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In the interplay between scale models and intellectual paradigms, architectural models construct immaterial ideas. This confluence of material and immaterial in architectural modeling is explored through an examination of Gerrit Rietveld’s design for the Rietveld Schröder house (1924). His first wood massing model of the project is often considered to have been created before the idea of flowing space and as an instance of Thomas Kuhn’s paradigm shift. Instead, through Gaston Bachelard’s concept of paradigm nesting, the model is shown to be integral to Rietveld’s design process that used three mutually exclusive notions of mass across different conceptual terrains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various drivers of construction innovation are distinguished and classified in four distinctive categories: environmental pressure, technological capability, knowledge exchange, and boundary spanning. Innovation drivers in these categories are active at the transfirm, intrafirm, and interfirm level in the network of organizations in the construction industry. Empirical research in the Dutch construction industry illustrates that the innovation drivers are used by managers of the authorities, clients, architects, consultants, and contractors to stimulate and facilitate innovation processes. It also exemplifies that driving innovation on the transfirm, intrafirm, and interfirm level in the network of organizations is an opportunity for managers of both public and private organizations to develop, improve, and renew their organizations’ positions in the market, the quality of their organizations’ projects, and the cooperative structure of the industry as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]