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Great Britain is entitled to a prominent place in the history of the dismissal compensation movement. It is certain that the actual number of English companies that have incorporated the payment of dismissal wages in their labor policy is greater than the list given herewith, for several firms operating a considerable number of plants that are known to have made pecuniary provisions for their excess personnel declined to disclose the details of their schemes. Though it may be incorrect to conclude from the voluntary plans described in this survey that the payment of dismissal gratuities is representative of British personnel practice or that there exists in Great Britain a dismissal compensation movement as such, the practice of paying dismissal gratuities is spreading and there is evidence of the development of a strong tendency toward such a movement. The combined working forces of the industries making use of dismissal wage plans probably number over several hundred thousand workpeople, for the gas industry employs 80,000 people alone.

The objective of this article is to point out some lessons drawn from European experience with respect to railway finance and coordination. Immediately two difficulties appear here. First, the problem of selection of specific countries. The author tries to meet this problem by confining this article on railway finance proper to experience in Great Britain and France, where private ownerships typical. In the discussion of coordination, German experience is added, coordination being desirable under any system of ownership. These three countries provide a range from private ownership under a moderate degree of regulation, through private ownership under very complete regulation, to public ownership. The second problem is the difficulty and the danger of applying conclusions drawn from one set of conditions to another set. There are, however, enough common problems confronting European and American transportation to justify our consideration of foreign experience. Countries all over the world are greatly concerned with the plight of railway capital, with the effects of transport competition, and with the need for coordination; and various steps have been taken towards meeting these problems.

Examines the gross metabolic changes among neonates in Great Britain. Nature of bodily activity; Influence of feeding time in the induction of bodily activity; Effects of crying on the rate of metabolism.

This article lists papers on sociology which have been published in British journals. The article "Investigations of the Heredity of Psychosis and Mental Deficiency in Two North Swedish Parishes," by Torsten Sjögren has been published in the vol. 4, part 3, December 1935 edition of the journal "Annals of Eugenics." The paper "An Early Motive of Roman Imperialism," by E.T. Griffiths and "Nationalism in the Middle Ages," by G.G. Coulton have been published in the vol. 5, April 1935 edition of "The Cambridge Historical Journal." The paper "Laws on Health and Marriage," by C.P. Blacker, "The Berlin Population Congress and Recent Population Movements in Germany," by D.V. Glass, and "The Co-ordination of the Records of Births, Marriages and Deaths," by D. Caradog Jones have been published in the journal "The Eugenics Review."

The article focuses on the aspects of the milk marketing scheme in Great Britain. Among the recent attempts that have been made in all parts of the world to improve the economic organization of agriculture, none is more notable than the English Milk Marketing Scheme. While it is part of the general British program for the assistance of the farmers, it differs in many essential respects from the schemes that have been set up individually for other products either under specific acts, as for wheat and sugar beets, or under the general provisions of the agricultural marketing acts, as for potatoes, hops and bacon. Under the milk scheme complete control over all milk sold in fluid form from farms in England and Wales is exercised by the Milk Marketing Board. England and Wales, with a cow population of roughly three millions, produce annually between twelve and thirteen hundred million gallons of milk. When deductions are made for the quantities fed to calves and consumed in various forms by the farm families themselves, the net commercial production is reduced to approximately one billion gallons.

The article offers information on the autecology of Mercurialis Perennis, including the effect of soil factors on distribution and growth, and the light intensity as a factor in the distribution and growth of the two sexes. It is cited that the effect of hydrogen-ion concentration on the distribution and growth of Mercurialis perennis in Great Britain were determined, with pH values of more than 200 samples of soils. It is mentioned that the light intensity is an important factor for the distribution and growth of the male and female plants of Mercurialis perennis in nature.

The article presents the author's reply pertaining to capital supply and national well-being. Referring to Mr. Keirstead's questions, Snyder remarks that they are derived from a widespread belief that Great Britain's "periodic break-downs" are "inherent" in the present capitalistic system. So the evidence that has been building up in the last 15 years seems to portray an inherent stability and persistence of industrial growth unimagined by most economic and socialistic writers. The forces "inherent" in industry seem admirably adapted to maintain such an equilibrium as Professor Cannon depicts in the human body. It seems only when the body economic is invaded by "infection," such as credit inflation, speculation and booms, that breakdowns occur. Snyder adds that in another 10 or 20 years it is possible that the Soviet experiment will reveal much. But it still may remain open whether the drastic methods it has employed would be feasible in a highly developed industrialized system like in the United States or Great Britain. The capitalistic system has been in a continuous process of transformation and development, pretty much ever since its latest phase began 150 years ago with the introduction of the steam engine and the coming of the Power Age. Snyder predicts that cooperative kind of socialism would be perhaps far more efficient and beneficent than most of its critics can believe.

The author cites the strange emotional fluctuations in British opinion in regard to foreign affairs. According to him, in this area, the British people have not displayed that common sense for which in domestic politics they are justly admired. They have not acted wisely regarding foreign policy. The author suggests that the British people have not yet acquired the habit of judgment in regard to foreign policy. The security of Great Britain and her empire must he maintained against all possible enemies. Such maintenance could be secured only by command of the seas. It must be benevolent and not provocative, it must be exercised in the interests of the smaller powers in order that world indignation should never be aroused against it. The Navy meant for them, not pride and power only, but also personal security. Satisfied as they were with the main objectives of their foreign policy, the British people were glad to leave its execution to the experts under the direction of the Government in power.

This articles describes the professional life of economist Adam Smith as the Commissioner of His Majesty's Customs in Great Britain. Adam Smith entered upon his duties as Commissioner of His Majesty's Customs at Edinburgh early in 1778. He was then close to fifty-five years of age, and at the height of his powers and reputation. With an assured income of £900 a year-two-thirds from his government appointments, the other third his pension from the House of Buccleugh-he was a rich man in the Edinburgh of his day and fully in position to enjoy what he loved most: "his mother, his friends, his books." Yet his acceptance of the appointment greatly disturbed his friends who were fearful that the duties of the office would prove "sufficient to waste his spirit and dissipate his attention." During the first years of his residence in this city his studies seemed to be entirely suspended and his passion for letters served only to amuse his leisure and animate his conversation.

The article focuses on the housing policy in Great Britain after the World War I. There are over three million houses in England and Wales in 1919, which is only a quarter of the total number of houses existing as of 1935. The housing policy has conquered the acute shortage after the Armistice, it has responded to the problem of slums and overcrowding. The task that needs to be addressed is the issue of providing housing for working-class families. Before the war, the housing for this demographic group was provided by private enterprise and it has been inadequate. Housing legislation a decade after the war granted subsidies for general housing but in 1932, the responsibility for this seem to have been shifted back to private enterprise. Policies and laws have failed to cope with the demand for cheap housing for rent. The continuance of rent restriction laws is evidence for the shortage of working-class houses. This matter has become public concern and the promotion of general housing will be the major goal of English housing policy.

In Great Britain, especially in the years since the World War, it has become generally recognized that party policy must be based upon careful study of social conditions. The technical character of many of the problems with which a modern government must deal makes it desirable that legislative and administrative policy be formulated on the basis of a scientific study of the social and economic conditions that will be affected by the action of the government. This need for research profoundly affects the party battle. Under a democratic constitution, each political party must formulate its policy with reference to an interpretation of social conditions that will appeal to a large section of the electorate as a sound interpretation. A political party therefore needs a research bureau and investigating committees to study existing conditions and to interpret them in the light of the party philosophy. The political party in office at any particular time can avail itself of the research facilities of the government, but an opposition party must create its own agencies.

This article discusses issues related to press and the Great Britain constitutional crisis. American editors were, however, still somewhat hesitant about breaking the story. The American press clamored for daily coverage. London, Great Britain, correspondents for American dailies and press associations, unable to utilize their ordinary sources, the London dailies, which up to this time had carefully refrained from any mention of the subject, were forced to rely upon surmises, rumors, and conjectures for their daily file. As the date for the abdication approached and the silence of the British press continued, the American correspondents, stimulated by insistent demands from American editors, and handicapped by the failure to obtain either official confirmation or denial, redoubled their efforts to cover "the biggest news story since the World War." The periodical "Editor and publisher" has estimated that roughly 60,000 words were transmitted by cable in the eighteen-hour period which preceded the actual abdication.

A list of documents, reports, and legislation related to economics is presented. The United States Tariff Commission has continued its publication of "Imports Into the United States for Consumption by Countries." The Division of Labor Standards of the federal Department of Labor has published Bulletin No. 11, a study of "British Factory Inspection: A Century of Progress in Administration of Labor Laws," by J. B. Andrews. The Hearings on Tax Evasion and Avoidance before the Joint Committee on Tax Evasion and Avoidance of the 75th Congress have been printed in four parts.

The article presents a discussion on the vegetation of grass verges and explores the grass habitats which are regarded as excessively trodden places. It is implied that a considerable degree of similarity exist between the vegetation of the trampled grass verge found on highways and that of the grassy footpath or the sheep track situated whether on lowlands or at high elevation. The article is supplemented with details regarding the botanical composition of the plant communities, ecological distribution, climatic and edaphic backgrounds, and observations drawn from investigating samples coming from Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand.

The article presents a study on both the algal and phanerogamic vegetation of Scolt Head Island in Norfolk, England. The study attempts to secure a general information on the series of marshes between King's Lynn and Blakeney. It was observed that during the flooding and non-flooding tides there is a marked rise and fall of the water table in the sand stratum below the surface mud, ranging greatest near creeks and diminishes with increasing distance from them. Among the main factors in determining the daily movements of water-table includes the following: the height of the previous tide; resistance of the strata; and strength and direction of the wind.

The article examines the soil composition of plant communities relative to the characteristic of woodland soils. The study describes soils on which certain characteristic of plant communities in the north of England are found. It also attempts to throw some light on the nature of the soil complex as it is related to natural vegetation. In relation to the distribution of natural types of woodland vegetation within the area regarding soil characters, the study tentatively recognized five soil types.