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The Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale (ATES) is an avalanche terrain classification system used to assess and communicate the exposure of backcountry terrain to the threat from avalanches, independent of daily hazard conditions. Commonly known as terrain ratings, these classifications are determined by an analysis of individual terrain parameters, which are then systematically combined to produce a single rating. The ATES model includes technical specifications for assessing terrain as well as corresponding communication scales for effectively sharing ratings with different kinds of backcountry users. ATES ratings are found in guidebooks and route descriptions or displayed spatially on maps. The system was originally introduced in Canada in 2004 as a risk management tool in conventional avalanche safety practices for public recreation and workplace avalanche safety. This paper introduces ATES v.2, an update to the system that expands the original scale from three levels to five by including Class 0 – Non-Avalanche Terrain, and Class 4 – Extreme Terrain. The original ATES v.1/04 and the ATES Zoning Model are merged into a single, five-level, updated version of ATES. ATES ratings can be applied as Areas, Zones, Corridors, or Routes and then communicated using models for backcountry travel and waterfall ice climbing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A safety plateau in the construction industry has been reported in the US and Canada, which has prompted researchers to seek new factors affecting construction safety performance. Tapping into advancements in the theory of human and organizational behaviors can yield valuable new perspectives. Therefore, by leveraging the advancement of the Job Demand Control Support model in the field of occupational safety and health, this paper firstly tested the impact of one newly added hindrance stressor (i.e., interpersonal conflicts on construction sites) by researchers on organizational behaviors on the safety performance of construction workers, based on two cross-sectional studies in the US and Canada. Differentiations were made between conflicts with supervisors and conflicts with coworkers. One personal resource factor, i.e., individual resilience, was also considered in this paper. A "causal" chain that shows the mitigation impact of individual resilience on conflicts with supervisors or coworkers, and the adverse impact of conflicts with supervisors or coworkers, on unsafe events were found to hold true for both US and Canadian construction sites, based on the results from measurement invariance tests and structural equation modelling. Recommendations regarding how to improve construction workers' individual resilience and reduce interpersonal conflicts on site, thereby reducing safety incidents on site, are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme heat events directly impact worker health and cause additional cascading and transitional workplace impacts. However, current investigations on these impacts often rely on specific datasets (e.g., compensation claims, hospitalizations). Thus, to continue to work towards preventing and mitigating the occupational risks posed by extreme heat events, this study aimed to explore the occupational impacts of the 2021 Heat Dome in Canada using a qualitative content analysis method on a news-based dataset. A systematized review of news articles published before, during, and after the 2021 Heat Dome was conducted on academic (n = 8) and news (n = 5) databases, along with targeted grey literature. Two researchers qualitatively coded the articles in NVivo for occupational impacts or references mentioned within the articles. Overall, 52 different occupations were identified as being impacted by the 2021 Heat Dome. Impacts were diverse and ranged from work cancellations or delays to work modifications and reports of heat-related illnesses. The 2021 Heat Dome impacted the health and safety of many occupational groups and provided new insights into the expanding impacts that extreme heat events can have on the Canadian workforce. With climate projections showing a growing trend of more hot days and intense heat waves in Canada, addressing these concerns should be a critical priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endoscopic percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) is a safe technique that is performed frequently by otolaryngologists and intensivists. New challenges have been identified in order to maintain the safety of this procedure during the COVID-19 pandemic. A novel approach, using a modified demistifier canopy, was developed during the first wave of the pandemic and implemented for 17 consecutive percutaneous tracheostomies in order to enhance procedural safety. Methods: A protocol was developed after performing a literature review of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients. A multidisciplinary tracheostomy team was established, including the departments of otolaryngology, critical care, and respiratory therapy. Simulation was performed prior to each PT, and postoperative debriefings were done. Results: A protocol and technical description of PT using a modified demistifier canopy covering was written and video documented. Data were collected on 17 patients who underwent this procedure safely in our tertiary care hospital. There were no procedure-related complications, and no evidence of COVID-19 transmission to any member of the health care team during the study period. Conclusion: As patients continue to recover from COVID-19, their need for tracheostomy will increase. The technique described provides a safe, multidisciplinary method of performing PT in COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Political Science Review is the property of Canadian Political Science Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Nurses working in critical care environments have experienced a great deal of psychological stress during the successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying factors that contribute to burnout and turnover intentions are important to retain intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors that are directly and indirectly associated with burnout and turnover intentions in ICU nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used with survey data during the peak of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through an online survey and analyzed using mediation analysis. A total of 236 ICU nurses across Canada participated in the study. Results: The results indicate that burnout mediates the relationship between moral distress, organizational support, resilience, and turnover intentions. Moreover, 49% of the participants were considering leaving. The reasons were related to lack of administrative support, poor work environment and safety concerns. Discussion: Organizational support and individual resilience can both play a role in turnover intentions through the prevention of burnout symptoms. Managers at all levels play an important role in mitigating the harmful effects of the pandemic. Conclusion: The pandemic has had a serious psychological impact on ICU nurses. Targeted interventions are needed to support this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an ongoing threat to the mental wellbeing of countless individuals worldwide, with healthcare workers at particularly high risk. We developed the STEADY staff wellness program prior to the pandemic based on the available literature and input from stakeholders, guided by the Knowledge-to-Action (KTA) Implementation Science Framework. We quickly adapted the STEADY program for implementation in selected high-need units within Canada's largest trauma hospital during the pandemic's first wave. This brief report describes implementation of the STEADY program, retroactively applying the structure of the Knowledge-to-Action Implementation Science Framework to the practical steps taken. We identified the importance of more frequent, shorter contact with HCWs that occurred in-person, with an emphasis on peer support. A flexible approach with strong support from hospital leadership were key facilitators. Our findings suggest that a flexible approach to practical program implementation, theoretically underpinned in best-practices, can result in an acceptable program that promotes increased HCW wellbeing during a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses are key healthcare workers whose adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is integral to the prevention of nosocomial spread of SARS-COV-2. Institutional trust is an important correlate of adherence. After initially surveying nurses early in 2020, we sought to evaluate how perceptions of IPC measures and institutional trust changed one year into the pandemic. Methods: We adapted an internationally distributed cross-sectional questionnaire, incorporating validated scales for items including institutional trust, and distributed it by email and Slack via the Canadian Association of Critical Care Nurses between April 29 and May 28, 2021. We evaluated adherence to IPC protocols, barriers and facilitators to IPC guideline adherence, and respondents’ level of institutitonal trust and compared results across the two time periods. Results: 141 nurses responded to the survey. In 2021, respondents reported lower rates of fear of becoming ill and providing care for patients with COVID-19 (T = 3.83, p = < 0.001). They reported higher levels of skill (T = 3.57, p < 0.001) and continued to report similarly high levels of professional expectations compared to 2020 (T = 0.85, p = 0.39). However, institutional trust dropped in 2021 (T = 4.31, p < 0.001), particularly in national and regional governmental trust. Interpretation: Respondents demonstrated less trust in national and regional governments compared to respondents in 2020, although they reported less overall concern for themselves and their families, and higher skills and knowledge around IPC procedures. Canadian nurses continue to have strong beliefs in the utility of PPE and IPC procedures, and strong social and professional expectations to adhere to IPC measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nearly a quarter-million people work in universities in Canada, making it one of the fastest-growing sectors. Although each university provides occupational health and safety services and training programmes to their employees, there have been no studies conducted on the impact of such programmes on employees- knowledge, attitude and behaviour. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dissemination of information of workplace health and safety programmes to workers at a Canadian university. Methods: The study compared two cross-sectional online surveys of employees of a Canadian university regarding workplace health and safety with a previously conducted cross-sectional study and thematic analysis of key informant interviews to address the issues raised in the surveys. Results: Participation in health and safety presentations could enhance understanding and practices of safety. Age, employment status and duration of employment were associated with the levels of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of employees and graduate students. The key informant interviews highlighted some new initiatives such as the establishment of workplace health and safety committees in all university buildings; the development of a safety app and health and safety management system; routine annual inspections of all university building offices and laboratories; new orientation for undergraduate students where general safety rules are described. Discussion: University should have regular presentations on the available health and safety programmes and should increase the number of safety training programmes and keep track of the employees that have not received any training, particularly for those working in hazardous environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report describes updates to the National Safety Council's Alcohol, Drugs and Impairment Division's recommendations for drug testing in driving under the influence of drug (DUID) cases and motor vehicle fatalities. The updates are based on a survey of drug testing practices in laboratories in the USA and Canada, a comprehensive review of the prior recommendations and data and research on drugs most frequently detected in DUID cases. A consensus meeting was held with representative forensic science practitioners and the authors of this report to update recommendations. No changes were made to the Tier I scope; however, there were changes to cutoffs of some analytes for blood, urine and oral fluid. Due to increased prevalence in DUID cases, trazodone and difluoroethane were added to the Tier II scope. For clarification, Tier I cutoffs reflect free concentrations, and hydrolysis is recommended but not required. The consensus panel concluded that urine is an inferior matrix to blood and oral fluid as it may represent historical use or exposure unrelated to observed impairment; therefore, future iterations of these recommendations will not include urine as a recommended matrix. Laboratories currently testing urine should work with traffic safety partners to encourage the use of blood and oral fluid as more appropriate specimens and adjust their capabilities to provide that testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, breast imaging must be performed using safe practices. Balancing the need to avoid delays in the diagnosis of breast cancer while avoiding infection requires careful attention to personal protective equipment and physical distancing and vigilance to maintain these practices. The Canadian Society of Breast Imaging/Canadian Association of Radiologists guideline for breast imaging during COVID-19 is provided based on priority according to risk of breast cancer and impact of delaying treatment. A review of the best practices is presented that allow breast imaging during COVID-19 to maximize protection of patients, technologists, residents, fellows, and radiologists and minimize spread of the infection. The collateral damage of delaying diagnosis of breast cancer due to COVID-19 should be avoided when possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The National Standard of Canada for Psychological Health and Safety in the Workplace (the Standard) was released in 2013. The objectives of this study were to 1) estimate the proportion of Canadian employers who were aware of the Standard, 2) examine the extent to which the Standard has been implemented, and 3) describe perceived barriers to implementing the Standard in Canadian organizations.Methods: A cross-sectional survey in Canadian employers was conducted between February 2015 and January 2017. A random sample of Canadian employers was selected, and the individuals who were knowledgeable about the occupational health policies of the organizations were interviewed by telephone. The participants answered questions about the awareness, implementation, perceived effects, and barriers to implementation. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to characterize the results.Results: A total of 1010 companies participated in the study. Overall, 17.0% reported that they were aware of the Standard; 1.7% and 20.3% reported that their organizations had implemented the entirety or elements of the Standard, respectively; and 71.4% of participants believed that elements of the Standard would be implemented within the next year. The perceived effects associated with implementation of the Standard included increased job satisfaction and employee retention while the greatest barrier to implementing the Standard was the belief that psychological health and safety are irrelevant in the workplace.Conclusions: Many Canadian employers are still unaware of the Standard's existence; however, most Canadian employers are positively inclined toward the Standard in its potential to help employee productivity and job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of fire safety engineering (FSE) is to design a strategy that meets human safety and property protection goals with an optimized solution. In comparison to international practice, Canada could be considered highly underdeveloped in a technical perspective of performance versus prescription. In Canada, FSE is a subdivision within civil and mechanical engineering, rather than treated as a profession in and of itself. With a requirement for more complex infrastructure to meet Canadian societal needs, there is stimulus that is fostering a demand to create professionals educated with FSE skill sets. This literary study therefore aims to present a state-of-the-art review of the design practice of FSE in Canada and abroad with explicit focus on performance-based fire design for the Canadian practitioner who seeks to develop their expertise in this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite legal protections for young workers in Canada, youth aged 15-24 are at high risk of traumatic occupational injury. While many injury prevention initiatives targeting young workers exist, the challenge faced by youth advocates and employers is deciding what aspect(s) of prevention will be the most effective focus for their efforts. A review of the academic and grey literatures was undertaken to compile the metrics--both the indicators being evaluated and the methods of measurement--commonly used to assess injury prevention programs for young workers. Metrics are standards of measurement through which efficiency, performance, progress, or quality of a plan, process, or product can be assessed. Methods: A PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) framework was used to develop search terms. Medline, PubMed, OVID, EMBASE, CCOHS, PsychINFO, CINAHL, NIOSHTIC, Google Scholar and the grey literature were searched for articles in English, published between 1975-2015. Two independent reviewers screened the resulting list and categorized the metrics in three domains of injury prevention: Education, Environment and Enforcement. Results: Of 174 acquired articles meeting the inclusion criteria, 21 both described and assessed an intervention. Half were educational in nature (N=11). Commonly assessed metrics included: knowledge, perceptions, self-reported behaviours or intentions, hazardous exposures, injury claims, and injury counts. One study outlined a method for developing metrics to predict injury rates. Conclusion: Metrics specific to the evaluation of young worker injury prevention programs are needed, as current metrics are insufficient to predict reduced injuries following program implementation. One study, which the review brought to light, could be an appropriate model for future research to develop valid leading metrics specific to young workers, and then apply these metrics to injury prevention programs for youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the professional practices of a sample of 21 Canadian ergonomists from across Canada, focussing on the manner in which they report negotiating the intersection of safety and productivity in their work. Results indicate that ergonomic practice is directed primarily to safety concerns. A minority of study participants addressed productivity concerns, either as secondary or primary outcomes of ergonomic applications. In either instance, efforts to highlight the contribution of ergonomics to production did not significantly disrupt the dominant safety oriented perception of the field. Financial considerations were major determinants of whether recommendations were implemented. An irony of the dominant understanding of ergonomics as oriented to safety, with little reference to performance aspects, is that this provides the main basis for its growing presence in workplaces but also limits its applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars and practitioners from multiple perspectives, including developmental science, sociology, business, medicine, and public health, have considered the implications of employment for young people. We summarize a series of meetings designed to synthesize information from these perspectives and derive recommendations to guide research, practice, and policy with a focus on young worker safety and health. During the first three meetings, participants from the United States and Canada considered invited white papers addressing developmental issues, public health data and findings, as well as programmatic advances and evaluation needs. At the final meeting, the participants recommended both research and policy directions to advance understanding and improve young worker safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the rhetoric and reality of the nuclear energy sector in Ontario, Canada. Specifically, we use discourse-analysis of self-representations and public reports to examine strategies employed by the sector to increase trust and public confidence in order to receive 'social license'. We postulate that the sector's ability to characterize itself as highly reliable, socially responsible, transparent and trustworthy is important for this endeavor. Our analysis shows that although there have been significant changes in self-representation, transparency and outreach, uncertainties remain in regard to disclosure and openness on safety issues as bases of community trust and complete independence of the regulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The message content of automotive advertising was examined to determine whether automotive advertising is meeting the needs of its stakeholders, and whether there is a need for it to become more highly regulated. A content analysis of 200 Canadian television and print advertisements revealed that 18 percent of ads demonstrate unsafe or aggressive driving, while 25 percent of ads feature safety mentions. Television ads are substantially more likely than print ads to feature unsafe or aggressive driving (27 percent vs. 10 percent, respectively), while TV ads are less likely than print ads to mention safety (21 percent vs. 29 percent, respectively). With nearly $550 million spent annually on Canadian automotive advertising, either industry self-regulation or government-imposed regulation may be needed in order to reduce advertising depictions of unsafe driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace safety is undergoing a process of 'responsibilization'. While employers have traditionally been the target of health and safety law, workers are increasingly assigned greater responsibility for their own safety at work and are held accountable, judged, and sanctioned through this lens. This is illustrated through an analysis of the rationales and mentalities of a new ticketing regulatory system in Canada whereby workers are targeted for sanctions and blamed for health and safety violations. Under the responsibilization strategy of health and safety, workers are not only re-defined as both potential victims and offenders but they also find themselves forced to adapt a rights-defined identity. This is a significant albeit subtle shift that paves the way for a host of new projects that strive to reveal the discourses and techniques that define and characterize individual responsibilization in health and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We briefly present a software methodology for safety-critical software, developed over many years to cope with industrial safety-critical applications in the Canadian nuclear industry. Following this we present discussion on software tools that have been used to support this methodology, and software tools that could be used, but have not been used for a variety of reasons. Based on our experience, we also present and motivate a list of high-level requirements for tools that would facilitate the development of safety-critical software using the presented methods, together with a small number of tools that we believe are worth developing in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of rising disaster losses in recent years and predictions of a more hazardous natural environment in the future, many countries around the world are revising their policies for disaster management to incorporate a stronger emphasis on disaster mitigation and risk reduction. In this paper, we argue that Canada has not sufficiently integrated mitigation into disaster management and we discuss several barriers that impede progress in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use Canadian data from 1970 to 1994 to examine the substitution that can occur between social insurance programs that support disabled persons. We obtain our estimates using an instrumental variable estimator. We find that workers' compensation program policy variables have significant effects on the growth of the Canada/Quebec Pension Plan disability program. Similarly, most of the estimates on the welfare program policy variables also indicate a significant impact on the C/QPP disability program. We conclude the paper by discussing the implications of our estimates for disability policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Examines whether emergency departments in Canadian hospitals should offer postexposure prophylaxis for non-occupational exposure to HIV. Uncertainties concerning the requirement for physicians to provide antiretroviral medications in an emergency setting; Risks of HIV transmission; Implications on emergency medicine and hospital management.

The article presents the author's views on the safety concerns of abortion workers in Canada. According to the author, the cultural ambivalence surrounding the profession of abortion work makes it difficult to position issues encountered by abortion workers in relation to workplace safety. The author opines that it is not easy to apply pre-existing concepts of workplace safety to the profession of abortion work.

In this article, we measure the impact of on-site safety inspections on the frequency of work-related injury and death in the Alberta construction sector, 1987–92. The data are disaggregated by subindustry allowing different risk levels to be associated with different work activities. In our sample, there is a dramatic decrease in inspection activity which allows us to assess the necessity for continuing with current levels of inspection effort. We find that on-site safety inspections have no effect on the risk of accident and injury but do have a positive effect in reducing the number of work-related fatalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article compares and describes the main contours of U.S. and Canadian workplace health and safety policy. The Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act of 1970 is the federal law which governs workplace safety and health in the U.S. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires recording of all injuries beyond first-aid cases occurring at the workplace. In contrast to OSHA, the Canadian program depends significantly more upon cooperation and consensus. Health and joint safety committees are Canada's important institutions for workplace safety and health. Government encourages private resolution of health and safety concerns through technical advice and support to employers and workers.

In a lumber mill in the northern inland region of British Columbia, Canada, we measured inhalable particulate, resin acid, and monoterpene exposures, and estimated wood dust exposures. Potential determinants of exposure were documented concurrently, including weather conditions, tree species, wood conditions, jobs, tasks, equipment used, and certain control measures. Over 220 personal samples were taken for each contaminant. Geometric mean concentrations were 0.98mg/m3 for inhalable particulate, 0.49mg/m3 for estimated wood dust, 8.04μg/m3 for total resin acids, and 1.11mg/m3 for total monoterpenes. Multiple regression models for all contaminants indicated that spruce and pine produced higher exposures than alpine fir or mixed tree species, cleaning up sawdust increased exposures, and personnel enclosure was an effective means of reducing exposures. Sawing wood in the primary breakdown areas of the mill was the main contributor to monoterpene exposures, so exposures were highest for the barker operator, the head rig operator, the canter operator, the board edgers, and a roving utility worker in the sawmill, and lowest in the planer mills (after kiln drying of the lumber) and yard. Cleaning up sawdust, planing kiln-dried lumber, and driving mobile equipment in the yard substantially increased exposures to both inhalable particulate and estimated wood dust. Jobs at the front end of the sawmill where primary breakdown of the logs takes place had lower exposures. Resin acid exposures followed a similar pattern, except that yard driving jobs did not increase exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Over the past decade worker-controlled occupational health centers have been established in three Canadian provinces. This development has been a response to the slowness in recognizing occupational medicine in the Canadian medical community, the limited availability and questionable acceptability of existing services, as well as the growth of worker control in occupational health matters generally. The history, funding, organizational structure, personnel, resources, and programs of these worker-controlled centers are outlined, illustrating the extensive programs that can be provided despite small budgets of these operations. Advantages to workers include direct access to resources as well as expert professional advice with the focus on work place hazards. Furthermore, the centers provide for extensive interaction among workers on their common concerns. Disadvantages of the model include restricted access to work places associated with frequent distrust of employers. Employer-based and university-based models are compared to worker-controlled centers, and it is suggested that the latter may influence the pattern of practice of occupational health as well as the ability of workers and their unions to promote improved occupational health and safety conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a cost-benefit analysis for preventing accidents in the workplace in Quebec, Canada. Increase of the compensation paid to occupational-accident victims between 1981 and 1993; How to reduce the costs of occupational accidents; Reference to previous studies on occupational accidents by performing cost-benefit analysis.

Increased public awareness of the possible presence of carcinogens and other potentially harmful agents in the workplace and in others areas of the environment has created a demand for studies to determine the extent of the risks associated with exposure to such agents. These studies require large numbers of individuals in various "exposed" and "control" populations to be followed-up over long periods of time. Such large-scale follow-up can be greatly facilitated where information on all deaths and on cases of serious morbidity is accumulated centrally, for a whole country, in a form that permits rapid searching by computer and in which individuals are well enough identified to minimize the possibility of mistaken identity. The Canadian Mortality Data Base and the National Cancer Incidence Reporting System are two such centralized follow-up facilities which have been developed in Canada. We describe here the manner in which these files are used, the problems encountered and their solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism and delivery of occupational health and safety programmes in Canada has undergone rapid changes since the early 1970s. This paper briefly reviews the provision of occupational health and safety before 1970, discusses its development since then and highlights some important initiatives and trends up to present, in general in Canada and in particular in the province of Ontario. Copyright © 1996 British Occupational Hygiene Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the deepening and widening of existing worker rights in work environment issues is a necessary condition to promote much needed reform in present day industry, and to reduce the frequency and severity rate of accidents and incidence of industrial disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract--This paper is the first study investigating wage-risk relationships for both fatal and non-fatal work-related accidents on the basis of a large occupational data bank. Risk variables cover the whole array of potential configurations found in the literature, while based on the compensated accidents over a four-year period for the province of Quebec. We first estimated the model using the standard techniques developed by previous researchers and then submitted our initial results to additional tests that, in the past, had disturbing effects. It became apparent, however, that in all but one case the results remained positive and significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on changes in labor laws in Canada. It mentions that the Job Protection Act amends the Employment Standards Act by creating the obligation to give notice in the event of collective dismissals. It also mentions about the Occupational Health and Safety Act which exempts all classes of workplaces from the requirement set out in section 8(5f) of the act for the purpose of the occupational health and safety.

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers insight to changes in Canada labour law. It mentions that amendments to labor law of the country include Occupational Health and Safety Act, Designated Substance Asbestos on Construction Projects and in Buildings and Repair Operations, and The SGEU Dispute Settlement Act, and Public Service Act.

The article offers insight to into the changes in Labor Laws in Canada. It mentions that amendments to Labor Laws in Canada include School Amendment Act, 1985; Occupational Health and Safety Council Act; and Workers' Compensation Amendment Act, 1984 which includes medical examinations, the board of directors, access to records and the appeal tribunal.

This paper is a first effort to investigate the overall effectiveness of policies adopted by a Canadian hoard dealing with occupational safety and health (OSH) in improving workplace health and safety. More specifically, considering all the most important aspects of government intervention in OSH (accident prevention, experience rating and compensation), the paper analyzes the performance of the Quebec OSH board in reducing the frequency and the severity of workplace accidents during the period 1983-87. The results show that, at best, certain measures adopted by the Quebec OSH board led to a minor reduction in the frequency of accidents during the period under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined associations between workforce demographics and job characteristics, grouped by industrial sector, and declines in workers' compensation claim rates in Ontario, Canada, between 1990 and 2003. Gender, age, occupation, and job tenure were predictors for claim rates in 12 industrial sectors. The decline in claims was significantly associated with a decline in the proportion of employment in occupations with high physical demands. These findings should generate interest in economic incentives and regulatory policies designed to encourage investment in safer production processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers insight to changes in Labor Laws in Canada from February 1, 1982 to March 31, 1982. It mentions amendments to Labor Laws in the country include Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Act; and Proclamation of An Act to Amend the Civil Service Act, Bill 22; and Labor Adjustment Benefits Act, Bill C-78.