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2. A Scientometric Study of Fuel Cell Based on Paper and Patent Analysis.

Author

Mu-Hsuan Huang and Hsiao-Wen Yang

Subjects
*SCIENTOMETRICS, *FUEL cells, *PATENTS, *BIBLIOMETRICS, *INFORMATION retrieval, *PAPER
Abstract

The study utilizes bibliometrics to explore papers and patents in the field of fuel cell to examine the scientific and technical development in the area. The research data were retrieved from the WOS database and USPTO patent data from the period between 1991 and 2010, which consists of 20,758 papers and 8,112 patents. The authors analyzed numbers of papers and patents to examine the trends in the papers and patents in different countries, organizations and individuals. The results indicate upward growth in both papers and patents in fuel cell, with a higher growth rate for papers. The study shows that major paper and patent output are concentrated in a small number of countries. An imbalance exists between the number of papers published and the patents granted in organizations. The organizations that published papers and patents vary in type and category. Very few individual researchers are able to produce high numbers of both papers and patents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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3. Small-size biofuel cell on paper

Author

Zhang, Lingling, Zhou, Ming, Wen, Dan, Bai, Lu, Lou, Baohua, and Dong, Shaojun

Subjects
*FUEL cells, *IONIC liquids, *CARBON nanotubes, *NANOCOMPOSITE materials, *ELECTROLYTIC reduction, *ELECTROCHEMISTRY, *BILIRUBIN oxidase
Abstract

Abstract: In this work, we demonstrated a novel paper-based mediator-less and compartment-less biofuel cell (BFC) with small size (1.5cm×1.5cm). Ionic liquid functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs-IL) nanocomposite was used as support for both stably confining the anodic biocatalyst (i.e., NAD+-dependent glucose dehydrogenase, GDH) for glucose electrooxidation and for facilitating direct electrochemistry of the cathodic biocatalyst (i.e., bilirubin oxidase, BOD) for O2 electroreduction. Such BFC provided a simple approach to fabricate low-cost and portable power devices on small-size paper, which can harvest energy from a wide range of commercial beverages containing glucose (e.g., Nescafe instant coffee, Maidong vitamin water, Watermelon fresh juice, and Minute Maid grape juice). These made the low-cost paper-based biodevice potential for broad energy applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2012
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5. Differences in structure and property of carbon paper and carbon cloth diffusion media and their impact on proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow field design

Author

Prathap Haridoss and V. M. Radhakrishnan

Subjects
Pressure drop, business.product_category, Materials science, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, A-carbon, B. Fabric, Carbon cloths, Carbon paper, Channel widths, E. Electrical, E. Mechanical, Electrical property, Electrical resistivity, Electrical resistivity measurements, Flow channels, Flow-field design, Fuel cell electrodes, Gas diffusion media, Lower stress, PEM fuel cell, Potential drop, Proton exchange membranes, Reactant gas, Structure and properties, Diffusion in gases, Electric conductivity, Flow fields, Mathematical models, Paper, Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), Protons, Structural design, Carbon Papers, Diffusion, Fuel Cells, Mathematical Models, Pressure Gradient, Resistivity, Structural Design, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electrode, Compressibility, Gaseous diffusion, Composite material, business, Voltage drop
Abstract

Gas diffusion media (GDM) and flow fields perform the task of distributing the reactant gases uniformly over the active electrochemical area in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Carbon paper and carbon cloth are two commonly employed gas diffusion media in PEM fuel cells, and they differ widely in their structure and properties. Since the path of the reactant gases to the catalyst in the fuel cell electrodes involves passing through the flow fields as well as the GDM, a good design for a fuel cell requires an understanding of the interaction between these components. The focus of the present work is to study the impact of the difference in structure and properties of the diffusion media used, on the design of the PEM fuel cell flow field. Carbon paper and carbon cloth were characterized for the pressure drop they cause when used as GDMs, for channel intrusion, compressibility and electrical resistivity. Carbon cloth exhibits about 43-125% more intrusion into the channel in comparison with carbon paper for the conditions tested. This intrusion results in increased pressure drop in the flow channel especially at higher channel widths and at higher compression. Compression studies reveal that carbon cloth lacks compression rigidity and suffers considerable strain at lower stress values whereas carbon paper is relatively rigid in nature. The results indicate that the intrusion of carbon cloth into the channel, constraints the channel width in a flow field design if it were to be used with a carbon cloth GDM as opposed to a carbon paper GDM. Electrical resistivity measurements were carried out and a simple mathematical model has been developed for the potential drop in the GDM. The model indicates that even from the perspective of electrical properties, use of carbon cloth GDM constraints the channel width that is permissible in flow field design. � 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2011