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[Display omitted] • The concept of industrial ecology (IE) was defined based on symbiosis theory. • IE was evaluated from the functional and structural dimensions of the IE system. • Evaluation subjects of IES include symbiotic units, patterns, and environment. • The overall IE level in the Area has improved with Inner Mongolia standing out. • The industrial and ecological development remained isolated or mutual restriction. This paper defined regional industrial ecology (IE) to include four connotations: sustainable social-economic-ecological development, the high-quality transformation of the industrial system (IS) and the ecological system (ES), and harmonious symbiosis between IS and ES. Regarding the composition of the symbiotic system, this paper proposed that the IE evaluation be carried out from three aspects: the sustainability of the symbiotic environment, the high-quality development of the symbiont, and the symbiotic pattern between the symbiotic units. Then, the maturity index determined by the symbiont and symbiotic mode and the orderliness index determined by the symbiont and symbiotic environment were measured to determine the IE level from the perspectives of the system's function and structure. Besides, this paper adopted Geodetector and Oprobit model to identify the influencing factors of IE. Taking the π-shaped Curve Area of the Yellow River as the study area, this paper found that the IE systems' structural orderliness of capital cities and resource-based cities was low, while the orderliness level of non-resource-based cities was high. The IE systems' functional maturity level in the northwest Area was better than that of the southeast. The IE level was high in Inner Mongolia while low in Shanxi and Ningxia. Scientific innovation, economic development, openness degree, ecological pressure, industrial structure, urbanization level, and government influence have different influences on the IE systems' orderliness and maturity levels. The findings of this paper provided a basis for realizing IE and promoting the high-quality transformation of the whole basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Water resources system has multi-link characteristics. • The resilience evaluation index system of water resources system is constructed. • The resilience of regional water resources system is evaluated. • The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of resilience are analyzed. As environmental and human changes combine, water shortage and ecological fragility are becoming increasingly serious issues in the basin. The national "14th Five-Year Plan" proposes to build resilient basins to enhance disaster resilience. On the basis of clarifying the multi-link characteristics of water resources system resilience under the influence of meteorology-hydrology-ecology-society-economy, this paper reveals the interrelationship and chain reaction among the factors affecting the resilience of water resources system by clarifying the multi-link characteristics of water resources system resilience. Based on the interconnections among meteorology-hydrology-engineering-economic society-ecology in regional water resources systems, this study constructs a resilience evaluation index for the water resources system. The index considers different objectives, dimensions, and scales to provide a comprehensive assessment of the system's resilience. Based on the multi-dimensional relationship of the evaluation index system, the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method based on entropy weight method is employed to depict the resilience level of the water resources system at varying spatial and temporal scales. By focusing on Shanxi Province as the research subject, a multi-link evaluation framework for assessing the resilience of the water resources system is established, and a quantitative approach to evaluate its resilience is investigated. The results show that the level of water resources resilience in Shanxi Province has improved from 2017 to 2021, and there are certain spatial and temporal differences. In 2021, only Lvliang City and Yangquan City have low resilience level, and the resilience level of other cities has been improved. Among them, Taiyuan City has the highest resilience level of 0.56, which belongs to the high resilience level. The research results can improve the cognitive level of multi-link evolution mechanism of resilience to a certain extent, and provide scientific basis for multi-dimensional targeted regulation of water resources system resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific estimation and dynamic monitoring of CO2 emission trends are an important basis for formulating regional differentiated carbon reduction strategies. Using the integrated nighttime light data, this study estimated CO2 emissions in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and Yangtze River Basin (YZRB) and discussed the similarities and differences of the spatial distribution of CO2 emissions for the two river basins. The results showed that: (1) The CO2 emissions in the two basins continued to rise, but the growth rate decreased from 2000 to 2018, showing an overall convergence trend, but have not yet reached carbon peak. (2) The high emission and high agglomeration areas were located in Shandong Province in the downstream of the YRB, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia in the midstream and upstream, and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). (3) Compared with the YRB, the growth rate of CO2 emissions in the YZRB is slower, and the growth rate declines greatly. In the YRB, it had higher CO2 emissions amount, wider area of high carbon emissions and more obvious spatial agglomeration than that in the YZRB. (4) According to CO2 emissions and economic development level, 220 cities of the two river basins were classified three types: low CO2–low development, high CO2–low development and high CO2–high development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization and industrialization have had a range of effects on urban form and land use, especially in resource-based cities. Previous research has predominantly focused on the analysis of urban compactness or land-use efficiency individually, overlooking their interplay. In this study, we propose a coupled and coordinated research framework for urban compactness (UC) and urban land-use efficiency (ULUE). We analyze the UC and ULUE, as well as the degree and types of coupling and coordination (CCD) between them, in 119 counties and districts rich in coal resources within Shanxi Province. The findings reveal a declining trend in UC in Shanxi Province over time, with coal-resource-based cities exhibiting lower compactness than non-coal-resource-based cities. ULUE has shown stable development during the study period. The CCD between UC and ULUE exhibit spatial and urban typological heterogeneity. Further analysis demonstrates that the CCD types mainly manifest as the lagging development of UC. This research provides a foundation for achieving harmonious development between urban spatial structure and land-use structure and offers new perspectives for the sustainable development of resource-based urban regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]