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This paper represents a multimodal analysis of the paraverbal (prosodic and gesture) features of expressive female political speech in Latin America and Spain. The language corpus consisted of public speeches delivered by Spanish-speaking female politicians Eva Peron, Christina de Kirchner and Manuela Carmena. The article includes an overview of theoretical approaches to female speech studies and follows current trends in modern sociolinguistics, which, on the one hand, accumulate the classical techniques (particularly, experimental methods) of studying the gender-related specifics of the oral female speech based on social standing, age and professional affiliation, and, on the other hand, reflect the latest approaches to the contrastive analysis of socio-political discourse in the "Spanish-Speaking World" (Spain and Latin America). This contributes to the study of gender, speech effect and comparative issues. We offer an audiovisual analysis method for studying voice and kinetic means of the expressive speech of female politicians in Spain and Latin America. This allows determining the ethno-specific correlates of expressiveness in a speech of female politicians at the verbal and paraverbal levels and building an updated model of female political expressiveness based on the integrity of its verbal and paraverbal categories.

Sectarian readings explain the conflicts in the Middle East through religious variables. This paper criticises their reproduction in Latin American international relations, which draw on the epistemological and ontological assumptions of hegemonic/Western approaches to international relations. This is not inconsequential, as it constitutes an identity politics that simultaneously constructs Western identity and reaffirms and perpetuates prejudices that "other" the Middle East. From Latin America, such readings form part of peripheral Orientalism and produce subjectivity effects that distance the Latin American region from the Global South, as well as consolidating their marginal position in global power relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Antropología Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RIE: Revista de Investigacion Educativa is the property of RIE: Revista de Investigacion Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universitas Humanística is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper describes the survey results reporting demographic profiles, behaviours, opinions, beliefs, attitudes, and intentions related to condom use for three Canadian ethnocultural communities (Latin American, English-speaking Caribbean and South Asian) participating in the Ethnocultural Communities Facing AIDS Study. Specific recommendations are presented for HIV-prevention programming based on the research results.

Even if questions of how resources are distributed within and between societies are the main concern, it is necessary to continue to grapple with the issue of the causes of economic growth since economic growth and level of development continue to be among the most important causes of inequality, poverty, unemployment, and the quality of life. This paper's dependent variable is the economic growth rate of 55 less developed countries (LDCs) over 2 time periods. 1970-78 and 1965-84. The causal model consists of control variables--level of development and domestic investment in 1965--and a variety of independent variables drawn from major sociological theories of economic growth published during the last 3 decades. Multiple regression analysis shows that, net of the effects of the 2 control variables, the variables which have the strongest effect on economic growth are: 1) direct foreign investment, which has a negative effect, 2) the proportion of the population in military service, and 3) the primary school enrollment ratio, both of which have positive effects on economic growth. On the other hand, variables drawn from some theories receive no empirical support. The mass media of communications, ethnolinguistic heterogeneity, democracy and human rights, income inequality, and state-centric theory's key variable, state strength, all fail to show any significant impact on economic growth rates when the control variables and the significant independent variables are held constant. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Copyright of Civilisations is the property of Institut de Sociologie - ULB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Self-perception of ethnicity is a complex social trait shaped by both, biological and non-biological factors. We developed a comprehensive analysis of ethnic self-perception (ESP) on a large sample of Latin American mestizos from five countries, differing in age, socio-economic and education context, external phenotypic attributes and genetic background. We measured the correlation of ESP against genomic ancestry, and the influence of physical appearance, socio-economic context, and education on the distortion observed between both. Here we show that genomic ancestry is correlated to aspects of physical appearance, which in turn affect the individual ethnic self-perceived ancestry. Also, we observe that, besides the significant correlation among genomic ancestry and ESP, specific physical or socio-economic attributes have a strong impact on self-perception. In addition, the distortion among ESP and genomic ancestry differs across age ranks/countries, probably suggesting the underlying effect of past public policies regarding identity. Our results indicate that individuals' own ideas about its origins should be taken with caution, especially in aspects of modern life, including access to work, social policies, and public health key decisions such as drug administration, therapy design, and clinical trials, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research considers a sample of 39 Latin American community studies in order to develop cross-national structural measures of the concepts community social solidarity and ethnic rigidity. The inter- relationships among these two social phenomena and a third structural variable, community differentiation, are examined. A previously available Gunman scale of differentiation of Latin American communities is utilized along with two new Gunman scales of Latin American solidarity and ethnic rigidity. The scale of ethnic rigidity involves a solution to defining ethnic groups as well as of measuring rigidity. Investigated are opposing theoretical positions as to whether a social systems' solidarity and social rigidities are tautologically related or not. Hypotheses having implications for the relationship between these two variables and measures of development are examined. Results include implications for community theory, the study of ethnic groups, and community development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To summarise the findings from this supplemental issue on the distribution of malnutrition (stunting/short stature, anaemia and overweight) by wealth, education and ethnicity within and between ten Latin American countries.Design: We retrieved information from each country's article and estimated the average difference in the prevalence of malnutrition between groups. We estimated the associations between countries' malnutrition prevalence and GDP, percentage of women with high education and percentage of non-indigenous ethnicity.Setting: Nationally representative surveys from ten Latin American countries conducted between 2005 and 2017.Participants: Children (<5 years), adolescent women (11-19 years) and adult women (20-49 years).Results: Socially disadvantaged groups (low wealth, low education and indigenous ethnicity) had on average 15-21 (range across indicators and age groups) percentage points (pp) higher prevalence of stunting/short stature and 3-11 pp higher prevalence of anaemia. For overweight or obesity, adult women with low education had a 17 pp higher prevalence; differences were small among children <5 years, and results varied by country for adolescents by education, and for adults and adolescents by wealth and ethnicity. A moderate and strong correlation (-0·58 and -0·71) was only found between stunting/short stature prevalence and countries' GDP per capita and percentage of non-indigenous households.Conclusions: Overweight was equally distributed among children; findings were mixed for ethnicity and wealth, whereas education was a protective factor among adult women. There is an urgent need to address the deep inequalities in undernutrition and prevent the emerging inequalities in excess weight from developing further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Pediatrica de Mexico is the property of Instituto Nacional de Pediatria (INP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores law's protagonism and effects in contemporary conflicts over development, natural resource extraction, and indigenous peoples' rights. It focuses on the sociolegal site where these conflicts have been most visible and acute: consultations with indigenous peoples prior to the undertaking of economic projects that affect them. I argue that legal disputes over prior consultation are part of a broader process of juridification of ethnic claims, which I call 'ethnicity.gov.' I examine the plurality of public and private regulations involved in this process and trace their affinity with the procedural logic of neoliberal global governance. I further argue that ethnicity.gov is a highly contested field, as shown by the legal strategies and regulatory frameworks on consultation, which the global indigenous rights movement has advanced in opposition to neoliberalism. Drawing on empirical research in Colombia and other Latin American countries, I study consultation in action and document its ambiguous effects on indigenous peoples' rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the historical prevalence of single motherhood in Latin America and its rise in recent years, there is limited knowledge on the magnitude and consequences of father absence as experienced by children. Using a nationally representative sample from the 2002 Guatemalan Reproductive Health Survey, this study provides unprecedented documentation on the national prevalence of children’s separate living arrangements from their biological fathers and nonresident fathers’ paternity establishment and child support payments. Using random-intercept models, this study further demonstrates that father absence has a negative effect on the school enrollment of indigenous children of both sexes and Ladino male children. Increased poverty in father-absent households explains a smaller proportion of this adverse effect on indigenous children, suggesting that their fathers, when present, play a stronger social, rather than economic, role compared to their Ladino counterparts. Finally, child support payments attenuate the negative effects of father absence, particularly among Ladino male children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos Judaicos is the property of Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This review examines literature on indigenous movements in Latin America from 1992 to 2004. It addresses ethnic identity and ethnic activism, in particular the reindianization processes occurring in indigenous communities throughout the region. We explore the impact that states and indigenous mobilizing efforts have had on each other, as well as the role of transnational nongovernmental organizations and para-statal organizations, neoliberalism more broadly, and armed conflict. Shifts in ethnoracial, political, and cultural indigenous discourses are examined, special attention being paid to new deployments of rhetorics concerned with political imaginaries, customary law, culture, and identity. Self-representational strategies will be numerous and dynamic, identities themselves multiple, fluid, and abundantly positional. The challenges these dynamics present for anthropological field research and ethnographic writing are discussed, as is the dialogue between scholars, indigenous and not, and activists, indigenous and not. Conclusions suggest potentially fruitful research directions for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the causes of the disparity in collective rights gained by indigenous and Afro-Latin groups in recent rounds of multicultural citizenship reform in Latin America. Instead of attributing the greater success of indians in winning collective rights to differences in population size, higher levels of indigenous group identity or higher levels of organisation of the indigenous movement, it is argued that the main cause of the disparity, is the fact that collective rights are adjudicated on the basis of possessing a distinct group identity defined in cultural or ethnic terms. Indians are generally better positioned than most Afro-Latinos to claim ethnic group identities separate from the national culture and have therefore been more successful in winning collective rights. It is suggested that one of the potentially negative consequences of basing group fights on the assertion of cultural difference is that it might lead indigenous groups and Afro-Latinos to privilege issues of cultural recognition over questions of racial discrimination as bases for political mobilisation in the era of multicultural politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probes the dialectical relationship between elite black and white interpretations of American identity implicit in the welfare visions and management styles embraced by Howard Orphanage and Industrial School's mostly white directors and its black staff. Examination on the conceptual insights generated by exchanges among scholars of subaltern groups in colonial and postcolonial Latin America, Africa, and Asia; Ideas that have obvious implications for untangling the overlapping identities and complex social relations in African-American history; Historical background of the tension-ridden evolution of American exceptionalism and its dialectical interaction with subaltern identities during the Progressive-era history of the Howard Orphanage and Industrial School.

Deals with indigenous farming populations among whom evangelical Protestantism has had particular success. Formulation of non-denunciatory hypotheses which are set against the evidence from Mexico, Guatamela, Ecuador and Columbia; Discussion on Protestantism and tradition in Indian Mexico; Analysis of ethnicity and Protestantism in Ecuador; Significance of Protestantism in the Indian population in the Cauca department of Columbia.

Focuses on the history of ethnic resistance of the indigenous people of Latin America. European colonialism's impact on the Indians; Peasants and intellectuals; Indian ecology and economy; Hegemony of Indian mobilization.

Focuses on aspects of the construction and use of ethnic identity that contribute to debates on relationship between class and ethnicity in Latin America. Indigenous ethnicity in Mexico; Zapotec ethnicity; Mixtec ethnicity.

Focuses on ethnic identity, highlighting an analysis of the relationship between economic adjustment and increasing levels of indigenous mobilization in Latin America. Reference to studies on the social effects of economic adjustment; Identity and grievances among Latin American Indians; Reference to indigenous mobilization in Bolivia, Peru and Mexico.

Explores the social, cultural and political determinants of ethnic and proto-national identity in Spanish America during the late colonial period and the wars for independence. Cultural history of the Caribbean colony in Puerto Rico; Ways in which an understanding of certain texts can open up larger vistas on how new ethnicities are constructed.

Background: Significant racial/ethnic disparities exist in the prevalence of functional disability among older Americans. Objective: The study analyzed the odds of older people in the United States experiencing single and multiple disabilities, by race and region of birth. Method: Data came from the American Community Survey (2011–2015). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used. Results: Region of birth, race/ethnicity, age, citizenship status, duration of stay, sex, marital status, veteran status, educational attainment, poverty status, and class of workers were all significantly associated with reports of either single or multiple disabilities. However, the introduction of the interaction terms for citizenship status by race modified some of the significant results. For instance, being born in Latin America no longer reduced the odds in reports of both single and multiple disabilities. However, compared with Whites and native-born of all races, both Hispanics who were either naturalized or were noncitizens had lower odds of reporting multiple disabilities (27% and 28% lower, respectively), whereas naturalized Hispanics also had significantly reduced odds (22%) for a single disability. Conclusion: These findings add to the disability, race/ethnicity, and place of birth literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]