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Born in New Spain, fray Juan Bautista Viseo (b. 1555) authored perhaps a dozen books in Nahuatl, Castilian, and Latin, making him one of the most prolific writers of the colonial period in Mexico. While many are lost, his available texts provide a valuable window into religious conversion efforts in the Spanish monarchy around 1600. This paper investigates his recommendations regarding how priests and members of religious orders ought to use indigenous languages. In the sixteenth-century Spanish territories, Church and Crown officials discussed language strategies on several fronts. This paper also compares Juan Bautista's ideas about language use in Mexico to similar discussions elsewhere in the Spanish kingdoms. Existing scholarship has highlighted parallels in how the Spanish monarchy dealt with Native American and Islamic communities. However, an examination of Juan Bautista's writing, together with that of contemporary churchmen, suggests fundamental differences in the ways that Spanish officials thought about and approached Amerindians and Moriscos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 200 countries and there are about 10 million registered cases worldwide. This health crisis is generated sudden changes throughout society, and containing the spread of infection required that citizens be confined in their homes. Consequently, governments designed hygiene measures and implemented immediate actions to safeguard the well-being of their population. The objective of this paper is to learn about the communication strategy used by the public health authorities in Mexico and in Spain in response to the COVID-19 health crisis, and thus to learn about the options for communication resources that can be used in a health emergency situation. The websites and official Twitter profiles of each organization are reviewed to determine what story they created and how they included the use of metaphors in their communication. The main finding is the need to build a message that generates an emotional connection with the audience, giving the necessary prominence to the citizen and taking into consideration the cultural context in which it is acted upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there is an open discussion regarding the consequences of globalization in education. Some experts consider the existence of transnational influences that drive to a progressive harmonization of educational policies in a worldwide level. Other experts consider that the States continue being a key factor in the configuration of education systems. The objective of this paper is contributing to such discussion, analysing the current models of school system evaluation in two countries with characteristics very well differentiated, as are Mexico and Spain. In order to achieve this goal, it has been set up a research based on comparative method that allows to note the similarities and the differences between both models. The results indicate a convergence between Mexico and Spain that, despite their different contexts and educational problems, have adopted models of evaluation practically homogeneous. Even though these results are limited to these two countries and cannot be generalized, the analogies found seem to strengthen the existence of a process of educational standardization in a global perspective. Therefore, the streams of thought that emphasize the primacy of international influence over national levels in educational policies are reinforced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a thematic framework that simplifies and explains the complexity of tourist encounters with nature. The research combines qualitative data, derived from questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, field journals and personal observations, of wildlife encounters in Spain and Mexico and encounters with tropical forest in Australia. The data reveal that embodied tourists encounter nature in a multisensory manner, although they privilege visual perceptions of the natural world. There are clear differences in the emotional significance of encounters, with visitors negotiating individual yet diverse relations with their surrounding environment, mediated byin situsocial interactions. Wildlife tourists often perform ritualised roles, directed by tour guides, causing some to question the collective performances of prescribed mobilities. Rainforest tourists, by contrast, are more unbounded in their performances. It is suggested that visitors on guided tours should be given time to experience the wonders of the environment at their own pace, facilitating the achievement of ‘higher order’ needs. The theoretical framework presented in the paper facilitates an exploration of the diversity of connections between people and nature and the myriad ways in which such relationships are formed, interpreted and afforded relevance. The framework is not definitive, but context-specific, serving to inform future understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper, which is part of a parallel study between Mexico and Spain, analyzes the environmental information requests that are made by users in the Spanish public sector bodies. Furthermore, a webcrawler, which was designed for this purpose, analyzes many parameters of the information displayed on the website of 30 environmental public bodies such as the number of documents, providers, types of environmental information, document formats ... Results highlight the use of metatags instead of metadata and descriptor analysis shows a lack of relationship between the requests and the descriptors which are used to identify such information on the Web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]