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2. The Changing Child Population of the United States: Analysis of Data from the 2010 Census. KIDS COUNT Working Paper
- Author
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Annie E. Casey Foundation and William O'Hare
- Abstract
This paper explores the nation's changing child population based on data from the 2010 census. While the number of U.S. children increased only slightly, the demographic shifts within the population were considerable. Some areas of the country (Nevada and Texas) and some demographic groups (including children of mixed race) grew significantly, while the number of children in other areas (Vermont and New York) and in other groups (such as non-Hispanic whites) declined. Appended are: (1) State Changes in Child Population 1990, 2000, and 2010; and (2) Distribution of Children (under age 18) by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010. (Contains 16 tables, 3 figures, 1 chart and 30 endnotes.)
- Published
- 2011
3. Adventure Therapy and Adjudicated Youth. AEE White Papers
- Author
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Association for Experiential Education, Boulder, CO.
- Abstract
The most recent figures place the number of juvenile arrests in the United States at 2.11 million. (OJJDP, 2009). In some states, children as young as 10 years old are incarcerated for violent offenses. Crowded juvenile facilities are often unable to meet the needs of these large numbers of youth. The cost to treat offenders within long-term residential facilities is expensive. States spend anywhere from $4 million (in smaller states like Hawaii) to $450 million in larger states such as California on their annual juvenile corrections budget (freelibrary.com, 2010). Locked confinement in a state juvenile correction institution can run in excess of $60,000 annually (Tyler, Ziedenberg, and Lotke, 2006). As an alternative to incarceration for adjudicated youth, several forms of adventure therapy programming have been used. Most of these programs were developed around the premise that the structure of the adventure experience and associated facilitation could produce beneficial changes more effectively than time spent within a locked treatment facility. Just as the type of adventure therapy programs are mixed, so are the outcome research findings associated with juvenile delinquency. Several studies criticize adventure therapy with adjudicated youth for having insignificant or no lasting evidence of effectiveness, including Aos, Miller, and Drake (2006), Brown, Borduin, and Henggeler, (2001), Moote and Wodarski (1997), and Wilson and Lipsey (2000). As recognized in these studies, the key to unlocking the understanding of what is an effective adventure therapy program for juvenile delinquents is the inclusion of certain critical elements. Gass (1993), and more recently in Gillis and Gass (2010), identified seven key factors that seem to predominate the treatment elements of successful programs. These seven elements include treatment: (1) enhanced through action-oriented experiences, (2) centered on the use of unfamiliar client environments, (3) producing a climate of functional change through the positive use of stress, (4) highly informed with client assessment, (5) conducted in a small group, supportive atmosphere, (6) focused on solution oriented principles and techniques, and (7) that changed the role of therapist to remain more "mobile" to actively design and frame interventions.
- Published
- 2011
4. Family Policy in the US, Japan, Germany, Italy and France: Parental Leave, Child Benefits/Family Allowances, Child Care, Marriage/Cohabitation, and Divorce. A Briefing Paper Prepared by the Council on Contemporary Families.
- Author
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Henneck, Rachel
- Abstract
Within the last 50 years, the work-family-household arrangements upon which social policy systems in industrial nations were formulated have disappeared. This briefing paper examines how social policies of the United States, Japan, Germany, Italy, and France have responded. The paper is presented in two major sections. The first section describes family policies in each country concerning parental leave, child benefits/family allowances, child care, marriage/cohabitation, and divorce. The second section discusses the mixed effects of maternity leave on womens employment, the lack of a relationship between fertility and maternity leave and fertility and cash benefits, and factors that complicate the relationship between countries' social spending and child poverty. Job-protected maternity leave is described as the most basic entitlement reflecting public acknowledgment of the economic necessity of working motherhood. Analyses suggest that fertility rates do not seem responsive to cash benefits or other policies, such as extended maternity leave, that function as wages for motherhood. In countries where child care provisions are not widely available, lengthy paid leaves have the effect of bringing women into the home for long periods of time. The most important role of cash benefits is to reduce child poverty, as illustrated by patterns in the U.S., France, and Germany. The paper concludes by asserting that Western European nations family policy can be divided into two types, one in which the social welfare system provides a comprehensive array of universal family benefits and services, and the other in which benefits are nonuniversal and accompanied by higher child poverty rates. The United States fits neither of the European patterns and is characterized by several contradictions contributing to the lack of political support for families. (Contains 98 references.) (KB)
- Published
- 2003
5. IFLA General Conference, 1992. Division of Education and Research: Editors of Library Journals (RT); Section on Research in Reading; Section on Women's Interest in Librarianship; Section on Education and Training; Continuing Professional Education (RT); Section on Library Theory and Research. Papers.
- Author
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International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, London (England).
- Abstract
The following 19 papers were delivered at the 1992 annual meeting of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions for the Division of Education and Research: (1) "Across the Frontiers: Impact of Foreign Journals in Library Science in India: A Citation Analysis" (M. A. Gopinath); (2) "Children and Reading in Israel" (I. Sever); (3) "Investigations into Reader Interest and Reading in Lithuania, 1918-1990" (V. Rimsa); (4) "Ethnic and Social Problems of Reading in Kazakhstan" (R. Berdigalieva); (5) "The USA Experience: Views and Opinions of an Asian American Librarian" (S. H. Nicolescu); (6) "The Implications for Libraries of Research on the Reading of Children" (M. L. Miller); (7) "Women's Status in Librarianship, the UK Experience" (S. Parker); (8) "Women's Interests in Librarianship, Resources on Women: Their Organization and Use" (H. Parekh); (9) "Information for Research on Women and Development" (A. Vyas); (10) "The Contribution of S. R. Ranganathan's Scientific School to the Informatization of Education for Library Science in the World" (J. N. Stolyarov and E. A. Nabatnikova); (11) "Library and Information Science Education Policy in India" (N. L. Rao and C. R. Karisiddappa); (12) "The Market in the Gap: Continuing Professional Education in the South Pacific" (J. Evans); (13) "Continuing Education Programmes for Teachers in Library and Information Science and Academic Library Professionals in South India" (A. A. N. Raju); (14) "Continuing Professional Education in China: A Decade Retrospective" (D. Xiaoying); (15) "Grounded Theory and Qualitative Methodology" (D. E. Weingand); (16) "Research in the Outskirts of Science: The Case of Mexico" (J. Lau); (17) "Society's Library: Leading to the Realization of the Five Laws--In Memory of Dr. S. R. Ranganathan" (L. Minghua); (18) "The Role of Library and Information Science Reviews in the Development of the Profession and Services" (M. Poulain); and (19) "Journal Publications in Africa: The Trouble with Authors and Readers" (L. O. Aina). Several papers are followed by references. (SLD)
- Published
- 1992
6. IFLA General Conference, 1992. Division of Libraries Serving the General Public: Open Forum; Section on Libraries Serving Disadvantaged Persons; INTAMEL (RT); Mobile Libraries (RT). Papers.
- Author
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International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, London (England).
- Abstract
Nine papers delivered at the Division of Libraries Serving the General Public at the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions 1992 annual meeting are presented. In addition to papers about libraries for disadvantaged persons, papers on services to children and young people and to the general public through mobile libraries, are presented. The following papers are included: (1) "UNESCO Public Library Manifesto" (B. Thomas); (2) "An Introduction to the International Guidelines for Library Services to Prisoners: Ze zitten hier niet voor hun zweetvoeten" (F. E. Kaiser); (3) "An Overview of Library Services in an Ageing Society: Emphasis on New Trends in Scandinavian Countries" (K.-J. Carlsen and K. Thulin); (4) "The Importance of Library and Reading in the Rehabilitation Process of the Disabled People" (F. Czajkowski); (5) "Multicultural Library Services for Immigrants in Queens County, New York" (A. A. Tandler); (6) "From Reading Promotion to Media Literacy--Public Library Services for Children and Young People" (I. Glashoff); (7) "Mobile Libraries in Finland--Culture Brought to Your Doorstep" (T. Haavisto); (8) "Mobile Libraries and the UNESCO Manifesto for Public Libraries" (T. H. Tate); and (9) "Mobile Library Service with a Special Reference to Delhi Public Library" (S. N. Khanna). (SLD)
- Published
- 1992
7. Doing Poorly: The Real Income of American Children in a Comparative Perspective. Luxembourg Income Study. Working Paper No. 127.
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. Maxwell Graduate School of Citizenship and Public Affairs., CEPS/INSTEAD, Walferdange (Luxembourg)., Rainwater, Lee, and Smeeding, Timothy M.
- Abstract
This paper investigates the real living standards and poverty status of U.S. children in the 1990s compared to the children in 17 other nations, including Europe, Scandinavia, Canada, and Australia. The analysis is based on the Luxembourg Income Study database. It was found that American children have lower real spendable income than do comparable children in almost every other nation studied. In contrast, high income U.S. children are far better off than their counterparts in other nations. Persistently high child poverty rates were also found in the United States when compared with other nations. Demographic factors and the effectiveness of tax and transfer policies in reducing child poverty are also explored, and the paper concludes with a discussion of results and their policy implications. An appendix presents two tables of countries studied and poverty figures. (Contains 3 text tables, 8 figures, and 28 references.) (Author/SLD)
- Published
- 1995
8. The Causes and Consequences of Child Poverty in the United States. Innocenti Occasional Papers, Number 10. Special Subseries: Child Poverty in Industrialized Countries.
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United Nations Children's Fund, Florence (Italy)., Danziger, Sheldon, and Stern, Jonathan
- Abstract
This report addresses the sources and remedies for child poverty in the United States through a review of the effects of trends, policies, and changes in social relationships; and an analysis of data concerning poverty and children. An introduction sketches the present condition of children in poverty and the policies and attitudes of the past 30 years. The next section reviews trends in family incomes and poverty, pointing out the antipoverty effects of economic growth and government policies. It also focuses on poverty and income transfer recipiency among children, emphasizing the diversity of the poverty population and analyzing those who are and are not aided by income transfer programs. The third section analyses the effects of changes in family structure and family size on child poverty. The fourth section discusses evidence on persistent poverty and welfare receipt and examines the emergence of an urban underclass. The fifth section analyses some important consequences of poverty for child health and development: adolescent pregnancy and out-of-wedlock childbearing, infant mortality and low birthweight, and others. The paper concludes with an antipoverty agenda for the 1990s. Included are 9 tables, 7 graphs, and an 89-item bibliography. (JB)
- Published
- 1990
9. Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Most-cited Publications.
- Author
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Dayal, Devi, Gupta, Brij Mohan, Mamdapur, Ghouse Modin, Vaishya, Raju, Gupta, Atul, and Bansal, Madhu
- Subjects
TYPE 1 diabetes ,SERIAL publications ,SOCIAL network analysis ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,MENTAL illness ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,CITATION analysis ,PEDIATRICS ,MEDICAL research ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,QUALITY of life ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,DATA analysis software ,GENETICS ,MENTAL depression ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background: The most impactful research on pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unknown. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and impact of the 100 most-cited articles on pediatric T1D. Materials and Methods: Using a predefined bibliometric strategy, the Scopus database was searched for high-cited papers (HCPs) published from 2001 to 2020. Articles were evaluated for data on the publication year, countries, authors, journals, topics, and types. Social network analysis was performed to visualize the interaction among countries, organizations, and authors using VOSviewer software. Results: The top 100 HCPs received 390 to 4634 citations, averaging 773.5 citations per paper (CPP). The funded HCPs (n = 50) had a higher impact (CPP 791.5). The majority of HCPs (n = 83) were collaborative. Classifying by research type, 65 studies were clinical (n = 65), risk factors (n = 27), epidemiology (n = 26), pathophysiology (n = 16), treatment outcome (n = 13), genetics (n = 12), complications (n = 3), quality of life (n = 2), and prognosis (n = 1). The number of authors involved was 1,101, affiliated with 545 organizations in 27 countries; the USA (n = 64) and the UK (n = 24) were the most productive countries, whereas Australia and the UK were the most impactful. D.M. Nathan and J.M. Lawrence were the most prolific authors, while P. Raskin and J.M. Lachin were the most impactful. Conclusions: High-income countries such as the USA, UK, and Australia contribute significantly to high-impact pediatric T1D research. Funding and collaboration improve the impact of citations in publications. Less researched areas such as treatment outcomes, genetics, complications, quality of life, and prognosis should be the focus of future research on pediatric T1D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Bias and Sensitivity to Task Constraints in Spontaneous Relational Attention
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Murphy, Ashley N., Zheng, Yinyuan, Shivaram, Apoorva, Vollman, Elayne, and Richland, Lindsey Engle
- Abstract
Two studies examined factors that predicted children's tendencies to match objects versus relations across scenes when no instruction was given. Study 1 examined a) age and b) nationality as a proxy for cultural differences in experiences with relations. The results showed that Chinese and U.S. children across ages all showed an initial bias to match objects versus relations across scenes. However, older children in both regions were more likely to notice features of the task that indicated relational matches were a more reliable solution and shifted their responding toward relations over time. Study 2 replicated the object mapping bias and age effects within U.S. children while also examining the impact of directly manipulating children's relational experiences. Before the main scene mapping task children did a relation-generation task known to prime attention to relations (Simms & Richland, 2019). This did not override the initial bias toward object mapping, but magnified the role of age, making older children increasingly sensitive to task features that prompted relational matches, further shifting their responding toward relations over time. [This paper will be published in "Journal of Experimental Child Psychology."]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Curriculum Planning for the Development of Graphicacy
- Author
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Danos, Xenia
- Abstract
The paper describes the importance of graphicacy as a key communication tool in our everyday lives. The need to better understand the development of graphicacy and its use in the school curriculum is emphasised. The need for a new research tool is explained and the development of a new taxonomy of graphicacy is described. The use of this tool within a methodology researching the significance of graphicacy in the curriculum is introduced. An overview of prior research concerning how children deal with graphicacy is also provided. The paper then discusses the results reported in the context of this prior research. The paper illustrates how graphicacy can affect children's learning; identifies cross-curricular links involving different areas of graphicacy and consequential transfer opportunities; illustrates how the implementation of a curriculum policy for graphicacy could influence students' learning; demonstrates the magnitude of the research opportunities in relation to graphicacy within general education curricula and suggests the need for collaboration in order to effectively pursue these substantial research agendas.
- Published
- 2013
12. Education without Compulsion: Toward New Visions of Gifted Education
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Grant, Barry
- Abstract
The aim of this paper is to induce doubt about the ethical rightness of compulsory education laws and inspire educators to imagine and begin to make a world in which there are many different forms of gifted education. The paper does this in three ways. It paints a polemical picture of gifted education as a minor variation on public schooling and describes the contradictions and limitations this entails. It presents a short history of education in the United States to support the claim that compulsory schooling aims to shape the character of children in the interests of religion, government, corporations, and other groups. It argues that compulsory schooling is inconsistent with the liberal democratic value of the right to self-determination. The paper also offers a conception of education for self-development as one vision of what gifted education could be were it freed from the strictures of compulsory schooling.
- Published
- 2005
13. The Ripple Effects of US Immigration Policy on Refugee Children: A Canadian Perspective
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Suleman, Shazeen, Minhas, Ripudaman, and Barozzino, Tony
- Abstract
With over 1 in 5 Canadians identifying as an immigrant, Canada has been proud to call itself a nation of immigrants with a commitment to supporting refugees, from accepting thousands of Vietnamese refugees in the 1970s to Syrians fleeing civil war in 2015. In 2017, 44,000 refugees came as government-sponsored or privately sponsored refugees, having been offered permanent residency in Canada prior to arrival. Fewer arrive as asylum seekers -- 24,000 in 2016, 40% of whom arrived via the Canada-US border. Given Canada's geographic location, individuals may arrive by air, sea, or land across the longest shared land border in the world with the United States. In 2011, Canadian officials reported 4,205 claims made at this border. This number nearly quintupled in 2018, with 19,085 claims, totaling nearly 40,000 asylum claims since 2016 and coinciding with the changes in US governmental administration and their immigration and temporary resident policies. Families reported that for them, the US was no longer safe and they sought asylum in Canada. Due to the Safe Third Country Agreement, which does not permit asylum claims from the United States at official border crossings, many asylum seekers have crossed through unofficial border crossings, most of them in the provinces of Quebec and Manitoba. This article touches upon a number of issues that have come to light with the rising numbers of children who are asylum seekers trickling across the US-Canada border.
- Published
- 2018
14. Evaluation of Child Health Services: The Interface Between Research and Medical Practice.
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Fogarty International Center (DHEW/PHS), Bethesda, MD., Bosch, Samuel J., and Arias, Jaime
- Abstract
This monograph derives from a conference sponsored by the Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences. The goals of the conference were (1) to establish channels of communication between health care evaluators from different disciplines and from different countries in the Americas, and (2) to promote an exchange of information and experience in evaluation techniques: comparing approaches, methods, needed resources, difficulties, achievements, and failures. Of primary concern was the need for a current evaluation of maternal and child health services delivery systems and the implications of this evaluation for health professional education in the Americas. The monograph consists of five position papers on child health care, 10 papers on case studies involving different methods of evaluation and different types of child health care programs, followed by discussions, and two papers on uses of evaluation in education. The contributors, representing a variety of perspectives and backgrounds, include experts in evaluation, health care, social science research, education, policymaking, and economics. (Author/SS)
- Published
- 1978
15. National Policies for Library Services to Visually Impaired and Other Print Handicapped Children.
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Skold, Beatrice Christensen
- Abstract
This paper presents the results of a survey that investigated which countries follow the United Nations recommendations by having a national policy for library services to visually impaired and other print handicapped children. Questionnaires were distributed to the 78 members of the IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) Section of Libraries for the Blind, and responses were received from 22 members, representing 17 countries. Results showed that Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, and the United States have adopted such a national policy. The following criteria were used to characterize a national policy: legislation; goal of production/criteria for selection; information such as union catalogs or national bibliographies; lending by a library network; cooperation with schools for the visually handicapped; trained staff; and publicly funded services. Responding countries that lack a specific national policy for library services to visually impaired children were Belgium, Botswana, Canada, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. (MES)
- Published
- 1999
16. Ole Ivar Lovaas--His Life, Merits and Legacy
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Özerk, Kamil, Vea, Gunvor Dalby, Eikeseth, Svein, and Özerk, Meral
- Abstract
Ole Ivar Lovaas (1927-2010) is known worldwide for his research within the field of Applied Behavior Analysis, and is probably the most influential researcher within the field of treatment of children with autism. In the first part of this biographically oriented paper, we inform the readers about his family background, childhood, elementary and secondary school years, and his adolescent years during World War II in his first homeland, Norway, based on archival research and interviews. In the second part, we describe his life, academic studies, research and successes in his second home country, the United States. Finally, we briefly recount the impact Lovaas has had on the field of Applied Behavior Analysis and the treatment of and services for children with autism spectrum disorders in Norway and in the North America.
- Published
- 2016
17. Challenges in HIV/AIDS Education: Implementing a Program Placing the HIV Positive Child into the Classroom.
- Author
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Heimann, G. Allen
- Abstract
This presentation transcript discusses the roles of schools and the public following the enrollment of ten elementary and secondary school students who have AIDS in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The processes used to allow the children to enter or re-enter the classroom with minimal conflict are discussed. Since the opportunities for transmission of the virus are negligible during the school day, the public needs to know that extraordinary measures are not required to protect students and that the afflicted students need not be identified. The writer recommends that public meetings be held off school grounds to move focus away from the school and to allow for peripheral issues surrounding AIDS, such as adolescent sexual activity and drug use. School staff also have concerns, particularly about their risk of exposure, and teachers and administrators must be prepared to discuss the issue. Six figures highlight points made in the presentation. (RJM)
- Published
- 1993
18. Population Estimates of School Age Language Minorities and Limited English Proficiency Children of the United States, 1979-1988.
- Author
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Chapa, Jorge
- Abstract
Estimates of the school-age, 5-17-year-old, language minority and Limited-English-Proficient (LEP) populations in the United States are discussed. The estimates are based on the population counts for first, second, and third generation Hispanics, Anglos, Asians, and Blacks derived from the June 1988 Current Population Survey. The language minority population is estimated by determining the ratio of language minority children to the total population for each race-ethnic-generation group from the November 1979 Current Population Survey. The LEP estimates, derived from multiplication of the non-English languages background (NELB) population by LEP-to-NELB ratios established in previous studies, are much higher than some projections that do not reflect the impact of recent high rates of Hispanic and Asian immigration. Fifteen tables and figures are provided to illustrate population statistics, language usage, generational distributions, etc. (LB)
- Published
- 1990
19. Patterns of Cross-National Variation in the Association between Income and Academic Achievement
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Chmielewski, Anna K. and Reardon, Sean F.
- Abstract
In a recent paper, Reardon found that the relationship between family income and children's academic achievement grew substantially stronger in the 1980s and 1990s in the United States. We provide an international context for these results by examining the income-achievement association in 19 other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries using data from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study and the Programme for International Student Assessment. First, we calculate and compare the magnitude of "income achievement gaps" across this sample of countries. Second, we investigate the association between the size of a country's income achievement gap, its income inequality, and a variety of other country characteristics. We find considerable variation across countries in income achievement gaps. Moreover, the U.S. income achievement gap is quite large in comparison to this sample of countries. Our multivariate analyses show that the income achievement gap is positively associated with educational differentiation, modestly negatively associated with curricular standardization, and positively associated with national levels of poverty and inequality.
- Published
- 2016
20. A Snapshot in Time: Themes, Tags and International Reach--An Analysis of the Journal of International Research in Early Childhood Education
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Pendergast, Donna and Twigg, Danielle
- Abstract
A thematic content analysis of the seven issues (35 papers and two editorials) of the "International Research in Early Childhood Education" ("IRECE") journal published by Monash University in Melbourne, Victoria was conducted to explore the themes over its five years of publication. Publications were grouped into defined data chunks by year and Leximancer was used to discover concepts and themes. Five dominant themes emerged: children/s; childhood; learning; parent/s and teacher/s. Pathway analyses were then conducted to more fully understand and describe each theme. Data were used to visually represent the most frequently appearing terms to form a tag cloud, which in turn contributes to the development of a "folksonomy" for the journal. Finally, mentions of geographic regions were also explored which positively reflected on international focus of the journal.
- Published
- 2015
21. Bridging Cultures through Literacy. The Thirty-Seventh Yearbook: A Double Peer-Reviewed Publication of the Association of Literacy Educators and Researchers
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Association of Literacy Educators and Researchers, Vasinda, Sheri, Szabo, Susan, Johnson, Robin D., Vasinda, Sheri, Szabo, Susan, Johnson, Robin D., and Association of Literacy Educators and Researchers
- Abstract
The theme for the 58th annual conference of the Association of Literacy Educators and Researchers (ALER) was Bridging Cultures Through Literacy. In the first section of the Yearbook, Parker Fawson's presidential address captures the unique nature of ALER and its role in his professional development, and then moved beyond to capture the changing nature of literacy. In "Creating Innovators: The Central Role of Literacy Development in a Rapidly Changing Global Landscape", Dr. Fawson described the need for 21st century "dispositions" such as creativity, critical thinking, risk-taking, and collaborative problem solving over a storehouse of facts. In section two, Violet Harris, one of the keynote speakers, reminds attendees to recognize the importance of multicultural literature as one of the critical components of bridging cultural gaps. The third section showcases ALER award winners while section four showcases the master's and doctoral research award winners' papers. The remaining articles represent a sampling of the sessions presented at the conference and are divided into three categories related to the conference theme and articles contents: (1) Bridging Cultures Through Literacy: Impacting Children, Adolescents, and Families; (2) Bridging Cultures Through Literacy: Impacting Adult Learners; and (3) Bridging Cultures Through Literacy: Impacting Teacher Education. After a peer-review process for conference acceptance, the ensuing articles underwent an additional round of peer review for acceptance in the Yearbook. The articles reflect the theme and broaden it in terms of cultures to include not only cultures of ethnicity, race, gender, politics and economics, but also cultures of new literacies and technologies. The authors address both research and practice providing additional opportunities for considering new thinking and bridging cultures of all kinds demonstrating that literacy is the road, or bridge, to human progress. [For the Thirty-Sixth Yearbook, see ED552940.]
- Published
- 2015
22. Children and Terrorism. Social Policy Report. Volume 29, Number 2
- Author
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Society for Research in Child Development, Garbarino, James, Governale, Amy, Henry, Patrick, and Nesi, Danielle
- Abstract
Hardly a week goes by in the United States (and to varying degrees, in the rest of the world) that the word "terrorism" does not appear in the collective consciousness, as represented, channeled, and shaped by the mass media in its many print, broadcast, and internet manifestations. While relatively few children worldwide (and even fewer children domestically in the United States) have been the specific targets for acts of terrorism, some have, and most are growing up in a world in which terrorism in its many aspects is a salient cultural phenomenon. This paper explores the impact of growing up in a world with terrorism on children and youth. It considers both the direct traumatic effects of being a victim and the indirect effects of living in communities and societies in which the threat of terrorism is on the minds of children, but perhaps more importantly, of adults generally, and parents and policy makers in particular. It also considers policy initiatives and programmatic responses. [This document includes two commentaries: (1) Towards a More Holistic Approach to Helping Children Affected by Terrorism and Political Violence (Kathleen Kostelny and Michael Wessells); and (2) Children and Political Violence: Progress on the Pathways of Risk, Resilience, and Peace (Ann S. Masten). Commentaries are individually referenced.]
- Published
- 2015
23. A Global Overview of COVID-19 Research in the Pediatric Field: Bibliometric Review.
- Author
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Monzani, Alice, Tagliaferri, Francesco, Bellone, Simonetta, Genoni, Giulia, and Rabbone, Ivana
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,MACHINE learning ,MENTAL health ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a great number of papers have been published in the pediatric field. Objective: We aimed to assess research around the globe on COVID-19 in the pediatric field by bibliometric analysis, identifying publication trends and topic dissemination and showing the relevance of publishing authors, institutions, and countries. Methods: The Scopus database was comprehensively searched for all indexed documents published between January 1, 2020, and June 11, 2020, dealing with COVID-19 in the pediatric population (0-18 years). A machine learning bibliometric methodology was applied to evaluate the total number of papers and citations, journal and publication types, the top productive institutions and countries and their scientific collaboration, and core keywords. Results: A total of 2301 papers were retrieved, with an average of 4.8 citations per article. Of this, 1078 (46.9%) were research articles, 436 (18.9%) were reviews, 363 (15.8%) were letters, 186 (8.1%) were editorials, 7 (0.3%) were conference papers, and 231 (10%) were categorized as others. The studies were published in 969 differentjournals, headed by The Lancet. The retrieved papers were published by a total of 12,657 authors from 114 countries. The most productive countries were the United States, China, and Italy. The four main clusters of keywords were pathogenesis and clinical characteristics (keyword occurrences: n=2240), public health issues (n=352), mental health (n=82), and therapeutic aspects (n=70). Conclusions: In the pediatric field, a large number of articles were published within a limited period on COVID-19, testifying to the rush to spread new findings on the topic in a timely manner. The leading authors, countries, and institutions evidently belonged to the most impacted geographical areas. A focus on the pediatric population was often included in general articles, and pediatric research about COVID-19 mainly focused on the clinical features, public health issues, and psychological impact of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Global overview of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in children and adolescents over the past 20 years: a bibliometric analysis.
- Author
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Liang, Jiamin, Luo, Yuxin, Yang, Yingzhen, Xie, Huanyu, Huang, Zirong, Zhong, Mingjin, and Zhu, Weimin
- Subjects
SPORTS medicine ,SERIAL publications ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament surgery ,RESEARCH funding ,CHILDREN'S hospitals ,FUNCTIONAL status ,SPORTS re-entry ,MEDICAL research ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,RESEARCH methodology ,PUBLISHING ,CONVALESCENCE ,DATA analysis software ,DISEASE relapse ,TIME ,ADOLESCENCE ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of this paper is to conduct a bibliometric analysis to examine the research status and development trend of anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction in children and adolescents over the past 20 years. Design: Descriptive Research. Methods: This study obtained information regarding studies on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Children and Adolescents from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Visual and bibliometric analysis were conducted using VOSviewer, Origin 2022, Pajek64 5.18and Excel 2019. These analytic tools facilitated the analysis of various aspects, including countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals and keywords related to the research. Results: From 2003 to 2023, a total of 1328 articles were retrieved in WOS, and 637 articles were selected by two authors. The most productive institutions are Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Kocher, ms. Their articles have the highest number of publications and citations. The American journal of sports medicine is the most frequently cited journal for articles on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in children and adolescents. The most common keywords used in these articles were "anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction", "injury, children, adolescent", and "skeletally immature patients". Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the research focus of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in children and adolescents. In recent years, there has been significant attention paid to areas of "the return to sport, re-repture rate and functional recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction" in this specific population. These aspects have emerged as key directions for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Non-Native Language as the Unmarked Code in Bilingual Utterances of Libyan Children in USA
- Author
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Abugharsa, Azza
- Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of multiple cultures and languages on the bilingual utterances of Libyan children who live in the United States and who have acquired English after they arrived there at ages from 3 to 5. Data analysis is based on the Markedness Model (Myers-Scotton, 1993) in order to determine which language is the unmarked code and which language is the marked one. According to Myers-Scotton, the unmarked code is mostly the native language, which is also supposed to be the dominant language. The bilingual utterances in this study are analyzed in terms of subjects' responses to the interviewer and the culture-specific topic under discussion; some of the responses are made in a code different from the one in which the question was asked; others are culture-related. The results show that it is the dominant language (not necessarily the native language) that is most likely the unmarked code, and the less dominant language is the marked code which is chosen more consciously. (Contains 5 tables and 2 figures.)
- Published
- 2013
26. Starting Early with English Language Learners: First Lessons from Illinois
- Author
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New America Foundation and Severns, Maggie
- Abstract
In recent years, a boom in immigration and high birth rates among the foreign-born population has led to significant growth in the number of children in the United States who speak a language other than English at home. This demographic change presents a challenge to the public school system, where English proficiency is central to a child's success. The vast majority of these children are legal citizens, yet as a nation, we have yet to determine how to meet this challenge. State education leaders in Illinois have first-hand experience with these challenges as the immigrant population in the state has grown in recent decades, and has spread to suburban and rural areas where many schools aren't yet accustomed to serving students who are not proficient in English. Illinois is one of the first states to try to tackle this problem as early as possible--before children enroll in kindergarten. While most state programs for ELL students begin when a child is enrolled in kindergarten or first grade, Illinois is in the process of extending its ELL program into state-funded pre-K programs. This will affect a sizeable portion of children in the state-funded Preschool for All program. Recent data shows that 34.2 percent of Preschool for All graduates in Chicago and 13.1 percent of Preschool for All graduates outside Chicago receive bilingual services when they moved on to kindergarten. The change will, the state hopes, create more continuity between pre-K and the early grades of school when students are developing crucial language skills, and reduce remediation for students in later grades by building important language skills early on. This paper takes a deep look at how the state came to see a need for these policies and how it is implementing them on a large scale. It also highlights two parts of Illinois's approach that merit consideration by other states with large or growing ELL populations. First, by expanding into pre-K, the state has created opportunities to align ELL programs across the early school years, opening the possibilities for districts to adopt a PreK-3rd approach. A glossary is included. (Contains 57 notes.)
- Published
- 2012
27. We Need to Communicate! Helping Hearing Parents of Deaf Children Learn American Sign Language
- Author
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Weaver, Kimberly A. and Starner, Thad
- Abstract
Language immersion from birth is crucial to a child's language development. However, language immersion can be particularly challenging for hearing parents of deaf children to provide as they may have to overcome many difficulties while learning American Sign Language (ASL). We are in the process of creating a mobile application to help hearing parents learn ASL. To this end, we have interviewed members of our target population to gain understanding of their motivations and needs when learning sign language. We found that the most common motivation for parents learning ASL is better communication with their children. Parents are most interested in acquiring grammar knowledge through learning to read stories to their children. (Contains 1 figure and 2 tables.)
- Published
- 2011
28. Is the US Plan to Improve Its Current Situation in Science, Mathematics, and Technology Achievable?
- Author
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Hossain, Md. Mokter and Robinson, Michael
- Abstract
Despite being the inventing country of the Internet, the US is not satisfied with its current state in Internet speed and broadband adoption. Although, more students, teachers and researchers in the US use Internet than any other country in the world, it is not satisfactory for the US educators and legislators to maintain US competitiveness in the achievement of science, mathematics and technology. Another alarming situation is that the mean scores in science and mathematics of US, students are lower than expected. Even with coherent action taken by the government and various institutions, the US cannot produce a sufficient number of experts in science, mathematics and technology fields to meet national and global needs. These situations are not satisfactory for educators and legislators to reach US education goals. To improve this situation, President Obama's government has taken several action plans. This paper presents a closer look at US science, mathematics and technology education as well as the President's plan to improve the situation. Conclusions are made regarding whether the US plan is too ambitious as well as whether the vision is comprehensive enough but still possible to execute. (Contains 1 table.)
- Published
- 2011
29. Remote Control Childhood: Combating the Hazards of Media Culture in Schools
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Levin, Diane
- Abstract
Background: Media culture touches most aspects of the lives of children growing up today, beginning at the earliest ages. It is profoundly the lessons children learn as well as how they learn, thereby contributing to what this article characterizes as "remote control childhood." Educators need to understand remote control childhood so they can adapt teaching practices in ways that can optimize children's development and learning in these times. Overview of Remote Control Childhood: This paper first explores remote control childhood and describes how it came about beginning in the mid 1980's when marketing was deregulated in the United States. This led to a link-up between media producers and marketers to create far-reaching new marketing strategies and thousands of ever-changing products that have forever transformed childhood. How Remote Control Childhood Affects Children: The multiple ways children are affected are divided into two broad categories. First, children learn harmful content from media culture such as sexualized and violent behavior and consumerism. Second, the very process by which children learn is transformed in ways that undermine play, problem solving, active learning and social development. Strategies for Dealing with Remote Control Childhood: Once remote control childhood is understood, there is much educators can do to counteract it. Strategies are outlined for both influencing the lessons learned and helping children reclaim the learning process.
- Published
- 2010
30. Breaking Bonds, Actualizing Possibility: Schools as Community Hubs of Social Justice
- Author
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Williams-Boyd, Pat
- Abstract
One of every two children in the world lives in poverty, with no access to safe water, health services or adequate shelter to the extent that 25,000 children die every day. Thirty-seven million Americans, thirteen million of whom are children, live below the poverty level. Of the developed world, despite our wealth and sophistication, the United States has the most children who live in poverty. Rather than race, ethnicity or gender, it is poverty, socio-economic class and deprivation that account for poor performances in school, to the extent that young people from poor families are three times more likely to drop out of school. Alone, neither schools nor communities can adapt to or realize the overlapping and contextually interacting needs presented by students and their families. Collaboratively, where schools are beginning to offer quality, equitable education at the same site in which access to requisite health, social and human services for children and families are provided, both educational and psycho-social outcomes are enhanced. Using a holistic position and an ecological model of resilience, this paper would suggest that these community schools, serving as hubs of social justice, are mitigating the academic and nonacademic needs of vulnerable children and families. (Contains 64 footnotes and 2 tables.)
- Published
- 2010
31. A Role for School Health Personnel in Supporting Children and Families Following Childhood Injury
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Sabin, Janice A., Zatzick, Douglas F., and Rivara, Frederick P.
- Abstract
Injury represents the leading cause of death and disability for US children and adolescents. Almost 16 million children are evaluated for injury each year in the United States. Although childhood injury rates are decreasing, 70% of all deaths among children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years are injury related. Nonfatal injury is the leading cause of both temporary and permanent disability for children 19 years and younger. One quarter of children receive medical treatment in a hospital emergency room or are treated in private physicians' offices for injury annually. Of those hospitalized for trauma, more than one half experience some form of disability from their injury. Head injury has been the subject of most research on child injury disability, but trauma without head injury also has the potential to produce both short- and long-term disability. This paper highlights the need for increased awareness in schools regarding the vulnerability of injured children and adolescents and the role school health professionals can play as important resources for injured students and their families.
- Published
- 2005
32. Advancing the Early Care and Education Workforce: A State-Based Cross-Sector Approach. Presidential Transition
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ICF International, Aviles, Jill, and Murphy, Reeva
- Abstract
An estimated 2.5 million professionals are responsible for the care and education of more than 50 percent of U.S. children ages 0-5. The potential growth and development of children in this critical stage are greatly influenced by the quality of care and education they receive from these early childhood professionals. Unfortunately, the current workforce training and support systems are not consistent across government programs. This ICF International white paper presents strategies for establishing an effective and efficient cross-sector workforce development system designed to attract and retain qualified early childhood professionals. (Contains 6 resources.)
- Published
- 2008
33. Kids' Share 2007: How Children Fare in the Federal Budget
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Urban Inst., Washington, DC., Carasso, Adam, Steuerle, C. Eugene, and Reynolds, Gillian
- Abstract
This report tracks federal spending from 1960 to 2006 and uses current policy and some assumptions to project activity through 2017. The report looks at more than 100 major programs that aim to improve children's lives through income security, health care, social services, food and nutritional aid, housing, education, training, and tax credits and exemptions for their families. It provides the most comprehensive examination to date of trends in federal spending on children. It charts the relative changes---and therefore, shifting national emphases---between children's spending and spending on other programs, as well as among different types of children's spending. In this report, children are defined as residents of the United States under age 19. (Contains 3 tables and 19 figures.) [Focus First also sponsored this research. This report is an update and an expansion of the path-breaking work of Rebecca L. Clark, Rosalind Berkowitz King, Christopher Spiro, and C. Eugene Steuerle, "Federal Expenditures on Children: 1960-1997, Assessing the New Federalism." Occasional Paper Number 45, Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, 2000. (ED454306)]
- Published
- 2007
34. Childhood Overweight: What the Research Tells Us
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Center for Health and Health Care in Schools
- Abstract
The rapid increase in overweight among children and adolescents is generating widespread concern. On average, rates of overweight for boys and girls remain similar. Some groups of children are more affected by overweight than others. This paper discusses the health consequences of childhood obesity. A list of school interventions for obesity prevention is also included.
- Published
- 2005
35. Healthy Weight: Community Outreach Initiative. Strategy Development Workshop Report (Bethesda, Maryland, February 17-18, 2004)
- Author
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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst. (DHHS/NIH), Bethesda, MD.
- Abstract
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Obesity Education Initiative (OEI) convened a two-day meeting to help develop a national public education outreach initiative to help reduce and prevent overweight and obesity in the United States. This Strategy Development Workshop, held on February 17-18, 2004, convened more that 70 public health leaders, nutritionists and dieticians, food industry experts, health communicators, youth marketing experts, park and recreation officials, and others from professional societies and constituency groups. The Workshop proceedings illuminated the complexity of the factors leading to weight gain; the many environmental and societal influences on the eating and physical activity habits of various population groups; and the community-based strategies that might encourage healthier habits. The objectives of the Workshop were to examine community-based obesity best practices; help determine the unique niche for the new NHLBI Healthy Weight Initiative (HWI); recommend appropriate and effective program strategies and interventions; and identify potential program partners and partnership opportunities. Texts presented at the meeting and contained herein are as follows: (1) Obesity: What are the Challenges, Obstacles, and Strategic Considerations? (Marian Fitzgibbon); (2) The Basic (Care and) Feeding of Homo Sapiens: Are We Truly Clueless About Weight Control? (David L. Katz); (3) CardioVision 2020: A Community Responds to the Obesity Epidemic (Thomas E. Kottke); (4) From Clinical Trial to Public Health Practice: Translation and Dissemination of the Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH) (Deanna M. Hoelscher and Peter Cribb); (5) Youth Marketing and Public Health Messaging (Peter Zollo and Richard Ellis); (6) Talk-Show Session: Feedback From the Field (William A. Smith, Ezra D. Alexander, III, Lisa Bailey-Davis, Kathy Burkhardt, Monica Dixon, Kristy Hansen, Molly M. Michelman, and Anita Pesses); (7) Carousel Brainstorming: Facilitated Small-Group Sessions; (8) When Obesity Is More Common Than Not: Developing a Culturally Positive Approach (Shiriki Kumanyika); (9) Environmental Factors: Disparities in Access to Healthy Foods and Active Living (Jeane Ann Grisso); (10) Is Increased Weight Discrimination Acceptable Collateral Damage in the War on Obesity? (Lynn McAfee); and (11) Closing Session: Workshop Wrap-Up and Next Steps (Marian Fitzgibbon and Karen Donato). Appendices present a participant list; strategy development workshop agenda, participant guidelines for small-group carousel brainstorming; and graphic representations of presentations.
- Published
- 2005
36. Childhood Vision: What the Research Tells Us
- Author
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Center for Health and Health Care in Schools
- Abstract
While a nationwide study of vision problems in children has not been conducted in over 30 years, the most recent NHIS (National Health Interview Survey) study shows vision problems are common in children, with an estimated 13.5 million children ages 0-17 affected. As of 2002, 30 states plus the District of Columbia "required" vision screening in elementary schools or for all school-aged children. Eleven states "recommended" vision screenings. Even with these recommendations and requirement, only a small percentage of preschool and school age children actually receive the recommended or required tests. This paper discusses what schools, parents, and communities can do to help children with vision problems.
- Published
- 2004
37. Speaking for America's Children: Child Advocates Identify Children's Issues and 2002 State Priorities.
- Author
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National Association of Child Advocates, Washington, DC. and Foster, Catherine Crystal
- Abstract
Despite the ongoing devolution of policymaking from the federal to the state and local level, there remains a belief that there is a single agenda for children. In summer 2001, the National Association of Child Advocates (NACA) surveyed its membership to determine if a national agenda for children exists. This paper identifies the key issues affecting children in their states and outlines how child advocates propose to address them in 2002. The introduction details emerging trends influencing child advocacy and discusses overarching issues affecting children. The bulk of the report is comprised of profiles for 49 states (all except Alaska) and the District of Columbia. Each profile lists member organizations for the state, provides key statistics, lists top issues affecting children and families, and identifies the top child advocacy priorities for 2002. The findings revealed that while there are some common issues, such as ensuring that all children have access to affordable quality health care, the strategies necessary for reaching that goal vary considerably. Differing demographic, political, economic, historic, and social circumstances in each state create unique environments requiring individualized responses. The report concludes by noting that there may be consensus about children's most fundamental needs, but setting priorities and choosing strategies to improve child well-being are processes that differ significantly nationwide, with every state and city creating a unique environment for advocacy and change. The report's seven appendices include a description of the study methodology and the statistical analyses used, a glossary of key terms, and a list of NACA members. (KB)
- Published
- 2001
38. The Price of Welfare Dependency: Children Pay.
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Jones, Rebecca M.
- Abstract
Discusses child poverty, the causes of high poverty rates among children, and proposals and programs aimed at reforming Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). Proposes another approach to providing cash benefits to children in the form of a children's allowance or refundable tax credit similar to programs in other industrialized nations. (JPS)
- Published
- 1995
39. Social Change, Socio-Economic Status, and the Development of Self-Direction in Children: A Comparison of Russia, Estonia, and the United States.
- Author
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Tudge, Jonathan, Hogan, Diane, Tammeveski, Peeter, Kulakova, Natasha, Meltsas, Marika, Snezhkova, Irina, and Putnam, Sarah
- Abstract
This study used a Vygotskian perspective to compare child rearing values and beliefs of parents, especially in regard to self-directed activities of children, in the United States, Russia, and Estonia. Participating were 60 families, evenly divided by society and social class (middle or working class), each with a child between 28 and 45 months old. Families were located in Greensboro, North Carolina; Obninsk, Russia; and Tartu, Estonia. Interview and questionnaire data were collected from parents, and observational data were obtained from children observed in their everyday activities for 20 hours during 1 week, focusing on academic lessons, skill/nature lesson, play with academic objects, and conversation with adults. Findings indicated that middle-class parents rated self-direction higher, and control and discipline lower, than working-class parents, and were less likely to be concerned with spoiling their children by giving attention than were working-class parents. There were no cultural differences in parent values and beliefs. Children in Obninsk and Tartu were far more likely than those from Greensboro to be involved in skill/nature lesson. Middle-class children were more likely than working-class counterparts to be involved in academic or skill/nature lessons, except in Obninsk, where there were no social class differences in academic lessons. Middle-class children were more likely to initiate the activities of interest than were their working-class counterparts. (Contains 17 references.) (KB)
- Published
- 1997
40. A Comparison of Self-Regulated Problem-Solving Awareness of American and Korean Children.
- Author
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Gorrell, Jeffrey, Hwang, Young Suk, and Chung, Kap Soon
- Abstract
As part of a cross-cultural investigation of self-regulated learning, this study investigated American and South Korean children's knowledge of appropriate self-regulation in a variety of settings. Participating in the study were 120 South Korean and 95 American children, nearly equally divided between males and females in each of 3 grades--first, third, and fifth. Children were presented with 20 hypothetical situations highlighting self-regulation issues related to problem solving within and outside the classroom. Six personal self-regulation questions followed. Two raters separately coded children's responses into five categories: no strategy, direct effort, active practice, help from others, and other strategies. Results indicated that Korean children had higher self-regulation scores on non-school-based problems than American children, whereas American children had higher self-regulation scores on school-based problems than did Korean children. Third and fifth graders had higher self-regulation scores than first graders. Cultural differences were evident in the type of strategies selected for problem solving. Grade differences support a developmental trend in metacognition for older children to have more elaborate and advanced understanding of learning strategies. (Two appendices include the interview questions and description of log-linear analysis techniques. Contains 25 references.) (KB)
- Published
- 1996
41. A Comparison of Performance on Piagetian Tasks among Japanese and Anglo-American Children Six Years of Age Who Were Exposed to One Language and Two Languages.
- Author
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Horgan, Noriko Saito and Hayes, Mabel
- Abstract
This study explored the extent of measurable differences in performance on Piagetian tasks among six year olds who are exposed to one or two languages. Subjects (N=120) were divided into four groups: (1) native English-speaking Anglo-Americans who live in the United States; (2) native Japanese-speaking Japanese who live in Japan; (3) native English-speaking Anglo-Americans who are exposed to Japanese and live in Japan; and (4) native Japanese speaking Japanese who are exposed to English and live in the United States. Nine null hypotheses were formulated to test for significant differences among the groups on the performance of three different Piagetian tasks which were individually administered. The F-test (p<.01), Q-test (p<.05), and t-test (p<.01) were used for underlying distribution of the test statistics. All subjects (Japanese and American) exposed to two languages performed significantly better on the three Piagetian tasks as compared to subjects exposed to one language. There were no significant differences in performance on the three Piagetian tasks between: (1) Japanese with one language/one culture and Anglo-Americans with one language; and (2) Japanese with two languages/two cultures and Anglo-Americans with two languages. Two tables are included. (Contains 68 references.) (Author)
- Published
- 1994
42. Using the Notion of a Central Conceptual Structure To Explain the Development of Children's Understanding of Human Behaviour.
- Author
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McKeough, Anne
- Abstract
By the age of 4, children typically have separate schema for relating events in the physical world and for relating events to associated mental states. Generally, these schema cannot be coordinated until around 6 years of age, when the ability to use them together yields a structure for assigning intentionality. This intentional structure develops until by adolescence the capacity exists for interpreting personal/character traits and history. These social structures develop throughout early and middle childhood and adolescence and are subject to societal processing constraints. To determine variations in development across cultural and class lines, a comparison was undertaken of performance in story composition and identification by middle socio-economic status (SES) children in Canada, the United States, and Japan and low-SES children in North America. While little difference was found in central social structure for the middle-SES groups in the three countries, low-SES group performance on tasks measuring central intentional structure was considerably below that of the middle-SES subjects. This difference might stem from differences between middle and low SES parent language usage, with middle groups using questions to have children display known information (similar to standard classroom questioning) and treating events in a decontextualized manner, thus aiding the development of children's intentional structure. (Charts of cognitive structures, tables, and 31 references are included.) (BCY)
- Published
- 1993
43. Incarceration and Women's Health: The Utility of Effective Health Education Programming--A Commentary
- Author
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Robertson-James, Candace and Nunez, Ana
- Abstract
The health and well-being of incarcerated women is a significant public health concern. Compared with non-incarcerated women, incarcerated women in the United States are more often from minority populations, younger (between the ages of 18 and 34 years), of low socioeconomic status, unemployed and mothers to children under 18 years of age. More than 80% of women are incarcerated for nonviolent offenses, including drug-related crimes. The incarceration of women poses an additional burden as women prisoners are more likely than male prisoners to have had sole responsibility for their children prior to incarceration. Whereas parental incarceration is difficult for children regardless of which parent is incarcerated, separation from an incarcerated mother is especially traumatic. Two-thirds of incarcerated women have children under the age of 18, and children of women offenders are more likely to be placed in foster care. This commentary explores the health of incarcerated women as well as the need for and challenges of effective health education and promotion programming for these women.
- Published
- 2012
44. Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity Increases Cisplatin Efficacy to Eliminate Metastatic Cells in Pediatric Liver Cancers.
- Author
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Gulati, Ruhi, Fleifil, Yasmeen, Jennings, Katherine, Bondoc, Alex, Tiao, Greg, Geller, James, Timchenko, Lubov, and Timchenko, Nikolai
- Subjects
RISK assessment ,CISPLATIN ,CANCER relapse ,CANCER ,ENZYME inhibitors ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,NEURONS ,CELL proliferation ,DISEASE eradication ,HEPATOBLASTOMA ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,METASTASIS ,CELL lines ,FIBROBLASTS ,DRUG efficacy ,HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma ,HISTONE deacetylase ,PHARMACODYNAMICS ,DISEASE risk factors ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Simple Summary: Patients with pediatric liver cancers hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma very often develop lung metastases. These cancers can present with lung metastases and are at higher risk of relapse. Although cisplatin is very effective at clearing lung metastases, they can still relapse. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic approaches to prevent the development of lung metastases in patients with pediatric liver cancers. In this paper, we show that the metastatic microenvironment of HBL and HCC patients contains a heterogeneous cell population that formed tumor clusters. We found that both fresh primary tumors and generated primary cell cultures had increased the expression of HDAC1, a histone deacetylase, and the transcription factor Sp5. Sp5 and HDAC1 work in tandem by transporting HDAC1 to the promoters of genes and changing their expression. We analyzed the effects of the HDAC inhibitor, SAHA, on the metastasis-initiating cells in combination with cisplatin. We found that HDAC inhibition increases the efficacy of cisplatin to eliminate these metastasis-initiating cells. The pediatric liver cancers, hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, are dangerous cancers which often spread to the lungs. Although treatments with cisplatin significantly improve outcomes, cisplatin may not eliminate metastasis-initiating cells. Our group has recently shown that the metastatic microenvironments of hepatoblastoma contain Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and neuron-like cells, which initiate cancer spread from liver to lungs. In this study, we found that these cells express high levels of HDAC1; therefore, we examined if histone deacetylase inhibition improves cisplatin anti-proliferative effects and reduces the formation of tumor clusters in pediatric liver cancer metastatic microenvironments. Methods: New cell lines were generated from primary hepatoblastoma liver tumors (hbl) and lung metastases (LM) of HBL patients. In addition, cell lines were generated from hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified (HCN-NOS) tumor samples, and hcc cell lines. Hbl, LM and hcc cells were treated with cisplatin, SAHA or in combination. The effect of these drugs on the number of cells, formation of tumor clusters and HDAC1-Sp5-p21 axis were examined. Results: Both HBL and HCC tissue specimens have increased HDAC1-Sp5 pathway activation, recapitulated in cell lines generated from the tumors. HDAC inhibition with vorinostat (SAHA) increases cisplatin efficacy to eliminate CAFs in hbl and in hcc cell lines. Although the neuron-like cells survive the combined treatments, proliferation was inhibited. Notably, combining SAHA with cisplatin overcame cisplatin resistance in an LM cell line from an aggressive case with multiple metastases. Underlying mechanisms of this enhanced inhibition include suppression of the HDAC1-Sp5 pathway and elevation of an inhibitor of proliferation p21. Similar findings were found with gemcitabine treatments suggesting that elimination of proliferative CAFs cells is a key event in the inhibition of mitotic microenvironment. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrate the synergistic benefits of HDAC inhibition and cisplatin to eliminate metastasis-initiating cells in pediatric liver cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of the Current Status and Trends of Postoperative Pain in Children from 1950–2021.
- Author
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Wang, Cong, Liu, Li-Dan, and Bai, Xue
- Subjects
POSTOPERATIVE pain ,POSTOPERATIVE pain treatment ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,MEDICAL subject headings ,DRUG administration ,ANALGESIA - Abstract
Background: Postoperative pain in children has been overlooked for a long time. The knowledge structure, research hotspots and trends related to postoperative pain in children are unclear and have not been systematically summarized. Purpose: We aimed to analyze the current state of research on postoperative pain in children and to conduct in-depth mining of the knowledge structure. Methods: The PubMed database for publications on postoperative pain in children between 1950 and 2021 was searched. Bibliographic Item Co-Occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB) was performed to obtain the co-word matrix and co-occurrence matrix. The H-index method was used to extract high-frequency main Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms/subheadings. Results: The high-frequency MeSH terms were analyzed by biclustering, strategic diagram and social network analyses. Totally, 4022 publications were retrieved. The analysis showed that 60 countries or regions published relevant documents, with the United States publishing the most significant number of papers. Totally, 811 journals published relevant papers, with Pediatric Anesthesia ranking first. Moreover, we extracted 43 high-frequency main MeSH terms/subheadings and clustered them into five categories: overview, aetiology and epidemiology, pharmacotherapy, opioid administration and dosing, and prevention and control of postoperative pain in children. Conclusion: Pharmacological treatments, pain prevention and control are the focus of research and are becoming increasingly mature. Opioid stewardship and regional anesthesia is the trend and focus of future research. Our study offers a better understanding of the current status and knowledge structure of postoperative pain in children and provides a reference for improving postoperative pain management in children in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Leituras e cotidianos de trabalho de artistas de quadrinhos na América Latina: uma história oral.
- Author
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LIMA GOMES, IVAN
- Subjects
COMIC books, strips, etc. ,PUBLISHING ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Research hotspots for pediatric fractures from 2017 to 2022: A bibliometric and visual analysis via Citespace.
- Author
-
Wang, Huan, Yang, Ya-ting, Lu, Qing-da, Liu, Chen-xin, Bai, Huan-an, Wang, Jia-ju, and Jie, Qiang
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,BONE density ,HUMERAL fractures ,CHILD abuse ,ANKLE fractures - Abstract
Objective: This review provides guidance and ideas for researchers through a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the present state, trends, and hotspots in the pediatric fracture literature over the past 6 years. Methods: We used Citespace 6.1.R6 software to explore the country/region distribution, institutions, journals, keyword analysis, and co-cited references of the literature from Web of Science core database. Results: There are 6472 pieces of pediatric fracture–related literature, including 2962 from 2017 to 2019 and 3510 from 2020 to 2022. The country with the most papers is the United States, and US institutions and journals also have a pivotal position in this field. Research hotspots for pediatric fractures in 2017–2019: The topic with the most attention is bone mineral density leading to related bone diseases. Treatment for pediatric fractures, including supracondylar humeral fractures, Monteggia fractures, forearm fractures, knee fractures, and ankle fractures in children, is another topic of greater interest. Brain injuries and dental injuries in children due to abuse and trauma are also concerning issues. Research hotspots for pediatric fractures in 2020–2022: comparison with 2017–2019 revealed a relative decrease regarding ankle-related epiphyseal injuries, but there is a higher focus on the epidemiology of fractures in children, risk factors, and reasons for childhood trauma. We have confirmed through literature co-citations that the literature of high interest is also in these aspects. Conclusion: Researchers and clinicians can quickly learn about topics of interest through authoritative journals and highly cited literature and rapidly master the current status and frontiers of the field through study, providing ideas for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. A Review Essay on the Measurement of Child Well-Being
- Author
-
Fernandes, Liliana, Mendes, Americo, and Teixeira, Aurora A. C.
- Abstract
Research on indicators related to the state of child well-being is a growing field that has experienced several changes over time. The growing supply of data on children, as well as the need to facilitate conclusions and to track trends, has led researchers to develop a number of child well-being indexes. This paper critically reviews the most recent and relevant child well-being indexes, i.e., the Index of Child and Youth Well-Being in the United States, the Child Well-being Index for the European Union, the Microdata Child Well-being Index, and the Deprivation Index. The study focuses primarily on the contributions and innovations the indexes have brought to the field, making a critical assessment of the methods used in the construction of the indexes and identifying their main limitations.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Educating Students of Poverty: One School's Story
- Author
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Wallenstein, Roger
- Abstract
The focus of the achievement gap seems to be less about racial and ethnic distinctions and more about disparities in socioeconomic status. Students from affluent and secure backgrounds have a running head start on students mired in poverty. Few young people in the United States live in more challenging conditions than the children of the eastern Coachella Valley in southern California. Many parents work hard to make ends meet by working the fields of vegetables and fruits, while others have nonskilled jobs in the hospitality industry. Despite their background and low standardized test scores, elementary school students of the valley display a positive attitude and a desire to learn. (Contains 6 figures.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Does Food Insecurity at Home Affect Non-Cognitive Performance at School? A Longitudinal Analysis of Elementary Student Classroom Behavior
- Author
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Howard, Larry L.
- Abstract
This paper estimates models of the transitional effects of food insecurity experiences on children's non-cognitive performance in school classrooms using a panel of 4710 elementary students enrolled in 1st, 3rd, and 5th grade (1999-2003). In addition to an extensive set of child and household-level characteristics, we use information on U.S. counties to control for potential confounding effects of the local economic and noneconomic environment on children's household transitions between states of food insecurity and food security. The time horizon of our analysis affords insight into factors underlying children's formation of non-cognitive skills and the efficiency of classroom-based educational production in elementary school. Overall, we find significant negative developmental effects for children with food insecurity at home; and that children experiencing an early transition from food insecurity in 1st grade to food security in 3rd grade have even larger impairments that persist through 5th grade. (Contains 11 tables.)
- Published
- 2011
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