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Advantages or disadvantages of intercropping system can estimate through expression of components of yield on the base of values of productive organs (spike, pod). The aim of this work was study of variation of spike index in cereals species and pods index in pea of spring intercropping. For investigation included spring species of small grains: wheat, triticale, oat and spring legume pea. The investigation was carried out in field condition in experiment with randomised block design of 5m2 plots, with 4 replications. Each species (cereals and pea) were sown sole and in intercrops wheat+pea, triticale+pea and oat+pea. At the maturity stage used 40 plants (10 plants/replication) for determining harvest index of spike in cereal species and index of pea pods on the base of analysis of spike mass and pod mass and seed mass spike-1 and seed mass pod-1. Seed mass spike-1 of small grains species genotypes variate in ratio of 0.85 g (wheat+pea) and 1.59 g (oat intercrops) with average 1.19 g for all crops of cereals and variant of cultivation. The spike mass variate in range of 1.37 g (triticale intercrop) and 2.23 g (wheat intercrops) with average 1.72 g for all cereals and variant of cultivation. Harvest index of spike variate between 62.5% (triticale sole) and 89.2% (oat sole). The value of spike mass was the higher in wheat intercrops than in wheat sole, while for triticale and oat spike mass is lower in intercrops. In the same of analyzed small grain species, seed mass was the higher in sole crops than in mixture with pea. The spike index, only in intercrop triticale+pea (63.2%) was slightly higher than in single crop of triticale (62.5%). Pod mass and seed mass pod-1 of pea was the higher in pea intercrops than in pea sole. The highest pod mass was in intercrop pea+triticale (0.72 g) and the least in single crop of pea (0.45 g) with average 0.62 g for all crops. The highest seed mass pod-1 was the highest intercrop pea+triticale (0.56g) and the least in monocrop of pea (0.32 g) with average 0.46 g for all crops. Harvest index of pod variate in ratio 68.0% (pea single) and 77.% in pea/triticale intercrop. Pod index of pea in mixture with each small grains species genotypes was higher than in pea's monocrop. On the base of result we can conclude that intercropping cereals + pea, have positive effect on spike and pod characteristics which values were higher in majority of studied intercrops than in monocrops. Prednosti i nedostaci zdruţenih useva mogu se oceniti prema ispoljavanja komponenti prinosa na osnovu vrednosti produktivnih organa (klas, mahuna). Cilj ovog rad je izuĉavanje varijabilnosti ţetvenog indeksa klasa pšenice, tritikalea, ovsa i ţetvenog indeksa mahune kod graška gajenim u pojedinnaĉnim i zdruţenim usevima. U istraţivanja je ukljuĉen po jedan genotip jarih formi pšenice, tritikalea, ovsa i graška. Eksperiment je izveden na oglednom polju Rimski šanĉevi u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad. Genotipovi strnih ţita i graška su sejani na parcelicama 5 m2 u 4 ponavljanja u monokulturi i u zdruţenoj setvii pšenica + grašak, tritikale + grašak i ovas+grašak. U vreme fiziološke zrelosti vršena je ţetva biljke koje su korišćene za analizu osobina klasa i metlice kod strnih ţita i osobina mahune kod graška. Za analize je korišćeno 40 biljaka (10 biljaka po ponavljanju) za svaki genotip iz pojedinaĉnih i zdruţenih useva. Analizirane su osobine: masa klasa, masa semena po klasu, masa mahune i masa semena po mahuni. Na osnovu vrednosti ovih osobina izraĉunat je ţetveni indeks klasa kod pšenice, tritikalea i ovsa kao i ţetveni indeks mahune kod graška. Masa klasa je varirala izmedju 1.37 g kod tritikalea u zdruţenom usevu sa graškom, do 2.23 g kod pšenice u zdruţenom usevu sa graškom, a proseĉna masa klasu za sve genotipove u obe varijante gajenja je iznosila 1.72 g. Masa semena po klasu je varirala od 0.85 g kod pšenice u zdruţenom usevu (pšenica+grašak) i u do 1.52 g kod ovsa u zdruţenom usevu sa graškom, a proseĉna masa semena po klasu za sve genotipove u obe varijante gajenja je iznosila 1.19 g. Ţetveni indeks klasa je bio najmanji 62.5% kod tritikalea u pojedinaĉnm usevu a najveći kod ovsa 86.5% takodje u monokulturi. Vrednosri mase klasa i mase semena po klasu su bile razliĉite u zavisnosti od vrste strnih ţita i naĉina setve i gajenja useva. Masa klasa kod pšenice u zdruţenom usevu sa graškom je bila veća nego kod pšenice u pojedinaĉnom usevu. Kod tritikalea i ovsa masa klasa je bila veća u pojedinaĉnm usevu nego u njihovom zdruţenom usevu sa graškom. Masa semena po klasu kod pšenice, tritikalea i ovsa bila je veća u pojedinaĉnom usevu nego u njihovom zdruţenom usevu sa graškom. Ţetveni indeks klasa u monokulturi: kod pšenice (71.9%) je bio veći nego u zdruţenom usevu pšenica+grašak (70.8%), kod tritikalea (65.3%) je bio veći nego u zdruţenom usevu (tritikale+grašak) i kod ovsa (89.2%) je bio veći nego u zdruţenom usevu sa graškom (88.1%). Kod graška, masa semena po mahuni je varirala od 0.33 g u pojedinaĉnom usevu do 0.57 g u zdruţenoj setvi sa tritikaleom, a proseĉna nasa semena po mahuni u oba sistema gajenja bila 0.46 g. Masa mahune je bila najmanja kod graška u pojedinaĉnom usevu 0.45g a najveća 0.72 g u zdruţenom usevu sa tritikaleom, a proseĉna vrednost mahune u svim varijantama gajenja je iznosila 0.59 g. Ţetveni indeks mahune je varirao izmedju 72.9% u pojedinaĉnom usevu graška i 79.4% u usevu zdruţene setve graška i ovsa. Vrednosti za masu mahune, masu semena po mahuni i ţetveni indeks mahune su bile veće u zdruţenim usevima graška sa pšenicom, tritikaleom i ovsom ali nizi bile znaĉajno razliĉite. Dobijeni rezultata, ukazuju da zdruţena setva graška i strnih ţita ima pozitivan efekat na ispoljavanje većih vrednosti osobina klasa i osobina mahune. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field experiment with the wheat varieties Simonida, NS 40 S, Zvezdana, NS Ilina, NS Futura, NS Mila and NS Obala was set up on the smonica-type soil during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 growing seasons. The aim of the research was to analyse the yield, weight of 1000 grains and hectolitre weight of seven Novi Sad wheat varieties grown on slightly acidic soil. The highest values of the observed properties were established in the 2017/18 vegetation year with moderate temperatures and a higher amount of precipitation. Varieties NS Futura, NS Obala and NS 40 S had the highest grain yield during the two-year study. The Simonida variety was characterized by the highest hectolitre weight. The highest values of hectolitre weight were found in the Zvezdana variety in both study years. The analysis of variance established a highly significant influence of the interaction of agro climatic conditions and genotype on the weight of 1000 grains and the hectolitre weight of the tested varieties of winter wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimation of the level of durum wheat germplasm genetic diversity is important for its classification and efficient use in breeding programmes. The aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity of durum wheat genotypes developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia, with 26 morphological characteristics based on the International Union for Protection of New Varieties of Plants guidelines. The Shannon diversity index was used as an indicator of morphological diversity and it ranged from 0.283 for glaucosity of lower side of the flag leaf blade and density of hairiness of uppermost node of the culm, to 0.950 for the ear colour, with the mean value of 0.616, indicating a medium to high level of morphological diversity. On average, the diversity was higher for traits relating to generative organs than for those associated with vegetative plant organs. The 21 morphological characteristics were sufficient to distinguish unique profiles of all durum wheat genotypes. The estimation of varietal diversity and identification of morphological characteristics with the highest discriminative power were done by multiple correspondence analysis. The traits that contributed the most to the distinction of genotypes were the ear colouration, length of beak of the lower glume, lower glume shape, ear length of awns at tip relative to ear length and colour of awns. Morphological characterization using the traits with the highest discriminative power could be a useful complementary method for durum wheat germplasm classification and diversity analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doubled haploid (DH) mapping populations are suitable material for genetic analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL). In order to detect loci associated with heading and flowering time in our agro-climate region, 177 lines of DH population Savana/Renesansa were analysed with five microsatellite markers (GWM18, GWM194, GWM261, PSP3071 and PSP3200). These lines were also evaluated for heading and flowering at the experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The experiment was conducted from 2003 to 2008. According to Single Marker Regression analysis, the marker GWM261 was associated with QTL which explained from 20.2% to 30.7% of the total variance for heading and from 13.6% to 28.8% of the total variance for flowering time, in all analysed years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]