44 results on '"*VITAMIN B2 deficiency"'
Search Results
2. Risk factors for anaemia among women and their young children hospitalised with suspected thiamine deficiency in northern Lao PDR.
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Hess, Sonja Y., Smith, Taryn J., Sitthideth, Dalaphone, Arnold, Charles D., Tan, Xiuping, Jones, Kerry S., Brown, Kenneth H., Alayon, Silvia, and Kounnavong, Sengchanh
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STATISTICS , *HOSPITAL patients , *HEMOGLOBINS , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *FOOD security , *DIET , *RISK assessment , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *ANEMIA , *VITAMIN B1 deficiency , *DISEASE prevalence , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RESEARCH funding , *BODY mass index , *PRENATAL care , *IRON deficiency anemia , *MICRONUTRIENTS , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *WOMEN'S health , *NUTRITIONAL status , *SECONDARY analysis , *DISEASE risk factors , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Anaemia among women and young children remains a major public health concern. This secondary study describes the anaemia prevalence among young hospitalised children and their mothers in northern Lao People's Democratic Republic and explores possible nutritional causes and risk factors for anaemia. Hospitalised children (ages 21 days to <18 months) with clinical symptoms suggestive of thiamine deficiency disorders were eligible along with their mothers. Venous blood was collected for determination of haemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), retinol‐binding protein (RBP), erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac), thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) and acute phase proteins. Risk factors for anaemia were modelled using minimally adjusted logistic regression controlling for age. Haemoglobin results were available for 436 women (mean ± SD age 24.7 ± 6.4 years; 1.6% pregnant) and 427 children (4.3 ± 3.5 months; 60.3% male). Anaemia prevalence (Hb < 120 g/L for nonpregnant women and <110 g/L for pregnant women and children) was 30.7% among women and 55.2% among children. In bivariate analyses, biomarkers significantly associated with anaemia in women were ferritin, sTfR, RBP, EGRac and ThDP. Other risk factors for women were lower BMI, mid‐upper arm circumference < 23.5 cm, lower education, lower socioeconomic index, food insecurity, Hmong ethnicity, not/rarely having attended antenatal care, not having taken antenatal iron‐containing supplements and not meeting minimum dietary diversity. Risk factors for anaemia among children were older age, male sex, stunting, sTfR, ThDP and alpha‐1‐acid‐glycoprotein. Anaemia was common among women and their hospitalised children and was associated with micronutrient deficiencies and socioeconomic, dietary and health care‐seeking risk factors, suggesting that multiple strategies are required to prevent anaemia among women and children. Key messages: Anaemia is a public health concern among women and young children due to multiple causes and biological, socioeconomic and ecological risk factors.Anaemia was assessed among women and their young children hospitalised for clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of thiamine deficiency disorders. The risk of anaemia was significantly associated with multiple indicators of micronutrient status and factors related to poverty and health and dietary practices.The present study highlights that anaemia and iron, thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin A deficiencies are highly prevalent in the study population and that multiple strategies are required to prevent anaemia and the other consequences of these micronutrient deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Effects of riboflavin deficiency and high dietary fat on hepatic lipid accumulation: a synergetic action in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Wang, Yanxian, Bian, Xiangyu, Wan, Min, Dong, Weiyun, Gao, Weina, Yao, Zhanxin, and Guo, Changjiang
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LIPID metabolism , *PROTEINS , *IN vitro studies , *IN vivo studies , *CELL culture , *LIVER , *ANIMAL experimentation , *NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *OXIDATIVE stress , *GENE expression , *TRANSFERASES , *FACTOR analysis , *RESEARCH funding , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *DIETARY fats , *MICE - Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in the liver. Riboflavin, one of water soluble vitamins, plays a role in lipid metabolism and antioxidant function. However, the effects of riboflavin deficiency on NAFLD development have not yet to be fully explored. Methods: In the present study, an animal model of NAFLD was induced by high fat diet feeding in mice and a cellular model of NAFLD was developed in HepG2 cells by palmitic acid (PA) exposure. The effects of riboflavin deficiency on lipid metabolism and antioxidant function were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the possible role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was studied in HepG2 cells using gene silencing technique. Results: The results showed that riboflavin deficiency led to hepatic lipid accumulation in mice fed high fat diet. The expressions of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) were up-regulated, whereas that of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) down-regulated. Similar changes in response to riboflavin deficiency were demonstrated in HepG2 cells treated with PA. Factorial analysis revealed a significant interaction between riboflavin deficiency and high dietary fat or PA load in the development of NAFLD. Hepatic PPARγ expression was significantly upregulated in mice fed riboflavin deficient and high fat diet or in HepG2 cells treated with riboflavin deficiency and PA load. Knockdown of PPARγ gene resulted in a significant reduction of lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells exposed to riboflavin deficiency and PA load. Conclusions: There is a synergetic action between riboflavin deficiency and high dietary fat on the development of NAFLD, in which PPARγ may play an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Thiamin and riboflavin status with related enzyme activities in pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus in Shandong province of China.
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Ying Zheng, Zhicong Xu, Xinbin Chen, Wenjun Ma, Jing Cai, Aiguo Ma, Zheng, Ying, Xu, Zhicong, Chen, Xinbin, Ma, Wenjun, Cai, Jing, and Ma, Aiguo
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VITAMIN B2 , *CROSS-sectional method , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *TUBERCULOSIS , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *VITAMIN B1 , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Poor nutritional status is a common finding in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), thiamin (VB-1) and riboflavin (VB-2) are coenzymes important for the activation of many enzymes involved in improving nutritional status. We aimed to investigate enzymatic activities and the associations between VB-1 and VB-2, and their relations to nutritional status in TB and TB+T2DM patients.Methods and Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study that prospectively enrolled TB 40 patients with or without T2DM respectively from the Chest Hospital of Qingdao and 76 healthy controls with similar age and gender distributions were recruited from the medical center of the affiliated hospital of Qingdao Medical College. The erythrocyte transketolase activation coefficient (ETKac, for VB-1 deficiency), the glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac, for VB-2 deficiency), and metabolic enzyme activities were analyzed.Results: VB-1 and VB-2 deficiency rates were higher, and enzyme activities were lower in TB and TB+T2DM relative to control group. ETKac and EGRac were negatively correlated with enzyme activities, either with body mass index (BMI), while enzyme activities were positively associated with BMI.Conclusions: VB-1 and VB-2 concentrations were lower in TB patients with or without T2DM relative to controls, with concomitant reductions in the activity levels of key metabolic enzymes. Significant correlations were observed between VB-1 and VB-2 concentrations and the activity of these metabolic enzymes, they all correlated with nutrition status. VB-1 and VB-2 concentrations may thus impact metabolic enzyme activity and thereby influence nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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5. Effect of Micronutrients on Thyroid Parameters.
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Krishnamurthy, Hari Krishnan, Reddy, Swarnkumar, Jayaraman, Vasanth, Krishna, Karthik, Song, Qi, Rajasekaran, Karenah E., Wang, Tianhao, Bei, Kang, and Rajasekaran, John J.
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BLOOD serum analysis , *BIOMARKERS , *PATHOLOGICAL laboratories , *THYROID hormones , *FOLIC acid deficiency , *IRON , *ASPARAGINE , *ARGININE , *CHOLINE , *SERINE , *LEUCINE , *MICRONUTRIENTS , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *VITAMIN D deficiency , *CALCIUM , *COPPER , *ZINC , *TRIIODOTHYRONINE , *THYROID gland , *VITAMIN B12 deficiency , *VALINE , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Micronutrients are involved in various vital cellular metabolic processes including thyroid hormone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum levels of micronutrients and their effects on thyroid parameters. The correlation of serum levels of micronutrients and thyroid markers was studied in a group of 387 healthy individuals tested for thyroid markers (T4, T3, FT4, FT3, TSH, anti-TPO, RT3, and anti-Tg) and their micronutrient profile at Vibrant America Clinical Laboratory. The subjects were rationalized into three groups (deficient, normal, or excess levels of micronutrients), and the levels of their thyroid markers were compared. According to our results, deficiency of vitamin B2, B12, and B9 and Vit-D25[OH] (p < 0.05) significantly affected thyroid functioning. Other elemental micronutrients such as calcium, copper, choline, iron, and zinc (p < 0.05) have a significant correlation with serum levels of free T3. Amino acids asparagine (r = 0.1765, p < 0.001) and serine (r = 0.1186, p < 0.05) were found to have a strong positive correlation with TSH. Valine, leucine, and arginine (p < 0.05) also exhibited a significant positive correlation with serum levels of T4 and FT4. No other significant correlations were observed with other micronutrients. Our study suggests strong evidence for the association of the levels of micronutrients with thyroid markers with a special note on the effect of serum levels of certain amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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6. Riboflavin Transporter 1 Deficiency Caused by a Homozygous Single Exonal Deletion of SLC52A1.
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Kang, Urim, Yang, Da Hae, Nam, Sang Ook, Lee, Yun-jin, and Yeon, Gyu Min
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VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *DELETION mutation - Published
- 2020
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7. The Homozygous Hemoglobin EE Variant Is Associated with Poorer Riboflavin Status in Cambodian Women of Reproductive Age.
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Williams, Brock A, Cochrane, Kelsey M, Fischer, Jordie A J, Aljaadi, Abeer M, McAnena, Liadhan, Ward, Mary, McNulty, Helene, Kroeun, Hou, Green, Tim J, Whitfield, Kyly C, and Karakochuk, Crystal D
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HEMOGLOBIN polymorphisms , *FERRITIN , *VITAMIN B2 , *GLUTATHIONE reductase , *GENETIC disorders , *REGRESSION analysis , *LINEAR statistical models , *RESEARCH , *GENETICS , *HEMOGLOBINS , *RESEARCH methodology , *EVALUATION research , *MEDICAL cooperation , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DISEASE susceptibility , *RESEARCH funding , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *NUTRITIONAL status - Abstract
Background: Riboflavin is required for erythropoiesis, which is increased in people with hemoglobinopathies due to increased hemolysis and erythrocyte turnover. Dietary intake and status of riboflavin is poor in Cambodia, where hemoglobinopathies are common.Objective: We assessed the association between genetic hemoglobin disorders and riboflavin status in women of reproductive age in Cambodia.Methods: Venous blood samples from 515 Cambodian women of reproductive age, 18-45 y, were analyzed for biomarker status of riboflavin [erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac)], genetic hemoglobin (Hb) disorders, and hematological indices. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the association between EGRac with Hb, ferritin, and Hb genotypes. EGRac was log transformed in the analyses, and the regression coefficients represent the geometric mean differences.Results: Genetic Hb disorders were present in 57% of the population, with the homozygous hemoglobin E variant (Hb EE) occurring in ∼10% of women (n = 53). Deficient (EGRac ≥1.40) or marginal riboflavin status (EGRac ≥1.30 and <1.40) was observed in 92% (n = 475) of women. The variant Hb EE genotype was associated with 18% (95% CI: 9%, 28%) higher geometric mean EGRac values than the normal Hb AA genotype (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Although riboflavin biomarker deficiency or marginal status is widely prevalent in Cambodian women, lower riboflavin status was observed more frequently in women with the Hb EE genotype than in women with normal Hb AA. The relation between genetic Hb disorders and riboflavin warrants further investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01593423 and NCT02481375. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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8. Low riboflavin intake is associated with cardiometabolic risks in Korean women.
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Shin, Woo-Young and Kim, Jung-Ha
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HYPERTENSION epidemiology , *DIABETES , *SEX distribution , *SURVEYS , *VITAMIN B2 , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *COMORBIDITY , *CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is a leading global public health concern. Nutritional approaches are important for preventing and managing cardiometabolic risks, including metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine the potential association between riboflavin intake and cardiometabolic risks according to sex among Koreans.Methods and Study Design: We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2016, a nationwide cross-sectional survey that assesses the health and nutritional status of the Korean population. A total of 6,062 individuals aged ≥19 years were included. The nutrition survey was performed using 24-h dietary recall.Results: A significant association was observed between low riboflavin intake with only increased HDL-cholesterol (OR 1.362, 95% CI 1.017-1.824, p=0.038) among metabolic syndrome and its components in men, whereas insufficient riboflavin intake was positively associated with hypertension (OR 1.352, 95% CI 1.085-1.685, p=0.007), diabetes (OR 1.493, 95% CI 1.137-1.959, p=0.004) and metabolic syndrome (OR 1.289, 95% CI 1.014-1.640, p=0.038) in women after adjusting for the other covariates. For post-menopausal women, central obesity was also correlated with insufficient riboflavin intake (OR 1.315, 95% CI 1.019-1.696, p=0.035).Conclusions: Insufficient riboflavin intake may contribute to development of cardiometabolic disorder, particularly in women. It was also found that riboflavin may have different influences on its risks in women according to menopausal status. This study highlighted the importance of public policies targeted at these sex-specific groups for reducing cardiometabolic risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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9. Unrecognized riboflavin deficiency and evidence for cascading effects on vitamin B-6 status.
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Field, Martha S, Bailey, Regan L, and Stover, Patrick J
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BIOMARKERS ,VITAMIN B6 ,SERIAL publications ,GENETIC polymorphisms ,GENOTYPES ,VITAMIN B2 deficiency ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
The article comments on a study on riboflavin deficiency and vitamin B-6 status. It identifies strengths of the study including its use of erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation (EGRac), inclusion of data on dietary intake and riboflavin marker and determination of the effect of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism on riboflavin requirements. Also noted is the significance of the study to defining nutrient reference intake.
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- 2022
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10. Lessons of the month: Nitrous oxide-induced functional vitamin B12 deficiency causing subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord.
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Seed, Adam and Jogia, Meesha
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CONVALESCENCE , *EXTREMITIES (Anatomy) , *INTRAMUSCULAR injections , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *NITROUS oxide , *SPINAL cord diseases , *VITAMIN B12 , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *HOMOCYSTEINE , *SENSORY disorders , *PARESTHESIA , *EARLY medical intervention , *ACYCLIC acids , *EARLY diagnosis , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
We discuss the case of a 22-year-old man who presented with paraesthesia, reduced sensation and weakness in his limbs. Examination was in keeping with a myeloneuropathy. Initial investigations including vitamin B12 were unremarkable but magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord showed subacute combined degeneration. The patient reported heavy recreational use of nitrous oxide, which can cause functional deficiency of vitamin B12 with neurological sequelae. A diagnosis of functional vitamin B12 deficiency was made and confirmed by an elevated methylmalonic acid level. The patient received intramuscular hydroxocobalamin and made a good recovery following rehabilitation. Nitrous oxide use is prevalent and can have significant health effects. Many adverse effects are mediated through inactivation of vitamin B12 and can be detected by elevated homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels. Early identification and prompt treatment are important to support neurological recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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11. Riboflavin Depletion Promotes Tumorigenesis in HEK293T and NIH3T3 Cells by Sustaining Cell Proliferation and Regulating Cell Cycle-Related Gene Transcription.
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Long, Lin, He, Jian-Zhong, Chen, Ye, Xu, Xiu-E, Liao, Lian-Di, Xie, Yang-Min, Li, En-Min, and Xu, Li-Yan
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VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *CARCINOGENESIS , *CELL proliferation , *CELL cycle , *IMMUNOPRECIPITATION , *GENE expression , *GENE ontology - Abstract
Background: Riboflavin is an essential component of the human diet and its derivative cofactors play an established role in oxidative metabolism. Riboflavin deficiency has been linked with various human diseases.Objective: The objective of this study was to identify whether riboflavin depletion promotes tumorigenesis.Methods: HEK293T and NIH3T3 cells were cultured in riboflavin-deficient or riboflavin-sufficient medium and passaged every 48 h. Cells were collected every 5 generations and plate colony formation assays were performed to observe cell proliferation. Subcutaneous tumorigenicity assays in NU/NU mice were used to observe tumorigenicity of riboflavin-depleted HEK293T cells. Mechanistically, gene expression profiling and gene ontology analysis were used to identify abnormally expressed genes induced by riboflavin depletion. Western blot analyses, cell cycle analyses, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to validate the expression of cell cycle-related genes.Results: Plate colony formation of NIH3T3 and HEK293T cell lines was enhanced >2-fold when cultured in riboflavin-deficient medium for 10-20 generations. Moreover, we observed enhanced subcutaneous tumorigenicity in NU/NU mice following injection of riboflavin-depleted compared with normal HEK293T cells (55.6% compared with 0.0% tumor formation, respectively). Gene expression profiling and gene ontology analysis revealed that riboflavin depletion induced the expression of cell cycle-related genes. Validation experiments also found that riboflavin depletion decreased p21 and p27 protein levels by ∼20%, and increased cell cycle-related and expression-elevated protein in tumor (CREPT) protein expression >2-fold, resulting in cyclin D1 and CDK4 levels being increased ∼1.5-fold, and cell cycle acceleration. We also observed that riboflavin depletion decreased intracellular riboflavin levels by 20% and upregulated expression of riboflavin transporter genes, particularly SLC52A3, and that the changes in CREPT and SLC52A3 correlated with specific epigenetic changes in their promoters in riboflavin-depleted HEK293T cells.Conclusion: Riboflavin depletion contributes to HEK293T and NIH3T3 cell tumorigenesis and may be a risk factor for tumor development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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12. Effect of Anti-Riboflavin factor in the residues of the tomato paste industry on the Physiological and Biochemical traits of broilers.
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Rzuqi, Maha A.
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PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of vitamins ,VEGETABLE pastes ,CHICKENS ,VITAMIN B2 deficiency ,TOMATO seeds ,DIETARY supplements ,CAROTENOIDS ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
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- Published
- 2017
13. Contribution of riboflavin supply pathways to Vibrio cholerae in different environments.
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Flores, Andrés Fuentes, Cisternas, Ignacio Sepúlveda, de Ovando, José Ignacio Vásquez Solis, Torres, Alexia, and García-Angulo, Víctor Antonio
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VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *WATERBORNE infection , *CAENORHABDITIS elegans , *MUTANT proteins , *GENETIC mutation - Abstract
Background: The waterborne diarrheagenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae, cause of the pandemic cholera disease, thrives in a variety of environments ranging from estuarine waters to the human intestinal tract. This species has two ways to obtain the essential micronutrient riboflavin, de novo biosynthesis and environmental uptake through the RibN importer. The way these functions interrelate to fulfill riboflavin needs in different conditions in this species is unknown. Results: This study analyzed the contributions of riboflavin biosynthesis and transport to the culturability of Vibrio cholerae in river and seawater in vitro and in the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode host model. Elimination of the ribD riboflavin biosynthetic gene renders the bacteria riboflavin-auxotrophic, while a ribN mutant strain has no growth defect in minimal media. When growing in river water, deletion of ribD causes an impairment in culturability. In this condition, the ΔribN strain has a defect to compete against a wild type strain but outcompetes the ΔribD strain. The latter effect is inverted by the addition of riboflavin to the water. In contrast, growth in seawater causes a loss in culturability independent of riboflavin biosynthesis or transport. In the C. elegans model, only the ΔribD strain is attenuated. Conclusion: Results indicate that while riboflavin biosynthesis seems to outweigh riboflavin uptake, the latter may still provide a selective advantage to V. cholerae in some environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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14. Severe riboflavin deficiency induces alterations in the hepatic proteome of starter Pekin ducks.
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Jing Tang, Hegeman, Maria A., Jian Hu, Ming Xie, Wenbiao Shi, Yong Jiang, de Boer, Vincent, Yuming Guo, Shuisheng Hou, and Keijer, Jaap
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LIPID metabolism ,CHOLESTEROL ,DIETARY supplements ,ELECTRON transport ,FATTY acids ,LIVER ,POULTRY ,VITAMIN B2 deficiency ,PROTEOMICS ,SEVERITY of illness index ,WAIST circumference - Abstract
Suboptimal vitamin B
2 status is encountered globally. Riboflavin deficiency depresses growth and results in a fatty liver. The underlying mechanisms remain to be established and an overview of molecular alterations is lacking. We investigated hepatic proteome changes induced by riboflavin deficiency to explain its effects on growth and hepatic lipid metabolism. In all, 360 1-d-old Pekin ducks were divided into three groups of 120 birds each, with twelve replicates and ten birds per replicate. For 21 d, the ducks were fed ad libitum a control diet (CAL), a riboflavin-deficient diet (RD) or were pair-fed with the control diet to the mean daily intake of the RD group (CPF). When comparing RD with CAL and CPF, growth depression, liver enlargement, liver lipid accumulation and enhanced liver SFA (C6 : 0, C12 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0) were observed. In RD, thirty-two proteins were enhanced and thirty-one diminished (>1·5-fold) compared with CAL and CPF. Selected proteins were confirmed by Western blotting. The diminished proteins are mainly involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), whereas the enhanced proteins are mainly involved in TAG and cholesterol biosynthesis. RD causes liver lipid accumulation and growth depression probably by impairing fatty acid β-oxidation and ETC. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of liver lipid metabolic disorders due to RD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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15. Update on riboflavin and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.
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Naghashpour, Mahshid, Jafarirad, Sima, Amani, Reza, Sarkaki, Alireza, and Saedisomeolia, Ahmad
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VITAMIN B2 , *MULTIPLE sclerosis treatment , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *BRAIN-derived neurotrophic factor , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency - Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Riboflavin plays an important role in myelin formation, and its deficiency is implicated as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature concerning the health benefits of riboflavin on MS. The literature recorded within four main databases, including relevant clinical trials, experimental, and case-control studies from 1976 to 2017 were considered. Both human and animal studies were included for review, with no restrictions on age, gender, or ethnicity. Experimental studies demonstrated that riboflavin deficiency triggers neurologic abnormalities related to peripheral neuropathies such as demyelinating neuropathy. Moreover, randomized controlled trials (RCT) and case-control studies in which MS patients received riboflavin supplementation or had higher dietary riboflavin intake showed improvements in neurological motor disability. Riboflavin is a cofactor of xanthine oxidase and its deficiency exacerbates low uric acid caused by high copper levels, leading to myelin degeneration. The vitamin additionally plays a significant role in the normal functioning of glutathione reductase (GR) as an antioxidant enzyme, and conditions of riboflavin deficiency lead to oxidative damage. Riboflavin promotes the gene and protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the CNS of an animal model of MS, suggesting that BDNF mediates the beneficial effect of riboflavin on neurological motor disability. Research to date generally supports the role of riboflavin in MS outcomes. However, further observational and interventional studies on human populations are warranted to validate the effects of riboflavin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
16. Riboflavin Deficiency in Rats Decreases de novo Formate Production but Does Not Affect Plasma Formate Concentration.
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MacMillan, Luke, Lamarre, Simon G., daSilva, Robin P., Jacobs, René L., Brosnan, Margaret E., and Brosnan, John T.
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VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *LABORATORY rats , *THYMIDYLATE synthase , *FLAVOPROTEINS , *METABOLITE synthesis , *ANIMAL experimentation , *DIET , *FOOD , *ISOTOPES , *RATS , *RESEARCH funding , *ACYCLIC acids - Abstract
Background: The one-carbon metabolism pathway is highly dependent on a number of B vitamins in order to provide one-carbon units for purine and thymidylate biosynthesis as well as homocysteine remethylation. Previous studies have examined folate and vitamin B-12 deficiency and their effects on formate metabolism; as of yet, to our knowledge, no studies on the effects of riboflavin deficiency on formate metabolism have been published.Objective: Our objective was to determine the effects of riboflavin deficiency on formate metabolism.Methods: Weanling male rats were randomly assigned either to control, riboflavin-replete (RR) or to experimental, riboflavin-deficient (RD) versions of the AIN-93G diet for 13 d, at which time a constant infusion of [13C]-formate was carried out to ascertain the effects of deficiency on formate production. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to measure plasma formate concentration and [13C]-formate enrichment. HPLC, LC-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS, and enzymatic assays were used for the measurement of one-carbon precursors and other metabolites.Results: RD rats had significantly lower rates of formate production (15%) as well as significantly reduced hepatic methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity (69%) and protein concentration (54%) compared with RR rats. There was no difference in plasma formate concentrations between the groups. Plasma serine, a potential one-carbon precursor, was significantly higher in RD rats (467 ± 73 μM) than in RR rats (368 ± 52 μM).Conclusions: Although deficiencies in folate and vitamin B-12 lead to major changes in plasma formate concentrations, riboflavin deficiency results in no significant difference; this disagrees with the prediction of a published mathematical model. Our observation of a lower rate of formate production is consistent with a role for flavoproteins in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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17. Auditory neuropathy in Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome due to riboflavin transporter RFVT2 deficiency.
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Menezes, Manoj P, O'Brien, Katherine, Hill, Mandy, Webster, Richard, Antony, Jayne, Ouvrier, Robert, Birman, Catherine, and Gardner‐Berry, Kirsty
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NEUROPATHY , *NEUROLOGICAL disorders , *COCHLEAR implants , *SPEECH perception , *VITAMIN B2 , *DEAFNESS , *DIAGNOSIS , *AGE factors in disease , *AUDIOMETRY , *AUDITORY evoked response , *BRAIN stem , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *LONGITUDINAL method , *PROGRESSIVE bulbar palsy , *GENETIC mutation , *OTOACOUSTIC emissions , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *ACOUSTIC stimulation , *MEMBRANE transport proteins , *DISEASE complications , *VITAMIN therapy - Abstract
Aim: Mutations in the genes encoding the riboflavin transporters RFVT2 and RFVT3 have been identified in Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hearing loss and pontobulbar palsy. Treatment with riboflavin has been shown to benefit individuals with the phenotype of RFVT2 deficiency. Understanding the characteristics of hearing loss in riboflavin transporter deficiency would enable early diagnosis and therapy.Method: We performed hearing assessments in seven children (from four families) with RFVT2 deficiency and reviewed results from previous assessments. Assessments were repeated after 12 months and 24 months of riboflavin therapy and after cochlear implantation in one individual.Results: Hearing loss in these individuals was due to auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). Hearing loss was identified between 3 years and 8 years of age and progressed rapidly. Hearing aids were not beneficial. Riboflavin therapy resulted in improvement of hearing thresholds during the first year of treatment in those with recent-onset hearing loss. Cochlear implantation resulted in a significant improvement in speech perception in one individual.Interpretation: Riboflavin transporter deficiency should be considered in all children presenting with an auditory neuropathy. Speech perception in children with ANSD due to RFVT2 deficiency may be significantly improved by cochlear implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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18. Riboflavin status, MTHFR genotype and blood pressure: current evidence and implications for personalised nutrition.
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McAuley, E., McNulty, H., Hughes, C., Strain, J. J., and Ward, M.
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BIOLOGICAL models ,BLOOD pressure ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DIETARY supplements ,DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology ,FOLIC acid ,GENETIC polymorphisms ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,NUTRITIONAL requirements ,OXIDOREDUCTASES ,RESEARCH ,VITAMIN B2 ,VITAMIN B2 deficiency ,EVALUATION research ,NUTRITIONAL status ,GENOTYPES - Abstract
Clinical deficiency of the B-vitamin riboflavin (vitamin B2) is largely confined to developing countries; however accumulating evidence indicates that suboptimal riboflavin status is a widespread problem across the developed world. Few international data are available on riboflavin status as measured by the functional biomarker, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient, considered to be the gold standard index. One important role of riboflavin in the form of flavin dinucleotide is as a co-factor for the folate-metabolising enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Homozygosity for the common C677T polymorphism in MTHFR, affecting over 10 % of the UK and Irish populations and up to 32 % of other populations worldwide, has been associated with an increased risk of CVD, and more recently with hypertension. This review will explore available studies reporting riboflavin status worldwide, the interaction of riboflavin with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the potential role of riboflavin in personalised nutrition. Evidence is accumulating for a novel role of riboflavin as an important modulator of blood pressure (BP) specifically in individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype, with results from a number of recent randomised controlled trials demonstrating that riboflavin supplementation can significantly reduce systolic BP by 5–13 mmHg in these genetically at risk adults. Studies are however required to investigate the BP-lowering effect of riboflavin in different populations and in response to doses higher than 1·6 mg/d. Furthermore, work focusing on the translation of this research to health professionals and patients is also required. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
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19. Influence of concentration on the radiolytic decomposition of thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine in aqueous solution.
- Author
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Albarrán, Guadalupe, Mendoza, Edith, and Beltrán, Juan M.
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FOOD irradiation , *FOOD preservation , *FOOD industry security measures , *VITAMIN B1 deficiency , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency - Abstract
Vitamin loss during irradiation has been claimed as a critical area in food irradiation technology, especially that of thiamine (B1), which has been considered as the most sensitive to radiation. Although it has been suggested that no vitamin deficiency could result from consuming irradiated food, a long debate on the loss of vitamins and other nutrients during food irradiation has been maintained by the lack of experimental studies monitoring decomposition rates at different concentrations and doses. Since thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine are labile vitamins, this study has focused on their radiolytic decomposition in dilute aqueous solutions in the presence of air. The decomposition process was followed by HPLC and UV-spectroscopy. The results obtained in aqueous solutions showed a dependence of the decomposition as a nonlinear function of the dose. Of these three compounds, the decomposition was higher for thiamine than for riboflavin and even less in pyridoxine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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20. Transcriptional Regulation of the Albumin Gene Depends on the Removal of Histone Methylation Marks by the FAD-Dependent Monoamine Oxidase Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 in HepG2 Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells.
- Author
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Liu, Dandan and Zempleni, Janos
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VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *ALBUMINS , *DEMETHYLASE , *LIVER cancer , *CANCER cells , *GLUTATHIONE reductase - Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase (LSD) 1 is an FAD-dependent demethylase that catalyzes the removal of methyl groups from lysine-4 in histone H3, thereby mediating gene repression. Here we tested the hypothesis that riboflavin deficiency causes a loss of LSD1 activity in HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells, leading to an accumulation of lysine-4-dimethylated histone H3 (H3K4me2) marks in the albumin promoter and aberrant upregulation of albumin expression. Cells were cultured in riboflavin- defined media providing riboflavin at concentrations representing moderately deficient (3.1 nmol/L), sufficient (12.6 nmol/L), and supplemented (301 nmol/L) cells in humans for 7 d. The efficacy of treatment was confirmed by assessing glutathione reductase activity and concentrations of reduced glutathione as markers of riboflavin status. LSD activity was 21 % greater in riboflavin-supplemented cells compared with riboflavin-deficient and -sufficient cells. The loss of LSD activity was associated with a gain in the abundance of H3K4me2 marks in the albumin promoter; the abundance of H3K4me2 marks was ~170% higher in riboflavin-deficient cells compared with sufficient and supplemented cells. The abundance of the repression mark, K9-trimethylated histone H3, was 38% lower in the albumin promoter of riboflavin-deficient cells compared with the other treatment groups. The expression of albumin mRNA was aberrantly increased by 200% in riboflavin-deficient cells compared with sufficient and supplemented cells. In conclusion, riboflavin deficiency impairs gene regulation by epigenetic mechanisms, mediated by a loss of LSD1 activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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21. Association of the Plasma and Tissue Riboflavin Levels with C20orf54 Expression in Cervical Lesions and Its Relationship to HPV16 Infection.
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Aili, Aixingzi, Hasim, Ayshamgul, Kelimu, Alimujiang, Guo, Xia, Mamtimin, Batur, Abudula, Abuliz, and Upur, Halmurat
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VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *BLOOD plasma , *GENE expression , *PAPILLOMAVIRUS diseases , *PAPILLOMAVIRUSES , *ETIOLOGY of diseases , *CANCER risk factors - Abstract
Riboflavin deficiency can cause a variety of metabolic problems that lead to skin and mucosal disorders. Limited evidence suggests that high intake of riboflavin may reduce overall risks of cancer. However, association of this deficiency with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions are still not definitively known. In this study, we characterized the relationship between plasma and tissue riboflavin levels and C20orf54 protein expression in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) as well as the relationship of these levels with human papillomavirus virus 16, 18 (HPV16/18) infections. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure blood riboflavin levels in patients with CIN and CSCC, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine tissue riboflavin levels in patients with CSCC and matched normal mucous epithelia. The expression of C20orf54 in fresh CSCC and matched tissues were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. And it was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded CIN and CSCC. An HPV genotyping chip was used to analyze HPV infection and typing. The results showed that patients with CIN and CSCC had decreased plasma riboflavin levels as compared with normal controls. There was also significantly decreased riboflavin in tissues from CSCC patients, when compared with normal cervical epithelia. C20orf54 expression were significantly up-regulated in CSCC compared to matched control on both mRNA and protein level. Tissue riboflavin levels were significantly lower in HPV16/18 positive tissue compared with HPV16/18-negative tissue, and an inverse association was found between tissue riboflavin levels and C20orf54 mRNA and protein expression in CSCC. Additionally, C20orf54 was significantly correlated with tumor stages. In conclusion, C20orf54 tend to play a protective role in Uyghur cervical carcinogenesis of which modulating riboflavin absorption, and it is also related with HPV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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22. Suspected Outbreak of Riboflavin Deficiency among Populations Reliant on Food Assistance: A Case Study of Drought-Stricken Karamoja, Uganda, 2009–2010
- Author
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Nichols, Erin K., Talley, Leisel E., Birungi, Nelly, McClelland, Amanda, Madraa, Elizabeth, Chandia, Agnes B., Nivet, Jacqueline, Flores-Ayala, Rafael, and Serdula, Mary K.
- Subjects
- *
VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *FOOD relief , *FOOD security , *STOMATITIS , *MICRONUTRIENTS , *CASE studies - Abstract
Background: In 2009, a humanitarian response was launched to address a food security and livelihoods crisis in Karamoja, Uganda. During a polio immunization campaign in mid-August 2009, health workers in Nakapiripit District reported a concern about an increase in mouth sores, or angular stomatitis (AS) and gum ulcerations, among children in one village, and an investigation was launched. Objective: This article describes the investigation, lessons learned, and provides guidance for monitoring micronutrient deficiencies among populations receiving food assistance. Design: An investigation into a suspected outbreak of riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency was initiated, including a rapid assessment, mass screening, a convenience sample collection of blood specimens (n = 58 symptomatic cases and n = 18 asymptomatic individuals), and analysis of the general food ration (70% ration). Results: Findings showed signs of AS in only 399 (0.2%) of 179,172 screened individuals, including adults and children. Biochemical analysis confirmed riboflavin deficiency in 84.5% of specimens from symptomatic individuals and 94.4% of specimens from asymptomatic individuals. Ration distribution data showed that 55% of distributions provided less than half the riboflavin RDA. Conclusion: Evidence was insufficient to confirm an actual outbreak of riboflavin deficiency, though the present investigation adds further documentation that micronutrient deficiencies continue to persist among populations in emergency settings. This article describes challenges, lessons learned, and guidance for monitoring micronutrient deficiencies among food assistance recipients, including: ongoing nutrition monitoring and surveillance; training and sensitization about micronutrient deficiencies, sensitization of the population about locally-available food, and identifying ways to improve micronutrient interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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23. Correcting a marginal riboflavin deficiency improves hematologic status in young women in the United Kingdom (RIBOFEM).
- Author
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Powers, Hilary J., Hill, Marilyn H., Mushtaq, Sohail, Dainty, Jack R., Majsak-Newman, Gosia, and Williams, Elizabeth A.
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VITAMIN B2 deficiency ,FLAVINS ,VITAMIN B complex ,HEMATOLOGY ,YOUNG women ,HEALTH - Abstract
Background: Moderate riboflavin deficiency is prevalent in certain population groups in affluent countries, but the functional significance of this deficiency is not clear. Studies have indicated a role for riboflavin in the absorption and use of iron. Objective: We investigated the effect of riboflavin supplementation on hematologic status in a group of moderately riboflavin-deficient women aged 19-25 y in the United Kingdom. Design: One hundred twenty-three women with biochemical evidence of riboflavin deficiency [erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRAC) >1.40] were randomly assigned to receive 2 or 4 mg riboflavin or a placebo for 8 wk. Measurements of hematologic status were made pre- and postsupplementation, and dietary intakes were also assessed; iron absorption was measured in a subgroup of women. Results: One hundred nineteen women completed the intervention. The use of a riboflavin supplement for 8 wk elicited a significant improvement in riboflavin status with a dose response (P < 0.0001). For women who received supplemental riboflavin, an increase in hemoglobin status correlated with improved riboflavin status (P < 0.02). Women in the lowest tertile of riboflavin status at baseline (EGRAC >1.65) showed a significantly greater increase in hemoglobin status in response to the supplement than did women in the first and second tertiles (P < 0.01). Dietary iron intake and iron absorption did not change during the study. Conclusions: Moderately poor riboflavin status can affect iron status: the lower the riboflavin status, the greater the hematologic benefits of improving status. The results also suggest that consideration should be given to raising the currently accepted EGRAC threshold for deficiency. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35811298. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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24. Low dietary choline and low dietary riboflavin during pregnancy influence reproductive outcomes and heart development in mice.
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CHOLINE ,VITAMIN B2 deficiency ,EMBRYOLOGY ,LABORATORY mice ,HEART failure - Abstract
The article presents a study which aims to identify whether dietary deficiencies of choline and riboflavin in pregnant mice affect embryonic development. It mentions the collection of embryos of 14.5 d postcoitum and the examination for reproductive outcomes and cardiac defects. It concludes that low dietary choline and riboflavin affect cardiac development and embryonic growth in mice.
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- 2010
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25. MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES IN FOOD AID BENEFICIARIES: A REVIEW OF SEVEN AFRICAN COUNTRIES.
- Author
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Drorbaugh, Natalie and Neumann, C. G.
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- *
MICRONUTRIENTS , *AFRICANS , *FOOD relief , *ENRICHED foods , *VITAMIN A deficiency , *IRON deficiency diseases , *ZINC deficiency diseases , *FOLIC acid deficiency , *VITAMIN B deficiency , *VITAMIN B1 deficiency , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *CALCIUM - Abstract
In order to identify micronutrients likely to be deficient in food aid beneficiary populations and to guide the formulation of food aid products, this review was undertaken to summarize published data about micronutrient deficiencies in food aid beneficiaries as compared to the general population in seven African countries (Niger, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe). These countries were identified by SUSTAIN as having received significant quantities of United States Public Law 480 (P.L. 480) Title II fortified and blended food aid products from 2001-2006. Information was drawn from agency reports, personal communications, national survey data, and academic literature, primarily published since the year 2000. Among food aid beneficiaries in these countries, vitamin A and iron deficiencies were most prevalent. Deficiencies in zinc, folate (particularly in pregnancy), vitamins B-12, C, and D, thiamine, riboflavin, and calcium are likely prevalent based on low intake and physical signs of deficiency documented in the literature. In some cases, food aid rations provide insufficient quantity and quality of micronutrients, especially when used over extended periods of time as the sole food source. In nearly all the countries reviewed, deficiencies in vitamin A, iron, iodine, and other micronutrients are also quite common in the general population (those not receiving food aid). Micronutrient status information for food aid beneficiaries came mainly from studies in refugee/emergency settings, with few published studies found documenting the nutritional status of non-emergency food aid recipients. Useful insights were obtained by the review although limited micronutrient data were available for food aid beneficiaries. The micronutrient status of food aid beneficiaries should be monitored, with food aid products formulated to match the deficiencies present. Where possible, the use of anthropometry, simplified dietary assessment methods, and physical inspection are recommended to estimate micronutrient status where biochemical tests are not feasible. Agencies that currently monitor the nutritional status of food aid recipients are urged to make reports available to researchers, relief agencies, and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
26. Role of Flavinylation in a Mild Variant of Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenation Deficiency: A MOLECULAR RATIONALE FOR THE EFFECTS OF RIBOFLAVIN SUPPLEMENTATION.
- Author
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Henriques, Barbara J., Rodrigues, João V., Olsen, Rikke K., Bross, Peter, and Gomes, Cláudio M.
- Subjects
- *
DEHYDROGENATION , *ELIMINATION reactions , *VITAMIN B2 , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *GENETIC disorders , *GENETIC mutation , *AMINO acids - Abstract
Mutations in the genes encoding the a-subunit and β-subunit of the mitochondrial electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) and the electron transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF:QO) cause multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (MADD), a disorder of fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Point mutations in ETF, which may compromise folding, and/or activity, are associated with both mild and severe forms of MADD. Here we report the investigation on the conformational and stability properties of the disease-causing variant ETFβ- D128N, and our findings on the effect of flavinylation in modulating protein conformational stability and activity. A combination of biochemical and biophysical methods including circular dichroism, visible absorption, flavin, and tryptophan fluorescence emission allowed the analysis of structural changes and of the FAD moiety. The ETFβ-D128N variant retains the overall fold of the wild type, but under stress conditions its flavin becomes less tightly bound. Flavinylation is shown to improve the conformational stability and biological activity of a destabilized D128N variant protein. Moreover, the presence of flavin prevented proteolytic digestion by avoiding protein destabilization. A patient homozygous for the ETFβ-D128N mutation developed severe disease symptoms in association with a viral infection and fever. In agreement, our results suggest that heat inactivation of the mutant may be more relevant at temperatures above 37 °C. To mimic a situation of fever in vitro, the flavinylation status was tested at 39 °C. FAD exerts the effect of a pharmacological chaperone, improving ETF conformation, and yielding a more stable and active enzyme. Our results provide a structural and functional framework that could help to elucidate the role that an increased cellular FAD content obtained from riboflavin supplementation may play in the molecular pathogenesis of not only MADD, but genetic disorders of flavoproteins in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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27. Study Protocol: Randomised controlled trial to investigate the functional significance of marginal riboflavin status in young women in the UK (RIBOFEM).
- Author
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Hill, Marilyn H. E., Mushtaq, Sohail, Williams, Elizabeth A., Dainty, Jack R., and Powers, Hilary J.
- Subjects
- *
VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *IRON in the body , *METABOLISM - Abstract
Background: The functional significance of moderate riboflavin deficiency as it is currently assessed is not well understood. Animal and human studies have suggested a role for riboflavin in the absorption and mobilisation of iron and as such may be important in maintaining haematological status. Recent National Diet and Nutrition Surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that young women in particular are at risk of moderate riboflavin deficiency and low iron status. Methods/Design: A randomised placebo controlled intervention trial was conducted to investigate the effect of riboflavin supplementation on various measures of haematological status in a group of moderately riboflavin deficient young women aged 19 to 25 years. Women who were low milk consumers were initially screened for riboflavin status as assessed by the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient assay (EGRAC). One hundred and twenty three women with EGRAC values >1.40 were randomised to receive 2 mg, 4 mg riboflavin or placebo for 8 weeks. In addition 36 of these women were randomly allocated to an iron bioavailability study to investigate the effect of the intervention on the absorption or utilisation of iron using an established red cell incorporation technique. Discussion: One hundred and nineteen women completed the intervention study, of whom 36 completed the bioavailability arm. Compliance was 96 ± 6% (mean ± SD). The most effective recruitment strategy for this gender and age group was e-communication (e-mail and website). The results of this study will clarify the functional significance of the current biochemical deficiency threshold for riboflavin status and will inform a re-evaluation of this biochemical threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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28. Selective Vulnerability of Peripheral Nerves in Avian Riboflavin Deficiency Demyelinating Polyneuropathy.
- Author
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CAI, Z., BLUMBERGS, P. C., FINNIE, J. W., MANAVIS, J., and THOMPSON, P. D.
- Subjects
VITAMIN B2 deficiency ,CHICKEN diseases ,POLYNEUROPATHIES ,DEMYELINATION ,MYELIN sheath diseases ,VITAMIN B2 ,VITAMIN deficiency ,PERIPHERAL neuropathy ,MYELINATION - Abstract
The article investigates whether riboflavin (Vitamin B2) deficiency in young chickens produces a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Day-old broiler meat chickens were fed a riboflavin-deficient diet and killed on posthatch days 6, 11, 16, 21, and 31. Control chickens were given a usual diet containing 5.0 mg/kg riboflavin. Pathologic alterations were detected in sciatic, cervical, and lumbar spinal nerves of riboflavin-deficient chickens from day 11 onwards, characterized by endoneurial edema, hypertrophic Schwann cells and demyelination/remyelination. By contrast, ventral and dorsal spine nerve roots, distal intramuscular nerves, and subcutaneous nerves were normal at all time points investigated.
- Published
- 2009
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29. Relationships among production systems, preschool nutritional status, and pesticide-related toxicity in seven ecuadorian communities: a multi-case study approach.
- Author
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Orozco, Fadya, Cole, Donald C., Muñoz, Verónica, Altamirano, Ana, Wanigaratne, Susitha, Espinosa, Patricio, Muñoz, Fabian, Muñoz, Verónica, and Muñoz, Fabian
- Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of pesticides ,POTATO growers ,CHILD nutrition ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,AGRICULTURE ,FOOD supply statistics ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH status indicators ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PESTICIDES ,POTATOES ,DIETARY proteins ,RESEARCH ,RURAL health ,SURVEYS ,VITAMIN B1 deficiency ,VITAMIN B2 deficiency ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EVALUATION research ,CROSS-sectional method ,NUTRITIONAL status - Abstract
Background: Among small Andean potato farmers, greater pesticide use and better linkage to markets are promoted as ways to improve farm outputs and incomes. The health of household members is assumed to improve with higher incomes, although evidence to support such an assumption remains scarce.Objective: Using a multidisciplinary approach, we sought to characterize agricultural systems producing potatoes and to assess relationships between these characteristics and farm household health indicators.Methods: We included seven communities linked to a regional agricultural potato production platform (socioorganizational "space" for potato commercialization) in Chimborazo, Ecuador. The unit of analysis was the community, each of which was classified according to its level of intensity of potato production as more intensive, intermediate, or less intensive. Data on crop management, household food intake, child anthropometry, and impacts of pesticide use on adult health were collected by survey.Results: The net income from potato production was similar in communities with more intensive and intermediate production systems and lower in those with less intensive systems. However, deficits in protein intake were more common among children in communities with more intensive systems (63%) than among those in communities with intermediate (53%) and less intensive (37%) systems. Deficits in thiamin and riboflavin intake were more prevalent in communities with more and less intensive systems than in those with intermediate systems. In contrast, the prevalence of moderate chronic malnutrition, as measured by height-for-age, was greater among children in communities with less intensive systems (27%) than among those in communities with intermediate (5%) and more intensive (7%) systems. Across all intensities, frequent use of highly hazardous pesticides was associated with adverse health effects.Conclusions: Agricultural development programs need to work more cross-sectorally to realize the potential health benefits associated with intensification of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2007
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30. Quantification of the bioavailability of riboflavin from foods by use of stable-isotope labels and kinetic modeling.
- Subjects
VITAMIN B2 ,BIOAVAILABILITY ,STABLE isotope analysis ,VITAMIN B2 deficiency ,DISEASE prevalence ,SPINACH - Abstract
The article presents a study which investigates the use of stable-isotope labels and kinetic modeling in the quantification of bioavailability of riboflavin from foods. Topics discussed include discrepancies in the estimates of the prevalence of riboflavin deficiency in Great Britain based on riboflavin consumption, result of urinary monitoring which suggest that riboflavin from spinach is bioavailable as in riboflavin in milk, and absorbed riboflavin in plasma and urine.
- Published
- 2007
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31. Supplementation with iron and riboflavin enhances dark adaptation response to vitamin A-fortified rice in iron-deficient, pregnant, nightblind Nepali women.
- Subjects
DIETARY supplements ,VITAMIN B2 ,IRON supplements ,VITAMIN B2 deficiency ,MATERNAL health ,WOMEN ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
The article presents a study which examines the effect of supplemental riboflavin and iron on plasma retinol and pupillary threshold (PT) in nightblind, pregnant Nepali women taking vitamin A-fortified rice. Authors of the study measured erythrocyte riboflavin, hemoglobin, plasma ferritin and retinol before and after the intervention. Results showed that the deficiency in iron might limit the efficacy of vitamin A to normalize dark adaptation in pregnant Nepali women.
- Published
- 2007
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32. Ingestion of Milk Fermented by Genetically Modified Lactococcus lactis Improves the Riboflavin Status of Deficient Rats.
- Author
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LeBlanc, J. G., Burgess, C., Sesma, F., De Giori, G. Savoy, and Van Sinderen, D.
- Subjects
- *
DAIRY products , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *FERMENTED milk , *YOGURT , *CHEESE , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *LACTOCOCCUS lactis , *LACTIC acid bacteria , *GENETICALLY modified foods ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Riboflavin deficiency is common in many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries. The use of riboflavin-producing strains in the production of dairy products such as fermented milks, yogurts, and cheeses is feasible and economically attractive because it would decrease the costs involved during conventional vitamin fortification and satisfy consumer demands for healthier foods. The present study was conducted to assess in a rat bioassay the response of administration of milk fermented by modified Lactococcus lactis on the riboflavin status of deficient rats. Rats were fed a riboflavin-deficient diet during 21 d after which this same diet was supplemented with milk fermented by Lactoccus lactis pNZGBAH, a strain that overproduces riboflavin during fermentation. The novel fermented product, with increased levels of riboflavin, was able to eliminate most physiological manifestations of aribo-flavinosis, such as stunted growth, elevated erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient values and hepatomegaly, that were observed using a riboflavin depletion-repletion model, whereas a product fermented with a nonriboflavin-producing strain did not show similar results. A safety assessment of this modified strain was performed by feeding rodents with the modified strain daily for 4 wk. This strain caused no detectable secondary effects. These results pave the way for analyzing the effect of similar riboflavin-overproducing lactic acid bacteria in human trials. The regular consumption of products with increased levels of riboflavin could help prevent deficiencies of this essential vitamin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Prevalence of thiamin and riboflavin deficiency among the elderly in Taiwan.
- Author
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Feili Lo Yang, Pei-Chun Liao, Yung-Ying Chen, Jui-Line Wang, and Ning-Sing Shaw
- Subjects
- *
GERIATRIC nutrition , *VITAMIN B1 deficiency , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *HEALTH of older people , *HEALTH surveys - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform biochemical assessments of the nutritional status of thiamin and riboflavin in the 2379 elderly persons (1213 males, 1166 females) participating in the Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (1999-2000) (Elderly NAHSIT). Through analysis of the data we aimed to investigate possible factors related to the prevalence of vitamin deficiency. Activity coefficients of erythrocyte transketolase and glutathione reductase (ETKAC and EGRAC) were the chosen biochemical indicators for thiamin and riboflavin status. The results showed that 14.7% of men and 11.9% of women were marginally thiamin deficient, and 16.5% of men and 14% of women were thiamin deficient. The prevalence rates of marginal riboflavin deficiency were 25.7% for males and 20.1% for females, and the deficiency rates were 6.6% for elderly males and 4.1% for elderly females. Although the average dietary thiamin and riboflavin intakes reached 146% - 164% of Taiwan RDAs, the percentage of senior citizens whose thiamin or riboflavin dietary intakes were less than EARs (equivalent to 83.3% of RDAs) was around 30% for males and 40% for females. Some contributing factors to the significant prevalence of thiamin and riboflavin deficiencies are discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
34. Riboflavin Deficiency Impairs Oxidative Folding and Secretion of Apolipoprotein B-100 in HepG2 Cells, Triggering Stress Response Systems.
- Author
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Manthey, Karoline C., Yap Ching Chew, and Zempleni, Janos
- Subjects
- *
VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *VITAMIN B2 , *VITAMIN deficiency , *APOLIPOPROTEIN B , *APOLIPOPROTEINS , *ENDOPLASMIC reticulum , *ORGANELLES - Abstract
Secretory proteins such as apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) undergo oxidative folding (formation of disulfide bonds) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before secretion. Oxidative folding depends on flavoproteins in eukaryotes. Here, human liver (HepG2) cells were used to model effects of riboflavin concentrations in culture media on folding and secretion of apoB. Cells were cultured in media containing 3.1, 12.6, and 300 nmol/L of riboflavin, representing moderately deficient, physiological, and pharmacological plasma concentrations in humans, respectively. When cells were cultured in riboflavin-deficient medium, secretion of apoB decreased by >80% compared with controls cultured in physiological medium. The nuclear translocation of the transcription factor ATF-6 increased by >180% in riboflavin-deficient cells compared with physiological controls; this is consistent with ER stress. Nuclear translocation of ATF-6 was associated with activation of the unfolded protein response. Expression of stress-response genes coding for ubiquitin-activating enzyme 1, growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene, and glucose regulated protein of 78 kDa was greater in riboflavin-deficient cells compared with other treatment groups. Finally, phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eukaryotic initiation factor 2α) increased in riboflavin-deficient cells, consistent with decreased translational activity. We conclude 1) that riboflavin deficiency causes ER stress and activation of unfolded protein response in HepG2 cells, and 2) that riboflavin deficiency decreases protein secretion in HepG2 cells. Decreased secretion of apoB in riboflavin-deficient cells might interfere with lipid homeostasis in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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- View/download PDF
35. Low-dose vitamin B-6 effectively lowers fasting plasma homocysteine in healthy elderly persons who are folate and riboflavin replete.
- Author
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McKinley, Michelle C., McNulty, Helene, McPartlin, Joseph, Strain, J. J., Pentieva, Kristina, Ward, Mary, Weir, Donald G., and Scott, John M.
- Subjects
FASTING ,OLDER people ,FOLIC acid deficiency ,VITAMIN B2 deficiency ,HOMOCYSTEINE ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Current data suggest that physiologic doses of vitamin B-6 have no significant homocysteine-lowering effect. It is possible that an effect of vitamin B-6 was missed in previous trials because of a much greater effect of folic acid, vitamin B-12, or both. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-dose vitamin B-6 supplementation on fasting total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in healthy elderly persons who were made replete with folate and riboflavin. Design: Twenty-two healthy elderly persons aged 63-80 y were supplemented with a low dose of vitamin B-6 (1.6 mg/d) for 12 wk in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial after repletion with folic acid (400 g/d for 6 wk) and riboflavin (1.6 mg/d for 18 wk); none of the subjects had a vitamin B-12 deficiency. Results: Folic acid supplementation lowered fasting tHcy by 19.6% (P < 0.001). After folic acid supplementation, baseline tHcy concentrations ranged from 6.22 to 23.52µ mol/L and 10 subjects had suboptimal vitamin B-6 status (plasma pyridoxal - P < 20 nmol/L). Two-way analysis of variance showed that the significant improvement in vitamin B-6 status in response to vitamin B-6 supplementation (on the basis of both pyridoxal-P and the erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activation coefficient) was reflected in a significant reduction in plasma tHcy of 7.5%. Conclusions: Low-dose vitamin B-6 effectively lowers fasting plasma tHcy in healthy subjects who are both folate and riboflavin replete. This suggests that any program aimed at the treatment or prevention of hyperhomocysteinemia should include vitamin B-6 supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
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36. Lact-ovo nutrition and vitamin B12
- Author
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Gabrijelčič, Gregor and Poklar Vatovec, Tamara
- Subjects
zaključne projektne naloge ,final project assignment ,alternativna prehrana ,prehranjevanje ,nutrition ,vegetarian diet ,udc:615.356 ,pomanjkanje vitamina B12 ,vitamin B12 ,vitamin B2 deficiency ,alternative diets ,vegetarijanska prehrana - Published
- 2019
37. Riboflavin and vitamin B-6 intakes and status and biochemical response to riboflavin...
- Author
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Madigan, Sharon M. and Tracey, Fergal
- Subjects
VITAMIN B2 deficiency ,VITAMIN B6 deficiency ,HEALTH of older people - Abstract
Assesses vitamin B-6 and riboflavin intake and status in healthy, elderly in Northern Ireland. Percent of individuals who showed abnormal riboflavin and vitamin B-6 coefficients; Ability of low dose riboflavin supplementation to correct biochemical abnormalities.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on development of the cerebral cortex in Slc52a3 knockout mice.
- Author
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Jin, Congyun, Yonezawa, Atsushi, Yoshimatsu, Hiroki, Imai, Satoshi, Koyanagi, Madoka, Yamanishi, Kaori, Nakagawa, Shunsaku, Itohara, Kotaro, Omura, Tomohiro, Nakagawa, Takayuki, Nagai, Junya, and Matsubara, Kazuo
- Subjects
- *
VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *CEREBRAL cortex development , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of vitamins , *KNOCKOUT mice , *ANIMAL models in research , *NEURAL development , *CELL proliferation - Abstract
Riboflavin transporter 3 (RFVT3), encoded by the SLC52A3 gene, is important for riboflavin homeostasis in the small intestine, kidney, and placenta. Our previous study demonstrated that Slc52a3 knockout (Slc52a3−/−) mice exhibited neonatal lethality and metabolic disorder due to riboflavin deficiency. Here, we investigated the influence of Slc52a3 gene disruption on brain development using Slc52a3−/− embryos. Slc52a3−/− mice at postnatal day 0 showed hypoplasia of the brain and reduced thickness of cortical layers. At embryonic day 13.5, the formation of Tuj1+ neurons and Tbr2+ intermediate neural progenitors was significantly decreased; no significant difference was observed in the total number and proliferative rate of Pax6+ radial glia. Importantly, the hypoplastic phenotype was rescued upon riboflavin supplementation. Thus, it can be concluded that RFVT3 contributes to riboflavin homeostasis in embryos and that riboflavin itself is required during embryonic development of the cerebral cortex in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Maternal diet deficient in riboflavin induces embryonic death associated with alterations in the hepatic proteome of duck embryos.
- Author
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Tang, Jing, Hu, Jian, Xue, Ming, Guo, Zhanbao, Xie, Ming, Zhang, Bo, Zhou, Zhengkui, Huang, Wei, and Hou, Shuisheng
- Subjects
- *
PROTEIN metabolism , *ANIMAL experimentation , *ELECTRON transport , *FATTY acids , *LIVER , *MOLECULAR biology , *MOTHERS , *NUTRITIONAL requirements , *POULTRY , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *PROTEOMICS , *EMBRYOS , *TRICARBOXYLIC acids , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background: Maternal riboflavin deficiency (RD) induces embryonic death in poultry. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain to be established and an overview of molecular alterations at the protein level is still lacking. We investigated embryonic hepatic proteome changes induced by maternal RD to explain embryonic death. Methods: A total of 80 45-week-old breeding female ducks were divided into two groups of 40 birds each, and all birds were raised individually for 8 weeks. All the female ducks received either a RD or a riboflavin adequate (control, CON) diet, which supplemented the basal diet with 0 or 10 mg riboflavin /kg of diet respectively. Results: The riboflavin concentrations of maternal plasma and egg yolk, as well as egg hatchability declined markedly in the RD group compared to those in the CON group after 2 weeks, and declined further over time. The hepatic proteome of E13 viable embryos from 8-week fertile eggs showed that 223 proteins were upregulated and 366 proteins were downregulated (> 1.5-fold change) in the RD group compared to those in the CON group. Pathway analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in the fatty acid beta-oxidation, electron transport chain (ETC), and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Specifically, all the proteins involved in the fatty acid beta-oxidation and ETC, as well as six out of seven proteins involved in the TCA cycle, were diminished in the RD group, indicating that these processes could be impaired by RD. Conclusion: Maternal RD leads to embryonic death of offspring and is associated with impaired energy generation processes, indicated by a number of downregulated proteins involved in the fatty acid beta-oxidation, ETC, and TCA cycle in the hepatic of duck embryos. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of liver metabolic disorders due to maternal RD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Transcriptional profiling of liver in riboflavin-deficient chicken embryos explains impaired lipid utilization, energy depletion, massive hemorrhaging, and delayed feathering.
- Author
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Cogburn, Larry A., Smarsh, Danielle N., Wang, Xiaofei, Trakooljul, Nares, Carré, Wilfrid, and White, Harold B.
- Subjects
- *
LEGHORN chicken , *VITAMIN B2 deficiency , *CHICKEN embryos , *BIOACCUMULATION , *HYPOGLYCEMIA - Abstract
Background: A strain of Leghorn chickens (
rd/rd ), unable to produce a functional riboflavin-binding protein, lays riboflavin-deficient eggs, in which all embryos suddenly die at mid-incubation (days 13-15). This malady, caused by riboflavin deficiency, leads to excessive lipid accumulation in liver, impaired β-oxidation of lipid, and severe hypoglycemia prior to death. We have used high-density chicken microarrays for time-course transcriptional scans of liver in chicken embryos between days 9-15 during this riboflavin-deficiency-induced metabolic catastrophe. For comparison, half ofrd/rd embryos (n = 16) were rescued from this calamity by injection of riboflavin just prior to incubation of fertile eggs fromrd/rd hens. Results: No significant differences were found between hepatic transcriptomes of riboflavin-deficient and riboflavin-rescued embryos at the first two ages (days 9 and 11). Overall, we found a 3.2-fold increase in the number of differentially expressed hepatic genes between day 13 (231 genes) and day 15 (734 genes). Higher expression of genes encoding the chicken flavoproteome was more evident in rescued- (15 genes) than in deficient-embryos (4 genes) at day 15. Diminished activity of flavin-dependent enzymes in riboflavin-deficient embryos blocks catabolism of yolk lipids, which normally serves as the predominant source of energy required for embryonic development. Conclusions: Riboflavin deficiency in mid-stage embryos leads to reduced expression of numerous genes controlling critical functions, including β-oxidation of lipids, blood coagulation and feathering. Surprisingly, reduced expression offeather keratin 1 was found in liver of riboflavin-deficient embryos at e15, which could be related to their delayed feathering and sparse clubbed down. A large number of genes are expressed at higher levels in liver of riboflavin-deficient embryos; these up-regulated genes control lipid storage/transport, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, protein catabolism/ubiquitination and cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Evidence of an interrelationship between thiamin and riboflavin, and the role they play in maintaining the integrity of the visual path.
- Author
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RODGER FC
- Subjects
- Humans, Ocular Physiological Phenomena, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B Deficiency
- Published
- 1952
42. Nutritional dystrophy with or without macrocytic anemia; studies on the nutrition of children in Hirosaki area.
- Author
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ARAKAWA T, WADA S, and TAKAHASHI F
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Anemia, Anemia, Macrocytic, Nutritional Status, Riboflavin, Scurvy complications, Vitamin B Deficiency
- Published
- 1951
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Endemic occurrence of ariboflavinosis and pellagra; clinical observations of so-called Shibi or Gatchaki in Tsugaru district.
- Author
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MASUDA K and AOYAMA J
- Subjects
- Pellagra, Riboflavin, Vitamin B Deficiency
- Published
- 1951
44. Riboflavin.
- Author
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Weinberg, Deena, MSW
- Subjects
Flavins ,Vitamin B2 ,Vitamin B2 deficiency - Abstract
Riboflavin is a type of B vitamin naturally produced by the body. It is commonly known as vitamin B2. Working with other B vitamins, it is important for cell growth and repair, normal reproduction, tissue health, and metabolism. Like iron, riboflavin is vital for producing red blood cells and for the transportation of oxygen throughout the body. It bolsters the immune system and helps maintain healthy skin and hair. Along with other B vitamins, riboflavin helps to maintain healthy vision, helps protect the nervous system, and is necessary for a healthy liver.
- Published
- 2023
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