4,419 results on '"*LANGUAGE contact"'
Search Results
2. ¿Soy de Ribera o Rivera?: Sociolinguistic /b/-/v/ Variation in Rivera Spanish.
- Author
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Araujo, Vanina Machado and Ward, Owen
- Subjects
SPANISH language ,SPEECH ,LANGUAGE contact ,SPANIARDS ,BILINGUALISM ,SOCIOLINGUISTICS - Abstract
This study investigates the impact of language contact on three generations of bilingual Spanish and Uruguayan Portuguese speakers in Rivera City, Uruguay, located on the Uruguayan–Brazilian border. Focusing on the confirmed presence of the Portuguese-like/b/and/v/phonemic distinction, and the lower frequency of the Montevideo Spanish-like approximantized stops in Riverense Spanish (RS), the research examines the production of
and b in 29 female Rivera Spanish bilinguals belonging to different age groups. More specifically, the aim was to see if the previously observed differential use of language-specific phonological variants could be accounted for by using precise measurements of relative intensity, duration, and voicing coupled with a distributional analysis of realizations derived from auditory coding. At the same time, their production is compared to that of 30 monolingual Montevideo Spanish (MS) speakers, who served as the control group, offering a first description of the production of and b within this distinct Rioplatense Spanish variety. Riverense's higher overall relative intensity, duration, and voicing values support auditory coding results, providing evidence of the expected phonological differences between both Uruguayan Spanish varieties. In particular, an exclusive presence of fricative/v/and less approximantization of/b/in RS speech exposed the influence of Portuguese in Rivera bilinguals and their divergence from MS. In addition, as predicted, the findings reveal a higher presence of Portuguese-like productions of [v] and [b] in older bilinguals when compared to younger generations. This illustrates a continuum from Portuguese-like forms to Spanish-like forms, which is confirmed by both acoustic and distributional analyses. Finally, evidence of the existence of innovative forms resulting from mixing Portuguese and Spanish phonological systems in RS are presented. This study's findings contribute to sociolinguistics and bilingualism by exposing cross-linguistic influence in a border setting with rigorous analytical methods that offer reliable results and go beyond a basic analysis based on auditory identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] - Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
3. Do languages spoken in multilingual communities converge? A case study of reflexivity marking in Mano and Kpelle.
- Author
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Khachaturyan, Maria, Moroz, George, and Mamy, Pe
- Subjects
- *
VARIATION in language , *LINGUISTIC change , *SPEECH , *SOCIOCULTURAL factors , *REFLEXIVITY - Abstract
This paper explores variation in the patterns of reflexivity marking in the Mano language and possible influence from the Kpelle language by using an experimental design with a picture questionnaire. While Kpelle does not have a morphological distinction between reflexive and basic pronouns, the Mano variety spoken by Mano-dominant individuals does possess such a distinction in 3sg. In contrast, the Mano variety spoken by Kpelle-dominant individuals shows a pattern borrowing from Kpelle into Mano, whereby the basic pronoun is used for both coreferential and disjoint readings. In a bilingual village, however, despite daily usage of both languages, almost all speakers from our sample manifest a uniform pattern that aligns closely with the monolingual Mano pattern of reflexivity marking. Therefore, the intensity of contact alone does not predict the amount of influence of Kpelle on Mano. Contrary to predictions by Labov (2010. Principles of linguistic change. Volume 3, Cognitive and cultural factors. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell: 5), we conclude that the languages spoken in a multilingual speech community do not necessarily converge and that a balanced multilingual community may provide enough input to acquire monolingual-like competence, at least according to the specific parameter under investigation. In the long run, however, convergence between Mano and Kpelle could indeed be taking place, with Mano losing its reflexivity contrasts, having already lost the contrast in 3pl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Loanword Phonology of Spanish Anglicisms: New Insights from Corpus Data.
- Author
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Bäumler, Linda
- Subjects
LANGUAGE ability ,ETYMOLOGY ,SPANISH language ,LOANWORDS ,LANGUAGE contact - Abstract
Previous research shows that several factors influence the adaptation of English phonemes in Spanish Anglicisms: speaker age, English proficiency, and geographic distance from the U.S.A, among others.Due to globalization, increased mobility, and the ubiquitous availability of English media, the question arises whether these factors are still relevant in today's world. For the present study, 70 speakers from Mexico and Spain read a word list containing Anglicisms aloud. A generalized linear mixed effects model was applied to analyze which factors directly influence pronunciation. Results show that the realization of Spanish grapheme-phoneme correspondences plays a major role in the adaptation process. Moreover, the analysis shows that it is exposure to the English language that mainly influences the pronunciation: the more exposure speakers from both countries have to the English language, the more likely they are to imitate the English pronunciation instead of the realization of Spanish grapheme-phoneme correspondences. Finally, the analysis revealed differences not only between the phonemes and the speakers but also between the words included in the study and once more highlighted that every word has a history of its own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Altaic Elements in the Chinese Variety of Tangwang: True and False Direct Loans.
- Author
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Lefort, Julie Pauline Marie
- Subjects
LANGUAGE contact ,CHINESE language ,LOANS ,GRAMMATICALIZATION ,DIALECTS - Abstract
This paper foccusses on the Tangwang language, a Chinese variety spoken in southern Gansu that has been in contact with the Dongxiang language, a Mongolic language. Tangwang is believed to be a highly altaicised variety, as it demonstrate several traits that are usually absent in this language family are are reputed 'typical' of the Turkic-Mongolic languages. However, most of these traits are present in the other northwestern chinese varieties and are the result of reanalysis, thus, it is difficult to trace their exact origin. This paper aims at analyzing the influence of Mongolic languages on Tangwang from the perspective of borrowings, and in particular direct loans. Taking the formally identical features that are shared in Dongxiang and Tangwang as a starting point, we will try to determine which form can be seen as a direct borrowing due to the adstratal influence of Dongxiang and which one is probably due to an earlier altaic influence. We will try to classify which form is a 'true' direct loan from Dongxiang and which form could be the evidence of an earlier substrate. From the results, and based on the existing models on languages contact, we will try to understand which mechanisms from relexification, grammaticalization, and language shift is the most probable in the case of Tangwang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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6. Korean loanwords in Indonesian; A corpus-based study
- Author
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Suhandano, Ria Febrina, Arina Isti'anah, and Hwang Who Young
- Subjects
dictionary ,loanwords ,korea ,language contact ,vocabulary. ,History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,AZ20-999 - Abstract
The borrowing of foreign lexicon in Indonesian is well documented. However, to date, research on Korean loanwords has remained unavailable. Against the backdrop of the Korean Wave (hallyu), this paper discusses the phonological adaptation of Korean loanwords in Indonesian and the way these loanwords contribute to the Indonesian lexical landscape. By collecting data on Korean culture from a selection of Instagram and Twitter (now X) accounts from the Indonesian community, our corpus shows that besides nouns, Korean loanwords also include adjectives and verbs. We identified 52 loanwords related to the domain of popular culture, including film, music, and food. The different phonological systems of Korean and Indonesian determine the assimilation processes in the Indonesian vocabulary. Since this paper involves big data stored in a corpus, it has the capacity to provide new insight in the ways Korean loanwords and their phonological structure are integrated in Indonesian and become linguistically acceptable.
- Published
- 2024
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7. ‘Aquí toman mucho sopa’: Linguistic variables as predictors of non-standard gender agreement production in Basque Spanish
- Author
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Basterretxea Santiso Gorka
- Subjects
grammatical gender ,language contact ,linguistic factors ,basque ,spanish ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
The language contact between Basque and Spanish in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) gives rise to the production of specific linguistic features such as non-standard gender agreement (N-SGA). N-SGA in BAC Spanish has been traditionally attributed to elder Basque native speakers without much access to education, but this affirmation is not based on any empirical study. In addition, although several scholars have explored N-SGA in other language contact situations, there is no agreement on the linguistic factors that favor this production. Taking this knowledge gap as the point of departure, the present study explores 73 individual sociolinguistic interviews by a diverse population from the BAC in order to delimit (i) the community that produces N-SGA and (ii) the linguistic factors that condition it. Results follow Basterretxea Santiso’s (2022, “A triangulation study on gender agreement in Spanish by native Basque speakers.” Revista Española de Lingüística (RSEL) 52(1): 7–37) suggestion that N-SGA in BAC Spanish is present across generations: it is a well-established feature present in BAC Spanish as a result of language contact. Results also support the existence of a local gender agreement system that depends on the gender of the controller, inflectional form, number, distance, and whether the target is a clitic or adjective.
- Published
- 2024
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8. Investigating the borrowing of prepositions and pronouns in Kalhori Kurdish in Kurdish-Farsi bilinguals
- Author
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Sayedeh Zeinab Hosseini and Habib Gowhari
- Subjects
language contact ,borrowing ,kalhori kurdish ,bilingual ,prepositions ,pronouns ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
Language contact may have a lot of repercussions for the languages involved. Lexical or structural borrowing can be among the results of language contact. Accordingly, the present study investigates the local and borrowed prepositions and pronouns in Kalhori Kurdish due to language contact.To fulfill this goal, a researcher-made questionnaire (list) was used to determine the local and borrowed pronouns and prepositions in Kalhori Kurdish. This list included 35 items: 11 frequent Kurdish prepositions and 24 Kurdish pronouns. The data was collected through interview. Regardless of their education, all the subjects were fluent in both Kurdish and Farsi and were regarded as active bilinguals. In terms of age range, the young participants were between 20-35 years old, and the old participants were between 50-70 years old. Based on age, gender and educational background, the selected subjects were assigned to 8 groups. Each group consisted of 10 people. Totally, 80 people responded to the items in the list through a targeted interview. The data was collected in Ilam (Eyvan) province. Kalhori Kurdish is the mother language of the people. Three-way ANOWA was employed to assess the significance of the probable variations.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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9. An Acoustic Study on English Vowels Produced by Indonesian Speakers: Exploring Determining Factors and Contact Situations
- Author
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Ferdinan Okki Kurniawan, Margareta Rosvita, and Rintya Yuniastari
- Subjects
phonetics ,phonology ,vowels ,language contact ,English language ,PE1-3729 ,English literature ,PR1-9680 - Abstract
Compared to English varieties spoken in the inner circle (e.g., Australian English and New Zealand English), the English variety spoken in Indonesia, especially in acoustic phonetics, is still understudied. Using the Praat computer program, this acoustic study investigates the English vowel production of fifteen Indonesian females and males. The formants (F1 and F2) of their English vowel in words heed /hid/, hid /hɪd/, head /hɛd/, had /æ/, hod /hɑd/, hawed /hɔd/, hood /hʊd/, who’d /hud/, hud /hʌd/, and heard /hɝd/ are measured and then compared with the vowels produced by American English speakers. Regardless of the speakers’ gender and English skill levels, the vowels [æ] and [ɑ] show the most significant differences between Indonesian and American English speakers. The difference in this study is conditioned more by linguistic factors, i.e., phonetics and phonemics, than by non-linguistic factors, i.e., gender and English skill level. The findings of this study offer a discussion of how acoustic evidence resulting from language education may shed light on possible language contact situations.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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10. Ideophones in Upper Guinea Creoles: a comparative study
- Author
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Nicolas Quint and Noël Bernard Biagui
- Subjects
afro-portuguese ,ideophones ,language contact ,niger-congo ,upper guinea creoles ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
The Upper Guinea Creoles (UGCs) are a family of closely related Afro-Portuguese languages, comprising three branches: continental (Casamance and Guinea-Bissau), insular (Cape Verde) and ABC (Dutch Antilles). Several continental and insular UGC varieties make use of a specific set of adverbs which can be called “ideophones” following Dingemanse’s (2012) definition of the term. This paper aims at providing a comprehensive study of UGC ideophones. Based on a database collected from native speakers, it characterizes the main phonological, morphosyntactic and semantic features of ideophonic items in UGCs. In addition, it investigates the origins of UGC ideophones and compares the use and behavior of this word class in continental and insular UGCs, showing the degree of both African and Portuguese influence on each UGC variety considered.
- Published
- 2024
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11. A revised digital edition of Wurm & Hattori's Language Atlas of the Pacific Area.
- Author
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Forkel, Robert and Hammarström, Harald
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QUALITY control ,UNIVERSAL language ,LANGUAGE contact ,LANGUAGE & languages ,POLYGONS - Abstract
Wurm & Hattori's Language Atlas of the Pacific Area describes the geographic speaker areas of the languages and language varieties spoken in the Pacific. Thanks to the efforts of the Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative, this monumental piece of work has been available in digital form for over 15 years. But lacking proper identification of language varieties, this digitized data was largely unusable for today's research methods. We turned ECAI's digitized artefacts of the Language Atlas into an open, reusable geo-referenced dataset of speaker area polygons for a quarter of the world's languages. This allows for much more refined analysis methods to, for example, analyse language contact in the area of the world with the highest linguistic diversity. We also describe a number of tool applications and quality checks which may be useful for methodological development in similar digitization efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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12. SUI FRANCESISMI FRASEOLOGICI IN ITALIANO.
- Author
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CRIFÒ, FRANCESCO
- Subjects
FRENCH language ,FATHER-son relationship ,ITALIAN language ,PHRASEOLOGY ,KINSHIP ,FATHERS ,MOTHER-daughter relationship - Abstract
Research into the etymologies of higher lexical units is still relatively recent. The recent blooming of phraseological projects and the current abundance of and easy access to historical documentation make a close examination of the origin and history of some of these elements timely. Based on some examples, the close relationship between French and Italian phraseology is illustrated here, proposing among other things three hypotheses of borrowing from the former language to the latter: figlio or figlia di papà 'young man who is aided excessively in life and career by his father's prestige and wealth', literally 'father's son/daughter', girarsi or rigirarsi i pollici 'stay idle, inactive', literally 'to twiddle one's thumbs', mettere alla porta 'to dismiss, to send away, to kick out', literally 'to put someone at the door'. In other cases (a tentoni ~ à tâtons 'blundering, fumbling', adagio Biagio ~ à l'aise Blaise 'expression that calls for caution') the kinship between Italian and French expression is evident but it is difficult (or conceivably impossible) to reconstruct whether this is a transfer from one language to another and in which direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Code Mixing Phenomena in Vietnam Online Newspapers.
- Author
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Le Thi Thuy Vinh
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC newspapers ,VIETNAMESE language ,VIETNAMESE people ,READING interests ,LANGUAGE contact - Abstract
Along with the development of society, based on the internet platform, in addition to other types of written and visual newspapers, online newspapers were born, allowing people around the world to quickly access news without delay depends on space and time. To attract readers, the language of online newspapers is also increasingly being innovated to meet readers' tastes. Code mixing is a fairly common phenomenon in online newspapers, giving readers interesting impressions. Therefore, the article "Code mixing phenomena in Vietnam online newspapers" will survey the forms of code mixing in languages in Vietnamese online newspapers, thereby providing comprehensive assessments of this phenomenon on the Internet journalistic language in particular and communication in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. Моңғолия қазақтарының ауызекі сөйлеуіндегі кірме сөздер.
- Author
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Байгаж, А.
- Abstract
Copyright of Turkic Studies Journal is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Semantic Fields and Castilianization in Galician: A Comparative Study with the Loanword Typology Project.
- Author
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Álvarez de la Granja, María and Dubert García, Francisco
- Subjects
WORD frequency ,LANGUAGE contact ,SPANISH language ,LOANWORDS ,ALGAE ,PRESTIGE - Abstract
This study examines the correspondence between the borrowability indices from the Loanwoard Typology (LWT) project and Castilianization indices from the Atlas Lingüístico Galego (ALGa) across seven semantic fields. To this end, we identified all Castilianisms in the ALGa and conducted a quantitative analysis to compare these indices. Results obtained indicate a mismatch between the rankings of the LWT project and the ALGa. For example, the field 'The body' has the highest level of Castilianization according to the ALGa but the lowest borrowed score in the LWT project. Moreover, Castilianization levels in the ALGa show greater dispersion than borrowability levels from the LWT project. In fact, in each semantic field, many concepts (52.2%) have low levels of Castilianization, between 0% and 10%, and only a few concepts have high levels. A more detailed analysis of three semantic fields ('The body', 'Agriculture and vegetation', and 'The physical world') suggests that explanations based solely on semantic criteria (such as the existence of an unalterable central lexicon) are insufficient; other factors such as prestige, urbanization, cultural modernity, frequency of word usage, and perhaps other intralinguistic factors should be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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16. Chilean Spanish Intonational Plateaus and Their Pragmatic Functions: A Case of Contact with Mapudungun.
- Author
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Rogers, Brandon M. A. and Face, Timothy L.
- Subjects
SPANISH language ,LANGUAGE contact ,PROSODIC analysis (Linguistics) ,INTONATION (Phonetics) ,PRAGMATICS - Abstract
Intonational plateaus exist in Chilean Spanish in contexts in which they do not exist in any other variety of Spanish. Mapudungun, which has been in contact with Chilean Spanish for centuries, also has plateaus in similar contexts, although for years, the possibility of any influence of Mapudungun on Spanish has been largely dismissed. The present study examines the discourse contexts in which intonational plateaus occur in both Chilean Spanish and Mapudungun and finds that their pragmatic function is similar, with the vast majority of cases highlighting information based on the subjective communicative desire of the speaker rather than falling into established syntactic or pragmatic categories such as narrow focus. However, while the pragmatic function is similar between the languages, Mapudungun has a wider use of the plateaus, indicating a likely longer presence in this language. Based on the similarities in pragmatic function, the absence of such plateaus in any other variety of Spanish, and the wider use of plateaus in Mapudungun, this paper argues that the Chilean Spanish plateaus originate from Mapudungun due to their centuries-long history of intense language contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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17. Parenting children with disabilities in Sweden: a cluster-analysis of parenting stress and sufficiency of informal and formal support.
- Author
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Täljedal, Torun, Granlund, Mats, Osman, Fatumo, Selinus, Eva Norén, and Fängström, Karin
- Subjects
CHILDREN with disabilities ,PARENTS with disabilities ,PARENTS ,PARENTING ,LANGUAGE contact ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) - Abstract
Objective: To investigate patterns of parenting stress and access to sufficient informal and formal support among parents of children with disabilities. To explore whether child cognitive level, conduct problems and the need of language interpretation in contacts between parents and professionals are associated with patterns of parenting stress and support. Method: Parents (N = 140) of children with disabilities in Sweden completed a questionnaire about parenting stress and support. Patterns of three variables--parenting stress and access to sufficient informal and formal support--were investigated using cluster analysis. The relationship of child cognitive level, level of conduct problems and of language interpretation needs between parents and professionals to cluster membership was explored using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Five different clusters of parenting stress and support emerged. Parents in cluster 1 had lower than sample mean ratings on all three variables. Cluster 2 had elevated parenting stress, cluster 3 had elevated insufficient informal support and cluster 4 had elevated insufficient formal support. Cluster 5 had elevated ratings on all three variables. Greater child cognitive difficulties increased the likelihood of parent membership in cluster 2 (elevated stress), cluster 3 (elevated insufficient informal support), or cluster 5 (elevated ratings on all variables). Child conduct problems increased the likelihood of membership in cluster 2 (elevated stress) or cluster 5 (elevated ratings on all variables). No relationship between language interpretation needs and cluster membership was found. Conclusions: Patterns of parenting stress and sufficiency of support, and their associations with child characteristics, vary substantially. However, families of children with conduct problems experiencing elevated parenting stress in combination with insufficient informal and formal support, may be particularly vulnerable. The results of the current study highlight the clinical importance of exploring and identifying individual parenting stressors and perceived levels of support, to be able to adapt services to better suit a variety of needs, and thus promote equitable care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Redeployment in language contact: the case of phonological emphasis.
- Author
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Flynn, Darin
- Subjects
PHONOLOGY ,LANGUAGE contact ,HISTORICAL linguistics ,CONSONANTS ,SECOND language acquisition - Abstract
This article applies the notion of redeployment in second language acquisition to contact-induced diachronic changes. Of special interest are cases where a marked phonological contrast has spread across neighboring languages. Such cases suggest that listeners can re-weight and re-map phonetic cues onto novel phonological structures. On the redeployment view, cues can indeed be reweighted, but phonological structures which underlie a new contrast are not expected to be fully novel; rather, they must be assembled from preexisting phonological structures. Emphatics are an instructive case. These are (mostly) coronal consonants articulated with tongue-root retraction. Phonological emphasis is rare among the world's languages but it is famously endogenous in Arabic and in Interior Salish and it has spread from these to not a few neighboring languages. The present study describes and analyzes the genesis of phonological emphasis and its exogenous spread to a dozen mostly unrelated languages--from Arabic to Iranian and Caucasian languages, among others, and from Interior Salish to Athabaskan and Wakashan languages. This research shows that most languages acquire emphatics by redeploying the phonological feature [RTR] (retracted tongue root) from preexisting uvulars. On the other hand, some languages acquire imitations of emphatics by redeploying the consonantal use of [low] from preexisting pharyngeals. Phonological emphasis is apparently not borrowed by neighboring languages where consonants lack a phonological feature fit for redeployment. The overall impression is that a language in contact with emphatics may newly adopt these sounds as [RTR] or [low] only if the relevant feature is already in use in its consonant system. This pattern of adoption in language contact supports the redeployment construct in second language acquisition theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Metalinguistic knowledge of pragmatic markers in Kwéyòl Donmnik and English.
- Author
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Peltier, Joy P.G.
- Subjects
- *
LANGUAGE awareness , *DISCOURSE markers , *ENGLISH language , *FATHERS , *CULTURAL values , *CREOLES - Abstract
Through interviews with bilingual users of Kwéyòl Donmnik (Dominica Creole), an understudied and endangered French lexifier Creole, and a questionnaire for users of English, a colonial language that has been in intense contact with Kwéyòl for over 200 years, this study investigates the metalinguistic knowledge members of each language community have about a selection of pragmatic markers that are cross-linguistically similar: Kwéyòl konsa 'so', èben 'well', and papa/Bondyé 'father/God' and English so, well , and oh my God. The study also examines Kwéyòl users' understandings of la 'there', a locative pragmatic marker. Participants' responses paralleled and expanded upon linguists' observations, and while there were commonalities between the two groups' self-reports, Kwéyòl users attributed greater cultural and communicative value to their markers. This research expands the limited body of work on Kwéyòl and reinforces that pragmatic markers are both procedurally meaningful and culturally embedded. It also demonstrates that, while corpus-based approaches are fruitful, richer insights can be gained by also incorporating language users' lived expertise through direct elicitation of their metalinguistic knowledge about how pragmatic markers are employed and perceived. • Selected Kwéyòl and English pragmatic markers (PMs) are in intense contact. • Metalinguistic knowledge about PMs parallels and expands beyond corpus analyses. • Despite rich knowledge, English survey takers were more dismissive of their PMs. • Kwéyòl interviewees ascribed greater cultural and communicative value to their PMs. • Both groups report awareness of waning taboos surrounding PMs with religious roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. An Acoustic Study on English Vowels Produced by Indonesian Speakers: Exploring Determining Factors and Contact Situations.
- Author
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Kurniawan, Ferdinan Okki, Rosvita, Margareta, and Yuniastari, Rintya
- Subjects
ENGLISH vowels ,PHONETICS ,PHONEMICS - Abstract
Compared to English varieties spoken in the inner circle (e.g., Australian English and New Zealand English), the English variety spoken in Indonesia, especially in acoustic phonetics, is still understudied. Using the Praat computer program, this acoustic study investigates the English vowel production of fifteen Indonesian females and males. The formants (F1 and F2) of their English vowel in words heed /hid/, hid /hɪd/, head /hɛd/, had /æ/, hod /hɑd/, hawed /hɔd/, hood /hʊd/, who’d /hud/, hud /hʌd/, and heard /hɝd/ are measured and then compared with the vowels produced by American English speakers. Regardless of the speakers’ gender and English skill levels, the vowels [æ] and [ɑ] show the most significant differences between Indonesian and American English speakers. The difference in this study is conditioned more by linguistic factors, i.e., phonetics and phonemics, than by non-linguistic factors, i.e., gender and English skill level. The findings of this study offer a discussion of how acoustic evidence resulting from language education may shed light on possible language contact situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Conceptual metaphor in areal perspective: time, space, and contact in the Sinosphere.
- Author
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Fiddler, Michael
- Subjects
TIME perspective ,CONCEPT mapping ,METAPHOR ,COGNITIVE linguistics ,LANGUAGE contact ,VOWELS - Abstract
This paper discusses spatio-temporal metaphors in three regions in and around China from the perspective of language contact, looking for evidence of areal convergence or transfer of the conceptual metaphors. The approach fits broadly within the framework of Cognitive Contact Linguistics. After a review of spatio-temporal metaphors in the Sinitic languages, I sketch out the relevant metaphors in languages spoken in northwest China (Xinjiang and the Qinghai-Gansu Sprachbund), in and near northeast China, and in south China and Taiwan – many of which have not been discussed previously in the literature on conceptual metaphor. The study reveals evidence for metaphor transfer involving the up-down spatial dimension from Sinitic to Japanese and Korean, contact-facilitated extension of metaphor involving the front-back dimension in Tsou, and possible transfer of front-back metaphor to other languages of Taiwan. Several of the lexical items used in front-back metaphorical expressions in Santa, two Hmong varieties, Japanese, and Korean are borrowed from Sinitic, but these do not clearly represent transfer of the conceptual mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Preserving Mzabi Dialect Vitality: The Case Study of Mozabite Merchants in the City of Constantine.
- Author
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Benlahrache, Wafa Safinez
- Subjects
DIALECTS ,MERCHANTS ,LANGUAGE maintenance ,BILINGUALISM ,CELEBRITIES - Abstract
Copyright of Human Sciences Journal / Revue des Sciences Humaines is the property of Universite des Freres Mentouri Constantine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
23. Estudios de Lingüística del Español
- Subjects
sociolinguistics ,historical sociolinguistics ,language contact ,discourse studies ,pragmatics ,social semiotics ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Published
- 2024
24. Linguistic evidence and Tupi-Guarani/Cariban contacts in the Eastern Guianas: Wajãpi kasi ‘be strong’, pipi ‘father’s sister’ and kasuru ‘pearl’
- Author
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Fernando O. de Carvalho
- Subjects
Etymology ,Language contact ,Tupi-Guarani languages ,Cariban languages ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Abstract This brief paper proposes a Cariban etymology for the Wajãpi (Tupi-Guarani) verb -kasi ‘be strong’, which has been incorrectly suggested as being of Tupi-Guarani provenance. It is proposed that the source language for this diffusion event was Apalai, and not Wayana, as is usually claimed when the issue of the Cariban influx into Wajãpi is addressed. Two other Cariban loans are discussed, pipi ‘father’s sister’ and kasuru ‘pearl’, and in these cases as well, it is shown that diffusion from Apalai, not Wayana, is the more likely scenario. Implications of the findings are discussed.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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25. Multilingual Language Ideological Assemblages: Language Contact, Documentation and Revitalization
- Author
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Kroskrity, Paul V
- Subjects
language dynamics ,language contact ,language ideologies ,revitalization ,documentation ,Native North America ,Indigenous California ,Pueblo Southwest ,Cognitive Sciences ,Language Studies ,Linguistics - Abstract
Abstract: Data from long-term research in two ideologically divergent Native American linguistic communities demonstrate the importance, first, of indigenous multilingualisms and, second, of distinctive ideologies of multilingualism in shaping the divergent language contact outcomes and practices of those communities as they adapted to such forces as economic incorporation, colonization, assimilationist policies, and later decolonization and attempted language revitalization. Indigenous ideological differences in these communities were key factors in producing divergent patterns of language shift as well as in community efforts to document and revitalize their respective heritage languages. The Village of Tewa (NE Arizona) still partially retains a multilingual adaptation in all generations except youth and young adults (Kroskrity, 1993; 2014). The Western Mono (Central California) were traditionally multilingual with neighboring languages of the Yokuts and Southern Sierra Miwok groups (Kroskrity, 2009a). Though both groups were historically multilingual, multilingual practices were differentially influenced by distinctive language ideologies such as those emphasizing purism/syncretism and the expressive/utilitarian functions of language. This observation suggests the importance of understanding indigenous multilingualisms and their consequences for language contact within their language ideological assemblages (Kroskrity, 2018).
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- 2023
26. Investigating the role of an indigenised variety of English in the acquisitional and sociolinguistic contexts of the Malaysian ecology
- Author
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Sie, Samantha and Tsimpli, Ianthi
- Subjects
British English ,corpora ,crosslinguistic influence ,finiteness ,generative grammar ,grammaticality judgement task ,language acquisition ,language attitude ,language contact ,linguistics ,Malaysian English ,minimalist syntax ,multilingualism ,narrative task ,sociolinguistic survey ,sociolinguistics ,substrate transfer ,TalkBank ,World Englishes - Abstract
The realm of New Englishes offers enriching avenues to explore the interplay between language acquisition and sociolinguistic influences in linguistically diverse ecologies. Yet research into this interdisciplinary arena remains lacking. Accordingly, this thesis addresses this paradigm gap by focusing on the Malaysian ecology. One of the three empirical studies conducted as part of this project is i) a CASE STUDY which examines the morphosyntactic properties of an indigenised variety of English viz., Colloquial Malaysian English (CME). The data generated from naturalistic conversations came from two pairs of adult Malaysians with different L1 backgrounds (i.e., Malay and Chinese). While many of the non-standard features supplied could be explained by substrate influence, there were also features resembling general second language (L2) behaviours and creative innovation. The MAIN STUDY adopts a concurrent embedded design, which comprises ii) an ACQUISITIONAL STUDY and iii) a SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY. The ACQUISITIONAL STUDY investigates the roles of the first language (L1) and CME in the ultimate acquisition of finiteness in Standard English (StE). The adult participants recruited for this study were 145 Malaysians and 30 British (control). Malaysians who acquired English as (one of) their L1(s) (L1-MalE(+)) were predicted to have less difficulty than their L1-Malay and L1-Chinese peers and perform more similarly to the British English (BritE) monolinguals. This is because, despite the prevalence of CME in the local environment, L1-MalE(+) learners would merely have to reset the optional features of finiteness in CME to obligatory, as required in StE. Meanwhile, L1-Malay and L1-Chinese learners would be faced with an additional learnability burden of acquiring finiteness as a new functional feature, given its absence in their L1s. Findings from a grammaticality judgement task and narrative task revealed that although the Malaysian cohort behaved statistically differently from the L1-BritE control, the L1-MalE(+) groups outperformed the L1-Chinese and L1-Malay groups across the board. That said, the L1-Malay group fared considerably better than its L1-Chinese counterpart and was about on par with the L1-MalE(+) peers. These findings indicated clear L1 effects modulated by typological proximity. Meanwhile, the SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY explores Malaysians' attitudinal behaviours towards CME and StE. The same participants from the acquisitional study undertook a sociolinguistic survey administered for this study. Findings revealed that the participants were non-discriminatory towards CME and StE, and that they were aware of when to use these varieties across different social settings. Altogether, this thesis demonstrates the facilitative role of CME in the acquisition of StE, and concurrently vindicates the functional importance of CME and StE as legitimate varieties in the Malaysian milieu.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Classification of Gallo-"Italic" : current issues in the literature and proposals for a solution
- Author
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Brasca, Lissander, Tamburelli, Marco, and Shank, Christopher
- Subjects
Language classification ,Ausbau language ,Abstand language ,mutual intelligibility ,linguistic distance ,Gallo-Italic ,Gallo-Romance ,Italo-Romance ,Romance languages ,family tree model ,language contact ,SPIN test ,Lombard language ,Piedmontese language ,Emilian language ,Romagnol language ,Italian language ,Occitan language ,UNESCO ,endangered languages - Abstract
In this thesis I contribute towards settling a disagreement among scholars concerning the classification of Gallo-"Italic". The scholarly literature unanimously describes Gallo-"Italic" as showing all the linguistic traits that distinguish Gallo-Romance from the other Romance varieties. Nonetheless, while some scholars classify Gallo-"Italic" as Gallo-Romance, some others classify it as Italo-Romance ('pro-Italo-' scholars). These two labels ('Gallo-Romance' and 'Italo- Romance') are irreconcilable, as they are regularly presented in the literature as being mutually exclusive and, in particular, they are normally used in the family tree model to name two cousin taxa: Gallo-Romance is a Western Romance daughter, while Italo-Romance is an Eastern Romance daughter. I argue that the pro-Italo- stance has to be rejected for several different reasons. Firstly, by making recourse to Kloss's distinction of Abstand vs. Ausbau, I show that, in their proposed classifications, the pro-Italo- scholars mix the Abstand and the Ausbau criteria and that this is inconsistent with the aims of classificatory science. In fact, following Kloss (1967), Abstand and Ausbau have to be seen as classificatory criteria of two independent classifications that, moreover, should be expressed by two formally distinct nomenclatures. I argue that, in science, classifications have an informative function, and that by employing such a mixed criterion pro-Italo- scholars have provided a flawed "classification" that is informative neither of the Abstand nor of the Ausbau status of the varieties classified, hence it is not useful for scientific purposes and should therefore be rejected. Secondly, I show that some scholars' proposal of grouping Gallo-"Italic" with Italo- Romance in a synchronological classification (i.e. based on current linguistic similarity) should be rejected too. These scholars claim that, over the centuries, contact with Tuscan/Italian literary language would have made Gallo-"Italic" more similar to Italo-Romance than to its sibling Gallo- Romance varieties. However, despite making a statement that is quantitative in nature, these scholars do not provide quantitative evidence supporting it. Through the above arguments-that are epistemological in nature-I reject the pro-Italo- stance on the basis of linguistic evidence that is already available. Finally, by means of a series of empirical tests comparing intelligibility between speakers of different geolects, I provide new linguistic evidence that present-day Gallo- "Italic" is still linguistically more similar to the bordering Gallo-Romance than to the bordering Italo-Romance geolects, hence it is still properly grouped with the former and not with the latter, even from a synchronological standpoint. Note. I write Gallo-"Italic" with inverted commas because the Italic linguistic profile of this group is just the point of contention in this thesis. Partly interpreting Pierre Bec's suggestion (Bec, 1970-1971: II 316), it might be better labelled as 'Cisalpine Gallo-Romance'.
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- 2023
28. Egyptian Arabic-English code-switching in product review videos in Egyptian female vlogs
- Author
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Natalia Siereda
- Subjects
code-switching ,bilingualism ,language contact ,vlogs ,female speech ,egyptian arabic ,english ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 ,Finnic. Baltic-Finnic ,PH91-98.5 - Abstract
This paper explores the phenomenon of code-switching between Egyptian Arabic and English in vlogs published by young Egyptian women. Based on evidence from a total of 5 hours of recordings, language choices of female vloggers in product review videos were observed and analysed. Primarily, Muysken’s typology of code-switching (subdivision into insertion, alternation, congruent lexicalization) was used to classify the tokens. Secondly, all of them have been analysed from a usage-based perspective. All types of CS were attested in the material, the prevalent one being insertions. Lastly, an attempt was made to find patterns similar for some of the participants or all of them. *** "Egiptuse araabia ja inglise keele koodivahetus Egiptuse naisvlogijate tootevideotes" Artikkel käsitleb noorte Egiptuse vlogijate keelevalikuid ning Egiptuse araabia ja inglise keele koodivahetust. Viie sisulooja videomaterjali analüüsitakse Muyskeni (2000) koodivahetuse tüpoloogia ja kasutuspõhise meetodi abil. Analüüsile eelneb Egiptuse sotsiolingvistilise situatsiooni kirjeldus, mis loob konteksti tulemuste paremaks mõistmiseks. Analüütilises osas selgitatakse näidete varal koodivahetuse eri tüüpe. Analüüsitakse mitte ainult iga informandi individuaalseid omadusi, vaid tuvastatakse ka nendevahelisi ühiseid mustreid.
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- 2024
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29. Glocal Space in Spanglish Twitter Communication
- Author
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Marina Yu. Semenova
- Subjects
linguistic glocalization ,modus categories ,code switching ,code mixing ,hybridization ,language contact ,post-standard languages ,translingual idioms ,spanglish ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Language and Literature - Abstract
The study of linguistic phenomena in media texts based on code-switching and code-mixing is a pressing issue, since their linguistic level reflects global processes of the multipolar world development. In particular, it results in post-standard modern languages and translingual idioms where language contact occurs. The article aims at determining the Spanglish language glocal space continuum at the lexical, semantic and grammatical levels. The material is based on tweets by the American satirist Rachel Figueroa, writing under the pseudonym Miguel Bloombito, for 2017–2022, selected using the continuous sampling method. A corpus of 1073 tweets was compiled and studied using morphological, syntactic, lexical and semantic analysis followed by statistical processing and mapping. The result is the identification of four modus categories that express meanings corresponding to glocal space. Methods for transmitting these meanings at the lexical, semantic and grammatical levels in Spanglish have been identified as well. Thus, it has been established that this translingual idiom boasts a full-fledged system of units and levels, which effectively conveys the meanings of all modus categories under consideration. In addition, data mapping allows us to conclude that Spanglish effectively performs communication tasks both within the same locale and between different locales. Finally, the study does not only empirically prove the validity of one of the hypotheses regarding the glocal space infinity, including its linguistic representation, but also demonstrates that modern language contact models correspond not to geography, but to the logistics of communication flows between various glocalized locales determined by geostrategic interests.
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- 2024
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30. Thrivers and Survivors during Study Abroad: The Individual Cases of Japanese Learners of English.
- Author
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Halenko, Nicola and Economidou-Kogetsidis, Maria
- Subjects
FOREIGN study ,LANGUAGE contact ,JAPANESE language ,JAPANESE people ,LIMITED English-proficient students ,LANGUAGE & languages - Abstract
Whilst study abroad (SA) periods hold much promise for foreign language development, increasing research suggests sojourners' experiences are unique, and language development does not always follow a linear trajectory. For some learners, SA has little impact on their language performance despite the affordances of L2 immersion (the Survivors). Other learners maximise the potential of SA, and this has a positive impact on their language development (the Thrivers). This paper examines the selected cases of four Japanese learners of English and their request language performance during a 10-month SA in the UK. Changes in pragmatic knowledge (based on appropriateness ratings) were documented at three equidistant time points. Language contact profile data also provided quantitative insights into the learners' extracurricular language use and qualitative personal reflections. The selected cases illustrate two learners surviving the SA experience, showing minimal change in their request performance. The other two learners thrived during SA, showing accelerated performance in terms of lexical variation at the production level. This paper reports on the case histories of these learners to better understand these unique experiences and pragmatic discrepancies. Suggestions for how learners might be more pragmatically successful during SA are also offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. On the Functional Convergence of Pragmatic Markers in Arizona Spanish.
- Author
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Martínez, Brandon Joseph
- Subjects
DISCOURSE markers ,SPANISH language ,VARIATION in language ,LINGUISTIC change ,STANDARD language - Abstract
Tags, compared to other types of pragmatic markers (PMs), are typically considered as separate yet related phenomena and are usually differentiated by their syntactic positions and discourse functions, among other factors. The current work explores this differentiation utilizing 36 sociolinguistic interviews with Spanish-English bilinguals in southern Arizona, USA. Standard language variation and change (LVC) methodologies were used in the extraction, coding, and statistical analyses of this dataset (n = 591), with four PM variants identified for study through an exploratory methodology: the tags no and qué no and the discourse markers (DMs) you know and saber. The results of our analyses indicate that, while utterance position, self-reported gender, and length of residence were all significant in the multivariate analysis, discourse function was dropped from the statistical model. Therefore, we interpret this finding as an indication that functional differences between these two pragmatic resources have been levelled through grammaticalization, demonstrating that for Arizona Spanish, tags and DMs belong in the same functional category of PMs. Furthermore, an analysis of codeswitching behavior triggered by the incoming variant you know demonstrates that it is becoming incorporated into the Spanish pragmatic system, patterning similarly to its counterpart saber in terms of function and position, without attrition of the native variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Argument Case Leveling toward Genitive: An Unexpected Outcome in a Language Contact Situation.
- Author
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Madariaga, Nerea and Romanova, Olga
- Subjects
RUSSIAN language ,LANGUAGE contact ,SLAVIC languages ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,BILINGUALISM - Abstract
This article contributes to the study of a productive morphosyntactic mechanism in a peculiar type of linguistic variety, the Russian language of Odessa (OdR). This variety was born as a lingua franca in the city of Odessa soon after its foundation, implying the massive acquisition of the Russian language in a nonnative way in its initial stages. Afterwards, it was transmitted to successive generations as a native variety, albeit preserving some of the initial traits. One of the most characteristic traits of OdR is the leveling of argument marking not in favor of accusative/nominative cases, as expected, but in favor of genitive marking. The use of genitive case, i.e., differential genitive case marking on subjects and objects instead of nominative/accusative, is partially present in most Slavic languages. However, in OdR, genitive case spread massively to a wide range of new syntactic positions. We show that the reason for this extension lay in (i) the confluence of different languages and dialects, which involved incomplete acquisition by many inhabitants of the city and notably Yiddish speakers, and (ii) the transmission of innovative traits through bilingual speakers, who followed specific language-internal rules operating also in Child Russian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Khoekhoe Loanwords in isiXhosa and isiZulu: Beyond Click Loan.
- Author
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Christie, Camilla Rose
- Subjects
LOANWORDS ,LINGUISTIC landscapes ,LANGUAGE contact ,LANGUAGE & languages ,FAMILY leave - Abstract
A precolonial language contact event between languages in the Nguni group of the BANTU family and extinct undocumented languages in the Khoekhoe branch of the KHOE family left an enduring impact on the linguistic landscape of South Africa. isiXhosa and isiZulu gained a massive lexis of Khoekhoe loanwords that remains understudied. Prior research has focused primarily on the behaviour of click consonants during loan, and more general descriptions of phonological and morphological adaptations are lacking. This paper describes some general adaptive processes, with the especial aim of facilitating the improved detection of loanwords. By comparing the extant Khoekhoe-branch languages Nama, Damara, and Kora with the loaned Khoekhoe-branch material preserved in isiXhosa and isiZulu, details of the phonology and morphology of the undocumented Khoekhoe donor languages are inferred. Finally, comparative material from the Kalahari-branch languages in the KWADI-KHOE family is also introduced to compensate for lacunae in the historical linguistic record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Kinship Terminologies of the Circum-Baltic Area: Convergences and Structural Properties.
- Author
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Milanova, Veronika, Metsäranta, Niklas, and Honkola, Terhi
- Subjects
EVIDENCE gaps ,ANTHROPOLOGICAL linguistics ,LANGUAGE contact ,LOANWORDS ,ETHNOLOGY ,KINSHIP - Abstract
Contact and areal studies of kinship terminologies have by now received too little attention in social anthropology and linguistics. To fill in one of numerous research gaps, we investigated kinship terminologies of the Circum-Baltic (CB) area. We discovered many heterogeneous overlapping micro- and macro-convergences belonging to different temporal strata and contact situations. This was especially the case with loanwords, whereas certain calques had a wider spread covering most of the CB area. It suggests that semantic patterns may be more prone to borrowing than lexical items. The analysis of structural properties showed that CB kinship terminologies combine both West European and East European/West Asian strategies. It indicates that CB kinship terminologies indeed possess a marked combination of properties. However, most of them are shared with their neighbours, which confirms that the CB area is a Contact Superposition Zone as suggested in Koptjevskaja-Tamm and Wälchli (2001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Navigating Linguistic Similarities Among Countries Using Fuzzy Sets of Proper Names.
- Author
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Lauc, Davor
- Subjects
FUZZY sets ,LANGUAGE contact ,PERSONAL names - Abstract
This paper examines the commonalities among several countries and languages through the lens of proper names, especially forenames. It posits that the investigation of these names offers a fresh perspective on language similarity due to their distinct influence from cross-cultural interactions and language contact compared to regular vocabulary. The study introduces a novel measure that generalizes the similarity between sets by considering the distances between elements. This metric is employed to assess phonetic commonalities in forenames. The results of this analysis show a notable correlation between the commonality of proper names across languages and the overarching commonality of the languages themselves. In addition, the forename commonalities also provided more insights. As this investigation shows, proper names can also serve as a potentially potent metric for language similarity and may be used to unveil additional cultural commonalities and disparities among nations. The paper concludes by addressing the constraints of this research and discussing prospects for subsequent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Pemilihan dan Penguasaan Bahasa dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Bonggi.
- Author
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Mansur, Akhmad, Razali, Asbah, Hashim, Nurhamizah, Samsudin, Nurul Haniza, and Mohd Bukhari, Nur Azimah
- Abstract
The diversity of ethnicities on Banggi Island cultivates an environment characterized by a rich tapestry of languages and dialects. Notwithstanding the prominence of the Sabah Malay dialect as the prevailing mode of communication, the heterogeneous linguistic landscape has exerted a discernible influence on the selection of languages. One ethnic group particularly impacted by this phenomenon is the Bonggi community. This scholarly inquiry is dedicated to exploring linguistic proclivities in the routine familial discourse of the Bonggi community. The cohort under study comprises 370 members of the Bonggi community, all of whom are residents of Banggi Island. The study, employing a methodology anchored in quantitatively driven descriptiveness, leverages a questionnaire structured upon the theoretical framework of Fishman's Domain Theory (1972). The findings shed light on a prevailing predilection among the Bonggi community for the employment of both the native Bonggi language and the Sabah Malay dialect as communicative vehicles within the familial ambit. Furthermore, the research underscores the concurrent utilization of other languages within the same familial domain, such as Dusun, Bajau, and Ubian. Intriguingly, some participants have transitioned away from the Bonggi language, relying solely upon other ethnic languages or the Sabah Malay dialect. In a broader context, this study assumes significance as a catalytic driver for initiatives aimed at preserving and perpetuating the Bonggi language within the community, thereby ensuring its sustained functional relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Phonetic and Phonological Research in Mai-Ndombe: A Few Preliminary Notes on Rhotics and Double-Articulations.
- Author
-
Maselli, Lorenzo
- Subjects
LINGUA francas ,LANGUAGE contact ,SOCIAL stigma ,GREY literature ,LINGUISTIC context ,SOCIOLINGUISTICS - Abstract
Mai-Ndombe is one of the southwestern provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Ecologically, it can be characterised as a transition zone between a moist, broadleaf rainforest ecotone in the north and shrubland/savannah areas in the south. Linguistically, Mai-Ndombe, along with the rest of southwestern Congo all the way down to the border with Angola, is among the least well-surveyed areas of the planet. Within its borders, several different Bantu (Guthrie's zones B, C, and H) varieties are spoken, near the newly identified West-Coastal Bantu homeland, itself a hot spot of phonological diversity unlike any other in the West-Coastal Bantu domain. Phonetic and phonological accounts of its languages are particularly lacking (apart from impressionistic "grey literature" reports which seldom comply with the standards of present-day phonetic and phonological inquiry). This gap is particularly concerning as Mai-Ndombe is also an area of great anthropological diversity, with numerous hunter-gatherer Twa communities living deep in its eastern and northern forests. Their lects, collectively known as Lotwa, are severely endangered, as they face the threats of social stigma and the growing use of national and regional linguae francae. As part of the author's doctoral project (still underway), phonetic data were collected in the area between May and July 2021, specifically in Inongo (the provincial capital) and Nioki. The present contribution is intended as a brief note on the relevant results produced so far, mainly bearing on the analysis of some phenomena of interest in the languages of the region, including Sakata rhotics and labial–velars and the presence of unusual trilling/flapping realisations in Lotwa. The picture yielded by this preliminary exploration is one of striking phonetic and phonological variation, possibly pointing to earlier stages of greater linguistic diversity than previously supposed. It is also tentatively proposed that one of the specific characteristics of the phenomena attested in the present contribution is that they tend to affect more than one language at a time, working rather as areal "phonetic possibilities" than language-bound outcomes of traditional sound change rules; in this sense, it is suggested that in-depth documentation and description can help broaden our understanding of how language contact works in highly multilingual contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. When a New Pronoun Crosses the Border: The Spread of A Gente on the Brazilian-Uruguayan Frontier.
- Author
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Pacheco, Cíntia, Carvalho, Ana, and Scherre, Marta Pereira
- Subjects
SOCIOLINGUISTICS ,BORDER crossing ,PRONOUNS (Grammar) ,PORTUGUESE language ,SPANISH language ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,LEXICAL access - Abstract
This study shows that the incorporation of the first-person plural pronoun a gente has not only reached the southernmost tip of the Brazilian territory, but has crossed the border and entered Uruguayan Portuguese, or varieties of Portuguese spoken in northern Uruguay by Portuguese–Spanish bilinguals. This finding is based on the quantification of the a gente/nós variable in sociolinguistic interviews carried out in two border communities: Aceguá, Brazil, and Aceguá, Uruguay. The analysis of interviews recorded on each side of the border yielded a total of 1000 tokens that were submitted to a multivariate analysis. Following the premises of comparative sociolinguistics, we compared the distribution of the variable on both sides of the border and found that although Uruguayans used a gente less often than Brazilians, this innovation, preferred by young speakers, is incorporated in both dialects, following similar linguistic paths. These results show that Uruguayan Portuguese has incorporated the pronominal a gente in its grammar in a clear sign of convergence towards Brazilian Portuguese and divergence from Spanish, despite the coexistence with Spanish that categorically uses nosotros as the first-person plural pronoun and reserves the cognate la gente for its purely lexical meaning 'the people'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Spatial Locative Relativization in Three African Varieties of Portuguese: Unity in Diversity and Diversity in Unity.
- Author
-
Hagemeijer, Tjerk, Gonçalves, Rita, and Alexandre, Nélia
- Subjects
PORTUGUESE language ,RELATIVE clauses ,LANGUAGE contact ,CONCORD ,VARIATION in language ,LEXICAL access - Abstract
This paper investigates the formation of spatial locative relativization in three African varieties of Portuguese. While research on relative constructions in Portuguese has deserved considerable attention in the literature, it tends to focus on the European and Brazilian varieties, with locative relativization being only marginally addressed. Using data extracted from spoken corpora of contemporary, urban varieties of Angolan, Mozambican, and Santomean Portuguese, we aim to discuss whether there is a correlation between syntactic and semantic variables and the selection of the two main locative relative morphemes, onde 'where' and que 'that'. Overall, the three varieties at stake behave similarly with respect to the analyzed syntactic variables and follow the tendency found in Portuguese varieties toward the use of pied-piping and P-chopping as the dominant relativization mechanisms, independent of the syntactic relation between the antecedent and the relative clause. Semantically, we identified some fine-grained differences between the three varieties, with Santomean Portuguese generally being the outlier or one of the outliers. Crucially, definiteness of the head noun stands out as the one variable that plays a major role in the selection of the relative morpheme: [−definite] head nouns show a proportionally higher preference for que in both AP and STP, which is particularly visible with bare nouns in the latter. This motivates the hypothesis that less specified head nouns show a preference for the un(der)specified relative morpheme que. We further show that the role of language contact is at best very limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Enklave bahasa Toraja pada anak imigran Indonesia di wilayah Sabah, Malaysia
- Author
-
Candraderi Christmatara and Muhammad Suryadi
- Subjects
enclave ,Toraja language ,Malay Sabah language ,children of immigrant ,language contact ,Language and Literature - Abstract
This research examines the use of the Toraja language spoken by children of Indonesian immigrants in Sabah, Malaysia. This phenomenon is unique because these children, who are of Toraja descent and born also raised in an environment where Malay Sabah is the primary language of communication, maintain the use of the Toraja Language. The purpose of this research is to present the forms of Toraja language enclaves in Sabah, Malaysia. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method. Data sources were collected using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and elicitation. The three stages of analysis involved data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that Indonesian immigrant children born and raised in the Sabah, Malaysia, use both the Toraja language and Malay Sabah in various domains. The analysis revealed that Indonesian immigrant children have a better understanding of Malay Sabah than the Toraja language, influenced by economic, social, cultural, and topographical factors.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Syntax and functions of the Ingrian discourse particles no and nu
- Author
-
Elena Markus
- Subjects
Ingrian ,discourse particles ,syntax ,functions ,language contact ,isuri keel ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 ,Finnic. Baltic-Finnic ,PH91-98.5 - Abstract
This paper examines the syntax and functions of the discourse particles no and nu in narratives and conversations recorded from speakers of Soikkola Ingrian in 2006–2013. The Ingrian particle no is probably Finnic in origin, while the particle nu was most likely borrowed from the Russian language. The goal of this research is to find out how different or similar no and nu are in contemporary Ingrian from the point of view of their syntactic positions and functions. Four structural positions are distinguished, in relation to the position of the particle in a turn and in a clause, and no striking differences are observed in the distribution of no and nu across positions. The typical functions of no and nu are analysed separately in each of the four structural positions, and the functional range is found to be similar for both particles. It is also notable that in the Russian speech of Ingrian speakers, no is sometimes used as a discourse particle, although this would not be possible in standard Russian. The research concludes that at the period under investigation the two particles were on the way to complete merger, and can be treated as phonetic variants in a synchronic description of Ingrian, despite the quantitative prevalence of no over nu. Kokkuvõte. Elena Markus: Isuri diskursusepartiklite no ja nu süntaks ja funktsioonid. Artikkel uurib diskursusepartiklite no ja nu süntaksit ja funktsioone narratiivides ja isuri keele Soikkola murde kõnelejate vestluste salvestistes aastatel 2006–2013. Isuri partikkel no on ilmselt läänemeresoome päritolu, partikkel nu on aga tõenäoliselt laenatud vene keelest. Uurimuse eesmärk on välja selgitada, kui erinevad või sarnased on no ja nu tänapäeva isuri keeles süntaktiliste positsioonide ja funktsioonide poolest. Eristada võib nelja struktuurpositsiooni sõltuvalt partikli asukohast kõnevoorus ja lausungis, positsioonist lähtuvalt aga no ja nu vahel suuri erinevusi märgata ei olnud. Partiklitele tüüpilisi funktsioone analüüsiti eraldi igas struktuurpositsioonis ning selgus, et ka funktsioonide ulatus on mõlema partikli puhul sarnane. On ka märkimisväärne, et isuri keele kõnelejad kasutavad partiklit no diskursusepartiklina vahel ka vene keeles, kuigi vene keele standardis selline kasutus võimalik ei ole. Uurimusest järeldub, et vaadeldaval ajaperioodil on kaks partiklit üheks liitumas ning neid võib isuri keele sünkroonilises kirjelduses käsitleda kui foneetilisi variante, kuigi kvantitatiivselt on partikkel no eelistatum kui partikkel nu.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Syntax of the numeral phrase in Soikkola Ingrian
- Author
-
Fedor Rozhanskiy
- Subjects
Ingrian ,syntax ,numeral phrase ,agreement ,case marking ,language contact ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 ,Finnic. Baltic-Finnic ,PH91-98.5 - Abstract
This article describes the numeral phrase in Soikkola Ingrian. It focuses on the external syntax of the numeral phrase (first of all, case marking of its components) and on the number agreement between the numeral phrase in the subject position and the predicate. The sources of data are (a) a collection of spontaneous speech samples recorded in 2006–2013, (b) samples of spontaneous speech published by previous researchers, (c) elicited material recorded in 2006–2023. Though the numeral phrase in Soikkola Ingrian preserves most of the common Finnic traits, it has some less com- mon features, e.g. agreement in all numeral phrases with a numeral ending in ‘one’ or expressing approximate quantity through a reversed word order. Most likely these features arose due to the contact influence of Russian. Kokkuvõte. Fedor Rozhanskiy: Numeraalfraasi süntaks isuri keele Soikkola murdes. See artikkel kirjeldab numeraalfraasi isuri keele Soikkola murdes. Artikli keskmes on numeraalfraasi välissüntaks (eeskätt selle komponentide käändemärgistus) ja arvu ühildumine numeraalfraasi ning predikaadi vahel. Andmeallikad on (a) 2006.–2013. aastal salvestatud spontaanse kõneüksuste kogu, (b) varasemate uurijate avaldatud spontaanse kõne näited, (c) 2006.–2023. aastal salvestatud küsitletud materjal. Kuigi numeraalfraas Soikkola murdes säilitab enamiku tavalistest läänemeresoome keele tunnustest, on sellel mõningaid vähemlevinud omadusi, näiteks ühildumine kõigis numeraalfraasides numbriga ’üks’ lõppeva numeraali või ligikaudse koguse väljendamise kaudu pööratud sõnajärjega. Need omadused on tekkinud tõenäoliselt vene keele kontakti tulemusena.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Le camfranglais comme reflet du dialogue des cultures dans l’espace francophone camerounais : repères lexicologique, sémantique et morphosyntaxique
- Author
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ALAIN BLAISE MBELLA NTOUBA
- Subjects
camfranglais ,hybrid language ,language contact ,dialogue. ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Arts in general ,NX1-820 ,Language and Literature ,Political science - Abstract
Cameroon is a country whose inhabitants belong to miscellaneous cultures and ethnicities and different geographical areas. One of the factors that helps to decode an individual’s belonging to a culture is the national language. This situation is not favorable to conversations between citizens who do not belong to the same culture. Even if the problem seems to have been solved by the decisions-makers through the choice of French and English as official languages, the difference of level and language register is still a hindrance to exchange amongst the citizen. In a bid to tackle this matter, Cameroonian speakers created the camfranglais, which is a vernacular language derived from French, English and local languages. This reflection, which analyzes the formal and the semantic means of camfranglais, is based on a central issue: how the structure of a language can justify the dialogism which animates the speakers? How do the morphosyntaxic constructions of camfranglais and its concepts can shed light on its polyphonic character? This questioning will find its answers in a development in two parts enlightened by sociolinguistics. It will therefore be suitable to show, on the both sides, that camfranglais is made up of the languages established in Cameroon. At the end of the analysis, we noticed that the linguistic elements of this hybrid language reflect the dialogism which characterizes Cameroonian speakers.
- Published
- 2023
44. Address forms in Tatar spoken in Finland and Estonia
- Author
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Sild Orsolya
- Subjects
language contact ,sociolinguistics ,language variation ,multilingualism ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
Tatar minorities have lived in Finland and Estonia as a multilingual diaspora for more than a century. This study explores how the different generations of Tatars living in Finland and Estonia perceive polite forms of address, focusing on the choice of informal and formal second-person pronouns and the use of kinship terms. The research material includes 7 h 20 min of semi-structured interviews conducted with nine Tatars from Finland and ten Tatars from Estonia. The results suggest a parallel tendency of variation in the address forms among the Finnish and Estonian Tatar minorities. Specifically, the Tatars in Finland are more likely to use sin, the second-person singular form (T-form), than the Estonian Tatars. This is similar to Finnish, where the T-form is more extensively used than in Estonian and Russian, which are the main contact languages of Tatar in Estonia. The results also propose that Finnish and Estonian Tatar diaspora members use kinship terms less as a polite form of address and accept being addressed by their first name. However, in standard Tatar, it is perceived to be impolite to address the interlocutor by only their first name without a kinship term or title. Many of the participants were also aware of these pluriareal differences in the use of T-forms and the use of Sez, the second-person plural form (V-form), and kinship terms in Tatar, suggesting the existence of meta-linguistic awareness among Tatar speakers in terms of polite language use.
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- 2023
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45. The Intonation of Peruvian Amazonian Spanish Declaratives: An Exploration of Spontaneous Speech.
- Author
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García, Miguel
- Subjects
SPEECH ,SPANISH language ,INTONATION (Phonetics) ,LANGUAGE contact ,LIPREADING ,VERSIFICATION ,GOSSIP - Abstract
The present study explores intonational patterns in spontaneous speech in Peruvian Amazonian Spanish (PAS). The data came from 12 monolingual Spanish speakers in the city of Pucallpa, where the Spanish language has historically been in contact with the Amazonian language Shipibo-Konibo. The speakers responded to an open-ended prompt that elicited broad focus declaratives. Acoustic information from 1524 pitch accents was extracted from 194 sentences and analyzed using Praat. The analysis focused on five features: F0 rises, F0 peak alignment, downstepping, final lowering, and cases of stress clash. The results not only supported previous research on this variety that came from read speech tasks (e.g., F0 peaks consistently aligned with the stressed syllable), but also highlighted the importance of using multiple methodologies to gain a more comprehensive understanding of PAS prosody. Specifically, the varied sentence lengths and structures common in spontaneous speech provided new insights into downstepping, final lowering, and stress clash in PAS intonation. Overall, these results contribute to the growing literature on Spanish prosody in shared linguistic spaces and lend support for trends (such as F0 peak alignment) that have been reported in other language contact varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Kazakhstani Gansu Dungan as a Contact Language: An Analysis of Russian Influence.
- Author
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Honkasalo, Sami
- Subjects
LANGUAGE contact ,RUSSIAN language ,LOANWORDS ,LANGUAGE research ,MANDARIN dialects - Abstract
This paper discusses extensive language contact and its results in Kazakhstani Gansu Dungan, a divergent variety of Mandarin Chinese. Based primarily on recorded conversational source materials, this study offers a contact linguistic overview of the language, introducing both phonological and morphosyntactic contact phenomena. It is shown that Kazakhstani Gansu Dungan is currently under extensive Russian influence. The influence permeates all layers of the language and exceeds lexical borrowing mentioned in earlier Dungan studies. For instance, clause combining and complex clauses in Dungan have shifted to the direction of a Russian model, which makes the language stand out among other Sinitic varieties. This study demonstrates that, in addition to introducing new structures, extensive Russian influence on Dungan also reinforces earlier development that has led the language further away from the Sinitic prototype. In all, Kazakhstani Gansu Dungan forms its own kind of divergent Russianized Sinitic variety and thus offers a contribution to both researching language contact in the Russophone world and to understanding the typological diversity of Sinitic languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Spanish Loyalty and English Prestige in the Linguistic Landscape of Ciudad Juárez, Mexico.
- Author
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Mazzaro, Natalia, Minjarez Oppenheimer, Natalia, and González de Anda, Raquel
- Subjects
ENGLISH language ,LINGUISTIC landscapes ,SPANISH language ,PRESTIGE ,LOYALTY ,EMPLOYEE loyalty - Abstract
Linguistic landscape (LL) studies in bilingual regions can reveal power dynamics between two languages, providing important information regarding their status and vitality. To analyze the relationship between Spanish and English in Ciudad Juárez, a city on the south side of the U.S.-Mexico border, we collected 1649 pictures of public signs in several sections of the city, whose "wellness levels" differ from each other. Pictures were coded for several factors, including language choice, business type, sign type, and the main and informative section, amongst others. Results show that while Spanish is the most frequently used language, English has a strong presence in the LL of Ciudad Juárez. The main factor affecting language choice is "business type". Certain businesses within the "beauty" category tend to favor the use of English, while businesses within the "home" category favor the use of Spanish. An analysis of socio-economic status (SES) and language choice revealed a direct relationship between them: English is favored in high-income neighborhoods, while Spanish is favored in low-income areas. The analysis of the main and informative sections on signs further confirmed the prestige assigned to English, which appears mostly in the main and most prominent sections of a sign. Our research shows that although Spanish vitality in Ciudad Juárez is strong, English is used in advertising because it is prestigious and increases the value of products and services, making them more appealing to shoppers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Spanish Diversity in the Amazon: Dialect and Language Contact Perspectives.
- Author
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Vásquez Aguilar, Alonso
- Subjects
- *
LANGUAGE contact , *SPANISH language , *SOCIOLINGUISTICS , *DIALECTS , *COLLECTIONS - Abstract
The article "Spanish Diversity in the Amazon: Dialect and Language Contact Perspectives" presents a book that addresses the lack of studies on Spanish varieties in the Amazon region of Latin America. The book, titled "Spanish Diversity in the Amazon," contains a collection of twelve articles that explore different aspects of Amazonian Spanish, including its contact with indigenous languages and its sociolinguistic, discursive, and phonological characteristics. These studies contribute to the study of Spanish dialects in the Amazon region and are accessible to non-Spanish speakers. Additionally, the article mentions other works related to the topic of languages in contact in Hispanic America. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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49. Pedro Henríquez Ureña y la fundación de la utopía de la expresión americana.
- Author
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Marín Osorio, William
- Subjects
- *
AMERICAN identity , *DIALECTS , *LANGUAGE contact , *LINGUISTIC identity , *UTOPIAS - Abstract
Pedro Henríquez Ureña thinks of the great American homeland as a utopia of language. And for this he turns to his Greek, Latin, British classics, epistemological references for the construction of a specific cultural field from the perspective of education: “give the alphabet to all men”. This concern was already latent in Observaciones sobre el español en América (1921) and his works on dialectology, published in the Biblioteca de Dialectología Hispanoamericana at the time of Amado Alonso as director of the Instituto de Filología of the Facultad de Filosofía y Letras of the Universidad de Buenos Aires. These pioneering works were undoubtedly born from an interest in defining, through the linguistic and cultural code transplanted to the realities of America and through its contact with indigenous languages, the coordinates of a new original linguistic code in the perspective of searching for American identity and our own expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. SYNTAX OF THE NUMERAL PHRASE IN SOIKKOLA INGRIAN.
- Author
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Rozhanskiy, Fedor
- Subjects
- *
WORD order (Grammar) , *LANGUAGE contact , *RESEARCH personnel , *NUMERALS , *SYNTAX (Grammar) - Abstract
This article describes the numeral phrase in Soikkola Ingrian. It focuses on the external syntax of the numeral phrase (first of all, case marking of its components) and on the number agreement between the numeral phrase in the subject position and the predicate. The sources of data are (a) a collection of spontaneous speech samples recorded in 2006-2013, (b) samples of spontaneous speech published by previous researchers, (c) elicited material recorded in 2006-2023. Though the numeral phrase in Soikkola Ingrian preserves most of the common Finnic traits, it has some less common features, e.g. agreement in all numeral phrases with a numeral ending in 'one' or expressing approximate quantity through a reversed word order. Most likely these features arose due to the contact influence of Russian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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