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Alexandra Legge,1 Chris Blanchard,1 John G Hanly2,3 1Department of Medicine, 2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, 3Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax, NS, Canada Objective: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity are known cardiovascular risk factors, we compared habitual activity between SLE patients, RA patients, and healthy control participants.Patients and methods: For this cross-sectional study, RA and SLE patients were recruited from rheumatology clinics at an academic medical center from April 2013 to December 2014. Healthy control participants were recruited through local advertising during the same time period. Habitual activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer worn during waking hours for 7 consecutive days. Minutes per day of sedentary, light, and moderate–vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were recorded and compared between SLE, RA, and healthy participants using ANOVA.Results: There were 59 participants included in the analysis: 20 SLE patients, 19 RA patients, and 20 healthy controls. Disease activity was quiescent in both the SLE and RA groups. All three groups demonstrated high sedentary behavior (mean ± SD sedentary time for all participants: 10.1±1.3 hours/day; 76.4% total wear time). There were no significant differences between SLE, RA, and healthy participants in time spent in sedentary behavior (p=0.80) or light activity (p=0.17). Total MVPA (mean ± SD, minutes/day) was significantly lower in SLE (34.5±22.7; p

OBJECTIVE:Research is limited concerning the moderating influence of weight status (ie normal, over, and obese) on the social ecological correlates of physical activity (PA) in adults. Therefore, the present study attempted to shed light on this issue.DESIGN:In 2001, a national cross-sectional mail out panel survey was conducted over a 3-month period in the United States.SUBJECTS:There were 1867 normal weight (ie body mass index (BMI)=20-24.99?kg/m2), 2145 overweight (ie BMI=25-29.99?kg/m2), and 1902 obese (ie BMI>30?kg/m2) adults.MEASURES:Various demographic measurements were taken in addition to social support (SS), self-efficacy (SE), access to facilities, and PA.RESULTS:Normal weight individuals engaged in significantly more PA than overweight individuals, who in turn engaged in significantly more PA than obese individuals F(2,5991)=55.51, P<0.01. Further regression analyses showed that higher SE, SS, the access to facilities in a neighborhood, and various interactions among these constructs were significantly and positively associated with PA. Interestingly, the strength of these relationships varied depending on weight status.CONCLUSION:Weight status needs to be taken into consideration when examining social ecological correlates of PA.International Journal of Obesity (2005) 29, 720-726. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802927 Published online 29 March 2005 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of mental health disorders has elicited significant concern within society, particularly among adolescents who are disproportionately affected by this concerning trend. Consequently, institutions are seeking efficacious and cost-effective interventions to address this situation, while the scientific community has identified physical activity as a potential means to mitigate this epidemic. Motor self-efficacy and physical self-concept have been demonstrated to confer benefits to the mental health of young individuals, comparable to those of physical fitness. These aspects not only influence physical health but also the emotional and psychological well-being of individuals, contributing to a better overall quality of life. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the moderating role of self-perceived physical fitness in motor self-efficacy and physical self-concept, in high school physical education students. Methods: To this end, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was applied to identify the non-normality of the data and the Mann–Whitney U test to determine the differences by sex in the variables studied to subsequently perform a moderation analysis and a regression test for the physical self-concept prediction model. Results: The results showed that self-perceived physical fitness positively moderated the relationship motor self-efficacy and physical self-concept, enhancing the positive effect size of self-efficacy on physical self-concept. Conclusion: Thus, self-perceived physical fitness could be important in interventions aimed at improving physical and emotional well-being and health of adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While evidence consistently demonstrates that physical activity is beneficial to mental health, it remains relatively unknown how physical activity benefits mental health, and which factors influence the effect of physical activity on mental health. This understanding could vastly increase our capacity to design, recommend, and prescribe physical activity in more optimal ways. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and synthesise evidence of all mediators and moderators of the relationship between physical activity and mental health. Methods: Systematic searches of four databases (i.e., Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus) identified 11,633 initial studies. Empirical studies that quantitatively assessed physical activity, or conducted a physical activity intervention, measured a mental health outcome, and tested one or more mediator or moderator of the relationship between physical activity and mental health were included. A total of 247 met the inclusion criteria; 173 studies examined mediation and 82 examined moderation. Results: Results of the best-evidence synthesis revealed strong evidence for 12 mediators including affect, mental health and wellbeing, self-esteem, self-efficacy, physical self-worth, body image satisfaction, resilience, social support, social connection, physical health, pain, and fatigue. Moderate evidence was identified for a further 15 mediators and eight moderators. Conclusions: Findings should inform the design of future physical activity interventions to ensure optimal effects on mental health related outcomes. Additionally, if health professionals were to take these mediators and moderators into consideration when prescribing or recommending physical activity, physical activity would likely have a greater impact on population mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that can influence our health and exercise habits. On the other hand, physical exercise can also impact our microbiome, affecting our health. Our narrative review examines the bidirectional relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential for targeted probiotic regimens to enhance sports performance. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review to select articles published up till January 2024 on the topics of physical exercise, sports, probiotics, and gut microbiota from major scientific databases, incorporating over 100 studies. Results: We found that the impact of physical activity on the gut microbiome varies with the type and intensity of exercise. Moderate exercise promotes a healthy immune system, while high-intensity exercise for a long duration can cause a leaky gut and consequent systemic inflammation, which may disrupt the microbial balance. Combining aerobic and resistance training significantly affects bacterial diversity, linked to a lower prevalence of chronic metabolic disorders. Furthermore, exercise enhances gut microbiome diversity, increases SCFA production, improves nutrient utilization, and modulates neural and hormonal pathways, improving gut barrier integrity. Our findings also showed probiotic supplementation is associated with decreased inflammation, enhanced sports performance, and fewer gastrointestinal disturbances, suggesting that the relationship between the gut microbiome and physical activity is mutually influential. Conclusions: The bidirectional relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiome is exemplified by how exercise can promote beneficial bacteria while a healthy gut microbiome can potentially enhance exercise ability through various mechanisms. These findings underscore the importance of adding potential tailored exercise regimens and probiotic supplementation that consider individual microbiome profiles into exercise programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity identity represents an important determinant of sustained physical activity behavior. The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether intention, behavioral regulation, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behavior explain significant variation in physical activity identity across time. Using a repeated measures observational design, lower-active adults new or returning to physical activity participation (N = 66) completed measures of study variables every three weeks over the course of a nine-week period (four assessments total). Based on the results of mixed-effects regression modelling, there was a small, non-significant increase in physical activity identity across time (b = 0.07, p = 0.13). Intention, MVPA, and behavioral regulation mostly had significant (ps < 0.05) bivariate correlations with physical activity identity at the same time point of assessment. Behavioral regulation explained significant variation in physical activity identity across time (b = 0.26, p < 0.0001), but intention and MVPA were non-significant (ps > 0.05) after including a random intercept and controlling for behavioral regulation. Identity was resistant to change among new physical activity initiates in this study and longer time frames of assessment are needed (e.g., six months). Behavioral regulation should be examined as a determinant of physical activity identity in future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable health technologies are designed to improve a user's self-awareness of their state of health and increase motivation and physical activity, but there is limited understanding of the psychological and behavioral impact these devices have. The present research attempts to further clarify the influence of individual characteristics on the cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes of activity tracker usage, including the development of dependency. A cross-sectional study of 212 college students who used activity trackers was conducted to evaluate the psychological and behavioral impact of activity tracker usage and users' affective response to their device. Participants expressed more positive affect while wearing their device as opposed to when they were unable to wear it. Female participants exhibited more positive affect than male participants while wearing their device but less when unable to wear it. Only 9% of the sample reported a dependency effect. The dependency effect was negatively associated with intrinsic motivation to be physically active, motivation by the idea of success, and the personality traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness. The dependency effect was positively associated with extrinsic motivation for physical activity and tracker usage, as well as need for cognitive closure. This research elucidates the unintended outcomes of activity tracker usage along with the individual characteristics that present as predictors of these outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies taking a person-centred statistical approach when examining young peoples' psychological experiences in sport is scarce. The main aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between young football players' psychological health resources and the psychological quality of their football-specific experiences. Data for this cross-sectional study was collected as part of the [BLINDED] arm of the larger Promoting Adolescence Physical Activity (PAPA) multi-centre project [1]. The sample consisted of young [BLINDED] male (n = 814), female (n = 576), grassroots football players between the ages of 10 and 15 years (M = 12.5 years, SD = 1.1 years). We performed a latent profile analysis using Mplus 8.4 using a robust maximum likelihood estimator (MLR). Players with the most resourceful psychological health profile experienced more coach social support (mean = 4.38) than did those with a less well-off resourceful profile (mean = 3.79) and those with the least well-off profile (mean = 3.28). Players with the most resourceful profile also felt a stronger sense of unity among their teammates and they enjoyed football more than those least well off (mean = 4.43 vrs. mean = 3.12 and mean = 4.74 vrs 3.50. respectively). Parallel between-profile differences were also found for the players' general health resources including perceived life satisfaction, general health and family affluence as covariates. Findings suggest that variations in young players' psychological health profiles and their general health resources play a role in the quality of their football-specific psychological experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health and exercise technology may promote a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to understand and involve the perspective of pregnant women as users in the design of a framework for future e-health and exercise interventions during pregnancy. Pregnant women replied to a questionnaire aimed at understanding their physical activity patterns, needs, and preferences regarding the use of mobile applications (apps). The main results showed that one-third of the women did not practice any type of exercise during pregnancy. Women preferred to exercise in a gym, outdoors, or at home. The majority already had or were currently using a fitness app, but never used any pregnancy-specific app. Most women agreed that it was important to have a specific app for pregnancy to improve knowledge about recommendations on lifestyle, have direct contact with health and exercise professionals, have social interaction with other mothers, and have guidance on preparation for childbirth and postpartum recovery. Understanding and involving the perspective of pregnant women as users will allow researchers to improve the design of a pregnancy-specific app and future e-health and exercise interventions during pregnancy. These preliminary results will lead to the development of the "active pregnancy app" focused on the promotion of an active and healthy lifestyle during pregnancy and postpartum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary artery disease (CAD) poses a significant health risk to the global population and behavioural change theory intervention on lifestyle and physical activities are needed to improve patient's quality of life. Our main objective is to examine the application of behaviour change intervention program on the on the lifestyle and quality of life of patients after coronary intervention. The randomised controlled trial was carried at Fuawi Hospital consisting of 156 participants divided into control and intervention groups. The primary outcomes showed significant changes and increase in levels of physical activity between intervention and controls with the intervention group showing higher frequency, duration and intensity in both moderate physical activity and walking. Secondary outcomes showed significant reductions in the blood pressure, BMI, and improved healthcare-related quality of life. Alsos, significant lifestyle changes were observed with cessation of smoking, increased intake of healthy diets, stress and sleep management. Thus, the behavioural intervention change program was significant in improving the outcomes of CAD patients through increased levels of physical activity, increased quality of life and lifestyle changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study discusses the effectiveness of a 12-week intervention aimed at improving squat jump and sprint performance among second-year sports students. Methods: The students were randomly divided into experimental (n = 89) and control (n = 92) groups. In addition to gym training, students of the experimental group also underwent online PE training. The students' performance in Squat Jumps, 30 m sprint, and Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER), as well as their situational motivation, were assessed before and after the intervention. Furthermore, the students assessed their physical activity weekly using self-reports. Results: The implementation of online training has positively impacted intrinsic and identified motivation, as well as external regulation; however, it was less effective in reducing amotivation compared to traditional gym-based training. Conclusions: The findings of the study contribute to the data synthesis on the expediency of using modern software in physical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active living lifestyles for wheelchair users (ALLWheel) was developed to improve leisure time physical activity (LTPA). The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of the ALLWheel program. In a pilot pre-post design, 12 manual wheelchair users in three Canadian cities completed the ALLWheel program (containing 14 sessions over 10 weeks delivered by a peer using a smartphone). Feasibility indicators were collected for process, resources, management, and intervention—before, during, and after ALLWheel. Exploratory outcomes were collected for LTPA (primary outcome), motivation, self-efficacy, and satisfaction with autonomy support and goal attainment—at baseline, immediately following ALLWheel, and three months later. Feasibility was evaluated using a priori criteria for success (yes/no), and within-subjects comparisons were made to explore the change in exploratory outcomes. The participants were 48.9 ± 15.1 years of age and women (66.7%), and had spinal cord injury (41.7%) or multiple sclerosis (16.7%). Feasibility was achieved in 11 of 14 indicators, with suggestions to consider subjective reports of LTPA as the primary outcome in a future randomized controlled trial to overcome limitations with device-based measures and to use strategies to enhance recruitment. Mild-intensity LTPA and satisfaction with goal attainment improved after the completion of ALLWheel. With minor modifications, it is feasible that ALLWheel can be administered to wheelchair users by a peer using a smartphone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that the higher the aerobic capacity, the lower the risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In the case of cardiac patients, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) seems to be more effective than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in improving aerobic capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two community-based exercise programs using two short-term protocols (HIIT and MICT) on physical fitness and physical activity (PA) levels in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods. In this randomized controlled trial, body composition, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and daily PA levels were assessed before and after 6 weeks of intervention in 69 patients diagnosed with CAD. All patients were randomly (1 : 1 : 1) assigned to two exercise groups (HIIT or MICT) or a control group (no exercise). Both training programs consisted of 6 weeks of supervised treadmill exercise, three sessions per week. MICT targeted ≈70-75% of peak heart rate (HR), while HIIT aimed for ≈85-95% of peak HR. The control group only followed the medical recommendations. Results. Community-based exercise programs showed more positive effects on physical fitness variables and physical activity levels compared to control. HIIT could significantly improve waist circumference, body fat mass, VO2peak, sedentary behavior, and moderate-to-vigorous PA compared to MICT. Moreover, the control group showed poorer results. Conclusion. HIIT can improve health outcomes more positively than MICT and control. These findings indicate that HIIT may be an alternative and effective training method in community-based exercise programs for CAD patients. This trial is registered with NCT03538119. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Physical activity and exercise are critical for older adults' physical and mental health. The purpose of this qualitative study was to richly capture the motivators of and barriers to engaging in physical activity in previously inactive older adults who participated in a threearm randomized controlled trial (RCT) of eight-week group exercise interventions. Methods: We conducted a qualitative content analysis of individual interviews with fifteen participants--five from each study arm: strength training, walking, and inactive control. Participants included nine females and six males ranging from 60 to 86 years of age. Results: Key motivators of physical activity included perceived improvements in physical and mental health, positive social influences, observed health deterioration in others, and the desire to spend time with and take care of family members. Barriers to physical activity included existing health conditions, fear of getting hurt, negative social influences, perceived lack of time and motivation, inconvenient times and locations, and monetary cost. Conclusions: Our findings add to the body of literature identifying factors that motivate and stand in the way of older adults' engagement in physical activity. These factors influence older adults' self-efficacy and should be incorporated into the design of new and existing programs to encourage initiation and maintenance of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neighborhood walkability—features of the built environment that promote pedestrian activity—has been associated with greater physical activity and lower body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2) among neighborhood residents. However, much of the literature has been cross-sectional and only a few cohort studies have assessed neighborhood features throughout follow-up. Using data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study (2003–2016) and a neighborhood walkability index (NWI) measured annually during follow-up, we assessed whether the cumulative experience of neighborhood walkability (NWI-years) predicted BMI and waist circumference after approximately 10 years of follow-up, controlling for these anthropometric measures at enrollment. Analyses were adjusted for individual-level sociodemographic covariates and the cumulative experience of neighborhood poverty rate and neighborhood greenspace coverage. Almost a third (29%) of participants changed address at least once during follow-up. The first change of residence, on average, brought the participants to neighborhoods with higher home values and lower NWI scores than their originating neighborhoods. Compared with those having experienced the lowest quartile of cumulative NWI-years, those who experienced the highest quartile had 0.83 lower BMI (95% confidence interval, –1.5, −0.16) and 1.07-cm smaller waist circumference (95% confidence interval, –1.96, –0.19) at follow-up. These analyses provide additional longitudinal evidence that residential neighborhood features that support pedestrian activity are associated with lower adiposity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) are complex multicomponent interventions that represent a promising healthcare-based concept for physical activity (PA) promotion. This systematic review and narrative synthesis aimed to identify the constitutive components of PARS and provide an overview of their effectiveness. Methods: Following a published protocol, we conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, HTA, Wiley Online Library, SAGE Journals, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and CORE from 1990 to January 2023. We included experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational studies that targeted adults participating in PARS and reported PA outcomes, scheme uptake, or adherence rates. We performed an intervention components analysis using the PARS taxonomy to identify scheme components and extracted data related to uptake, adherence, and PA behavior change. We combined these to provide a narrative summary of PARS effectiveness. Results: We included 57 studies reporting on 36 PARS models from twelve countries. We identified 19 PARS components: a patient-centered approach, individualized content, behavior change theory and techniques, screening, brief advice, written materials, a written prescription, referral, baseline and exit consultation, counselling support session(s), PA sessions, education session(s), action for non-attendance, structured follow-up, a PA network, feedback for the referrer, and exit strategies/routes. The PARS models contained a mean of 7 ± 2.9 components (range = 2–13). Forty-five studies reported PA outcome data, 28 reported uptake, and 34 reported adherence rates. Of these, approximately two-thirds of studies reported a positive effect on participant PA levels, with a wide range of uptake (5.7–100.0%) and adherence rates (8.5–95.0%). Conclusions: Physical activity referral scheme components are an important source of complexity. Despite the heterogeneous nature of scheme designs, our synthesis was able to identify 19 components. Further research is required to determine the influence of these components on PARS uptake, adherence, and PA behavior change. To facilitate this, researchers and scheme providers must report PARS designs in more detail. Process evaluations are also needed to examine implementation and increase our understanding of what components lead to which outcomes. This will facilitate future comparisons between PARS and enable the development of models to maximize impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical activity occurs across various domains including leisure/recreation, for transportation, or for work or household reasons. Rural and urban active living environments are characterized by different opportunities for physical activity within each domain which may translate into different patterns of behavior. The aim of this study was to compare rural–urban differences in physical activity across different domains, and explore interactions between sociodemographic factors, physical activity domains, and rurality. Methods: We used self-reported data collected across three physical activity domains (active transportation, recreation, occupational/household) and relevant sociodemographic variables from the Canadian Community Health Survey. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, we did two separate cross-sectional analyses: 1) binary logistic regression to determine the odds of reporting any activity in each domain, and 2) ordinary least squares regression using the sub-samples reporting > 0 min per week of activity to compare how much activity was reported in each domain. Results: Our final survey weighted sample of Canadian adults (mean age 47.4 years) was n = 25,669,018 (unweighted n = 47,266). Rural residents were less likely to report any active transportation (OR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.51, 0.67], p <.0001). For recreational physical activity, rural males had lower odds (OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.67, 0.83], p <.0001) and rural females had higher odds (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.08, 1.30], p =.0002) of reporting any participation compared to urban residents. Rural males (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.74, 2.07], p <.0001) and females (OR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.21, 1.46], p <.0001) had higher odds of reporting any occupational or household physical activity. Conclusions: Urban residents tend to participate in more active transportation, while rural residents participate in more occupational or household physical activity. Location-based differences in physical activity are best understood by examining multiple domains and must include appropriate sociodemographic interactions, such as income and sex/gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To measure and assess the physical activity (PA) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and its association with the quality of life (QoL). Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients with MS in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from August, 2022 to November, 2022. Data were collected via social media platforms using a questionnaire that included 3 sections: sociodemographic data, International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the Health Status Questionnaire Short Form-36 (SF-36) Results: In total, 145 eligible patients with MS were included. The patients' ages ranged from 18 to 60 years, with a mean age of 33.2±13.9 years. Females were predominantly affected, and most of the patients were either not working or retired. Relapsing-remitting MS constituted the majority (66.2%) of patients. Additionally, most patients (75.9%) were free from co-morbidities. Approximately 41.7% of patients with high PA levels had good QoL scores. Conclusion: Higher PA levels was significantly associated with better QoL in patients with MS. High PA can improve the QoL by taking into consideration several factors that could influence readiness for exercise and its effect on MS symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity counselling can target cognitive-affective participation barriers, but counselling benefits for children with medical conditions/disabilities were unknown. This study investigated successes, challenges, and the impact of physical activity counselling on children and their families. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were completed with 7 patients (2 male/5 female, aged 13–17) and 4 parents who participated in 2–8 weekly counselling sessions (2015–2020). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim for inductive thematic analyses. Counselling encouraged positive mindset changes (viewing physical activity more holistically, making it "more fun and manageable", helping them to "learn how to love moving and doing sports"). Participants felt strong support (feeling heard, validated, and provided with "hope... that we can still achieve things... even though it may seem like there's limitations"). Counselling was viewed positively. The intent to improve active lifestyle attitudes and confidence was reflected in positive, primarily cognitive-affective (motivation for activity, "more general skills of having a positive attitude towards physical activity and the willingness to try new things") outcomes. More sessions, additional resources to keep, and follow-up after counselling completion were recommended to support behaviour change. Future research should evaluate enhanced counselling services and comparing children who have and have not received such counselling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To investigate the current status of self‐efficacy and physical activity among Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and explore the relationship between them. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted on 282 CRC patients in China. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographic and clinical information, self‐efficacy (Exercise Self‐Efficacy Scale [ESES]) and physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire‐Short Form [IPAQ‐SF]). Results: The median (interquartile range) total self‐efficacy score for patients with CRC was 52.78 (42.08–61.11), and the median (interquartile range) total physical activity score was 1776.00 (1142.25–2812.05). Only 28.37% of CRC patients met the guideline recommendations for physical activity. The total self‐efficacy score was significantly positively correlated with the total physical activity score (r = 0.123, p = 0.040). Patient or Public Contribution: CRC patients contributed to the data of this study. Hospital administrators facilitated the implementation of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective measurement methods using accelerometers have become the mainstream approach for evaluating physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). However, several problems face the objective evaluation of PA and SB in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For example, indicators of PA differ depending on whether the accelerometer detects the kind of activity on the one hand, or its intensity on the other. Measured data are also strongly influenced by environmental factors (weather, season, employment status, etc.) and methodological factors (days with uncommon activities, non-wearing time, minimum required wearing time per day, minimum number of valid days required, etc.). Therefore, adjusting for these factors is required when evaluating PA or SB, especially when evaluating the effects of intervention. The exclusion of sleeping time, unification of total measurement time, and minimization of the required wearing time per day might be more important for the evaluation of ST than for evaluating PA. The lying-down-time-to-sitting-time ratio was shown to be larger in COPD patients than in healthy subjects. In this review, we clarified the problems encountered during objective evaluations of PA and SB in patients with COPD and encouraged investigators to recognize the presence of these problems and the importance of adjusting for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the determinants of exercise capacity in postcardiac rehabilitation patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Design: A cross‐sectional design was used. Methods: This study analysed the cross‐sectional data from the baseline assessment of 130 CHD patients who participated in a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of music‐paced physical activity intervention for CHD patients (ChiCTR‐IOR‐17011015) (September 2017 to February 2019). Exercise capacity was measured by using the 10‐metre incremental shuttle‐walk test. The amount of physical activity, exercise self‐determination and exercise self‐efficacy were measured by validated instruments. Participants' anthropometric parameters (body mass index, body fat mass percentage and waist circumference) were measured. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to identify the factors influencing exercise capacity. Results: The mean incremental shuttle‐walk test distance was 493.00 ± 180.04 m. The factors significantly associated with exercise capacity were age (β = −.42), female (β = −.35), body mass index (β = −.25) and exercise self‐efficacy (β = −.20). These factors accounted for 56.5% of the total variance of exercise capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outdoor Recreation (OR) provides the benefits of physical activity (PA) and traditional leisure placed in an outdoor environment. Motivation, self-efficacy, and autonomy can increase depending on the physical and social environment. This study explored the relationship between self-efficacy and autonomy on OR behaviors and identified barriers and supporters to OR during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey information was collected from 995 U.S. adults (93.6% white, 64.0% female) regarding OR behaviors, changes in OR during COVID-19, and OR selfperceptions. Significant positive correlations existed between autonomy and self-efficacy (r = 0.138, p < 0.01), and self-efficacy and pre/post pandemic OR behaviors 2020 (r = 0.158, p < 0.01), (r = 0.129, p < 0.01) respectively. Qualitative data implied barriers and supporters to OR as: social, psychological health, and increased or changed OR/PA. Implications from this research are beneficial to OR and health professionals to promote overall physical and psychological wellbeing for OR participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives In the management of rheumatic musculoskeletal disorders (RMDs), regular physical activity (PA) is an important recognized non-pharmacological intervention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate how the use of wearable devices (WDs) impacts physical activity in patients with noninflammatory and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Methods A comprehensive search of articles was performed in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus. A random-effect meta-analysis was carried out on the number of steps and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Univariable meta-regression models were computed to assess the possibility that the study characteristics may act as modifiers on the final meta-analysis estimate. Results In the analysis, 51 articles were included, with a total of 7488 participants. Twenty-two studies considered MVPA outcome alone, 16 studies considered the number of steps alone, and 13 studies reported information on both outcomes. The recommended PA threshold was reached for MVPA (36.35, 95% CI 29.39, 43.31) but not for daily steps (–1092.60, –1640.42 to –544.77). Studies on patients with fibromyalgia report a higher number (6290, 5198.65–7381.62) of daily steps compared with other RMDs. Patients affected by chronic inflammatory arthropathies seemed to fare better in terms of daily steps than the other categories. Patients of younger age reported a higher overall level of PA than elderly individuals for both the number of steps and MVPA. Conclusion Physical activity can be lower than the recommended threshold in patients with RMDs when objectively measured using WD. WDs could be a useful and affordable instrument for daily monitoring physical activity in RMDs and may support an increase in activity levels. PROSPERO trial registration CRD42021227681, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=227681. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular physical activity (PA) is protective and reduces disease burden but remains a challenge for pregnant women (PW). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, PW without contraindications should practice 150 min of moderate PA per week. Nonetheless, PA levels are concerningly low among PW. The aim of this study was to investigate PW's and midwives' perceptions regarding PA and recommended guidelines, and use this information to inform future health promotion strategies. We recruited 10 PW and 10 midwives to participate in online focus groups conducted between July 2020 and April 2021. Focus group probes and data analysis were guided by the COM–B (capability, opportunity, motivation–behaviour) framework. The majority of the sample had already practised PA, recognized the importance of PA during pregnancy, and considered the WHO guidelines reasonable. Notwithstanding, PW wanted more specific instruction on PA and desired opportunities to practice. Additional barriers reported by PW included low self-efficacy and lack of motivation. Midwives considered the lack of specific knowledge and confidence in managing PA as the main obstacles. The current findings suggest that PW and midwives need specific training in PA to overcome both psychological and physical barriers. Midwives play a vital role in educating and encouraging PA among PW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 50% of Chinese college students rarely engage in any type of physical activity (PA). The literature shows several issues in college students' health due to lack of PA. Promoting college students' PA participation across the country has become a challenging task. This study aims to create a questionnaire into the correlates that affect Chinese college students' engagement in leisure time PA. We first determined the factor structure of college students' PA engagements. Then, we tested and verified the reliability and validity of the factor structure of the questionnaire. The Chinese college students' PA correlates questionnaire was designed according to the Social Ecological Model. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted all the included items, whereas confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) verified the validity of the model. We recruited 1290 college students to complete the questionnaire. A second-order structural model was constructed. Specifically, the first-order included individual, social, and environmental as dimensions, while the second-order had interest, media, social support, traditional culture, facilities, and environment as factors. The six factors have polymerized 22 items. The model demonstrated a good fit (X2/df = 1.4; CFI = 0.98; GFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.02; SRMR = 0.05). In conclusion, the newly established questionnaire of college students' PA correlates is reasonable, and the results of factors reliabilities and model fit are acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of sufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as a key component of a healthy lifestyle is well established, as are the health risks associated with high levels of sedentary behaviour. However, many people with RA do not undertake sufficient physical activity and are highly sedentary. To start addressing this, it is important to be able to carry out an adequate assessment of the physical activity levels of individual people in order that adequate steps can be taken to promote and improve healthy lifestyles. Different methods are available to measure different aspects of physical activity in different settings. In controlled laboratory environments, respiratory gas analysis can measure the energy expenditure of different activities accurately. In free-living environments, the doubly labelled water method is the gold standard for identifying total energy expenditure over a prolonged period of time (>10 days). To assess patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in daily life, objective methods with body-worn activity monitors using accelerometry are superior to self-reported questionnaire- or diary-based methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Physical activity (PA), diet, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are related to maternal and infant health, but interventions to improve these outcomes are needed in diverse pregnant women with elevated weight. Methods: Health In Pregnancy and Postpartum (HIPP) was a randomized controlled trial. Women who were pregnant (N=219, 44% African American, 56% white) with overweight or obesity but otherwise healthy were randomized to a behavioral intervention grounded in Social Cognitive Theory (n=112) or to standard care (n=107). The intervention group received an in-depth counseling session, a private Facebook group, and 10 content-based counseling calls with accompanying behavioral podcasts followed by weekly or biweekly counseling calls until delivery. The standard care group received monthly mailings and 10 podcasts focused on healthy pregnancy. PA (SenseWear armband), diet (ASA24), and HRQOL (SF-12) measures were obtained from blinded assessors at baseline (<16 weeks) and late pregnancy (32 weeks). Mixed model repeated measures regression models tested treatment (Group x Time) and within-group effects. We hypothesized that intervention participants would have higher levels of PA, a better-quality diet, and higher HRQOL than standard care participants. Exploratory analyses examined whether changes in outcomes over time differed according to whether participants had recommended, excessive, or inadequate weight gain. Results: Treatment effects favored intervention participants for vegetable intake (d=0.40, p<0.05) and % whole grains (d=0.60, p<0.01). HRQOL mental component improved in both groups, but less in intervention than standard care participants (d=-0.33, p<0.05). Time effects demonstrated that total PA, steps/day, and HRQOL physical component declined significantly in both groups. Within-group effects showed that diet quality significantly improved in intervention participants. Moderate-intensity PA declined significantly in standard care participants, whereas light-intensity PA declined and sedentary behavior increased significantly in intervention participants. Finally, exploratory analyses showed that total PA and light PA increased whereas sedentary behavior decreased among those meeting guidelines for weight gain, with opposite patterns seen among those with excessive or inadequate weight gain. Conclusions: The intervention improved several dietary outcomes but had modest impacts on PA and HRQOL, underscoring the challenge of behavior change during pregnancy. Trial registration: This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on 10/09/2014. NCT02260518 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on physical activity (PA) levels of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and to examine factors associated with decreased PA. Methods: A sample of adult patients with RMDs (n = 7,776) was identified through electronic medical records from an academic health care system in North Carolina. Invitations to participate in an online survey were sent between July 2020 and September 2020 to assess self‐reported changes in PA during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics, age‐adjusted prevalence odds ratios (PORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to examine patient characteristics associated with decreased PA. Results: A total of 893 eligible participants completed the survey (mean age 57.8 ± 14.9 years, 75.8% female). The most common primary diagnoses reported among participants included rheumatoid arthritis (27.3%), osteoarthritis (16.0%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (13.0%). More than half of participants (56.8%) reported engaging in less PA since the pandemic began. Factors associated with engaging in less PA included lower self‐reported general health (POR, 2.21; CI, 1.64‐2.97) and a diagnosis of SLE (POR, 1.57; CI, 1.03‐2.38). Comorbidities associated with decreased PA included chronic pain (POR, 1.38; CI, 1.04‐1.82), depression (POR, 1.48; CI, 1.09‐2.01), and hypertension (POR, 1.44; CI, 1.10‐1.90). Conclusion: The COVID‐19 pandemic has exacerbated barriers to PA in patients with RMDs. There is a critical need to provide resources, support, and multifaceted programs to encourage PA in patients with RMDs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being aware of the positive health-related outcomes of physical activity, many people remain inactive. The aim of this study is to apply a combination of constructs from the health action process approach and self-determination theory, as well as habit and morningness/eveningness, to predict physical activity engagement. A prospective design was used to collect data from 136 participants (16–64 years old), at two-time points, one week apart. The sample consisted of 99 women, 36 men and 1 individual who identified as non-binary. Participants preferred time-of-day was measured using the Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale (MESSi), while physical activity engagement was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short-version). Two hierarchical, multiple regressions were conducted, to predict motivation to engage and to directly predict physical activity engagement. Furthermore, a mediation analysis was conducted to determine the effect of planning on physical activity engagement. Results showed that younger individuals and those with greater self-efficacy were more motivated to engage while planning directly predicted physical activity engagement. However, morningness/eveningness did not significantly predict engagement. Additionally, planning was found to mediate the motivation-engagement relationship. This study demonstrates how planning influences individuals' physical activity engagement, as well as the role self-efficacy and age play in their motivation to engage. Even though morningness/eveningness was not an important predictor, behaviour change techniques related to action planning and the use of multi-component approaches to behaviour change, could be used in interventions focused on increasing individuals' physical activity engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer has one of the highest incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Physical activity can provide those diagnosed with lung cancer with several physical and psychological benefits. However, the examination of digitally delivered physical activity to those with lung cancer is not as researched as other common cancers. Often, those diagnosed with lung cancer are older adults (65 years or older). Older adults are often wrongly assumed to lack digital skills, interest, and not engage with digital technology regularly. Although individuals are interested, would involving older people in designing of websites and apps result in better engagement? Main body: In this article, the authors discuss the process of adapting a digital platform with a patient and public involvement group to provide those who have received a lung cancer diagnosis with a tailored physical activity program and health educational modules. We discuss the influence of recurrent patient and public involvement on the study, the patient and public involvement members, and the doctoral researcher. Conclusion: Working with a patient and public involvement group over several months, especially potential users of a digital intervention, may enhance its relevance, accessibility, and usability. By engaging with patients, family, or caregivers for someone with lung cancer, the doctoral student gained insight into the needs of the study population and what to consider during development. All group members expressed their interest and enjoyment in their involvement, and several are now active members of a wider patient and public involvement network. Plain English summary: This commentary describes how patient public involvement has been used to adapt a website called ExerciseGuide UK. This website provides a personalised physical activity program and education to those diagnosed with lung cancer. The programme is altered to allow for each patient's capabilities. Reflections on how the study affected both the researcher and the PPI members are discussed. The commentary gives the patient and public involvement members a voice in their involvement experience. It highlights the difference that their sustained involvement made to the study, the doctoral researcher, and those who were involved. Globally, lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death and remains one of the most common types of cancer. Digital technology, such as websites, mobile applications, and smart wearable devices (e.g., Apple Watch and Fitbits), have increasingly been used in health research over the last few decades. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, research into digital technology has increased rapidly. Individuals diagnosed with lung cancer may experience a large number of physically and emotionally limiting symptoms, such as a higher risk of severe illness due to infections. With the large symptom burden they experience, digital technology may provide alternative and more accessible methods which can be altered to suit and help their specific needs. The patient and public involvement group members had all either been diagnosed with lung cancer, cared for someone with lung cancer, or experienced lung cancer in their family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle which requires energy expenditure is known as physical activity (PA). WHO has recommended that at least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA or a combination of both per week is required for health benefits. Physical inactivity is one of the strongest risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and other conditions and is attributable to 6% of global premature death. However, data on the PA of teachers are unavailable in Nepal. They are considered one of the risk groups for NCDs because of the less active nature of their job. So, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the educational intervention based on the theory of planned behaviour on PA intention among secondary school teachers in Bhaktapur district, Nepal. For this study, we recruited 126 teachers from 6 schools. Each intervention and control group contained three randomly selected secondary schools. All the teachers from the selected schools were enrolled in the respective groups. A quasiexperimental (pretest-posttest control group) study design was used to test the effectiveness of the intervention on attitude, behaviour control, subjective norms, and intention for engaging in regular PA. Both groups underwent baseline and follow-up assessments at four weeks using the self-administered questionnaire developed for this study. The intervention group delivered a one-hour lecture session supported by audio-video materials for PA promotion. The effect was analysed by comparing the changes in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) constructs within and between intervention and control groups. The difference in scores between and within the groups was tested using Student's t -test. Adjusted difference-in-difference scores were calculated through linear regression. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science version 26.0. The adjusted mean score increase in TPB constructs due to the interaction of time and intervention increased from 0.641 to 1.381. The highest gain (beta = 1.381) was seen in the intention score, while a minor improvement was seen in perceived behavioural control (beta = 0.641). After the intervention, the net increase in PA intention score was 9.35% compared to the control group. Thus, the promotion package was effective in increasing PA intention. The findings of this study and educational package could be helpful in encouraging teachers to engage in PA in other schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant public health concern worldwide. Alcohol consumption is a leading cause of death in the United States and has a significant negative impact on individuals and society. Relapse following treatment is common, and adjunct intervention approaches to improve alcohol outcomes during early recovery continue to be critical. Interventions focused on increasing physical activity (PA) may improve AUD treatment outcomes. Given the ubiquity of smartphones and activity trackers, integrating this technology into a mobile app may be a feasible, acceptable, and scalable approach for increasing PA in individuals with AUD. Objective: This study aims to test the Fit&Sober app developed for patients with AUD. The goals of the app were to facilitate self-monitoring of PA engagement and daily mood and alcohol cravings, increase awareness of immediate benefits of PA on mood and cravings, encourage setting and adjusting PA goals, provide resources and increase knowledge for increasing PA, and serve as a resource for alcohol relapse prevention strategies. Methods: To preliminarily test the Fit&Sober app, we conducted an open pilot trial of patients with AUD in early recovery (N=22; 13/22, 59% women; mean age 43.6, SD 11.6 years). At the time of hospital admission, participants drank 72% of the days in the last 3 months, averaging 9 drinks per drinking day. The extent to which the Fit&Sober app was feasible and acceptable among patients with AUD during early recovery was examined. Changes in alcohol consumption, PA, anxiety, depression, alcohol craving, and quality of life were also examined after 12 weeks of app use. Results: Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the Fit&Sober app. App metadata suggested that participants were still using the app approximately 2.5 days per week by the end of the intervention. Pre-post analyses revealed small-to-moderate effects on increase in PA, from a mean of 5784 (SD 2511) steps per day at baseline to 7236 (SD 3130) steps per day at 12 weeks (Cohen d=0.35). Moderate-to-large effects were observed for increases in percentage of abstinent days (Cohen d=2.17) and quality of life (Cohen d=0.58) as well as decreases in anxiety (Cohen d=-0.71) and depression symptoms (Cohen d=-0.58). Conclusions: The Fit&Sober app is an acceptable and feasible approach for increasing PA in patients with AUD during early recovery. A future randomized controlled trial is necessary to determine the efficacy of the Fit&Sober app for long-term maintenance of PA, ancillary mental health, and alcohol outcomes. If the efficacy of the Fit&Sober app could be established, patients with AUD would have a valuable adjunct to traditional alcohol treatment that can be delivered in any setting and at any time, thereby improving the overall health and well-being of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the role of subjective well-being in the relationship between physical activity (PA) and anxiety and whether the model is moderated by gender. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey by selecting 1153 college students from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China, and data were analyzed using SPSS, Process, and AMOS. Results: 1) Correlation analysis showed that PA, subjective well-being, and anxiety were significantly related. Also, we found subjective well-being to differ significantly on the demographic variable registered residence. 2) Subjective well-being played a mediating role between PA and anxiety. 3) Gender played a moderating role in the direct effect of PA on anxiety, shown by the significant difference in the path coefficients between the male and female models (male: β = − 0.03, p > 0.05, female: β = 0.10, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Subjective well-being mediated the relationship between PA and anxiety, and gender moderated the mediating model. These findings highlight the importance of PA in reducing anxiety and increasing subjective well-being in the context of an epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used self-determination theory to provide a better understanding of learner motivation in a physical education program. Students participated in a sports unit with choice in activities, equipment, partners, and competition as opposed to a traditional teacher-led activity unit. The objective was to determine differences in motivation and perceptions of physical education in grade school children. An alternating treatment design was used in which students experienced both a teacher-led unit and a student choice-driven sports unit. Fifty fifth-grade students from a suburban school in the Western United States participated in this study. Students were assessed through a number of parameters: physical activity enjoyment, situational motivation, fourth- and fifth-grade student attitudes toward physical education, pedometer readings, and interviews. This study used t tests and repeated-measures analyses of variance to explore differences based on condition (i.e., choices and/or teacher led) and gender, as well as common comparisons (i.e., trustworthiness measures) for the interview data. Students displayed significantly higher enjoyment ratings when they had the choice condition second (from the alternating treatment design), immediately before posttests, and boys rated enjoyment of physical education significantly higher than did girls. In another measure, the group with choices of the hockey unit was predominantly more active in the sport than those participating in the teacher-led activity. The interview themes elicited the following responses: (a) students expressed a desire for instructional choices, but not in team selections; (b) students loved sports, but they also wanted more fitness; and (c) students identified and valued instructional choices. The findings suggest that competence plays a critical role in physical education, and when students can choose the level of competition and play in small group games, they feel more competent, play more, and have higher enjoyment ratings within the physical education program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lack of physical activity is a critical contributing risk factor to cardiovascular disease. Hence, regular physical activity is a mainstay in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Despite the extensive promotion of physical activity in both primary and secondary prevention programs, including cardiac rehabilitation, physical activity levels in the cardiac population remain low. Therefore, it is crucial to understand critical determinants that influence physical activity behavior. Objective: This study aims to deliver a systematic review of studies with collated observational data exploring the association between determinants and physical activity behavior in the target population. These new insights inform the design of future interventions targeted at lasting heart-healthy physical activity behavior in the cardiac population. Methods: Primary studies with observational quantitative data on determinants and their association with physical activity behavior in the cardiac population will be included. Information on relevant primary studies will be retrieved from various databases, including Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Web of Science Core Collection. Six reviewers will independently double-screen articles. Studies will be selected according to the prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data will be extracted and entered into suitable worksheets. The US-based National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Study Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Studies will be used to assess the quality of all eligible primary studies. The results will be presented in a descriptive and narrative synthesis. If the type and quality of data are suitable, meta-analyses will be conducted. Study reporting will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Results: Data collection started in September 2020, and the literature search was updated in July 2021. Data synthesis is ongoing, and the literature search will be updated in October 2022. Conclusions: This review will be valuable to relevant stakeholders, including clinicians and health care professionals, intervention developers, and decision makers in health care. It lays a comprehensive foundation for understanding the determinants of physical activity to inform the design of secondary prevention interventions relevant to the cardiac population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Physical activity and exercise provide unequivocal benefits to those living with and beyond lung cancer. However, few of those living with and beyond cancer meet the national physical activity guidelines. Various barriers exist for this population's engagement in physical activity and exercise, such as the lack of knowledge and lack of tailored information, little access to exercise specialists, fatigue, and mobility challenges. Digitally delivered programmes have the potential to address several of these barriers, with techniques like "computer-tailoring" available to enable the delivery of tailored content at a time and place that is convenient. However, evaluation of such programmes is needed prior to implementation. This protocol describes a single group study that will examine the feasibility and acceptability of an online tool (ExerciseGuide UK) that provides those living with and beyond lung cancer web-based computer-tailored physical activity prescription and modules underpinned by behaviour change theories. Methods: Thirty-five individuals diagnosed with lung cancer, or cancer affecting the lung (e.g. pleural mesothelioma), will be recruited into a single-intervention arm. The platform will provide tailored resources and a personalised physical activity programme using IF-THEN algorithms. Exercise prescription will be tailored on factors such as self-reported specific pain location, exercise history, and current physical fitness. In addition, modules grounded in behaviour change will supplement the physical activity programme and will focus on topics such as exercise benefits, safety, goal setting, and tracking. The primary outcome will be assessed using pre-established criteria on feasibility and mixed-methods approach for acceptability. Secondary outcomes will explore changes in the physical activity, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Discussion: This manuscript describes the protocol for a study examining the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based computer-tailored physical activity intervention for those living with and beyond lung cancer. The publication of this protocol aims to increase the transparency of the methods, report pre-determined criteria, and aid replication of the study and associated materials. If feasible and acceptable, this intervention will inform future studies of digital-based interventions. Trail registration: ClinicalTrails.gov, NCT05121259. Registered on November 16, 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the text is to discuss the use of technologies in Physical Education (PE) at schools. The research focused on the pupils of an upper-primary school/lower-secondary school, who were given experimental PE for a period of 10 weeks. The research objective was to identify typical groups of students on the basis of their physical performances and motivation. Unifittest 6-60, a standardized motor-skills test, was used to measure physical performances, and the Czech translation of SIMS, a Canadian–American standardized test, was used to specify the degree of motivation. Based on the obtained data, the method of cluster analysis identified three typical groups of pupils. These three groups differ in their approach to the use of mobile applications in the process of PE. The research results show that thanks to the implementation of mobile phones in the process of PE and thanks to a different approach taken by the teacher, increased internal motivation and an increase in identified regulation can be seen, as well as a decrease in amotivation and a rapid increase in motor performances, especially in the case of students whose performances are average or below average in usual PE classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic had a global impact, increasing the prevalence of physical inactivity, which is mostly due to the lockdown and social distancing measures adopted during the pandemic. Hence, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of augmented reality-based training on physical activity performance and motivation in healthy adults to mirror visual feedback training and conventional physical therapy. This study used the randomized control trial pretest-posttest research design. Forty-eight healthy men aged 18-35 years who were engaged in recreational physical activities were enrolled and randomly divided into four groups: augmented reality-based training reality (ART), mirror visual feedback training (MVFT), therapist-based training (TBT), and control group. The total training program was held for four weeks. The isokinetic dynamometer, sit-and-reach test, Y balance test, and the intrinsic motivation inventory-22 were used to measure the outcomes before and after the intervention. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the changes before and after the intervention within groups, while the one-way ANOVA was used for the comparison between the groups. Results of the study showed that, after four weeks of intervention, balance, muscle strength, and muscle endurance in all groups significantly improved except for the control group. The ART group showed the highest increase in muscle strength, muscle endurance, and balance compared to the other groups. The motivation level increased in all three feedback groups and was observed in the following order: ART group > MVFT group > TBT group > control group. This study highlighted the most effective method that may be applied for home training during and after this period of the pandemic. The findings revealed that training while receiving real-time feedback via AR devices improves both physical performance and motivation. Augmented reality-based training can be used as an effective training option for improving physical activity and motivation and can be suggested for home training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop an intervention strategy based on the social-ecological model's individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels for increasing adolescents' physical activity in Pakistan. Based on the social-ecological model, an 8-week intervention was conducted for 618 school students in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design was adopted, administering self-report measures before and after the intervention. Intervention materials were delivered by leaflet once a week to the intervention group. Repeated measure analysis of variance was applied to verify the intervention effects at pre- and post-test conditions. The results show that a significant intervention effect was identified from the repeated measure analysis of variance for the intervention group's physical activity participation compared to the control group from baseline (M = 12.01, SD = 0.136) to the 8-week post-test (M = 16.30, SD = 0.125). The intervention based on the social-ecological model has sufficiently and effectively improved physical activity among school adolescents in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Simple Summary: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Screening, early diagnosis, and surgical techniques might increase patients' survival, leading to a rise in the health-related consequences of anti-neoplastic therapies, such as cardiotoxicity following anthracycline treatments. Alongside conventional therapies, physical activity seems to reduce treatment side effects, improving quality of life either after a breast cancer diagnosis or in the early steps post-surgery. This review offers a general framework for the role of anthracycline in the physio-pathological mechanisms of cardiotoxicity and the effect of exercise on cancer treatment side effects. Moreover, we propose the type and the timing of exercise to better assist patients and reduce the pressure on the health care system in breast cancer patients undergoing anthracycline. The increase in breast cancer (BC) survival has determined a growing survivor population that seems to develop several comorbidities and, specifically, treatment-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially those patients treated with anthracyclines. Indeed, it is known that these compounds act through the induction of supraphysiological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which appear to be central mediators of numerous direct and indirect cardiac adverse consequences. Evidence suggests that physical exercise (PE) practised before, during or after BC treatments could represent a viable non-pharmacological strategy as it increases heart tolerance against many cardiotoxic agents, and therefore improves several functional, subclinical, and clinical parameters. At molecular level, the cardioprotective effects are mainly associated with an exercise-induced increase of stress response proteins (HSP60 and HSP70) and antioxidant (SOD activity, GSH), as well as a decrease in lipid peroxidation, and pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax, Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, this protection can potentially be explained by a preservation of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform distribution. Despite this knowledge, it is not clear which type of exercise should be suggested in BC patient undergoing anthracycline treatment. This highlights the lack of special guidelines on how affected patients should be managed more efficiently. This review offers a general framework for the role of anthracyclines in the physio-pathological mechanisms of cardiotoxicity and the potential protective role of PE. Finally, potential exercise-based strategies are discussed on the basis of scientific findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As the world's population ages, hip replacement, a routine treatment for arthritis, has become more common. However, after surgery, rehabilitation has some limited effectiveness with postoperative complications and persistent impairments. This study aimed to explore the effect of a self-efficacy-enhancing intervention program following hip replacement on patients' rehabilitation outcomes (self-efficacy, functional exercise compliance, hip function, activity and social participation, anxiety and depression, and quality of life). Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial with a repeated-measures, two-group design was conducted in a grade A general hospital in Guangdong Province, China. A total of 150 participants with a unilateral total hip replacement were recruited via convenience sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to either the self-efficacy enhancing intervention group (n = 76) or the control group (n = 74). The intervention encompassed a face-to-face education before discharge and four telephone-based follow-ups in six months after surgery. Researchers collected baseline data on one to three days after surgery, and outcomes data were collected one, three, and six months after surgery. Results: Average age (deviation) in intervention and control group were 58 (10.32) and 59 (10.82), respectively. After six months, intervention group scored 86.83 ± 5.89 in rehabilitation self-efficacy, significantly higher than control group (72.16 ± 6.52, t = -10.820, p < 0.001) and their hip function has turned to "excellent" (90.52 ± 4.03), while that of the latter was limited to a "middle" level (78.47 ± 7.57). Statistically significant differences were found in secondary outcomes (p < 0.001). The advantage of intervention in improving quality of life was seen in the long term rather than in the early postoperative period. Conclusions: The self-efficacy-enhancing intervention performed by nurses induced better exercise compliance and physical, psychological, and social functions after hip replacement compared with routine care. We recommend such interventions to be combined with routine care soon after hip replacement. Further research should focus on the social participation of patients with hip replacement. Trial registration Retrospectively registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (31/01/2020, No. ChiCTR2000029422, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rapid development of technology has led to the transfer of entertainment to the virtual world. Many games and multimedia applications use the so-called augmented reality. With the development of a new technological branch, a new health problem has emerged, which is infoholic addiction, attracting people with the specific functionality that is cyberspace and the virtual world. Objective: The study aimed to assess health behaviors and the risk of addiction among users of urban multimedia games. Research methodology. The study was conducted among players 1,134 of urban multimedia games—Pokemon GO, in the period March–June 2021. A 990 correctly completed questionnaires were included in the final analyses. The author's questionnaire was used in the study, which included two standardized measurement scales in the Polish abbreviated version: a questionnaire of emotions and sensations associated with electronic entertainment and a questionnaire on addiction to electronic forms of entertainment. Statistica 13.0 program was used for statistical processing of the data. The probability level was p < 0.05. Results: The profile of the gamer was identified as male, aged 18–30 years, with secondary education (more rarely higher), not in a relationship, living in a city of more than 100 thousand inhabitants—60.1% of gamers met these criteria. Respondents played urban multimedia games daily (84.7%). About 26.3% of respondents played this type of game 2–3 h a day. In terms of physical fitness, 64.3% of respondents felt that physical fitness had improved as a result of playing multimedia urban games. In terms of mental condition, most of the respondents said that nothing had changed (55.3%). It was observed that 72.3% of respondents had some risk of addiction to urban multimedia games. Conclusion: Users of urban multimedia games were usually adult men living in big cities. It was also shown that the defined profile of the player was characterized by a higher risk of addiction to electronic forms of entertainment. It was observed that the respondents most often played urban multimedia games every day in a maximum of two-hour sessions. Based on the tools used, it can be concluded that the study group was characterized by a certain risk of addiction to urban multimedia games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study addresses knowledge gaps in research regarding influences of routine health care delivery of physical activity on prescription (PAP). The aim was to investigate if patient and health care characteristics are associated with increased physical activity 1 year after prescription among patients offered counselor support in addition to health care professionals' prescription. The study was conducted in primary and secondary care in a Swedish health care region.Methods: All PAP recipients during 1 year were invited (N = 1503) to participate in this observational prospective study. Data were collected from medical records and questionnaires (baseline and follow-up). Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were used. The outcome variable was increased physical activity after 1 year. Study variables were patient and health care characteristics.Results: Three hundred and fifty-five patients with complete follow-up data were included. The mean age was 62 years (SD = 14; range, 18-90) and 68% were females. Almost half (47%) had increased physical activity 1 year after PAP. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that increased physical activity at follow-up was positively associated with lower baseline activity, counselor use, and positive perception of support. Counselor users with low baseline activity had higher odds ratio for increased physical activity at follow-up than non-users (OR = 7.2, 95% CI = 2.2-23.5 vs. OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.4-7.5). Positive perception of support was associated with increased physical activity among counselor users but not among non-users.Conclusions: An increase in physical activity after PAP was related to low baseline activity, positive perception of support, and use of counselor support after PAP. Qualified counseling support linked to PAP seems to be important for achieving increased physical activity among patients with lower baseline activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, exercise and physical activity have become common, and given sports psychology development, the desire for physical activity plays a vital role in influencing peoples mental health. Aim: This study is conducted to examine the effect of passion for physical activity on the psychological well-being of sports facilities participants. Method: The method is descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The population was all participants in sports facilities of Tehran, District 15, in 2021. The sample size was determined by Gpower 3.1, and 348 people were selected by the simple random sampling method. In order to collect data, the Passion for Physical Activity Scale (Vallerand et al., 2003), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Bails et al. 1998), Self-neglect and Physical Injury Experience Scale (Louis et al., 2016) were used. Statistical analysis was conducted by structural equations modeling with SPSS-24 and Smart PLS-3. Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that obsessive (p=0.001) and harmonious (p=0.003) passions have a significant negative and positive effect on self-neglect. Also, obsessive passion has a significant positive effect on satisfaction with life, and obsessive passion has a significant positive effect on workout injury (p=0.001). Finally, self-neglect has a significant negative effect on satisfaction with life (p=0.001), but no significant effect was observed on the workout injury (p=0.204). Conclusion: The results show that obsessive and harmonious passions negatively and positively affect psychological well-being. Managers and officials should develop sports activities in intervention strategies to improve satisfaction and psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]