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The objective of the study is to elucidate the impact of a vigorous board on the performance of firms. The contributive concept of vigorous board has been formulated through data employment analysis while contemplating the seven attributes such as board meetings, non-duality, number of external directors, number of supervisors, audit committee member, the presence of female among board members, and incumbent CEO education. Significantly, the data of Romanian manufacturing firms have been accumulated for the years 2009–2019. To contemplate with deep insight, the moderating impact of environmental disclosure, environmental performance, green innovation, and innovation output has been accentuated for firm performance. Empirical underpinnings signify that environmental performance and green innovation are the catalytic moderators for escalating the firms' performance under the aegis of vigorous board. Furthermore, environmental disclosure also increases the growth of Romanian companies, while innovation output remains stagnant. Under the aegis of upper echelon theory, theoretical contribution has been signified while emphasizing on environmental situation of Romanian firms. Remarkably, the moment quantile regression method demonstrates the long-term and short-term influence of the vigorous board, the size of the firms and the total sales, while the leverage and age of the CEO mitigate the firm performance in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning is the key for people to become different, have an identity and expand their creativity and dedication. That is also the key for a business to continuously grow in capacity, contributing to the overall development of the organization. The goal of this article is to explore the impact of organizational learning and organizational agility on innovation performance. Create cutting-edge solutions and improve corporate innovation performance by enhancing organizational learning and organizational agility across the business. In particular, businesses need to transform strongly to promptly adapt to market changes. The article uses quantitative research methods with the sample size of 295 enterprises in Vietnam. The results show that organizational learning and the general aspect of organizational agility measured in the study: sensing agility and responding agility have a positive impact on innovation performance. Thereby, suggestions to improve organizational agility and innovation performance basing on enhancing the positive impact of organizational learning are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate attributes has been identified as one of the main factors that influence company’s growth. In line with this statement, this research work investigated the effect of corporate attributes on sustainable growth of listed conglomerate companies in Nigeria for the period of twenty-three years, 2000 to 2022. Secondary data acquired from annual report and accounts of sampled firms were used. Data obtained were subjected to analysis using descriptive, correlation and fixed effect regression technique. Results of fixed effect technique revealed that corporate attributes of profitability, assets efficiency, firm size and innovation of conglomerate companies in Nigeria have positive and substantial impact on their sustainable growth. Firm age and managerial ownership have favourable but frivolous effect on sustainable growth. Furthermore, the results also indicated that together as a whole all the corporate attributes examined by this research work has strong and important influence on sustainable growth of quoted conglomerate companies in Nigeria. It was recommends that management of quoted conglomerate companies in Nigeria should continue to sustain and further improve their corporate attributes that have positive and significant influence on their sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study provides an in-depth analysis of employment trends within the European Union's meat processing industry over a ten-year period, from 2011 to 2020. It specifically focuses on companies across various employee size categories, emphasizing Romania's position within these dynamics. The research employs comprehensive data from Eurostat, assessing changes in the labour force across different company sizes and countries. The study uncovers notable variances in labour force evolution, reflecting the distinct impacts of economic conditions, industry-specific factors, and regulatory frameworks in each nation. Germany exhibited a significant rise in its labour force in larger companies, while Spain showed the highest growth rate, more than doubling its labour force in this sector. Contrarily, Poland experienced a minor decrease, illustrating a different trend. Italy and Romania both marked considerable growths, with Romania demonstrating notable progress, particularly in larger companies. These findings highlight the multifaceted nature of labour dynamics in the EU meat processing industry, influenced by a complex interplay of market demand, technological advancements, and economic policies. The study underscores the sector's essential role in the EU's economy and the need for adaptable labour force strategies in response to changing industry landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern business world, where hybrid business processes are widespread, effective resource and operations management defines the success of companies. One of the most critical areas is logistics, which is a critical component for many organizations, regardless of size or industry. The management of logistics processes is becoming more complex every year, as the demands on the industry are becoming more complicated and today consists not only of efficiency issues but also of environmental friendliness, and globalization. In this situation, RPA technology is one of the main solutions, enabling companies to achieve new levels of efficiency, accuracy, and speed in managing warehouse processes. In this article, we will consider modern approaches to managing hybrid business processes using the example of warehouses and explore how RPA technology has become the main optimization tool. The paper observes specific examples of the use of RPA in the context of warehouse management, identifies the benefits and risks associated with automation, and defines the development prospects and future of this innovative technology in logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of long-term incentives for CEOs in promoting innovation in firms. CEOs are less likely to take risks due to their less diversified wealth portfolios compared to stockholders. Long-term incentives, such as stock ownership and stock option pay, provide a financial reward for taking risks that could pay off in the future and encourage CEOs to invest in riskier innovation, such as exploration. The study also examines the moderating effects of organizational characteristics, such as firm size and slack resources, and external environment, such as competitive intensity, on the relationship between long-term incentives for CEOs and exploration. The results suggest that long-term focus incentives for CEOs can positively influence exploration efforts within a firm. In addition, we found that firm size and slack resources positively moderate the relationship between long-term incentives for CEOs and exploration and competitive intensity negatively moderates such relationship. This study helps managers understand the conditions when long-term incentives become stronger or weaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of green finance and the promotion of green transformation and upgrading of high energy-consuming enterprises are of great significance for China to achieve the "double carbon" goal. This paper employs a dual fixed-effects model to examine the profound ramifications and intrinsic mechanisms of green finance development on the transformative innovation of high-energy-consumption enterprises, using a sample of 462 publicly traded high-energy-consuming corporations from the period spanning 2016 to 2020. The results show that the development of green finance promotes the transformation and innovation of energy-intensive enterprises and that market-incentivized environmental regulation plays a partially mediating role; the results of heterogeneity analysis show that green finance promotes the transformation and innovation of high energy-consuming enterprises with significant differences in different low-carbon pilot regions, company ownership, and enterprise size; the mechanism analysis shows that the development of green finance can increase government subsidies and alleviate financing constraints to promote the transformation and innovation of high energy-consuming enterprises; it is also found that the development of green finance can significantly improve the financial performance of enterprises. The research findings of this paper hold significant implications for promoting the sustainable development of green finance and high-energy consumption enterprises in China. They provide valuable insights and references for facilitating the green transformation and innovation of high-energy-consuming enterprises in China as well as other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovation is garnering increasing attention in business, academic and policy circles as a route to sustainable growth and development. Governments have introduced a range of policies to encourage and enable firms to introduce and expand their offerings of environmental friendly goods and services. While environmental regulation has been shown to be an important driver of green innovation, little is known about whether other types of polices, such as financial incentives, technical and marketing supports, and assistance with identifying potential markets, are important to firms of all sizes at different stages of the green innovation process (i.e., at product/service launch vs. product/service expansion). Using data from the European Commission, the results show that policy support to identify markets or customers is deemed important by firms of all sizes to introduce green goods and services. However, this support is no longer perceived as important to expand firms' green portfolio. This suggests firms capitalise by using their existing markets or customers. The results do not lend support to the view of small firms as the most resource constrained and hence needing the greatest policy supports. Overall, the results point to the need for a variety of policy supports targeted at (1) firms of different sizes and (2) by stage of the green innovation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changing environment brings new challenges to businesses, while the development of ICT and digital innovations offer new opportunities for growth. The purpose of the article is to determine whether high uncertainty conditions in the environment make it difficult for companies to undertake innovative actions and whether companies change their innovation strategies. The situation of high environmental uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) was adopted. The conducted research confirmed changes in digital innovation strategies in the majority of cases studied. The research showed that the tendency of companies to change their innovation strategy depends on the size of the company and the type of activity, but not on the years of operation and market scope. It was found that the innovation strategies of most companies were based on the use of modern information technologies. In this case, there is a correlation with the size of the company and market reach. The influence of variables such as the length of the company's presence on the market and the type of business activity was not confirmed. The most commonly implemented digital innovations were related to internet technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past several decades, the global economy has undergone a significant transformation, primarily driven by advancements in automation and robotics. This paper aims to examine recent progress in manufacturing automation and shed light on potential challenges that contribute to the observed disparities in automation adoption. Despite the limitations imposed by a lack of comprehensive statistical data, this analysis has yielded several significant insights. These include insufficient investment in automation, variations in enterprise size structure, and ongoing disparities in labor costs and productivity. Of these factors, the latter appears to be the primary obstacle to rapid industrial automation, as it encourages the reshoring of manufacturing operations to home countries and offshoring to medium- and low-income economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce platforms enable companies of all sizes to sell their items and promote their brand to a broader audience. The e-commerce sector is continually developing, as new technology and methods of purchasing and selling services and items are developed. The traditional e-commerce system is plagued with problems, such as payment disputes, chargebacks, fraud, and a lack of transparency; however, blockchain can transform e-commerce by making transactions more efficient and safer. Blockchain can be used to build a decentralized network that allows people to securely store and share digital assets. This would enable buyers to access product details such as the product's origin and source, as well as reduce the risk of fraud. Although the application of blockchain in e-commerce remains in its early stages, this review paper examines research on blockchain-based e-commerce, focusing on applicability and problems in the context of the available literature from 2017 through 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyse how firms combining the use of all types of innovation during a certain period differ from other firms. Zhang (2022) argues that side-by-side innovation practices are understudied in the innovation literature. The paper is based on the OECD typology of innovation (product, process, marketing and organisational). This study offers a new and timely perspective on the innovation literature by examining firms' side-by-side innovation practices, which are understudied in the innovation literature. The paper is based on data from 387 Finnish SMEs and analyses the factors related to the innovativeness of SMEs. The research provides comprehensive information on how different factors contribute to the emergence of SME innovation practices and create competitive combinations of their resources in the form of side-by-side implementation of different types of innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research addresses the factors that impact the acceptance of AI-based technologies or products depending upon firm size in the construction industry, in which various corporates exist. In order to achieve the research goals, a technology acceptance model was applied to investigate the influencing factors in respect to adopting AI-based technologies or products. From the research results, technological and organizational factors were found to positively influence perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Corporate users perceived that technology is useful to their work and is easy to use when enough capital and education were invested prior to the company adopting AI-based technologies or products. It was found that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness indicate satisfaction with new technology, and the higher the intention to use, the higher the satisfaction. In addition, as various information sharing and distribution channels increase, the frequency of use of new technologies or products also increases, not through traditional marketing, but through viral marketing via social media or promotion by influential persons or organizations. Furthermore, there are differences in the adoption of AI-based technologies or products depending on the size of the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to study the impact of the Ambient Air Quality Standard (2012) on the green innovation of Chinese firms in polluting industries. The analysis features "leverage effect" of Porter Hypothesis imposed by environmental regulations and exploits exogenous variations caused by the promulgation of the new policy. Based on the exogenous variations, this paper uses the time varying PSM-DID method. The findings of this study suggest that the implementation of the new policy improves firms' green innovation. Increments in R&D investment and environmental protection investment are channels through which the new standard positively affects firms' green innovation. The cross-sectional heterogeneity analysis exhibits that the effect of this environmental regulation is stronger for firms with bigger size and lower financial constraints. The contribution and significance of this study are as follows: our study enriches understanding of the impact of environmental regulation on firms' green innovation by empirically confirming the influencing channels of the impact of environmental regulations on green innovation. In addition, this paper contributes to the firms' green innovation literature by empirically validating the role of corporate characteristics in moderating the effect of environmental regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interplay between labour institutions and firm‐level adoption of new technologies such as robotics and other advanced digital tools remains poorly understood. Using a cross‐sectional sample of more than 20,000 European establishments, we document a positive association between shop‐floor employee representation (ER) and utilization of emerging technologies. We explore mechanisms driving this correlation by exploiting rich information on the role played by ER in relation to well‐defined decision areas of management, such as work organization, dismissals, training and working time. In addition, we conduct a quantitative case study using a panel of Italian firms and exploiting size‐contingent policy rules governing the operation of ER bodies in the context of a local‐randomization regression discontinuity design. The analysis suggests a positive effect of ER on investments in advanced technologies around the firm size cut‐off, although results are sensitive to type of technology and specification choices. We also document positive effects on training and process innovation, and no evidence of changes in composition of employment. Our findings cast doubt on the idea that ER discourages technology adoption. Rather, ER seems to influence workplace practices that enhance the complementarity between labour and new advanced technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation has profoundly influenced various socio-economic fields and induced retailing firms to utilize digital innovations to maximize business effectiveness in the digital era. The study aims to pinpoint the motivations for online retailing (ORE) adoption and business performance among Vietnamese businesses in the formative digital transformation stage within an extended technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. The questionnaire-based data are accumulated for this study. Firm respondents are those who have used and increased their familiarity with ORE in Vietnam. All analysis is performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results posit that important factors of technological context (i.e., relative advantage, compatibility, and observability), organizational context (i.e., top management support, entrepreneurial orientation, and technological orientation), and the environmental context (i.e., perceived trend, government support, and legal framework) substantially boost ORE adoption. Additionally, firm age is an essential control variable that strongly influences firms' engagement in ORE. Unexpectedly, firm size, competitive pressure, and control variable (i.e., number of employees) do not significantly affect ORE adoption. Besides, ORE adoption serves as an underlying motivation for business performance. Ultimately, theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crude palm oil (CPO) is a valuable commodity for Indonesia's economy as the country has become the world's biggest producer and exporter. Therefore, maintaining productivity in the CPO industry is crucial to ensure that the global demand is met. This study aims to examine Indonesian CPO productivity and its components using total factor productivity growth (TFPg) with stochastic frontier analysis. This study analyzes the variation in the TFPg across years, locations, and firm sizes. The first two analyses imply that, on average, the CPO industry's productivity declines annually, with firms in 20 provinces experiencing negative TFPg. Regarding size, the analysis demonstrates that the technical efficiency change (TEC) and technical change (TC) have regressed the TFPg in all scale firms. However, medium firms saw a smaller decline in comparison to large firms. Conversely, large firms possess slightly better scale efficiency change (SEC) than medium firms, although both types attain a negative SEC. The findings also show that the main factor contributing to the gain or decline in productivity is TC, which suggests the urgency of innovative technology in the CPO industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyze firm-specific deterrents of innovation in Bahirdar city MSEs in Ethiopia. In order to attain the objective of the study, both descriptive and explanatory research method is used. In this paper, the data were drawn from 310 MSEs firms which were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics which include mean, standard deviation, and binary logistic regression model. From the model summary, independent variables that were incorporated under the current study, contributed 69.6% of the deterrents of innovation in MSEs as represented by the Nagelkerke R-square. This means that those variables explain about 69.6% of the deterrents of innovation of MSEs, whereas other factors not covered in this study contributed 30.4% to the deterrents of innovation. The results have revealed that research and development are the most critical deterrent factor affecting technological innovation of MSEs at a 1% level of significance. Besides, cost of innovation and firm size factors are the next important deterrent factors affecting technological innovation of the enterprises, followed by human resource factors. Contrarily, variables such as organizational culture and perceived risk factors have not been statistically significant and less likely to affect innovation of MSEs in the current study. The government and other stakeholders need to work hard to encourage innovation among MSEs by providing support, including an increased supply of credit, training, technology support, and provision of micro and small enterprise information services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyse the influence of frugal innovation on the sustainability performance of Mexican SMEs and evaluate the moderating effect of firm size. A quantitative, predictive, and cross-sectional research design was carried out through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). Using a simple random sampling technique and a self-administered questionnaire to gather data from a sample of 225 business managers in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. The outcomes indicate that frugal innovation significantly contributes to sustainability performance. Moreover, the firm size plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between frugal innovation and sustainability performance, thus, when these types of firms achieve greater size, the relationship between frugal innovation and sustainability performance increases to the same extent as the size of the interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leveraging digital technologies is a major concern for companies and has significant implications for their information technology (IT) functions. In many cases, a bi‐modal IT function is established: a 'traditional IT' mode focusing on the stability and exploitation of existing IT resources and an 'agile IT' mode focusing on exploring new technologies. Whereas previous research has predominantly taken an organisational‐level view of bi‐modal IT by treating it as a single, aggregated entity, we provide a micro‐foundations perspective on the intricate and paradoxical interrelationships between the two IT modes. Based on a multi‐case study with companies from different industries and of varying sizes, we uncover nine core tensions between traditional IT and agile IT as manifestations of five underlying paradoxes. We also identify corresponding management practices to address these tensions and paradoxes. Our study contributes to Information Systems research by disaggregating bi‐modal IT and capturing the tensions and their underlying paradoxes at the organisational and individual levels that bi‐modal IT entails. By highlighting the intricate interdependencies between the traditional and agile IT modes, we show that bi‐modal IT can be messier and more contested than previously anticipated. For practitioners, our study offers an overview of paradoxes and tensions that may arise in bi‐modal IT settings and provides suggestions on how to manage them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign direct investment (FDI) technology spillovers play an increasingly important role in a host country's development. Evaluating the positive effect of FDI inflows on green innovation is essential for correct city design. Based on the panel data of 262 cities in China from 2004 to 2018, we first analyzed the impact of FDI technology spillovers on green innovation in Chinese cities and then tested the threshold effect in four absorptive capacity factors: environmental regulation, economic growth, human capital, and industry size. Finally, we compared the time and space of two types of cities crossing the threshold from the perspective of innovative and non-innovative cities. The results show that FDI can significantly promote green innovation in Chinese cities and the promoting effect of FDI on green innovation has nonlinear characteristics, namely, such effects only make sense when absorptive capacity is above the threshold points. Additionally, among the four absorptive capacity factors, the development degrees of innovative cities are ahead of non-innovative cities; in particular, there is a significant difference between them in terms of economic growth. Local governments should develop reasonable policy combination tools according to the absorptive capacity characteristics of different cities to effectively promote the technology spillover effect of FDI and achieve coordinated ecological and economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this analysis is to identify the possibility of treating eco-innovation in micro and small enterprises as a factor influencing the energy efficiency of the economy. In order to obtain an answer to such a research question, quantitative research was carried out among Polish enterprises from the SME sector (N = 400). Accordingly, the CATI technique was applied. The selection of enterprises was random and took place in the non-returnable drawing process. The criterion for selecting the sample was the size of enterprises, but in order to ensure the possibility of drawing conclusions based on a sufficiently large research sample, its structure (300 micro and 100 small enterprises) assumed the study of small enterprises in a proportion greater than their actual share in the population of enterprises. As a result of this research, the existence of a relationship between the improvement of the company's competitive position and its activity in the field of eco-innovation implementation was confirmed. It is shown that the behavior and attitudes of entrepreneurs largely determine the very decisions regarding the use of specific types of eco-innovation, as well as the areas in which they brought about changes influencing the improvement of the competitive position of the surveyed companies. Differences in these decisions can be observed in micro and small companies. This article justifies the notion that the impact of the scale of micro and small companies is important in shaping the energy efficiency of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of company size on financial performance and company value, with a particular focus on the moderating role of IT innovation in the Indonesian commercial banking sector. Utilizing data from Category 4 commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2022, the study employs the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method facilitated by the WarpPLS package to analyze these relationships. The results demonstrate that both company size significantly enhance financial performance and company value. Furthermore, IT innovation is found to significantly moderate these effects, amplifying the positive impacts on company value. Specifically, IT innovation strengthens the relationship between financial performance and company value, reflecting its crucial role in modern banking operations. This research provides empirical evidence on the strategic importance of IT innovation in enhancing financial determinants and offers recommendations for integrating technological advancements in banking strategies to improve overall performance and value. The findings underscore the transformative potential of IT innovation in the financial sector, particularly in emerging markets like Indonesia. Recommendations for future research include exploring the long-term impacts of IT innovation on banking performance and its broader economic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of innovation motivation, low-carbon innovation is divided into substantive low-carbon innovation and strategic low-carbon innovation. On this basis, this study empirically investigates the impact and mechanism of digital transformation on enterprise low-carbon innovation using data from China's A-share listed enterprises from 2005 to 2019. The results show that digital transformation promotes the overall level of enterprise low-carbon innovation, substantial low-carbon innovation, and strategic low-carbon innovation, with a more significant impact on strategic low-carbon innovation. For enterprises with large-scale, belonging to high-monopoly industries and located in high-marketization regions, the promotion of digital transformation is more significant and facilitates strategic low-carbon innovation more than substantive low-carbon innovation. Based on the internal capability perspective, enhancing management capability, R&D capability, and environmental information disclosure capability are three important channels of digital transformation affecting low-carbon innovation. • The impact of digital transformation on LCI is explored from innovation motivations. • Management, R&D and environmental information disclosure capabilities are channels. • Heterogeneity is analyzed from enterprise size, industry monopoly and regional marketization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exogenous shocks and environmental changes may force small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to change and innovate their business models. However, their readiness and ability to do so could depend on firm-level characteristics. This paper investigates how two firm-level factors—size and age—impact SMEs' engagement in business model innovation in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Using World Bank Enterprise Survey data covering 2,115 SMEs from 12 countries, this study shows that the age of an SME is negatively associated with business model innovation. The finding also shows that, contrary to the hypothesis posed in this study, the size of an SME impacts business model innovation positively. The study contributes to the understanding of antecedents of business model innovation in times of environmental change and uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is one of the successful and competitive advantage factors for SMEs in the dynamically changing environment of the RES industry. For SMEs, innovation is driven by a number of factors, such as the size of the enterprise, the scope of activity, innovation capability, strategy, and environmental conditions. Organizations' commitment to innovation is another important factor. This is especially true for SMEs with strong social bonds, meaning that every employee of the company is, to some extent, involved in the innovation process and influences the organization's opinion. The goal of the paper is to assess the impact of organizational determinants of commitment to innovation on innovative behavior in SMEs in the RES industry. The paper is both theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part explains the relevance of organizational determinants of commitment to innovation and how they translate to innovative behavior in SMEs. The empirical part presents an analysis of the results of a quantitative diagnostic survey that involved a questionnaire comprised mostly of closed-ended questions. The survey lasted from September 2020 to February 2021 on a sample of 186 companies from the RES industry. Production workers participated in the survey. The survey was conducted in Poland. The research problem is expressed in the following questions: (1) Do organizational determinants of commitment to innovation influence innovative behaviors undertaken and implemented in SMEs in the RES industry? (2) What are the key predictors of organizational commitment to innovation in SMEs in the RES industry? (3) Which predictors of organizational commitment to innovation have the most influence on innovative behaviors undertaken and implemented in SMEs in the RES industry? The research hypothesis was as follows: The organizational factors of commitment to innovation have a positive impact on the innovative behaviors of employees. In the course of the survey, all the research assumptions were confirmed. The statistical tests were used to verify the research hypotheses. The article includes an introduction, literature review, analysis of research results, conclusions, and a bibliography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the firm size-innovation puzzle through distinguishing radical from incremental innovation, and examining the country-level context (i.e., university–industry collaboration in R&D and competition intensity) that the firm size-innovation relationship is contingent on. The meta-analysis including 162 studies with 112,639 firms reveals that firm size can simultaneously benefit for radical and incremental innovations, while the measurement of firm size using the non-personnel indices can result in significant difference between the firm size-radical innovation and firm size-incremental innovation. Additionally, it is found that the positive relationship between firm size and radical innovation increases when university–industry collaboration in R&D and competition intensity is stronger. This study quantitatively summarises the relationship between firm size and radical/incremental innovation and updates the correlations reported in established literatures. Drawing on awareness-motivation-capability perspective, it takes an essential and frontier step in testing the country-level context that can influence the effect of firm size on innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the incentives of firms to bypass the innovation process by not pursuing innovation, focusing specifically on whether FDI enables innovation participation or retards it. This consideration of innovation participation is broader than the impact of FDI on innovation because it captures whether FDI leads to greater concentration in research markets. Using data on more than 50 countries and accounting for possible two-way causality between FDI and non-innovation, our results consistently show that FDI increases the ranks of non-innovators. These spillovers or crowding-out effects of FDI do not seem to have been widely recognized. Another interesting finding is that the main result is sensitive to the size of firms—large firms are less impacted by FDI relative to small and medium firms. Implications for technology policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aims to present a systematic review of empirical research on leadership and firm performance (FP) in order to synthesize the fragmented knowledge and propose a unifying framework for future research. To achieve this purpose, this research adopts systematic literature review methodology. A total of 60 empirical papers published during the period 2002 to 2021 was retrieved through exhaustive manual searches of online databases. A matrix table was developed to extract and organize information from the retrieved articles. The findings revealed four main key themes. First, the topic of leadership and FP has been mostly quantitatively examined in many countries and industries. Second, different leadership approaches have been found to ameliorate FP and transformational leadership remains the most commonly used approach. Third, innovation, learning, and culture were the most common mediators of the leadership-FP relationship. Fourth, support for innovation, competitive intensity, firm size, leaders' trust, and justice orientation have been found to moderate the effect of leadership on FP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays innovation is more than necessary for an enterprise to survive the competition on the market. The Community innovation survey from the EUROSTAT Database provides us with the data necessary to analyze the innovation activities of the enterprises in EU Countries. In this paper we will focus on the latest data from 2018 describing the enterprises with innovation activities by activity and size class and the enterprises that introduced new or improved processes by type of innovation, activity and size class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centralization has been regarded as an important factor in corporate governance in the academic and business communities. Although several studies have examined the relationship between centralization and firm performance, the conclusions remain mixed. We extend existing research by introducing firm size as a threshold variable into our model to explicate the complicated effects of centralization on firm performance. We found that a high degree of centralization can promote firm performance significantly in small- and medium-scale firms while inhibiting firm performance in large-scale firms. Using heterogeneity analysis, we found that centralization has a more significant positive impact on firm performance in private firms, family firms, and manufacturing firms than others. Furthermore, we explored the factors influencing the nexus between centralization and firm performance and found that centralization can improve the level of cost allocation management and technology innovation, driving firm performance but possibly resulting in overinvestment, which is harmful to firm performance. Our research provides guidance for companies to establish a decision-making power allocation that meets their scale-appropriate development needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study draws on dynamic capabilities theory and evidence-based research to provide the first meta-analysis on the open innovation (OI)–firm performance relationship from 2003 to 2020. Both subgroup and meta-analytic regression analyses were employed to analyse 106 independent peer-reviewed articles, encompassing 557,642 firms and 138 effects. Results showed a positive, significant relationship between OI and overall firm performance (r = 0.20) while revealing numerous contingencies. Particularly, we found that the effect of OI on non-financial performance (r = 0.20) is larger than that on financial performance (r = 0.19), while the disaggregate results revealed that inbound OI has the strongest effect on firm performance (r = 0.23), followed by outbound OI (r = 0.19) and coupled OI (r = 0.14). Furthermore, it was found that the mixed results are driven by both contextual factors (i.e., firm size, culture, study region, sector, and industry intensity) and measurement moderators (i.e., study measure and data type). Both the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are elucidatedly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the evolutionary game theory, this paper explores the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) of university–industry collaborative innovation. By utilizing MATLAB software, the analysis of the influence of agent coupling degree, group size, and government policies on the stable evolution of university–industry collaborative innovation is taken into account, while simulating. Our findings indicate that, first, agent coupling degree is positively and nonlinearly related to the stable evolution of university–industry collaborative innovation; second, when an enterprise's size is equal to university's, group size is more significant to the stable evolution of university–industry collaborative innovation than agent coupling degree; third, when a group size of an enterprise and university is different, the combinations of agent coupling degree and group size have various effects on the stable evolution of enterprise group and university group; and fourth, government policies have a significantly positive impact on the stable evolution of university–industry collaborative innovation, and incentive measures are more effective than punitive ones. Research conclusions have developed the relationship among university–industry collaborative innovation agents, expanded the boundary of the stability study of collaborative innovation, and provided new ideas for improving the effectiveness of government innovation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses scientific arguments and counterarguments about companies’ innovative activity, size, and geographic location of the sales market. The study’s foremost purpose is to empirically check if theoretical statements about a company’s size, export, and innovative activity are associated. Therefore, the questions discussed in this paper are a) Does an enterprise-size matter an enterprise innovation activity? b) Is there is a difference in innovation activity by Classification of Economic Activities (NACE groups)? c) Does the geographic location of the sales market matter the company's innovation activity? The research questions are discussed based on Armenian firm-level data. The findings could be applied mainly to the microeconomic environment of Armenia. The study involved R programming language Wilcoxon test, ANOVA, Tukey test, and Chi-square test are applied. The obtained results showed that the enterprise’s size does not matter an enterprise’s innovative activity. Even though larger companies have more resources to innovate, smaller companies are more flexible and agile. Therefore, the enterprise size is not a limiting factor. The results showed that the companies in some fields of the economy are more prone to innovate than others. In Armenia, most innovative enterprises operate in the group MProfessional, scientific and technical activities and the group C-Manufacturing. The research empirically confirms that when considering a company’s innovative activity, the sphere of the economy in which it operates has statistically significant importance in contrast with the company’s size. The findings by the Chi-Square test showed that a significantly higher number of EU exporting companies had made innovations. In contrast, companies selling their products/services in the local market have made significantly fewer innovations than expected if there would be no association between innovations and the geographic location of the sales market. Therefore, the exporting companies are more innovative than those that sell their products in the local market. Besides, the most innovative firms are EU exporting enterprises. In empiric studies, export is used as a proxy of international competitiveness due to its ability to show a country’s capacity in producing and selling in the international market. Therefore, the analysis of Armenian firm-level data showed the association between innovation and international competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the extent to which the intra-industry knowledge spillover and a firm's alliance portfolio diversity have an effect on product innovation performance and the growth of different size of firms. A model was proposed and empirically tested using structural equation modelling with Bayesian estimation. The data was extracted from the Colombian innovation survey EDIT from 2011 to 2016 and comprised a sample of 913 manufacturing firms. The results demonstrated that less-developed and resource-scarce settings, such as Colombia, foster interfirm collaboration regardless of their size. Nevertheless, even when considered the positive and significant effect of collaboration, spillovers are the most relevant external knowledge source in explaining the product innovation performance and growth of small and medium firms. The findings also showed that knowledge spillovers can be detrimental to the large firms' outcomes, possibly associated with a weaker appropriability regime and the loss of knowledge derived from outgoing spillovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there is an increasing recognition of the value of eco-innovation in both academic and practical spheres. Establishing the connection between eco-innovation and corporate performance is highly important. This paper aimed to analyze the correlation between eco-innovation, corporate performance, and company size. To accomplish this goal, the paper collected unique data from 383 global non-financial companies using the Refinitiv Eikon database from 2013 to 2022. This paper uses fixed effect and (generalized method of moment) GMM techniques to overcome possible endogeneity concerns. The strong empirical results display a positive relationship between eco-innovation and corporate performance. Importantly, this paper discovered that the size of companies significantly magnifies the effect of eco-innovation on corporate performance. Our findings are still robust to endogeneity concerns. The results confirm that prioritizing eco-innovation can benefit larger companies in multiple ways, including boosting productivity, avoiding penalties, expanding into new markets, improving green image, and gaining a competitive edge, all of which ultimately enhance corporate performance. Additionally, the extensive evaluation by stakeholders enables these larger corporations to generate increased profits. This paper aims to contribute the innovation literature by exploring an under-explored topic using extensive panel data and offering practical guidance for non-financial firm stakeholders. The implications of the findings have various impacts on future research and policy development. Furthermore, this paper aims to assist policymakers in establishing impactful mechanisms and guidelines that foster ecologically conscious attitudes. The conclusion assists managers in grasping the importance of context-based eco-innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of research and development (R&D) investment extend beyond the undertaking firms and may impact the wider economy through spillovers. This study examines the effect of Multinational Companies (MNCs)' R&D intra-industrial spillovers on total factor productivity (TFP) using firm-level data from Indonesia between 2017 and 2019. To address the cross-sectional dependence, we employed a fixed-effects estimator with Driscoll and Kraay's (1998) standard errors. We also incorporate a cost-based approach with a weighting matrix that integrates human resources into R&D activities to capture the R&D intra-industrial spillover from foreign companies. The findings indicate that intra-industrial R&D spillovers from MNCs negatively impact TFP, suggesting product-market rivalry in the domestic market. Foreign and domestic firms operating in a subsector that relies on similar technologies compete to enhance productivity, resulting in business theft. Increasing firms' capability in human resource absorption, access to foreign inputs, firm size, and market concentration can improve TFP in manufacturing firms. This finding has policy implications for the proportions of R&D spending. The results also support the need to foster open innovation by creating an environment that encourages collaboration, skill development, and local innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study empirically examines whether managerial myopia leads to short-termism of innovation strategy using Korean firm and USPTO data covering 1980–2017. The main finding is that payout indicators, as the proxy variables for financialisation and managerial myopia, have a negative effect on innovation, quantitatively and qualitatively. Hence, managerial myopia and short-termism of innovation strategy are related. Further, estimation by the firm's size reveals that the hypothesis of managerial myopia leading to short-termism of innovation strategy is valid only for conglomerates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate on the industry-science cooperation has raised questions about what determines the successful interactions and their impact on a firm's innovation performance. This paper discusses the relevance of traditional hypotheses on the relationship between industry and science to developing countries using the evidence from Russian manufacturing. We distinguish between several modes of cooperation (new-to-market innovation, new-to-firm innovation, acquisition of non-R&D services) and investigate a broad range of determinants, including competition regime, absorptive capacity, technological opportunities, appropriability conditions and public support. Our findings illustrate that in less-developed national innovation systems with below average levels of technological opportunity, the industry-science link is influenced more by the specificity of economic activity, firm size and maturity than a result of higher firm-level innovation effort. Public support should be specifically tailored to promote networking with R&D organizations and universities and must consider expanding the focus to account for non-R&D based cooperative activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U.S. Corporations spend millions of dollars on innovating new technologies. This despite the fact that such capital expenditure outlay runs the risk of possible failure and loss of investments. This paper investigates what factors drive a corporation to innovate. In addition to firm-specific factors, we examine board governance and industry concentration. This study examines the association of firm, governance and industry characteristics that may influence a firm to innovate. Results from logit regression seem to suggest that firm size, capital expenditure growth, and industry concentration are more likely to influence firm's innovation efforts. Estimates also indicate that younger CEOs are more prone to innovation than older CEOs. These findings stand up to greater scrutiny when we perform a battery of robustness checks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional innovation policies often encourage the formation of R&D consortia between co‐localised small‐ and medium‐ sized firms (SMEs) and large companies, universities or other agents. We investigate the benefits in terms of labour productivity arising for SMEs from alternative configurations of such consortia. We focus on an Italian regional policy. Using a hierarchical Bayesian approach for inference, we find that consortia work better when they are vertical rather than horizontal, and when they match SMEs to large firms. On the contrary, neither the presence of a university nor that of an innovation intermediary is always associated with higher firms' productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ICT-based Collaborative innovation has a significant impact on the economy by facilitating technological convergence and promoting innovation in other industries. However, research on innovation suggests that polarization in firm size distribution, which has grown since the early 2000s, can interfere with collaborative innovation among firms. In this paper, I modelled firms’ decision-making processes that led to collaborative innovation as a spatial N-person iterated Prisoner’s dilemma (NIPD) game using collaborative innovation data from Korean ICT firms. Using an agent-based model, I experimented with the effects of firm size heterogeneity on collaborative innovation. The simulation experiment results reveal that collaborative innovation in the industry increases as the size heterogeneity decreases. Findings suggest that policies promoting collaborative innovation should focus on mitigating structural inequalities in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a detailed analysis of a unifying theoretical framework for innovation and corporate dynamics that encompasses the Gibrat's Law of Proportionate Effect and the Simon growth process as particular instances. The predictions of the model are derived in terms of (i) firm size distribution, (ii) the distribution of firm growth rates, and (iii-iv) the relationships between firm size and the mean and variance of firm growth rates. We test the model against data from the worldwide pharmaceutical industry and find its predictions to be in good agreement with empirical evidence on all four dimensions. Our unifying stochastic framework can also be used to describe corporate dynamics in different industries and as a benchmark for discriminating among alternative data generating processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial clusters can be sources of innovation. Further, externalities rendered by clusters entitled firms in clusters to various economic benefits. The motivation of the study is to understand what determines the net benefits that these cluster firms receive. While innovation is a key driver of firm performance, it has not been probed adequately in the context of a cluster. The present study which draws data from 101 technology intensive manufacturing firms in Bengaluru cluster adopts stratified random sampling technique. The study employs Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to examine the influence of firm-level innovation on performance, considering the role of various firm-specific factors in moderating the relationship between innovation and performance. The results of the study reveal that there does not exist any direct relationship between innovation and firm performance. However, a strong and nonlinear relationship between them is moderated by firm-specific factors such as firm size, nature of Industry, origin of a firm and firms' age. The findings of the study have brought out an important lesson for policy makers that mere promotion of industrial clusters does not ensure the generation of innovations by firms located therein, for their benefit. A cluster focused innovation promotion policy has to consider industry/firm-specific characteristics for its effective implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Many studies argue that the continual creation of new ideas by small and young firms steadily destroys the competitive positions of their larger, more established rivals. Despite this attention, empirical results relating firm size to innovation remain exceedingly fragile. This study proposes three reasons for the empirical inconsistencies in the literature: that small and large firms differ in their: (1) stock of technological experiences, (2) use of own- and partner-firm experiences, and (3) abilities to translate own- and partner-firm experiences into innovation activity. Results from a 10-year study of 463 semiconductor firms demonstrate that the mixed findings generated from prior work are partially attributed to these three general propositions. In particular, resource flows, in the form of operating experience developed internally and accessed through codevelopment partners, positively affect innovation activity; but these benefits diminish as a firm increases in size. The findings broadly support the notion that differences in the incentives and abilities of small and large firms give rise to heterogeneity in the firms' innovation activity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To foster ‘creative destruction,’ entrants must survive the turbulent conditions they face in their first crucial years in the industry. We investigate how the external knowledge milieu of an entrant, conceptualized as its innovative environment, causes systematic variation in survival patterns. We test our model from 3,431 firms in 33 industries over 80 years. We depict the innovative environment along two knowledge-related dimensions, namely technology regime and technology intensity. While the aligned state of the innovative environment, where product innovation exists in tandem with abundant innovation opportunities, promotes entrant survival, we find that this beneficial effect is more pronounced for small entrants due to a possible mitigation of scale disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the consequences of changes in the organization's market position on its market share, testing arguments of inertia and regression toward the mean and taking into account recent methodological critiques of studies on the consequences of organizational change. A study of format change in the U.S. radio industry, 1984-1992, shows that changes cause performance to decline, as inertia theory predicts, but this is moderated by organizational size and performance before the change, so change can be beneficial for low-performing organizations but may be harmful for large and successful organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expression that "Innovation is the central issue in economic prosperity" (Michael Porter), encapsulates the importance of entrepreneurial strategy, which has been linked to firm growth, particularly through its dimensions of innovation and risk. Firm growth will increase its size, which in turn may affect the entrepreneurial strategy; a research area that has been under-studied. This research contributes to the literature by exploring the relationship between firm size and the entrepreneurial strategy. Findings support the hypothesis that in larger firms the owners pursue a strategy that tends to be higher in innovation but with reduced risk, while in smaller firms the owners pursue a strategy that is higher in risk but lower in innovation. Additionally, it was found that the firms' Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is moderated by the organizational size; which supports the notion of bi-directional relationship between EO and organization attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports research on relationship between firm's knowledge sourcing strategy and green innovation. The data are taken from Spanish Technological Innovation Panel survey during 2007–2011. The study contributed to the literature by focusing on the moderating role of firm size on the relationship between knowledge sources and green innovations. Results from over 5,000 firms indicate a shift in the focus from internal knowledge to external knowledge when developing green innovations as firms grow in size. Despite benefits from broad knowledge search on green innovations, the relationship has an inverted U shape. The diminishing returns of knowledge breadth on green innovations are present for smaller firms and disappearing as firms get larger. Government policies promoting more coordination and knowledge complementarity between private and public sector will help to influence more knowledge transfer, ensuring a more sustainable and green economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]