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Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate a smartphone-based online electronic logbook used to assess the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students in Iran., Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted after tool development at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz, Iran from January 2022 to December 2022. The online electronic logbook involved in this study was an Android-compatible application used to evaluate the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students. In the implementation phase, the online electronic logbook was piloted for 3 months in anesthesia training in comparison with a paper logbook. For this purpose, 49 second- and third-year anesthesia nursing students selected using the census method were assigned to intervention (online electronic logbook) and control (paper logbook) groups. The online electronic logbook and paper logbook were compared in terms of student satisfaction and learning outcomes., Results: A total of 39 students participated in the study. The mean satisfaction score of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0.027). The mean score of learning outcomes was also significantly higher for the intervention than the control group (P=0.028)., Conclusion: Smartphone technology can provide a platform for improving the evaluation of the clinical skills of nursing anesthesia students, leading to increased satisfaction and improved learning outcomes.

Introduction: On entry into the clinical environment, nursing students are confronted with many challenges. It is a common problem throughout the world, including Iran. Although many studies have been conducted on the problems of nursing students in the clinical environment, limited information is available on nursing students' experiences of the clinical learning environment and the way they respond to these experiences. Identifying nursing students' experiences is essential to develop interventions to reduce challenges., Objective: This study aimed to explore nursing students' experiences in a clinical learning environment and the way they responded to these experiences., Design: The present study was conducted based on the qualitative research design of the grounded theory methodology., Setting: This study was conducted at schools of nursing in academic settings in Iran., Participants: The participants included 19 nursing students, 4 nursing instructors and 3 clinical nurses., Methods: The data were collected using semistructured interviews, field notes and observation, and were analysed using Strauss and Corbin's approach., Results: Students, as a result of the inadequacy of the educational environment, were faced with 'confusion of identity', stating this as their main concern. When confronted with this concern, they employed specific strategies, some of which prevented them from getting into unpleasant conditions. These strategies did not help students solve their problems and also prevented them from accepting their professional roles and responsibilities. Conversely, some other strategies led them to advanced professional development and enabled them to accept their role and the clinical environment., Conclusion: According to the results of this study, educational policymakers should focus on improving the clinical environment. Identifying professional models and increasing their influence on management, education and clinical education, as well as teaching positive and constructive strategies, will promote positive strategies in coping with inadequate educational contexts. This is necessary for the professional development of nursing students., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Introduction: Undergraduate nursing students often work part-time or even full-time while studying at university completing their bachelor's degrees. The aim of this study is to explain the meaning of the lived experiences of nursing students working as students in clinical field. Methods: A phenomenological study was conducted at the nursing and midwifery school of Tabriz, Iran. Purposefully, 20 baccalaureate nursing students with experience working as student worker nurses were recruited. The sample size was determined according to data saturation. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were held with the participants over 3 months (April 2020 to June 2020), and Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to analyze the data. Results: Five main themes extracted from the data analysis, including "students' clinical competency", "nurse-student relationships", "shift work", "mislearning", and "chaotic wards". A further 12 sub-themes extracted under the five main themes. Conclusion: The work of nursing students in clinical environments as student worker nurses is a two-dimensional phenomenon with advantages and disadvantages. The benefits are improving the nursing students' clinical and communication skills, increasing their self-confidence, learning and practicing discipline and nursing responsibilities, and the disadvantages are facing reality shock stress, and mislearning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nursing students are given opportunities to develop critical thinking disposition, caring behaviors, and professional commitment through clinical training. Therefore, nurse educators should move away from traditional methods toward new ones, such as internship programs in clinical training. This study assessed the effect of nursing internship programs on senior undergraduate nursing students' critical thinking disposition, caring behaviors, and professional commitment. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design but with no control group. The study sample included 46 senior students enrolled in nursing internship programs. A demographic questionnaire, the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CTDI), the Caring Assessment Report Evaluation (Care-Q), and the Nursing Professional Commitment Scale (NPCS) were used to collect data before and five months after the nursing internship programs were implemented. Results: The study findings revealed that the senior nursing students' caring behaviors improved, but the total scores of critical thinking disposition and professional commitment did not change significantly after the nursing internship programs (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, nurse educators are recommended to adopt strategies to improve the effectiveness of internship programs on critical thinking disposition and professional commitment among senior undergraduate nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Clinical education is a fundamental part of nursing professional education. One method of education is the implementation of the preceptorship program, in which clinical nurses are responsible for educating nursing students. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the preceptorship training program for the participation of clinical nurses in the education of nursing students. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2023 at the teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. The sample consisted of 66 nurses from a teaching hospital selected using the accessible method and randomly were put into two groups. The workshop addressed the educational needs of preceptors and students, their readiness for their role, and strategies to effectively support students. Prior to the study, the nurses' level of participation was assessed utilizing a valid IMSOC questionnaire that gauged their involvement in guiding nursing students. The participation rate was reassessed after one month using the same questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. Findings: The two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics. The average score for nurses' participation in the education of students before the intervention was 101.84 ± 15.42 in the test group and 107.24 ± 10.53 in the control group; these two groups were not significantly different (P = 0.10). After the intervention, the scores reached 118.90 ± 15.11 in the test group and 106.21 ± 11.96 in the control group, indicating a significant difference (P < 0.001). A comparison of the nurses' participation scores in the test group indicated a significant difference from the pretest to the posttest, with the improvement in all nurses's participation scores (P < 0.001). However, in the control group, this difference was not significant (P = 0.41). Conclusion: The preceptorship training program is effective in light of increasing the participation of clinical nurses in the education of nursing students. This program can improve various aspects, such as motivation, satisfaction, commitment, implementation, and obstacle removal. Considering the importance of clinical training for nursing students and the essential role of preceptors, it is recommended that managers and health trustees in all university hospitals implement a preceptorship training program to increase the participation of clinical nurses in the education of nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The emergence of Covid-19 has many psychological effects on teenagers, one of which is depression, anxiety and stress, and it has brought physical and psychological effects. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in students of Sanandaj city during the epidemic of the Covid-19 virus in 1401. Method: This study was conducted in a cross-sectional descriptive analytical way. The studied population included all middle school students of Sanandaj city in 1401 with a sample size of 270 people and an age range of 13-15 years. DASS-21 questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed using SPSS-24 software. Results: The results of the study showed that the average scores of depression, anxiety and stress were 14.68 ± 3.39, 14.56 ± 2.99 and 14.74 ± 2.989, respectively. There is a significant relationship between the mean score of depression, anxiety and stress with sleep time, duration of daily activity and body mass index (P<0.05). Also, there is a statistically significant relationship between gender, history of covid-19 in the student and their family, having daily activities and economic status with the average score of depression, anxiety, stress (P>0.05). Conclusion: The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic causes anxiety, depression and stress in students. This phenomenon is intensified when children are confined at home and do not have outdoor activities. As the spread of covid-19 increases, the level of anxiety, stress and depression also increases. Therefore, increasing public awareness of this disease and providing positive psychological programs can reduce anxiety in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Clinical environments create unpredictable conditions that affect the professional excellence of learners. This study aimed to explore and elucidate the lived experiences of clinical lecturers in creating a supportive learning environment necessary for developing the professional identity of medical students. Methods. To conduct this qualitative study, a conventional content analysis approach was adopted. The data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with clinical instructors and students of medical sciences, which continued until data saturation was reached. Four criteria of credibility, confirmability, dependability, and transferability were adopted to maintain the study's trustworthiness, and MAXQDA 10 software was used for data management. The interviews were analyzed employing the content analysis method. Results. Three themes were extracted and listed under the headings of "Clinical Professor as an architect of a learning environment", "creating a supportive atmosphere", and "a holistic view of the education process and students' needs" based on the results from the interview analyses. Conclusion. Clinical educators may pay special attention to the students' needs and provide them with appropriate learning opportunities to shape their professional identity, show their respect for professional values by creating a supportive atmosphere, concentrate their attention on different human dimensions, and show their respect for the principles of conduct and professional obligations. Clinical educators, as professional advisors and role models, may have also helped the students improve their metacognitive skills and enhance their professional competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nursing interns often face the serious challenges and stress of clinical training. Identifying effective strategies in reducing medical errors can improve student performance and decrease patient risk and injury from errors. The purpose of this study was to identify strategies to prevent medical errors by nursing interns in Medical Universities in Sistan and Baluchistan, Southeast of Iran. Methods: This is a qualitative study using a content analysis approach. Purposive sampling was used. The study was conducted in 3 medical universities. Ten nursing interns participated in this study. Open-ended, semi-structured, and face-to-face, interviews were used to explore the experience of nursing interns about strategies to prevent medical errors during their internship. Results: Findings include 20 subcategories, 6 categories and one theme. The main theme is "strategies to prevent medical errors during internship". Six categories included "strategies to prevent medical errors during internship". These included "Professional acceptance and support", "Revision of the implementation of the educational curriculum", "Retraining courses for challenging skills", "Creating learning opportunities" "Professionalization", and "Facilities and requirements". Conclusions: Preventing medical errors requires different strategies before and during nursing internship. Error prevention strategies include retraining and preparatory courses for challenging areas, evaluation of students' performance, and accepting students as members of the health care team, respecting and supporting them and protecting their rights. Learning from medical errors, analysis and reflection on errors should be part of the curriculum during the internship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Students are a significant source of data for the evaluation of clinical instructors' performance. This study was undertaken with the aim of adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the Maastricht Clinical Teaching Questionnaire (MCTQ). The main objective of the researchers in this study was to evaluation the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Maastricht Clinical Training Questionnaire (P MCTQ) in Iran, considering cultural and social differences. Materials and Methods: This methodological study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 at four teaching hospitals affiliated with Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Qualitative and quantitative face and content validity, and construct validity methods were used for the validity evaluation. Stability and internal consistency methods were used, respectively, for the reliability evaluation of the questionnaire. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) stage, 264 students studying in the fields of nursing, midwifery, anesthesiology, operating room, emergency medicine, and laboratory sciences completed the P MCTQ. Results: The value of scale content validity index (0.92) is indicative of the overall content validity of the questionnaire. EFA extracted a single factor structure that could explain the overall variance of the clinical education structure at about 76.61%. The alfa and intraclass correlation values were equal to 0.98 and 0.82, respectively, indicating the excellent internal consistency and high overall stability of the questionnaire. Conclusions: The P MCTQ is a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of the teaching performance of clinical instructors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are always at risk of experiencing occupational needle stick injuries (NSIs). The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of NSIs among Iranian HCWs in military hospitals in Tehran. Design: This cross‐sectional study was conducted in four military hospitals in the summer of 2019 in Tehran. Method: By Census, 802 HCWs were included. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of vaccination history, safety equipment, use of safety box, history of NSIs and demographic variables. The logistics regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical significance level was set at 5%. The data were analysed using the SPSS software version 23. Results: A total of 203 (25.3%, CI: 22.3–28.4) of the participants reported a history of NSIs at least once during the past year. Single HCWs had a higher risk of NSIs compared to married HCWs (OR: 1.59, 95% CI (1.09, 2.30)). Also, the night shift working (OR: 1.91, 95% CI (1.18, 3.12)), higher educational degree (OR: 2.25, 95% CI (1.21, 4.20)), working overtime (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: (1.07, 2.12)), older age (OR: 1.02, 95% CI (1.01, 1.04)) and needle recapping (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: (1.98, 4.22)) were identified as significant associated factors. The study draws attention to a relatively high prevalence of NSIs as well as high‐risk activities among military HCWs. The primary source of NSIs is needle recapping. Measures such as setting up training courses for the military HCWs are needed to be planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The internship setting is a highly challenging one for nursing students, and working in such an environment requires adjustment. Knowledge of the adjustment strategies used by students enhances the body of nursing knowledge and can help nursing officials adopt appropriate decisions to strengthen the students' effective adjustment skills and increase the benefits reaped from their internship. The present study was conducted to explore the strategies used by nursing students to adjust to internship. Methods: A total of 19 senior nursing interns (7 Female, and 12 Male) were selected by purposive sampling with maximum variation from one of the nursing and midwifery schools affiliated to a large metropolitan medical university in northern Iran. Data were collected using audio-taped semi-structured face-to-face interviews over an 18-month period and were carefully transcribed and analyzed using the Graneheim & Lundman qualitative conventional content analysis approach. The researchers analyzed the data in MAXQDA 10 software. Results: Four main categories and eight subcategories emerged from the data analysis. Main categories include efforts to achieve clinical competency, efforts to be sociable or accepted, self-management and reaction to conflicts. Conclusion: All the participants attempted to attain adjustment by adopting strategies such as achieving clinical competence, trying to be sociable or accepted, self-management, and reaction to conflicts depending on the conditions of internship. Officials should help nursing students use effective strategies and achieve adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pre-hospital emergency medicine (PHEM) personnel are at risk of developing psychological disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate depression, anxiety, and stress levels of the Iranian PHEM personnel during the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 544 PHEM personnel chosen by purposive sampling in North Khorasan, Khorasan-Razavi, South Khorasan, Sistan-Baluchestan, and Kerman provinces in eastern Iran from August to September 2021. Data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire and the standardized 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using one-way analysis of variance and linear regression.Results: The mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were 8.7 ± 9.2, 7.0 ± 7.8, and 11.6 ± 9.2, respectively. Depression, stress, and anxiety were more prevalent in the age group of 41-55 years, people with master's and higher degrees, people with a history of underlying diseases, and people with over 10 years of work experience(p < 0.05). Depression and stress also showed a significant relationship with the type of employment. Stress alone was also significantly associated with working less than 35 hours a week and living separately from family(p < 0.05).Conclusions: PHEM personnel suffer from significant levels of depression, anxiety, and stress during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, in order to improve the mental condition, it is recommended that the work schedule and services provided to these people be designed in such a way that they have more time for rest and communication with their family members. The personnel should also have easier access to the expert team in the fields of counseling and psychiatry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prehospital emergency staff usually encounter patients in situations that can affect the mental health of the medical staff and cause symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. This study aimed to determine depression, anxiety, and stress in prehospital emergency personnel during the COVID-19 epidemic in Ardabil City, Iran, 2020. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to April 2020 with the participation of 138 working staff in the prehospital emergency department of Ardabil City. The samples were selected by the census method. Necessary information was collected with a two-part questionnaire: a demographic questionnaire and the DASS-21 standard questionnaire. DASS-21 is a 21-item questionnaire that consists of three subscales of 7 questions: depression, anxiety, and stress. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, and inferential analysis, including analysis of variance, independent t test, and multiple regression using SPSS software v. 22 statistical software. Results: The results showed that 45.7% of the staff had moderate depression, 44.9% moderate anxiety, and 77.5% normal stress. There was a significant relationship between work experience and stress level (P=0.03). There were significant associations between age with depression (P=0.04), anxiety (P=0.00) and stress (P=0.01). There was also a significant relationship between gender and variables of stress (P=0.00) and anxiety (P=0.01). Multiple regression results showed that gender and education variables are predictors of anxiety and stress, and age and education variables are predictors of depression (P<0.05). Conclusion: More than half of the staff had moderate to severe depression and anxiety. Considering that prehospital emergency personnel has a vital role in improving and promoting people’s health in the community, eliminating the underlying factors that cause emotional reactions in them is considered a health priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study was conducted to investigate the strategies used by visually impaired and blind people in Iran to cope with difficulty performing daily living activities. Materials & Methods This research is a qualitative study using a content analysis method. The participants were 18 visually impaired and blind people who were purposefully selected from those referred to the Visual Aid Research Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran City, Iran. A semistructured interview was first used using general questions about some daily living activities to discover the participants' experiences. Attempts were made to allow participants to express their experiences independently without the help of the interviewer. The interviews were recorded as an audio file. After the interview, the audio files were transcribed and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The key sentences were extracted from the main texts, and the strategies or concepts extracted from those sentences were identified. Common strategies were put under one category. After the data saturation, when no new concept was found in the sentences, the interviews ended. By examining similar strategies in a category, subcategories were defined, and finally, similar subcategories were placed in a more general category, and the main themes or strategies were identified. Results The Mean±SD age of the participants was 39.5±11 years, ranging from 22 to 66 years. Of 18 participants, 7 were blind, 7 had severe visual impairment, and 4 had moderate visual impairment. Their duration of blindness or visual impairment was more than five years. In terms of education, 7 had no high school diploma, and 11 had a high school diploma or higher degree. Vision loss was congenital in some subjects and acquired in others. We extracted 8 main themes or strategies used by the subjects to cope with difficulty performing daily living activities. These themes are trust in others, use of alternative senses, efficient vision care, use of technology, optimization of the living environment, avoiding a specific activity, increasing emotional intelligence, and use of intelligence and memory. Conclusion The strategies used by the visually impaired and blind people in Iran are entirely personal and innovative and play an influential role in increasing their quality of life. According to their own statements, these strategies can solve their many problems in performing daily living activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nursing education programs are designed to decrease the gap between theory and practice. It is believed that internship programs can decrease this gap. An internship program has newly been implemented in Kermanshah Nursing School. However, the efficiency of this program has not been assessed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the challenges related to the internship education of nursing students. Methods: The study was conducted as qualitative research. The participants were eight nursing students who had at least one semester of experience in internship. They were selected through purposive sampling. Data gathering was done through semi-structured interviews, which were recorded and analyzed through a three-stage content analysis approach. For data management, MAXQDA-10 was used. Results: Out of the eight participants, three were male, and all were in the final year of their education. In total, 423 primary codes emerged after analyses, which were placed in seven categories, including: education before internship, lack of support, planning difficulties, interaction with staff, invisible evaluation, welfare defects, and professional identity. Conclusion: The study revealed the challenges of the internship program for nursing students in Iran. Some of the problems were related to educational background, others were associated with the shortcomings of the cultural aspects of the context. Therefore, it is recommended to optimize the clinical training of nursing students in the internship program by addressing these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Coronary artery angiography using radial artery is one of the methods used for diagnosis of coronary artery disease, which causes physical and psychological problems in patients despite its precise and definite diagnosis. The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of peer group-based education on physical and psychological outcomes of patients undergoing coronary artery angiography through the radial artery. Methodology. The present clinical study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing coronary angiography through the radial artery in Vali-e-Asr educational hospital of Fasa during 2018 to 2019. The participants were divided into peer training and control groups (n = 30 in each group) using permutated block randomization. In the peer training group, the patients received the necessary precare training through peer training during and after angiography care. In the control group, the patients received the routine care by the nurse of the related ward. The peer group's stress, anxiety, and depression levels were evaluated before and after the training. Indeed, their comfort, tolerance, satisfaction, and pain levels were measured by a nurse after angiography at the time of entering the ward. Findings. The results indicated no significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression before the intervention (p > 0.05). After the intervention, however, there was a significant difference between the two groups concerning the mean score of anxiety (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of tolerance, comfort, satisfaction, and pain levels (p > 0.05). Finally, the level of pain decreased in both groups over time (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Peer group-based training was effective in decreasing the mean score of anxiety in the patients undergoing coronary angiography. Thus, this method is recommended to be utilized alongside other methods to train patients before coronary angiography due to its inexpensiveness and lack of side effects as well as not increasing the nurses' workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Establishing therapeutic communication with patients is considered as one of the most important duties of nursing students. Although therapeutic communication is a fundamental part of nursing education, its various attributes have not been clearly determined in nursing literature. Therefore, this qualitative study was conducted to explore therapeutic communication between patients and nursing students in the Iranian context through perceptions of nursing students, nursing instructors, and patients. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of six nursing students, six nursing instructors, and six patients as per the inclusion criteria. The data collection process continued in the field until theory saturation was reached. Data analysis was conducted by using a conventional content analysis approach over 8 months in 2016. Data analysis revealed three categories: "a measure to deliver patient-centered care," "emotional companionship," and "a phenomenon affected by values." These categories were considered as therapeutic communication defining traits. Putting more emphasis on therapeutic communication instruction and facilitating the recruitment of more men into the nursing career are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Clinical teaching is at the core of the nursing profession. However, clinical teaching may not empower students to gain clinical competency and skills. In this context, the performance of instructors is one of the main determinants of effective clinical teaching. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between nursing instructors' clinical teaching behaviors and students' learning. Methods: This descriptive, correlational study was conducted with 267 nursing students selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected using the Nursing Clinical Teacher Effectiveness Inventory, developed by Knox and Morgan. The questionnaire included two parts: the extent to which nursing instructors used teaching behaviors and the effectiveness of these behaviors on students' learning. The data were entered into the SPSS statistical software, version 19, and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed a significant positive relationship between the extent to which nursing instructors used teaching behaviors and the effectiveness of these behaviors on students' learning (P = 0.001). In terms of the utilization of teaching behaviors, the highest average rates were related to the dimensions of interpersonal relations and teaching abilities, while the lowest average rates were found for the evaluation dimension. With regard to the effectiveness of these teaching behaviors on learning, the dimensions of teaching ability and evaluation gained the highest and lowest average rates, respectively. Discussion: Instructors' capabilities have to be improved regarding the effective utilization of some behaviors related to evaluation, personal characteristics, and nursing competency. In this respect, the use of comprehensive teaching programs can be quite beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Listeria monocytogenes can be found in many processed foods, raw milk, dairy products, meat and meat products such as sausages, beef and fish products, seafoods, eggs, fruits, and vegetables such as radish and cabbage. This article is a review study on the Iranian medicinal plants applied for treatment of listeriosis. Information of this review article was obtained by searching various key words such as Listeria monocytogenes, medicinal plants, plant extracts and essential oils among scientific articles published in databases of Google scholar, ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, SID and Magiran. Thyme, German chamomile, great chamomile, yarrow, onion, oregano, nutmeg, sage, sagebrush, hyssop, rosemary, St John’s wort, safflower, ajowan, cumin, peppermint, shallot, anise, and parsnip are known antilisteriosis medicinal plants. Bioactive phytochemicals, antioxidants and monoterpenes, sesquiterpene, coumarin, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids are the main ingredients of antilisteriosis medicinal plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Patients experience moderate to high level of anxiety before cardiac catheterization. This study aimed to investigate the effect of voice of Quran on anxiety before cardiac catheterization. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria were conveniently sampled and randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, patients received 18 minutes of voice of Quran, whereas in the control group, patients had 18 minutes of rest in bed. The level of anxiety was measured immediately before, and immediately after the study using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: Before the study, there was no significant difference between the study groups in terms of the mean score of state and trait anxiety as well as the mean scores of total STAI. However, after the study, the mean scores of state and trait anxiety as well as the mean scores of total STAI in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated that the voice of Quran can significantly improve patients' anxiety before cardiac catheterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the modifiable risk factors among patient with three vessels disease (3VD) who are candidate for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methodology: This study investigated one thousand coronary patient with 3VD (660 males and 340 females) with mean age 54.8±9.01 years. Information regarding outcome variable such as demographic and coronary risk factors parameters in patients referred to Jamaran Heart Hospital were collected. We used a questionnaire for collecting data from patients and their medical records. Results: About 66% of patients were male and 34% were female. Mean age of patients' were 54.8±9.01 years. History of diabetes, Hypertension and smoking was positive in 38%, 32% and 40%, respectively. About 11% had BMI >30, 45.6% of patient had O+ (blood group), 87% of patient had total cholestrol >200, 81% had TG >200 and about 70% had LDL>100. There was statistically significant difference between sex with cigarette smoking, HTN, DM (P<0.05) and age with TG (P<0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that hyperlipidemia, diabetes and smoking are most common modifiable risk factors of CAD in tripple vessel disease. Findings of this study provide more information on the database of the risk factors among patients with progressive coronary artery disease in Iran. Therefore, applying education for changing lifestyle including smoking cessation, controlling diabetes, healthy diet and exercise is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large amount of the Iranian energy demand is related to the building sector, mainly due to its obsolescence. In this paper, a second-skin system has been implemented as a retrofit action for an office building, evaluating the effect of a tensile material as second-skin in terms of primary energy saving, carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, and simple payback period. The analysis was carried out through numerical simulations across a whole year and for four Iranian cities (Tabriz, Teheran, Yazd, and Bandar Abbas) in four different climates (cold, temperate, hot-dry, and hot-wet), and with the building aligned at either north-south or east-west. Moreover, an economic analysis was carried out suggesting different incentive policies to promote building energy refurbishment. The simulation results highlighted a favorable orientation for buildings in Iran, suggesting a guideline for new constructions. Indeed, the best results were achieved for an east-west orientation of the building (up to a primary energy saving of 13.6% and reduction of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of 45.5 MgCO2,eq, in Yazd), with a decrease of the annual specific total (cooling and thermal) energy demand of 37.9 kWh/m2/year. The simple payback period values were also lower in the east-west orientation than the north-south one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) has a rich history of human use, and the therapeutic importance of compounds produced by this species is recognized by the medical community. The active constituents of cannabis, collectively called cannabinoids, encompass hundreds of distinct molecules, the most well-characterized of which are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which have been used for centuries as recreational drugs and medicinal agents. As a first step to establish a cannabis breeding program, we initiated this study to describe the HPLC-measured quantity of THC and CBD biochemistry profiles of 161 feral pistillate cannabis plants from 20 geographical regions of Iran. Our data showed that Iran can be considered a new region of high potential for distribution of cannabis landraces with diverse THC and CBD content, predominantly falling into three groups, as Type I = THC-predominant, Type II = approximately equal proportions of THC and CBD (both CBD and THC in a ratio close to the unity), and Type III = CBD-predominant. Correlation analysis among two target cannabinoids and environmental and geographical variables indicated that both THC and CBD contents were strongly influenced by several environmental–geographical factors, such that THC and CBD contents were positively correlated with mean, min and max annual temperature and negatively correlated with latitude, elevation, and humidity. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between THC and CBD concentrations, suggesting that further studies to unravel these genotype × environment interactions (G × E interactions) are warranted. The results of this study provide important pre-breeding information on a collection of cannabis that will underpin future breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]