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Contact Logics provide a natural framework for representing and reasoning about regions in several areas of computer science. In this paper, we focus our attention on reasoning methods for Contact Logics and address the satisfiability problem and the unifiability problem. Firstly, we give sound and complete tableaux-based decision procedures in Contact Logics and we obtain new results about the decidability/complexity of the satisfiability problem in these logics. Secondly, we address the computability of the unifiability problem in Contact Logics and we obtain new results about the unification type of the unifiability problem in these logics.

The luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN requires the installation of additional collimators in the dispersion suppressor regions of the accelerator. The upgrade foresees the installation of one additional collimator on either side of interaction point 7 (IP7) at the location of the existing main dipoles (MBs) that will be replaced by shorter and more powerful dipoles, and of one additional collimator on either side of IP2 at the location of existing empty cryostats. This paper describes the design and the construction status of the full-length prototype of the 11-T dipole magnet, which is needed for IP7. This magnet features a two-in-one structure, like the LHC MB, impregnated coils made of Nb3Sn conductor, an inner bore of 60 mm, and a magnetic length of about 5.3 m. Two 11-T magnets are needed to replace a 15-m long MB. A by-pass cryostat placed in between the two magnets allows creating a room temperature space for the additional collimators. The magnet is designed to provide the same integrated field as the MB at nominal field. However, due to the difference in transfer function at lower field, a correction by means of a trim current has been considered. A full-length prototype is currently under construction at CERN with the goal of developing the manufacturing and inspection procedures prior to launch the series production. For this, new tooling has been developed and optimized during the fabrication of fully representative practice coils. This paper describes the design of the magnet, the main manufacturing steps, and corresponding quality indicators, which will be used to monitor the series production. Finally, the production and installation schedule will be presented.

A path in an edge-colored graph is called conflict-free if it contains a color that is used by exactly one of its edges. An edge-colored graph G is conflict-free connected if for any two distinct vertices of G, there is a conflict-free path connecting them. For a connected graph G, the conflict-free connection number of G, denoted by cfc(G), is defined as the minimum number of colors that are required to make G conflict-free connected. In this paper, we investigate the conflict-free connection numbers of connected claw-free graphs, especially line graphs. We use L(G) to denote the line graph of a graph G. In general, the k-iterated line graph of a graph G, denoted by \(L^k(G)\), is the line graph of the graph \(L^{k-1}(G)\), where \(k\ge 2\) is a positive integer. We first show that for an arbitrary connected graph G, there exists a positive integer k such that \(cfc(L^k(G))\le 2\). Secondly, we get the exact value of the conflict-free connection number of a connected claw-free graph, especially a connected line graph. Thirdly, we prove that for an arbitrary connected graph G and an arbitrary positive integer k, we always have \(cfc(L^{k+1}(G))\le cfc(L^k(G))\), with only the exception that G is isomorphic to a star of order at least 5 and \(k=1\). Finally, we obtain the exact values of \(cfc(L^k(G))\), and use them as an efficient tool to get the smallest nonnegative integer \(k_0\) such that \(cfc(L^{k_0}(G))=2\).

In this paper our aim is to give refinements of Jensen?s type inequalities for the convex function defined on the co-ordinates of the bidimensional interval in the plane.

The development of a DNA microfluidic device with a high speed, low power, and low reagent volume is very critical for real-time genotyping and diagnosis in point-of-care applications. This paper reports a polymer-based thermal cycler for a handheld and battery-powered polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system using a polyimide (PI) film-based micro-fabricated heater module and polymer film microfluidic chambers of 10 μL, with a handheld and low power consumption, compared to state of the art. It took 21 min for 40 thermal cycling for DNA amplification and a maximum power consumption of 0.6 W. The microheater on PI film substrate fabricated and real-time quantification of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) using the heater in hand-held sizes experimentally shown here. The device would be applicable for on-site molecular diagnostics.

A novel, on-demand microfluidic droplet merging mechanism is presented in this paper. We demonstrate that a narrow beam surface acoustic wave, targeted at the oil buffer, causes nearby surfactant-stabilized droplets to coalesce. The lack of direct exposure of the droplet to the excitation stimulus makes this method ideal for sensitive samples as harm will not occur. This powerful technique works on a straight channel with no special design, is not affected by surfactant concentration and droplet volume hence promises seamless integration into existing microfluidic systems. It offers high-throughput, biologically safe, on-demand droplet merging for applications ranging from fast reaction kinetics to microfluidic high throughput screening. We thoroughly characterize the physical mechanism triggering droplet-droplet coalescence and observe a cutoff distance from the center of the acoustic beam to the droplet-droplet interface after which the merging mechanism does not work anymore. We establish that the most likely mechanism for merging is acoustic streaming induced droplet deformation.

Magnetic separation technology is playing an increasingly important role in the field of environmental protection such as waste gas, waste water and solid waste treatment. As a new type of solid waste treatment technology, superconducting high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) is mainly applied in the separation of micro-fine weakly magnetic particles because of the advantages of high separation efficiency, energy saving, simple equipment and easy automation. In this paper, the basic principle of superconducting HGMS was firstly introduced, then the research status of scholars at home and aboard on the disposal of micro-fine tailings were summarized. Finally, the direction of development for HGMS was put forward.

The fertilizer industry generates wastewater rich in phosphate and fluoride content, with concentration as high as 4540 and 9720 mg L −1 , respectively. The untreated wastewater may enhance the growth of algae, promote eutrophication, and create serious effects on environmental health and aquatic life. Therefore, this wastewater has to be treated before releasing into the environment. This study evaluates the performance of a three-compartment electrodialysis reactor to remove fluoride and calcium ions, and recover phosphate present in the wastewater, for possible further use in the fertilizer industry. The experiments were conducted in a batch system at room temperature. A 4 L of wastewater was electrodialysed using three different electrical current (i.e., 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 A) and two different membrane surface areas (i.e., 100 and 200 cm 2 ). The highest removal of fluoride ions was up to 260 mg L −1 (2.7%) by applying 1 A of current and 100 cm 2 membrane area. No substantial increase of fluoride and calcium removal was observed for 200 cm 2 membrane area. Interestingly, the amount of the remaining phosphate was high (i.e., only 1% removal), implying a very efficient recovery in the feed. The energy required for fluoride ion transfer was much lower than for phosphate ion, i.e., up to 6 vs. 0.12 mol kWh −1 , suggesting that a higher removal of fluoride can possibly be achieved by limiting migration of phosphate ion through the membrane.

In this paper we consider nonlinear evolution equations of the form(E) u″(t) + Au(t) + B(t)u′(t) = f(t), 0 ≦ t < ∞,(u′(t) = d2u(t)/dt2, u′(t) = du(t)/dt), where A and B(t) are (possibly) nonlinear operators. Various examples of equations of type (E) arise in physics; for instance, if Au = –Δu and B(t)u′ = | u′ | u′, the equation represents a classical vibrating membrane with the resistance proportional to the velocity.

This paper introduces a comprehensive analysis tool and framework for studying the structural dynamic and aeroelastic behavior of smart beams. It includes the theory behind the components of this c...

The additive primitive length of an element $f$ of a relatively free algebra $F_d$ in a variety of algebras is equal to the minimal number $\ell$ such that $f$ can be presented as a sum of $\ell$ primitive elements. We give an upper bound for the additive primitive length of the elements in the $d$-generated polynomial algebra over a field of characteristic 0, $d>1$. The bound depends on $d$ and on the degree of the element. We show that if the field has more than two elements, then the additive primitive length in free $d$-generated nilpotent-by-abelian Lie algebras is bounded by 5 for $d=3$ and by 6 for $d>3$. If the field has two elements only, then our bound are 6 for $d=3$ and 7 for $d>3$. This generalizes a recent result of Ela Ayd��n for two-generated free metabelian Lie algebras. In all cases considered in the paper the presentation of the elements as sums of primitive can be found effectively in polynomial time., LATEX, 9 pages

Paper's focus is on the economic effects of introducing energy from renewable sources (solar energy) in the raspberry production (mainly for irrigation). Main goal is to assess economic effectiveness of investment in establishing and exploiting raspberry plantation, as well as implementation of required equipment and mechanization, from the point of two investment scenarios. First scenario considers conventional way of raspberry production, compared to raspberry production under mobile solar robotized electric generator. Methodologically, the analysis implies application of a set of methods for dynamic evaluation of investment and methods for evaluation of investments under uncertainty (the net present value, the internal rate of return, the payback period and the break-even point). The result of conducted assessment shows that, apart from ecological benefit, there is high economic justification of investment into device used for transfer of renewable into electric energy in raspberry production.

Ultrafine Pt nanoparticles loaded on ceria (CeO2) are promising nanostructured catalysts for many important reactions. However, such catalysts often suffer from thermal instability due to coarsening of Pt nanoparticles at elevated temperatures, especially for those with high Pt loading, which leads to severe deterioration of catalytic performances. Here, a facile strategy is developed to improve the thermal stability of ultrafine (1–2 nm)-Pt/CeO2 catalysts with high Pt content (≈14 wt%) by partially embedding Pt nanoparticles at the surface of CeO2 through the redox reaction at the solid–solution interface. Ex situ heating studies demonstrate the significant increase in thermal stability of such embedded nanostructures compared to the conventional loaded catalysts. The microscopic pathways for interparticle coarsening of Pt embedded or loaded on CeO2 are further investigated by in situ electron microscopy at elevated temperatures. Their morphology and size evolution with heating temperature indicate that migration and coalescence of Pt nanoparticles are remarkably suppressed in the embedded structure up to about 450 °C, which may account for the improved thermal stability compared to the conventional loaded structure.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are successful in many computer vision tasks. However, the most accurate DNNs require millions of parameters and operations, making them energy, computation and memory intensive. This impedes the deployment of large DNNs in low-power devices with limited compute resources. Recent research improves DNN models by reducing the memory requirement, energy consumption, and number of operations without significantly decreasing the accuracy. This paper surveys the progress of low-power deep learning and computer vision, specifically in regards to inference, and discusses the methods for compacting and accelerating DNN models. The techniques can be divided into four major categories: (1) parameter quantization and pruning, (2) compressed convolutional filters and matrix factorization, (3) network architecture search, and (4) knowledge distillation. We analyze the accuracy, advantages, disadvantages, and potential solutions to the problems with the techniques in each category. We also discuss new evaluation metrics as a guideline for future research., Accepted for publication at 2020 IEEE 6th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), New Orleans, LA, USA 2020

To survive floods, fire ants link their bodies together to build waterproof rafts. Such rafts can be quite large, exceeding 100,000 individuals in size. In this study, we make two improvements on a previously reported model on the construction rate of rafts numbering between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. That model was based upon experimental observations of randomly-directed linear ant trajectories atop the raft. Here, we report anomalous behavior of ants atop larger rafts of up to 23,000 ants. As rafts increase in size, the behavior of ants approaches diffusion, which is in closer alignment with other studies on the foraging and scouting patterns of ants. We incorporate this ant behavior into the model. Our modified model predicts more accurately the growth of large rafts. Our previous model also relied on an assumption of raft circularity. We show that this assumption is not necessary for large rafts, because it follows from the random directionality of the ant trajectories. Our predicted relationship between raft size and circularity closely fits experimental data.

There are many aspects in which the subject of copyright might be regarded by the writer of a paper appointed to be read before this Association. It might be treated historically, and dressed with amusing anecdote; instances of bad or good fortune attending on certain well-known compositions might be recorded; lessons might be drawn from the high rewards obtained by the comic song or the dance tune, as compared with the poor financial results realised by the classical work of high intention and, it may be, of high achievement. Or, again, each composer or publisher might well and effectively occupy the attention of a meeting of the Association for the limited period allotted for discussion in treating this subject of copyright from the standpoint of his own special grievance or experience or criticism, and in offering for acceptance his own peculiar remedy or suggestion for amendment of the law. Or, again (to give as illustrations two points in the law of copyright so special in their character that they will need no further notice in this paper), the reader might treat the subject from the side of paradox. Eg. gr.: it is a maxim in the law of copyright that there can be no copyright in immoral publications: can there be immorality in music? Could we apply this maxim and deny copyright to a musical composition so trivial, so commonplace, or with so many consecutive fifths in it as to amount to musical immorality? Or again, the fifth section in the Copyright Act of 1842 empowers the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, on complaint that the proprietor of the copyright in any book (including printed music), after the death of its author, has refused to republish or allow the republication of the same, and that by reason of such refusal such book may be withheld from the public, to grant a license to the complainant to publish such book in such manner and subject to such conditions as they think fit; and the complainant may publish such book according to such license. Question raised: Would it be expedient to extend the principle of this provision to cases in the lifetime of the author, as, e.g., when the proprietor of the copyright in a musical composition has got possession of the plates and locked them up in his cellars, and refuses to reprint; and the composer, who sees in the publication of the work the passport to the recognition of his genius, laments the loss to the world of such a precious possession?

Timber is constantly exposed to environmental influences under outdoor conditions which limits its lifetime and usability. In order to counteract the damaging processes caused by insects, we have developed a novel and more environmentally friendly method to protect wood materials via covalent modification by organic insecticides. Starting with an important class of synthetic insecticides which are derived from the natural insecticide nicotine, various new carboxylic acid derivatives of imidacloprid were made accessible. These activated neonicotinoids were utilized for the chemical modification of wood hydroxy groups. In contrast to conventional wood preservation methods in which biocides are only physically bound to the surface for a limited time, the covalent fixation of the preservative guarantees a permanent effect against wood pests, demonstrated in standardized biological tests. Additionally, the environmental interaction caused by non-bound neonicotinoids is significantly reduced, since both, a smaller application rate is required and leaching of the active ingredient is prevented. By minimizing the pest infestation, the lifetime of the material increases while preserving the natural appearance of the material.

This paper aims at exploring the scCO2 impregnation of three commonly implanted polymer sutures made of poly-l-lactide (PLLA), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polypropylene (PP) with two anti-inflammatory drugs namely ketoprofen and aspirin. For all the investigated polymer/drug systems, the drug loading increases with temperature and pressure. It appears that two main criteria must be fulfilled by the polymer to achieve high drug loading: (i) a good affinity between the polymer and the drug and (ii) a high chain mobility to favor the diffusion of the drug into the matrix. As the investigated PLLA fulfills these two requirements, drug loading up to 32.5% with ketoprofen and 8.1% with aspirin has been achieved.

The main purpose of this paper is to investigates structure scalars in the context of $f(\mathcal{G}, T)$ gravity, where $\mathcal{G}$ is the Gauss-Bonnet invariant and $T$ is the trace of stress energy tensor. For this aim, we have considered the spherically symmetric spacetime and dissipative anisotropic fluid coupled with radiation and heat ejecting shearing matter distributions. We have found these scalar variables by orthogonally decomposing the Riemann curvature tensor in $f(\mathcal{G}, T)$ gravity. Moreover, the evolution equations of shear and expansion are also developed with the help of these scalar functions. We have also analyzed these scalars by taking constant $\mathcal{G}$ and $T$ for dust cloud. The physical behavior of structure scalars for radiating matter distributions has been examined in the presence of modified gravity. It is shown that the evolutionary stages of relativistic stellar structures can be explored via modified scalar functions., Comment: 21 pages, submitted for publication

SUMMARY The Lagrange-multiplier test procedure is applied to hypotheses concerning autoregress- ive moving-average time-series models. The portmanteau and Quenouille goodness-of fit tests are derived in this manner against specific alternative hypotheses and two other tests are obtained which have the nature of pure significance tests. 1. OvERFrrTiNG ONE reasonable method of testing the specification of a statistical model is by overfitting: the null hypothesis that the model is correct is tested against a suitable alternative hypothesis of which the null hypothesis is a special case. Three methods of obtaining overfitting tests are the likelihood-ratio procedure, Wald's procedure (Wald, 1943) and the Lagrange-multiplier procedure (Aitchison and Silvey, 1958; Silvey, 1959). Rao (1973, Section 6e) discusses the tests in some detail. These procedures give asymptotically equivalent tests but for a specific problem one of them may be particularly convenient. For example, the Lagrange-multiplier procedure does not involve estimation of the alternative model and so may be preferred when this estimation is difficult. This will be so in the situation which concerns us here. Suppose that the alternative model is very general and wide-ranging, containing many more parameters than the null model. We would then prefer to test the hypotheses using the Lagrange-multiplier procedure, since this does not require estimation of the alternative model. Because the alternative model is very general it can represent a wide range of possible deviations from the null model, so the Lagrange-multiplier test, depending only on estimates of the null model, might be expected to depend only weakly on the precise form of the alternative model. In other words, when the alternative model is very general we expect the Lagrange-muliplier test to resemble a pure significance test, i.e. a test based on a statistic whose behaviour is considered only on the null hypothesis, no alternative being taken into account (Cox and Hinkley, 1974, Chapter 3). Conversely, given a pure significance test of a certain model, we might hope to find a general alternative model against which the Lagrange-multiplier test is equivalent to the given pure significance test. In this paper we justify these conjectures in the context of testing time-series model specification. We take as null model the autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) model

Space-filling designs are a convenient and effective approach for exploring the input space for experiments. However, standard choices for these designs strive to provide uniform density of points throughout the region of interest. There are numerous situations where flexibility to adapt the density of points to match specific design objectives would be advantageous to maximize the efficiency of the design. In this paper, we propose non-uniform space-filling (NUSF) designs to achieve a user-specified desired density distribution of design points across the input space and demonstrate how to implement NUSF designs in different ways to provide the experimenters with flexibility to match their goals. The approach is flexible for a variety of scenarios where the experimenter wishes to control the density of points throughout the region while still preserving the space-filling characteristic. Details are provided about how to translate a problem into an appropriate weight structure to generate several designs which can then be compared using graphical methods, including the Closest Distance by Weight plot, to determine if the desired characteristics have been achieved. The methods are demonstrated with two real examples with different requirements for design point placement.

As the success of deep models has led to their deployment in all areas of computer vision, it is increasingly important to understand how these representations work and what they are capturing. In this paper, we shed light on deep spatiotemporal representations by visualizing the internal representation of models that have been trained to recognize actions in video. We visualize multiple two-stream architectures to show that local detectors for appearance and motion objects arise to form distributed representations for recognizing human actions. Key observations include the following. First, cross-stream fusion enables the learning of true spatiotemporal features rather than simply separate appearance and motion features. Second, the networks can learn local representations that are highly class specific, but also generic representations that can serve a range of classes. Third, throughout the hierarchy of the network, features become more abstract and show increasing invariance to aspects of the data that are unimportant to desired distinctions (e.g. motion patterns across various speeds). Fourth, visualizations can be used not only to shed light on learned representations, but also to reveal idiosyncrasies of training data and to explain failure cases of the system.

In this paper we use nonlinear simulations to show the generation of single-cell vortices, two-cell vortices and double vortices in a cylinder non-homogeneously heated from below in a rotating reference frame. For moderate rotation rates we show the transition from an axisymmetric one-cell vortex, characterized by an updraft at the center of the cell, to an axisymmetric two-cell vortex, characterized by a central downdraft surrounded by updraft, i.e., a vortex that develops a central eye. This transition can be explained through a force balance analysis. When the thermal gradient increases beyond a certain threshold the axisymmetric single-eyed vortex loses the axisymmetry, the eye displaces from the center and tilts. For larger rotation rates the axisymmetric one-cell vortex bifurcates to a double vortex.

This paper describes a research project exploring future urban forests. This study uses a Delphi approach to develop a set of key indicators for healthy, resilient urban forests. Two groups of experts participated in the Delphi survey: International academics and local practitioners. The results of the Delphi indicate that “urban tree diversity” and “physical access to nature” are indicators of high importance. “Tree risk” and “energy conservation” were rated as indicators of relatively low importance. Results revealed some differences between academics and practitioners in terms of their rating of the indicators. The research shows that some indicators rated as high importance are not necessarily the ones measured or promoted by many municipal urban forestry programs. In particular, social indicators of human health and well-being were rated highly by participants, but not routinely measured by urban forestry programs.

This is an expository paper, which provides a first approach to nearly Kenmotsu manifolds. The purpose of this paper is to focus on nearly Kenmotsu manifolds and get some new results from it. We prove that for a nearly Kenmotsu manifold is locally isometric to warped product of real line and nearly K\"ahler manifold. Finally, we prove that there exist no nearly Kenmotsu hypersurface of nearly K\"ahler manifold. It is shown that a normal nearly Kenmotsu manifold is Kenmotsu manifold.

International audience; With the advancement of fabrication processes, bistable single domain nanomagnets are being exploited to design digital logic circuits. The fabricated circuits are however particularly sensitive to process variations and thermal noise. In this paper we exploit these weaknesses to design a true random number generator. The underlying idea is that the nanomagnet can be forced in a metastable state by using an external magnetic field. The removal of the field will lead the nanomagnet to a random state. To validate the proposed structure we use micromagnetic simulations considering both process variations and thermal noise. We present here our preliminary and very promising results.

In this paper, we explore the nature of the contradictions between capitalism and the environment as they emerge under new conditions of stress and austerity in Spanish contexts. These contradictions show how shallow the roots of urban post-materialism can be. They also show that post-materialism, which is embedded in the different habitus that can characterise rural lifestyles can have a stronger base. Ironically, however, it is precisely these lifestyles which are being threatened by top-down nature conservation practices being pursued in the Spanish State. We analyse the results of several surveys centred on environmental issues and compare the results with social discourses that arise from a specific study carried out in protected areas located in the Spanish State. In the introduction, the researchers present theoretical arguments that have played a fundamental role in shaping the social opinions on the topic of the environmentalism. In the first part, we explore the opinions revolving around environmental concern. In the second part, we focus on practices and social profiles that reflect environmentally sustainable behaviours. In the third part, we concentrate on our qualitative study and evaluate a paradoxical situation with respect to conservation. In protected areas, top-down conservation is imposed; however, many of these areas are also located in rural populations where a type of environmental conservation related to their way of life and everyday practices is part of their traditional knowledge.

The low-resolution shape of an unknown intermediate in an evolving nanostructured system is directly reconstructed from a global fit of the solution scattering data recorded during the process., Many important biological processes like amyloid formation, viral assembly etc. can be monitored in vitro. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is one of the most effective techniques to structurally characterize these processes in solution. For monodisperse systems and some oligomeric mixtures, low-resolution shapes can be determined ab initio from the SAXS data, but for evolving systems, such analysis is hampered by the presence of multiple species and no direct reconstruction procedures are available. The authors consider a frequently occurring case where the scattering from the initial and final states of the process are known but there exists a major (unknown) intermediate component. A method is presented to directly reconstruct the low-resolution shape of this transient component together with its volume fractions from multiple scattering patterns recorded from an evolving system. The method is implemented in the computer program DAMMIX freely available to academic users and its effectiveness is illustrated in several synthetic and experimental examples.

The understanding on defect-related photoluminescence (PL) properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles has a fundamental importance in the technological field for the development of new non-toxic biomedical and optical devices. However, the mechanisms responsible for this intrinsic PL in HA are not completely elucidated in the literature yet. In the present paper, stoichiometric and calcium-deficient HA nano- and micro-particles were synthesized by chemical precipitation. The influence of structural and morphological features on the intrinsic PL and electronic structure of this material were investigated by varying the addition rate of the phosphate precursor (0.15, 7.00 or 600.00 mL/min) and pH (4.5–5.0 or 9.5–10.0) value adopted in the precipitation. The results indicated that the structural order at long- and short-range varied with the synthesis conditions and particle shapes (rods, needles, plates, and rices). The blue and green PL emissions were attributed to defects (bulk, surface and interface) in the samples. These defects promoted the formation of additional energy levels within the band gap, as revealed by using two distinct excitation wavelengths for photoemission measurements. The energies of these wavelengths (~ 3.54 and ~ 2.98 eV at 350 and 415 nm, respectively) were lower than the band gap energies of HA samples (from 5.59 to 5.72 eV). A general model was proposed to explain the occurrence of self-activated PL in HA structure.

Face stability analyses of shield-driven tunnels are often carried out to determine the required support pressure on the tunnel face. Although various three-dimensional mechanisms have been proposed for circular faces of tunnels in frictional and/or cohesive soils to obtain the limit support pressure, the most critical one has not yet been found. Based on a rotational failure mechanism for the frictional soils, this paper modifies the circular cross section as an ellipse to make the generating collapse surface inscribe the entire circular tunnel face. Using the kinematical approach of limit analysis yields an upper bound to the limit support pressure. Through comparisons with the existing results in the literature, the improved mechanism can better estimate the upper bound and is very similar to the observed failures in the experimental tests. The influences of the pore water pressure are also included in the stability analysis of tunnel faces. Calculated upper-bound solutions are presented in a condensed form of charts for convenient use in practice.

Mountainous regions are often considered pristine environments; however they can be affected by pollutants emitted in more populated and industrialised areas, transported by regional winds. Based on experimental evidence, further supported by modelling tools, here we demonstrate and quantify the impact of air masses transported from the Po Valley, a European atmospheric pollution hotspot, to the northwestern Alps. This is achieved through a detailed investigation of the phenomenology of near-range (a few hundred kilometres), trans-regional transport, exploiting synergies of multi-sensor observations mainly focussed on particulate matter. The explored dataset includes vertically resolved data from atmospheric profiling techniques (automated lidar ceilometers, ALCs), vertically integrated aerosol properties from ground (sun photometer) and space, and in situ measurements (PM10 and PM2.5, relevant chemical analyses, and aerosol size distribution). During the frequent advection episodes from the Po basin, all the physical quantities observed by the instrumental setup are found to significantly increase: the scattering ratio from ALC reaches values >30, aerosol optical depth (AOD) triples, surface PM10 reaches concentrations >100 µg m−3 even in rural areas, and contributions to PM10 by secondary inorganic compounds such as nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate increase up to 28 %, 8 %, and 17 %, respectively. Results also indicate that the aerosol advected from the Po Valley is hygroscopic, smaller in size, and less light-absorbing compared to the aerosol type locally emitted in the northwestern Italian Alps. In this work, the phenomenon is exemplified through detailed analysis and discussion of three case studies, selected for their clarity and relevance within the wider dataset, the latter being fully exploited in a companion paper quantifying the impact of this phenomenology over the long-term (Diémoz et al., 2019). For the three case studies investigated, a high-resolution numerical weather prediction model (COSMO) and a Lagrangian tool (LAGRANTO) are employed to understand the meteorological mechanisms favouring transport and to demonstrate the Po Valley origin of the air masses. In addition, a chemical transport model (FARM) is used to further support the observations and to partition the contributions of local and non-local sources. Results show that the simulations are important to the understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. However, in quantitative terms, modelled PM10 concentrations are 4–5 times lower than the ones retrieved from the ALC and maxima are anticipated in time by 6–7 h. Underestimated concentrations are likely mainly due to deficiencies in the emission inventory and to water uptake of the advected particles not fully reproduced by FARM, while timing mismatches are likely an effect of suboptimal simulation of up-valley and down-valley winds by COSMO. The advected aerosol is shown to remarkably degrade the air quality of the Alpine region, with potential negative effects on human health, climate, and ecosystems, as well as on the touristic development of the investigated area. The findings of the present study could also help design mitigation strategies at the trans-regional scale in the Po basin and suggest an observation-based approach to evaluate the outcome of their implementation.

The paper explains how to solve the Gyrotron equation system in the Single Mode Time Dependent Approach. In particular, we point out problems encountered when solving these well-known equations. The starting current estimation approach a using time model is suggested. The solution has been implemented in the Matlab code, which is attached to the article.

During the last twelve years I have communicated to this Society, often in collaboration with Dr. G. T. Prior, several papers descriptive of Bolivian minerals. These papers have dealt primarily with the species augelite, andorite, argyrodite, stannite, and chaleostibite, though many others have been examined and in some cases incidentally mentioned. The latter, as being of lesser general interest, or as not having led to sufficiently important results for separate publication, are now collected together in the present notes.

In ‘Nature’ of May 31, 1906, the senior author gave a preliminary account of a new Vesuvian mineral, which he had found amongst the products of the eruption of April 1906, and for which he proposed tile name chlormanganokalite. It was described as a hydrous chloride of manganese and potassium, occurring as deliquescent crystals apparently rhombohedral in form. A few days later, on June 5, 1906, Professor A. Laeroix described, before the French Academy of Sciences, a Vesuvian mineral which he thought must be identical with chlormanganokalite : he stated it to be an anhydrous chloride of manganese, potassium, and sodium, and he determined the deliquescent crystals to be monoclinic and psehdo-rhombohedral. In a later paper, Professor Lacroix rightly insists upon this identity.

International audience; In this paper, we propose some efficient and robust numerical methods to compute the ground states anddynamics of Fractional Schrödinger Equation (FSE) with a rotation term and nonlocal nonlinear interactions.In particular, a newly developed Gaussian-sum (GauSum) solver is used for the nonlocal interactionevaluation [33]. To compute the ground states, we integrate the preconditioned Krylov subspace pseudospectralmethod [5] and the GauSum solver. For the dynamics simulation, using the rotating Lagrangiancoordinates transform [16], we first reformulate the FSE into a new equation without rotation. Then, atime-splitting pseudo-spectral scheme incorporated with the GauSum solver is proposed to simulate the newFSE. In parallel to the numerical schemes, we also prove some existence and nonexistence results for theground states. Dynamical laws of some standard quantities, including the mass, energy, angular momentumand the center of mass, are stated. The ground states properties with respect to the fractional orderand/or rotating frequencies, dynamics involving decoherence and turbulence together with some interestingphenomena are reported.

International audience; This paper presents a demonstration on the visualization and the characterization of gas−liquid mass transfer in a small bubbly column. The aim is to show how simple experiments can be used to directly quantify mass transfer without the need of sophisticated probes or complex titrations. The method here proposed is based on the "red bottle" reaction, i.e. the reversible oxidation by oxygen of dihydroresorufin to red resorufin. This reaction produces a distinctive red color and, in the specific condition identified, the time required to turn from colorless to red solution can be directly correlated with the inverse of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient kL.a (s-1). Therefore, this reaction can be used to estimate the mass flux of oxygen transferred from the gas phase (bubbles) to the liquid phase and to study how this flux is affected by geometrical and operating parameters of bubbly flows. The lab work described is thus very convenient for education purposes. This is the first visual demonstration allowing mass transfer to be quantified with good precision, opening up a wide range of applications.

Mechanical decoupling poses a limit to the achievable positioning precision of a two-body system actuated by a single Lorentz actuator. To control such a system, the damping between the two bodies needs to be adjusted to a trade-off value, which allows both high control bandwidth of the directly actuated body and good isolation from environmental vibration. In this paper, hydraulic shock absorbers are employed to tune the damping. An experimental setup of a two-body system is built, with the shock absorbers mounted between the bodies. A higher level of damping of the decoupling mode is observed by using fluids with higher dynamic viscosity. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is confirmed by comparing the theoretical and experimental values of the damping coefficient for different values of the dynamic viscosity.

This paper gives the results of an investigation at the Imperial Institute of a carnotite-bearing specimen received from South Australia.The material represented by the specimen is described by Mr. H. Y. L. Brown, Government Geologist of South Australia, as occurring about 2 miles SSW. of Teesdale's dam and about 20 miles ESE. of Olary railway station. He remarks : ‘The ore occurs as yellow and greenish-yellow incrustations and powder on the faces, joints, and cavities of a lode formation, which consists of magnetic titaniferous iron, magnetite, &c., and quartz in association with black mica (biotite) . . . . . . The outcrops traverse metamorphic gneissic micaceous granite and granite schist, into which dykes of granite and diorite have been intruded.’

Cities are of paramount importance to meeting our sustainable energy goals. In particular, the massive informal settlement or “slum” redevelopment programs occurring in many global cities of the developing world represent an incredible opportunity to design dwellings that improve living conditions while putting us on a trajectory towards more energy efficient cities. However, we currently lack an understanding of how redevelopment designs will impact occupant aspects like thermal comfort and energy usage. In this paper, we explore how early-stage design decisions for redevelopment of informal settlements would impact thermal comfort and energy implications in a highly contextualized energy simulation. Specifically, we conduct a first-of-its-kind analysis of the Dharavi informal settlement in Mumbai, India that identifies optimal redevelopment design configurations, explores spatial and temporal thermal heterogeneity and quantifies the impact that specific design parameters have on thermal comfort. In doing so, we aim to establish a novel computational energy modeling framework for exploring the impact that localized design parameters have on informal settlement redevelopment in India and the rest of the world. We model and simulate 18,900 design scenarios in the existing horizontal (M1) and two proposed vertical (M2, M3) building morphologies. Our results indicate that redevelopment plans must be designed carefully since simply replicating current materials and other parameters in a vertical form will likely worsen thermal comfort and associated energy burdens for occupants. Moreover, results revealed that the M3 vertical morphology was the most desired design case as it provided the most “compliant” days (i.e., days in which no dwelling exceeded the upper bound of Indian comfort standards) but thermal comfort equity could be an issue as significant variation exists between units at the ground floor and top floor. The M3 vertical morphology was also found to be the most sensitive form to other building design parameters (e.g., WWR, thermal insulation, ventilation) – underscoring the need for specific design guidelines on other parameters when adopting this form. Deeper sensitivity analysis revealed that window-to-wall ratio (WWR) was the most sensitive design parameter. Additionally, we found that the ventilation rate had as much of an impact on thermal comfort as other design parameters pointing to opportunities to enhance thermal comfort in the operational phase of dwellings. In the end, by establishing a computational energy modeling framework specifically for informal settlements and exploring design parameters for the largest informal settlement in Asia (Dharavi), our work has significant implications for how we can inform informal settlement redevelopment that both enhances occupant living conditions and set our cities’ on a pathway to a sustainable energy future.

Introduction Psychological, physiological and social factors play an important role in the initiation, persistence, dependence and relapse of smoking behaviors, and coping style and smoking abstinence self-efficacy can all affect nicotine dependence. Methods A cross-sectional sample of 568 quitters from 19 communities in Beijing in 2019 was surveyed. Demographic information and psychological characteristics of smokers were collected by an interview questionnaire, and psychological traits scales including the Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy (SASE) and the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ). We compared differences in psychological traits across demographic information and explored the relationship between nicotine dependence and coping styles and self-efficacy in refusing to smoke. Results Significant differences were identified in self-efficacy in refusing to smoke and across dimensions among quitters by gender, job type, education level, and monthly income level (all p

In this paper an attempt is made to state and explain, in a simple manner, the essential features of the phenomena which are seen when plates of pleochroie minerals are examined in ordinary light.The pleochroie effects exhibited by minerals are usually studied in light of practically normal incidence. For the observation of facial colours, transparent crystals, or, better still, specially orientated cube-shaped pieces of minerals, are examined in ordinary light. In general, by this mode of observation, only facial colours are seen when ordinary light is used, and for the observation of axial colours the incident light must be polarized.

Fingermarks are highly relevant in criminal investigations for individualization purposes. In some cases, the question in court changes from ‘Who is the source of the fingermarks?’ to ‘How did the fingermark end up on the surface?’. In this paper, we explore the evaluation of fingermarks given activity level propositions by using Bayesian networks. The variables that provide information on activity level questions for fingermarks are identified and their current state of knowledge with regards to fingermarks is discussed. We identified the variables transfer, persistency, recovery, background fingermarks, location of the fingermarks, direction of the fingermarks, the area of friction ridge skin that left the mark and pressure distortions as variables that may provide information on how a fingermark ended up on a surface. Using three case examples, we show how Bayesian networks can be used for the evaluation of fingermarks given activity level propositions.

At intermediate and high redshifts, measurements of galaxy star-formation rates are usually based on rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) data. A correction for dust attenuation, A_UV, is needed for these measurements. This correction is typically inferred from UV spectral slopes (beta) using an equation known as "Meurer's Relation." In this paper, we study this relation at a redshift of 1.5 using images and photometric measurements in the rest-frame UV (HST) through mid-infrared (Spitzer). It is shown that massive star-forming galaxies (above 10^10 Msun) have dust corrections that are dependent on their inclination to the line-of-sight. Edge-on galaxies have higher A_UV and infrared excess (IRX=L(IR)/L(UV)) than face-on galaxies at a given beta. Interestingly, dust corrections for low-mass star-forming galaxies do not depend on inclination. This is likely because more massive galaxies have more disk-like shapes/kinematics, while low-mass galaxies are more prolate and have more disturbed kinematics. To account for an inclination-dependent dust correction, a modified Meurer's Relation is derived: A_UV=4.43+1.99 beta - 1.73 (b/a-0.67), where b/a is the galaxy axis ratio. This inclination-dependence of A_UV can be explained by a two-component model of the dust distribution inside galaxies. In such a model, the dust attenuation of edge-on galaxies has a higher contribution from a "mixture" component (dust uniformly mixed with stars in the diffuse interstellar medium), and a lower contribution from a "birth cloud" component (near-spherical dust shells surrounding young stars in H II regions) than that of face-on galaxies. The difference is caused by the larger path-lengths through disks at higher inclinations., Comment: 25 pages, 14 figures. Accepted to ApJ. Figure 4 is the key plot

Defect less semiconductor-on-insulator (-OI) by a cost-effective and low-temperature process is strongly needed for monolithic 3-D integration. Toward this, in this paper, we present a cost-effective fabrication of the indium gallium arsenide-OI structure featuring the direct wafer bonding (DWB) and epitaxial lift-off (ELO) techniques as well as the reuse of the indium phosphide donor wafer. We systematically investigated the effects of the prepatterning of the III–V layer before DWB and surface reforming (hydrophilic) to speed up the ELO process for a fast and high-throughput process, which is essential for cost reduction. This method provides an excellent crystal quality of In0.53Ga0.47As on Si. Crystal quality of the film was evaluated using Raman spectra, and transmission electron microscope. Finally, we achieved good electrical properties of In0.53Ga0.47As-OI metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors fabricated through the proposed DWB and ELO.

At present, due to some elevator cars (EC) has no air conditioning system, resulting in a hot internal environment in the EC in summer. Thermoelectric cooling technology is a lightweight, low cost and fast cooling technology, which has a potential of solving this problem. Thus, a thermoelectric elevator car air conditioner (TE-ECAC) is designed for these EC in this paper. Based on the actual application, the TE-ECAC's cooling characteristic and performance are experimentally investigated in an Enthalpy Lab, and its performance is optimized after the analysis. According to the results, it's found that a stable working state of the TE-ECAC can be achieved at about 200s. Moreover, an optimal cooling coefficient of 1.24 and a maximum air-cooling capacity of 324W are achieved under an operation condition at the cold side flow rate of 1.75 m3/min and the ambient temperature of 28 °C. In addition, since TE-ECAC has greater advantages in economy and weight than conventional elevator air conditioner, it's particularly suitable for EC. Especially suitable for some old EC with a broken air conditioner and must to be replaced with a new air conditioner. All in all, it's a good application prospects for TE-ECAC applying to EC. Keywords: Thermoelectric cooling, Cooling coefficient, Air-cooling capacity, Elevator car, Optimization

The mineral dealt with in this paper was sent for examination the Imperial Institute by Mr. J. B. Scrivener, Government Geologist to the Federated Malay States. It occurs on the river Sebantun, about half a mile above Salak North village, Kuala Kangsar district, Perak. The ground on which it was obtained was held on a tin-mining lease, but had to be abandoned owing to the presence of the unknown mineral, which rendered mining unprofitable.

International audience; This paper is devoted to the comparison of three two-fluid models in steam-water applications involving phase transition and shock waves. The three models are presented in a common formalism that helps to underline their shared properties. A numerical method based on previous work is extended to all models and to more complex Equations Of State. Particular attention is paid to the verification of every step of the method so that convergence studies can be carried out. Afterwards, models are compared with each other and with experimental data in two different cases of steam-water transients. The first one is Simpson water-hammer experiment and the second one is a rapid depressurization with flashing studied in Canon experiment.

The observation of the striking similarity both in chemical and mineral composition of the Baroti, Wittekrantz, and St. Michel meteorites (see the preceding paper) suggested the idea of testing how far such a close relationship applied to other cbondritic meteoric stones.The practical identity in chemical composition of different meteoric stones has been often pointed out. For example, A. E. Nordenskiöld showed in the case of the stones of Erxleben, Lixna, Blansko, Ohaba, Pillistfer, Dundrum, Hessle, Orvinio, and Stäilldalen that the percentage chemical compositions differed very slightly if the proportions of the metals, silicon, &c., were considered instead of the oxides.

The crystals to which this paper refers are found at Bail Hill, about three miles north of Sanquhar, in Dumfriesshire. At this locality volcanic rocks of Arenlg age outcrop in the midst of the greywacke of the Southern Uplands. The rocks are mainly lavas, and include some coarse-grained tufts which are composed chiefly of augite- and hornblendeandesites. Ill the andesitic fragments, there arc numerous porphyritic crystals of a black augite, which call be easily separated from the rest of the rock. Isolated crystals of augite and hornblende occur also in the matrix of the tufts. No mention of this occurrence is made in Heddle's 'Mineralogy of Scotland', and apparently the only reference to it in previous literature is the short petrographic description in the Geological Survey Memoir.

In the present paper the dispersion of the refractive indices of monoelinie felspars from four different localities is given, likewise that of the optic axial angle and of the optic axes in some of them.The method of investigation and instruments for these studies have been already mentioned in my previous paper. As the refractive indices and dispersion of the glass hemisphere of the total-reflectometer have not so far been given, I shall in the first place state the way in which they have been determined and their values and the degree of accuracy attainable, for the dispersion of the glass hemisphere differs to au appreciable degree from that of other instruments of the same kind.