nous proposons alors la modelisation d’un processus d’institutionnalisation de la violence lorsque les cooperations au travail sont empechees. Nous discutons de la necessite d’espaces de parole pour rehabiliter le management, et proposons des changements organisationnels pour prevenir le risque de violence subjective.

Advertisings usually display thin bodies creating and endorsing the beauty standards of the society. Large body size models are sometimes featured in advertisings to show a more inclusive marketing communication. Previous researches have investigated consumer responses to more diverse body sizes in Beauty and Fashion industries ads. This paper aims at investigating advertisement effectiveness, for both print and digital advertisings, through consumer responses (Memorization, Aad, Ab, and Purchase Intention) to body sizes in food advertisements. We used a mixed design study with a between group factor (Media type: Print or Digital) and a within-subject variable (body shape: large, thin or no model), via a folder test procedure. Participants were exposed to a fictive magazine to measure their responses toward advertisements featuring large size model versus thin one. The findings reveal that “large model” advertisements are less effective compared to “thin model” advertisements for Memorization, Attitude towards Ad, and Purchasing Intention. However, participants expressed the same Attitude towards the Brand for both conditions. Moreover, hardly any significant influence of the means of exposure to ads (printed or digital) was found. Despite the latest consumer pertinacity trends on companies to adopt diversity for social reasons; consumers, of the food industry, are still better influenced by thin models when it comes to Memorization, Aad, and PI. Furthermore, this study offers practical and societal implications not only for the experimental design, but also for practitioners to comprehend and utilize the match‐up hypothesis of body size condition needed for their marketing and advertising objectives.

The traditional argument for unbacked fiat money stresses its potential benefits in terms of production costs. While there is an undeniable grain of truth in the traditional cost-saving argument, actual fiat money regimes around the world are belying it. The Eurosystem, the Bank of England, the Bank of Japan and the Federal Reserve System all operate under relatively high costs. In fact, their operating expenses exceed the estimated costs of a generic fractional-reserve gold standard. Even when the reserve ratio of the estimated gold standard is increased up to 100% on M1, the operating expenses of these modern central bank systems remain in a similar range. Hence, the cost-saving argument is illusory in these cases. These results suggest that a return to a money that is at least partially backed by gold might be more efficient even from the vantage point of the production costs of money. The Eurosystem and the Bank of Japan are particularly expensive institutions. Their annual operating expenses as a fraction of nominal GDP are more than twice as high as those of the Federal Reserve System and the Bank of England.

International audience

International audience; We examine the Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) transmission over the Exchange Rate Volatility (ERV) for 8 Emerging Market Economies (EME) using the recent panel VAR methodology of Abrigo and Love (Stata Journal 16:778-804, 2016). The econometric investigation reveals that: (a) both domestic and US-EPU shocks exert positive effects on the ERV, (b) the contribution of the US-EPU to the ERV fluctuations overcomes the own EPU's share, (c) the ERV acts as a possible transmission channel of the US-EPU to the domestic economic activity, (d) the domestic EPU increases in response to a higher US-EPU and vice versa and (e) the latter is surprisingly and markedly sensitive to EME macroeconomic conditions. Our findings are robust to different sensitivity analyses, provide novel insights into EPU international spillovers, and have interesting policy implications for EME decisions makers and investors.

International audience