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6,363 results on '"Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics"'

1. Constraints on quantum gravity and the photon mass from gamma ray bursts

Author

Harry Desmond, Jens Jasche, Pedro G. Ferreira, and Deaglan J. Bartlett

Subjects
Length scale, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Particle physics, Photon, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Lorentz covariance, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Quantum gravity, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Noise (radio), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Lorentz invariance violation in quantum gravity (QG) models or a nonzero photon mass, $m_\gamma$, would lead to an energy-dependent propagation speed for photons, such that photons of different energies from a distant source would arrive at different times, even if they were emitted simultaneously. By developing source-by-source, Monte Carlo-based forward models for such time delays from gamma ray bursts, and marginalising over empirical noise models describing other contributions to the time delay, we derive constraints on $m_\gamma$ and the QG length scale, $\ell_{\rm QG}$, using spectral lag data from the BATSE satellite. We find $m_\gamma < 4.0 \times 10^{-5} \, h \, {\rm eV}/c^2$ and $\ell_{\rm QG} < 5.3 \times 10^{-18} \, h \, {\rm \, GeV^{-1}}$ at 95% confidence, and demonstrate that these constraints are robust to the choice of noise model. The QG constraint is among the tightest from studies which consider multiple gamma ray bursts and the constraint on $m_\gamma$, although weaker than from using radio data, provides an independent constraint which is less sensitive to the effects of dispersion by electrons., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2023

2. Growth of linear perturbations in a universe with superfluid dark matter

Author

Sayantani Bera, David F. Mota, and Shreya Banerjee

Subjects
Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Dark matter, Linear regime, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Model parameters, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Universe, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Superfluidity, Theoretical physics, 0103 physical sciences, Linear growth, media_common, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Lambda-Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) model agrees with most of the cosmological observations, but has some hindrances from observed data at smaller scales such as galaxies. Recently, Berezhiani and Khoury (2015) proposed a new theory involving interacting superfluid dark matter with three model parameters, which explains galactic dynamics with great accuracy. In the present work, we study the cosmological behaviour of this model in the linear regime of cosmological perturbations. In particular, we compute both analytically and numerically the matter linear growth factor and obtain new bounds for the model parameters which are significantly stronger than previously found. These new constraints come from the fact that structures within the superfluid dark matter framework grow quicker than in LCDM, and quite rapidly when the DM-baryon interactions are strong., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures

Published
2023

3. Prospects of discovering subsolar primordial black holes using the stochastic gravitational wave background from third-generation detectors

Author

Suvodip Mukherjee, Matthew S P Meinema, Joseph Silk, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 10. No inequality, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are dark matter candidates that span broad mass ranges from $10^{-17}$ $M_\odot$ to $\sim 100$ $M_\odot$. We show that the stochastic gravitational wave background can be a powerful window for the detection of sub-solar mass PBHs and shed light on their formation channel via third-generation gravitational wave detectors such as Cosmic Explorer and the Einstein Telescope. By using the mass distribution of the compact objects and the redshift evolution of the merger rates, we can distinguish astrophysical sources from PBHs and will be able to constrain the fraction of sub-solar mass PBHs $\leq 1$ $M_\odot$ in the form of dark matter $f_{PBH}\leq 1\%$ at $68\%$ C.L. even for a pessimistic value of a binary suppression factor. In the absence of any suppression of the merger rate, constraints on $f_{PBH}$ will be less than $0.001\%$. Furthermore, we will be able to measure the redshift evolution of the PBH merger rate with about $1\%$ accuracy, making it possible to uniquely distinguish between the Poisson and clustered PBH scenarios., 8 pages, 4 figures. Matches the version accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2021

4. Clarifying transfer function approximations for the large-scale gravitational wave background in ΛCDM

Author

Jens Chluba, Thomas Kite, Andrea Ravenni, and Subodh P. Patil

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Cosmic microwave background, Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry), Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Universe, Gravitational wave background, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Theoretical physics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Moment (physics), Dark energy, Neutrino, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

The primordial gravitational wave background (GWB) offers an exciting future avenue of discovery for new physics. Its information content encodes multiple eras in the early Universe's history, corresponding to many orders of magnitude in frequency and physical scale to be measured today. By numerically solving for the GW transfer functions we provide simple yet accurate formulas describing the average power of the large-scale energy spectrum of the GWB for arbitrary primordial tensor power spectra. In doing so we can pedagogically explain and clarify previous GWB literature, highlight the important cosmological parameters of various GWB features, and reveal multiple ways in which cancelling conceptual errors can give deceptively accurate results. The scales considered here are particularly important for CMB probes of the GWB, via $B$-modes and spectral distortions. In particular, we carefully study the effects of both neutrino damping, and the precise nature of the transition between the radiation-dominated (RD) and matter-dominated (MD) eras. A byproduct of numerically solving the problem is the ability to study the robustness of common approximations in the literature. Specifically, we show that a numerical treatment is especially important around the RD--MD transition, and for a brief moment of history where neutrino damping occurs during MD. In passing we also discuss the effects of late acceleration caused by dark energy -- showing that this can be neglected in most practical GWB applications -- and the effects of changing relativistic degrees of freedom on the GWB at very small-scales., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, to be submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome

Published
2021

5. Constant-rate inflation: primordial black holes from conformal weight transitions

Author

Yi-Peng Wu, Kin-Wang Ng, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, inflaton: potential, Primordial black hole, QC770-798, power spectrum, 01 natural sciences, vacuum state, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), black hole: formation, De Sitter universe, correlation function, slow-roll approximation: violation, Mathematical physics, Physics, horizon: crossing, scaling: dimension, Hubble constant, Conformal field theory, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Space-Time Symmetries, critical phenomena, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, inflation: model, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, symmetry: de Sitter, non-Gaussianity, curvature: perturbation, black hole: primordial, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, background: de Sitter, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Critical phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Conformal map, dark matter, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, field theory: scalar: massless, invariance: scale, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, space-time: de Sitter, 010306 general physics, Inflation (cosmology), field theory: conformal, Conformal Field Theory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Inflaton, Symmetry (physics), boundary condition, symmetry: dilation, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Constant-rate inflation, including ultra-slow-roll as a special case, has been widely applied to the formation of primordial black holes with significant deviation from the standard slow-roll conditions at both the growing and decaying phases of the power spectrum. We derive analytic solutions for the curvature perturbations with respect to the late-time scaling dimensions (conformal weights) constrained by the dilatation symmetry of the de Sitter background and show that the continuity of conformal weights across different rolling phases is protected by the adiabatic condition of the inflaton perturbation. The temporal excitation of subleading states (with the next-to-lowest conformal weights), recorded as the "steepest growth" of the power spectrum, is triggered by the entropy production in the transition from slow-roll to constant-rate phases., Comment: 18 + 4 pages, 6 figures; v2: references added, provided entropy production as a criterion for the steepest growth; v3: minor corrections, version matched with publication

Published
2021

6. Standardizing reverberation-measured Mg II time-lag quasars, by using the radius–luminosity relation, and constraining cosmological model parameters

Author

Bharat Ratra, Mary Loli Martínez-Aldama, Michal Zajaček, Zhefu Yu, Narayan Khadka, and Bozena Czerny

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, QSOS, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Luminosity, symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Radius, Redshift, Baryon, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, symbols, Dark energy, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Hubble's law
Abstract

We use 78 reverberation-measured Mg II time-lag quasars (QSOs) in the redshift range $0.0033 \leq z \leq 1.89$ to constrain cosmological parameters in six different cosmological models. The basis of our method is the use of the radius-luminosity or $R-L$ relation to standardize these 78 Mg II QSOs. In each cosmological model we simultaneously determine $R-L$ relation and cosmological model parameters, thus avoiding the circularity problem. We find that the $R-L$ relation parameter values are independent of the cosmological model used in the analysis thus establishing that current Mg II QSOs are standardizable candles. Cosmological constraints obtained using these QSOs are significantly weaker than, but consistent with, those obtained from a joint analysis of baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) observations and Hubble parameter [$H(z)$] measurements. So, we also analyse these QSOs in conjunction with the BAO + $H(z)$ data and find cosmological constraints consistent with the standard spatially-flat $\Lambda$CDM model as well as with mild dark energy dynamics and a little spatial curvature. A larger sample of higher-quality reverberation-measured QSOs should have a smaller intrinsic dispersion and so should provide tighter constraints on cosmological parameters., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figure, Mg II QSO data are given, MNRAS accepted version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.12692

Published
2021

7. Gravitational-wave cosmology with extreme mass-ratio inspirals

Author

David Izquierdo-Villalba, Nicola Tamanini, Jonathan R. Gair, Alberto Sesana, Walter Del Pozzo, Stanislav Babak, D. Laghi, Laboratoire des deux Infinis de Toulouse (L2IT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laghi, D, Tamanini, N, Del Pozzo, W, Sesana, A, Gair, J, Babak, S, and Izquierdo-Villalba, D

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Gravitational-wave observatory, black hole physics, Population, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Cosmology, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, cosmological parameters, education, gravitational wave, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astronomy and Astrophysics, black hole physic, Galaxy, gravitational waves, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], symbols, Dark energy, cosmological parameter, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Hubble's law
Abstract

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will open the mHz frequency window of the gravitational wave (GW) landscape. Among all the new GW sources expected to emit in this frequency band, extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) constitute a unique laboratory for astrophysics and fundamental physics. Here we show that EMRIs can also be used to extract relevant cosmological information, complementary to both electromagnetic (EM) and other GW observations. By using the loudest EMRIs (SNR$>$100) detected by LISA as dark standard sirens, statistically matching their sky localisation region with mock galaxy catalogs, we find that constraints on $H_0$ can reach $\sim$1.1% ($\sim$3.6%) accuracy, at the 90% credible level, in our best (worst) case scenario. By considering a dynamical dark energy (DE) cosmological model, with $\Lambda$CDM parameters fixed by other observations, we further show that in our best (worst) case scenario $\sim$5.9% ($\sim$12.3%) relative uncertainties at the 90% credible level can be obtained on $w_0$, the DE equation of state parameter. Besides being relevant in their own right, EMRI measurements will be affected by different systematics compared to both EM and ground-based GW observations. Cross validation with complementary cosmological measurements will therefore be of paramount importance, especially if convincing evidence of physics beyond $\Lambda$CDM emerges from future observations., Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures. v2: new author in author list, new sub-Appendix with additional results, new Fig. A1; some explicative paragraphs added, Fig. 3 updated. Matches the journal version

Published
2021

8. SMILE

Author

M. Mastorakis, Konstantinos Tassis, Ian Browne, K. E. Dolapsaki, A. C. S. Readhead, P. N. Wilkinson, Carolina Casadio, Vincent Pelgrims, V. Diamantopoulos, G. Kalaitzidakis, K. Psarras, Talvikki Hovatta, Vasiliki Pavlidou, K. Gkimisi, H. K. Vedantham, J. A. Zensus, D. Blinov, Evangelia Ntormousi, K. Nikolaou, N. Mandarakas, and Astronomy

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), European VLBI Network, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Primordial black hole, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, dark matter, law.invention, Gravitation, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, law, quasars: general, 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Surface brightness, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Spectral index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, gravitational lensing: strong, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Lens (optics), Space and Planetary Science, techniques: interferometric, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Dark Matter (DM) halos with masses below $\sim10^{8}$ $M_{\odot}$, which would help to discriminate between DM models, may be detected through their gravitational effect on distant sources. The same applies to primordial black holes, considered as an alternative scenario to DM particle models. However, there is still no evidence for the existence of such objects. With the aim of finding compact objects in the mass range $\sim$ 10$^{6}$ -- 10$^{9}$$M_{\odot}$, we search for strong gravitational lenses on milli (mas)-arcseconds scales (< 150 mas). For our search, we used the Astrogeo VLBI FITS image database -- the largest publicly available database, containing multi-frequency VLBI data of 13828 individual sources. We used the citizen science approach to visually inspect all sources in all available frequencies in search for images with multiple compact components on mas-scales. At the final stage, sources were excluded based on the surface brightness preservation criterion. We obtained a sample of 40 sources that passed all steps and therefore are judged to be milli-arcsecond lens candidates. These sources are currently followed-up with on-going European VLBI Network (EVN) observations at 5 and 22 GHz. Based on spectral index measurements, we suggest that two of our candidates have a higher probability to be associated with gravitational lenses., 6 pages, 1 figure; accepted for publication

Published
2021

9. Construction of inflationary scenarios with the Gauss–Bonnet term and nonminimal coupling

Author

Ekaterina O. Pozdeeva and Sergey Yu. Vernov

Subjects
Computer Science::Machine Learning, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Generalization, Scalar (mathematics), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), QC770-798, Astrophysics, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Statistics::Machine Learning, Gauss–Bonnet theorem, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Mathematical physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Term (time), QB460-466, Coupling (physics), Amplitude, Computer Science::Mathematical Software, Mathematics::Differential Geometry, Scalar field, Scalar curvature, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Inflationary models with a scalar field nonminimally coupled both with the Ricci scalar and with the Gauss-Bonnet term are studied. We propose the way of generalization of inflationary scenarios with the Gauss-Bonnet term and a scalar field minimally coupled with the Ricci scalar to the corresponding scenarios with a scalar field nonminimally coupled with the Ricci scalar. Using the effective potential, we construct a set of models with the same values of the scalar spectral index $n_s$ and the amplitude of the scalar perturbations $A_s$ and different values of the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, v2: minor corrections, references are added, to appear in EPJC

Published
2021

10. Improved gravitational radiation time-scales II: Spin–orbit contributions and environmental perturbations

Author

Verónica Vázquez-Aceves, Pedro R. Capelo, Pau Amaro-Seoane, Elisa Bortolas, Lorenz Zwick, Lucio Mayer, University of Zurich, and Zwick, Lorenz

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 530 Physics, black hole physics, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Binary number, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, analytical [methods], 1912 Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Dynamical friction, 14. Life underwater, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spin-½, Physics, Supermassive black hole, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, gravitational waves, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 10231 Institute for Computational Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Phase space, Quantum electrodynamics, Orbit (dynamics), ddc:520, 3103 Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Peters' formula is an analytical estimate of the time-scale of gravitational wave (GW)-induced coalescence of binary systems. It is used in countless applications, where the convenience of a simple formula outweighs the need for precision. However, many promising sources of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), such as supermassive black hole binaries and extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), are expected to enter the LISA band with highly eccentric ($e \gtrsim$ 0.9) and highly relativistic orbits. These are exactly the two limits in which Peters' estimate performs the worst. In this work, we expand upon previous results and give simple analytical fits to quantify how the inspiral time-scale is affected by the relative 1.5 post-Newtonian (PN) hereditary fluxes and spin-orbit couplings. We discuss several cases that demand a more accurate GW time-scale. We show how this can have a major influence on quantities that are relevant for LISA event-rate estimates, such as the EMRI critical semi-major axis. We further discuss two types of environmental perturbations that can play a role in the inspiral phase: the gravitational interaction with a third massive body and the energy loss due to dynamical friction and torques from a surrounding gas medium ubiquitous in galactic nuclei. With the aid of PN corrections to the time-scale in vacuum, we find simple analytical expressions for the regions of phase space in which environmental perturbations are of comparable strength to the effects of any particular PN order, being able to qualitatively reproduce the results of much more sophisticated analyses., Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Comments welcome!

Published
2021

11. Singling out modified gravity parameters and data sets reveals a dichotomy between Planck and lensing

Author

Mustapha Ishak and Cristhian Garcia-Quintero

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General relativity, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Bayesian inference, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitation, Theoretical physics, symbols.namesake, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Dark energy, Planck, Einstein, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

An important route to testing General Relativity (GR) at cosmological scales is usually done by constraining modified gravity (MG) parameters added to the Einstein perturbed equations. Most studies have analyzed so far constraints on pairs of MG parameters, but here, we explore constraints on one parameter at a time while fixing the other at its GR value. This allows us to analyze various models while benefiting from a stronger constraining power from the data. We also explore which specific datasets are in tension with GR. We find that models with ($\mu=1$, $\eta$) and ($\mu$, $\eta=1$) exhibit a 3.9-$\sigma$ and 3.8-$\sigma$ departure from GR when using Planck18+SNe+BAO, while ($\mu$, $\eta$) shows a tension of 3.4-$\sigma$. We find no tension with GR for models with the MG parameter $\Sigma$ fixed to its GR value. Using a Bayesian model selection analysis, we find that some one-parameter MG models are moderately favored over $\Lambda$CDM when using all dataset combinations except Planck CMB Lensing and DES data. Namely, Planck18 shows a moderate tension with GR that only increases when adding any combination of RSD, SNe, or BAO. However, adding lensing diminishes or removes these tensions, which can be attributed to the ability of lensing in constraining the MG parameter $\Sigma$. The two overall groups of datasets are found to have a dichotomy when performing consistency tests with GR, which may be due to systematic effects, lack of constraining power, or modelling. These findings warrant further investigation using more precise data from ongoing and future surveys., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures. Matches the published version on 06/24/2021. A Python wrapper for the system ISiTGR is also released with this paper and available at https://github.com/mishakb/ISiTGR

Published
2021

12. Do supernovae indicate an accelerating universe?

Author

Subir Sarkar, Roya Mohayaee, Mohamed Rameez, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
cosmological model, quasar: redshift, Cosmic microwave background, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmological constant, Astrophysics, baryon: oscillation: acoustic, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), general relativity, Peculiar velocity, General Materials Science, dark energy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, supernova: Type I, Physics, Hubble constant, cosmological constant, redshift: high, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, kinematics, density: perturbation, flow, Robertson-Walker, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Computer Science::Mathematical Software, symbols, Baryon acoustic oscillations, expansion: acceleration, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, velocity, density: primordial, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, temperature: fluctuation, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, structure, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Universe, gravitation, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], anisotropy: dipole, Dark energy, Einstein, galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], cosmic background radiation: anisotropy, Hubble's law
Abstract

In the late 1990's, observations of 93 Type Ia supernovae were analysed in the framework of the FLRW cosmology assuming these to be `standard(isable) candles'. It was thus inferred that the Hubble expansion rate is accelerating as if driven by a positive Cosmological Constant $\Lambda$. This is still the only direct evidence for the `dark energy' that is the dominant component of the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model. Other data such as BAO, CMB anisotropies, stellar ages, the rate of structure growth, etc are all `concordant' with this model but do not provide independent evidence for accelerated expansion. Analysis of a larger sample of 740 SNe Ia shows that these are not quite standard candles, and highlights the "corrections" applied to analyse the data in the FLRW framework. The latter holds in the reference frame in which the CMB is isotropic, whereas observations are made in our heliocentric frame in which the CMB has a large dipole anisotropy. This is assumed to be of kinematic origin i.e. due to our non-Hubble motion driven by local inhomogeneity in the matter distribution. The $\Lambda$CDM model predicts how this peculiar velocity should fall off as the averaging scale is raised and the universe becomes sensibly homogeneous. However observations of the local `bulk flow' are inconsistent with this expectation and convergence to the CMB frame is not seen. Moreover the kinematic interpretation implies a corresponding dipole in the sky distribution of high redshift quasars, which is rejected by observations at 4.9$\sigma$. The acceleration of the Hubble expansion rate is also anisotropic at 3.9$\sigma$ and aligned with the bulk flow. Thus dark energy may be an artefact of analysing data assuming that we are idealised observers in an FLRW universe, when in fact the real universe is inhomogeneous and anisotropic out to distances large enough to impact on cosmological analyses., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables

Published
2021

13. Stringy-running-vacuum-model inflation: from primordial gravitational waves and stiff axion matter to dynamical dark energy

Author

Joan Solà Peracaula and Nick E. Mavromatos

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Cosmology, Physical cosmology, High Energy Physics::Theory, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, Axion, Gravitational anomaly, media_common, Inflation (cosmology), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Universe, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Dark energy, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

In previous works we have derived a Running Vacuum Model (RVM) for a string Universe, which provides an effective description of the evolution of 4-dimensional string-inspired cosmologies from inflation till the present epoch. In the context of this "stringy RVM" version, it is assumed that the early Universe is characterised by purely gravitational degrees of freedom, from the massless gravitational string multiplet, including the antisymmetric tensor field. The latter plays an important role, since its dual gives rise to a `stiff' gravitational-axion "matter", which in turn couples to the gravitational anomaly terms, assumed to be non-trivial at early epochs. In the presence of primordial gravitational wave (GW) perturbations, such anomalous couplings lead to an RVM-like dynamical inflation, without external inflatons. We review here this framework and discuss potential scenarios for the generation of such primordial GW, among which the formation of unstable domain walls, which eventually collapse in a non-spherical-symmetric manner, giving rise to GW. We also remark that the same type of "stiff" axionic matter could provide, upon the generation of appropriate potentials during the post-inflationary eras, (part of) the Dark Matter (DM) in the Universe, which could well be ultralight, depending on the parameters of the string-inspired model. All in all, the new (stringy) mechanism for RVM-inflation preserves the basic structure of the original (and more phenomenological) RVM, as well as its main advantages: namely, a mechanism for graceful exit and for generating a huge amount of entropy capable of explaining the horizon problem. It also predicts axionic DM and the existence of mild dynamical Dark Energy (DE) of quintessence type in the present universe, both being "living fossils" of the inflationary stages of the cosmic evolution., Comment: 75 pages revtex, 6 pdf figures incorporated

Published
2021

14. A force proportional to velocity squared derived from spacetime algebra

Author

Steen Honoré Hansen

Subjects
Physics, Angular momentum, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), theory [cosmology], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Generalization, Structure (category theory), FOS: Physical sciences, Inverse, Velocity dispersion, Astronomy and Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Cosmological constant, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Metric expansion of space, Classical mechanics, Space and Planetary Science, Spacetime algebra, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, acceleration of particles
Abstract

The underlying geometri of spacetime algebra allows one to derive a force by contracting the relativistic generalization of angular momentum, M, with the mass-current, mw, where w is a proper 4-vector velocity. By applying this force to a cosmological object, a repulsive inverse distance-square law is found, which is proportional to the velocity dispersion squared of that structure. It is speculated if this finding may be relevant to the recent suggestion, that such a force may accelerate the expanding universe with no need for a cosmological constant., Comment: 4 pages, no figure, submitted to MNRAS

Published
2021

15. Mass calibration of distant SPT galaxy clusters through expanded weak-lensing follow-up observations with HST, VLT, & Gemini-South

Author

A. Saro, Mischa Schirmer, Sebastian Bocquet, H Zohren, S F Raihan, J. P. Dietrich, Stefan Hilbert, Bradford Benson, Martin W. Sommer, D. Applegate, Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo, N Weissgerber, B. Hernandez-Martin, Michael McDonald, J. L. van den Busch, Antony A. Stark, B. Floyd, Henk Hoekstra, Tim Schrabback, Lindsey Bleem, Matthew B. Bayliss, Schrabback, T, Bocquet, S, Sommer, M, Zohren, H, van&nbsp, den&nbsp, Busch, J L, Hernández-Martín, B, Hoekstra, H, Raihan, S F, Schirmer, M, Applegate, D, Bayliss, M, Benson, B A, Bleem, L E, Dietrich, J P, Floyd, B, Hilbert, S, Hlavacek-Larrondo, J, Mcdonald, M, Saro, A, Stark, A A, and Weissgerber, N

Subjects
gravitational lensing: weak, galaxies: clusters: general, cosmology: observations, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - cosmology and nongalactic astrophysics, Astrophysics - astrophysics of galaxies, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Advanced Camera for Surveys, Cosmology, Photometry (optics), weak [gravitational lensing], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxie, Gravitational lensing: weak, 0103 physical sciences, clusters: general [galaxies], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysic, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing, Galaxy cluster, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmology: observations, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Redshift, South Pole Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Galaxies: clusters: general, General relativity and quantum cosmology, observation [cosmology]
Abstract

Expanding from previous work we present weak lensing measurements for a total sample of 30 distant ($z_\mathrm{median}=0.93$) massive galaxy clusters from the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) Survey, measuring galaxy shapes in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys images. We remove cluster members and preferentially select $z\gtrsim 1.4$ background galaxies via $V-I$ colour, employing deep photometry from VLT/FORS2 and Gemini-South/GMOS. We apply revised calibrations for the weak lensing shape measurements and the source redshift distribution to estimate the cluster masses. In combination with earlier Magellan/Megacam results for lower-redshifts clusters we infer refined constraints on the scaling relation between the SZ detection significance and the cluster mass, in particular regarding its redshift evolution. The mass scale inferred from the weak lensing data is lower by a factor $0.76^{+0.10}_{-0.14}$ (at our pivot redshift $z=0.6$) compared to what would be needed to reconcile a flat Planck $\nu\Lambda$CDM cosmology (in which the sum of the neutrino masses is a free parameter) with the observed SPT-SZ cluster counts. In order to sensitively test the level of (dis-)agreement between SPT clusters and Planck, further expanded weak lensing follow-up samples are needed., Comment: 32 pages, 20 figures, 12 tables, matches the version accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2021

16. The gravitino and the swampland

Author

Niccolò Cribiori, Dieter Lust, and Marco Scalisi

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), QC770-798, Swampland, String theory, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics::Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Flux compactifications, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, Supersymmetric Effective Theories, Effective field theory, 010306 general physics, Physics, Supersymmetry Breaking, Compactification (physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Supersymmetry, Supersymmetry breaking, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Quantum gravity, Gravitino, Supergravity Models, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We propose a new swampland conjecture stating that the limit of vanishing gravitino mass corresponds to the massless limit of an infinite tower of states and to the consequent breakdown of the effective field theory. We test our proposal in large classes of models coming from compactification of string theory to four dimensions, where we identify the Kaluza-Klein nature of the tower of states becoming light. We point out a general relation between the gravitino mass and abelian gauge coupling in models with extended supersymmetry, which can survive also in examples with minimal supersymmetry. This allows us to connect our conjecture to other well established swampland conjectures, such as the weak gravity conjecture or the absence of global symmetries in quantum gravity. We discuss phenomenological implications of our conjecture in (quasi-)de Sitter backgrounds and extract a lower bound for the gravitino mass in terms of the Hubble parameter., 43 pages including 2 appendices, 1 figure; v2: figure, minor clarifications, note and refs added; v3: minor typos fixed. JHEP version

Published
2021

17. Chemical-potential-assisted particle production in FRW spacetimes

Author

Chon Man Sou, Yi Wang, and Xi Tong

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), QC770-798, Borel summation, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitation, Theoretical physics, symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, Production (economics), 010306 general physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Beyond Standard Model, symbols, Particle, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyze gravitational particle production assisted by chemical potential. By utilizing the uniformly smoothed Stokes-line method and Borel summation, we gain insight into the fine-grained history of enhanced particle production. Analytic/semi-analytic formulae describing the production amount, time and width are obtained for both spin-1 and spin-1/2 particles in various FRW spacetimes. Our work also serves as a concrete demonstration of the uniformly smoothed Stokes-line method applied to cosmology., 48 pages, 27 figures; v2: 49 pages, 27 figures, with minor changes

Published
2021

18. Bridging the gap: spectral distortions meet gravitational waves

Author

Subodh P. Patil, Jens Chluba, Thomas Kite, and Andrea Ravenni

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Axion, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Decoupling (cosmology), Cosmic string, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Amplitude, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Gravitational waves (GWs) have the potential to probe the entirety of cosmological history due to their nearly perfect decoupling from the thermal bath and any intervening matter after emission. In recent years, GW cosmology has evolved from merely being an exciting prospect to an actively pursued avenue for discovery, and the early results are very promising. As we highlight in this paper, spectral distortions (SDs) of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) uniquely probe GWs over six decades in frequency, bridging the gap between astrophysical high- and cosmological low-frequency measurements. This means SDs will not only complement other GW observations, but will be the sole probe of physical processes at certain scales. To illustrate this point, we explore the constraining power of various proposed SD missions on a number of phenomenological scenarios: early-universe phase transitions (PTs), GW production via the dynamics of SU(2) and ultra-light U(1) axions, and cosmic string (CS) network collapse. We highlight how some regions of parameter space were already excluded with data from COBE/FIRAS, taken over two decades ago. To facilitate the implementation of SD constraints in arbitrary models we provide GW2SD. This tool calculates the window function, which easily maps a GW spectrum to a SD amplitude, thus opening another portal for GW cosmology with SDs, with wide reaching implications for particle physics phenomenology., 10 pages, 5 figures, published in MNRAS

Published
2021

19. Observing relativistic features in large-scale structure surveys – II. Doppler magnification in an ensemble of relativistic simulations

Author

Caroline Guandalin, Chris Clarkson, Louis Coates, Julian Adamek, Philip Bull, and University of Zurich

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 530 Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Horizon, POLARIZAÇÃO (ASTRONOMIA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Observable, Lambda-CDM model, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Cosmology, Gravitational potential, Theoretical physics, Space and Planetary Science, 10231 Institute for Computational Science, Light cone, 0103 physical sciences, Sample variance, Relativistic quantum chemistry, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The standard cosmological model is inherently relativistic, and yet a wide range of cosmological observations can be predicted accurately from essentially Newtonian theory. This is not the case on `ultra-large' distance scales, around the cosmic horizon size, however, where relativistic effects can no longer be neglected. In this paper, we present a novel suite of 53 fully relativistic simulations generated using the gevolution code, each covering the full sky out to $z \approx$ 0.85, and approximately 1930 square degrees out to $z \approx$ 3.55. These include a relativistic treatment of massive neutrinos, as well as the gravitational potential that can be used to exactly calculate observables on the past light cone. The simulations are divided into two sets, the first being a set of 39 simulations of the same fiducial cosmology (based on the Euclid Flagship 2 cosmology) with different realisations of the initial conditions, and the second which fixes the initial conditions, but varies each of seven cosmological parameters in turn. Taken together, these simulations allow us to perform statistical studies and calculate derivatives of any relativistic observable with respect to cosmological parameters. As an example application, we compute the cross-correlation between the Doppler magnification term in the convergence, $\kappa_v$, and the CDM+baryon density contrast, $\delta_{\rm cb}$, which arises only in a (special) relativistic treatment. We are able to accurately recover this term as predicted by relativistic perturbation theory, and study its sample variance and derivatives with respect to cosmological parameters., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, corresponds to published version

Published
2021

20. Using Pantheon and DES supernova, baryon acoustic oscillation, and Hubble parameter data to constrain the Hubble constant, dark energy dynamics, and spatial curvature

Author

Joseph V. Ryan, Bharat Ratra, and Shulei Cao

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Cosmological constant, Type (model theory), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Apparent magnitude, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Baryon, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Supernova, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Dark energy, symbols, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Hubble's law
Abstract

We use Pantheon Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) apparent magnitude, DES-3yr binned SN Ia apparent magnitude, Hubble parameter, and baryon acoustic oscillation measurements to constrain six spatially flat and non-flat cosmological models. These sets of data provide mutually consistent cosmological constraints in the six cosmological models we study. A joint analysis of these data sets provides model-independent estimates of the Hubble constant, $H_0=68.8\pm1.8\ \rm{km \ s^{-1} \ Mpc^{-1}}$, and the non-relativistic matter density parameter, $\Omega_{\rm m_0}=0.294\pm0.020$. Although the joint constraints prefer mild dark energy dynamics and a little spatial curvature, they do not rule out dark energy being a cosmological constant and flat spatial hypersurfaces. We also add quasar angular size and H II starburst galaxy measurements to the combined data set and find more restrictive constraints., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, autours.xml file added. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2009.12953 MNRAS accepted version

Published
2021

21. Gravitational waves from a holographic phase transition

Author

Fëanor Reuben Ares, Mark Hindmarsh, Carlos Hoyos, Niko Jokela, Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, and Department of Physics

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase transition, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), QC770-798, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, 114 Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gauge-gravity correspondence, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Speed of sound, Barotropic fluid, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Observable, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, Hidden sector, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Quantum electrodynamics, Scalar field, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We investigate first order phase transitions in a holographic setting of five-dimensional Einstein gravity coupled to a scalar field, constructing phase diagrams of the dual field theory at finite temperature. We scan over the two-dimensional parameter space of a simple bottom-up model and map out important quantities for the phase transition: the region where first order phase transitions take place; the latent heat, the transition strength parameter $\alpha$, and the stiffness. We find that $\alpha$ is generically in the range 0.1 to 0.3, and is strongly correlated with the stiffness (the square of the sound speed in a barotropic fluid). Using the LISA Cosmology Working Group gravitational wave power spectrum model corrected for kinetic energy suppression at large $\alpha$ and non-conformal stiffness, we outline the observational prospects at the future space-based detectors LISA and TianQin. A TeV-scale hidden sector with a phase transition described by the model could be observable at both detectors., Comment: 36 pages, 17 figures

Published
2021

22. Observational manifestations of ‘cosmological dinosaurs’ at redshifts z ∼ 20

Author

Yu. N. Eroshenko, S. I. Grachev, and V. K. Dubrovich

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Dark matter, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Primordial black hole, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Radius, 01 natural sciences, Universe, Redshift, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Hydrogen line, Halo, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

We consider a primordial black hole of very high mass, $10^9-10^{10}M_\odot$, surrounded by dark matter and barionic halo at redshifts $z\sim20$ without any local sources of energy release. Such heavy and concentrated objects in the early universe were previously called ``cosmological dinosaurs''. Spectral distribution and spatial variation of the brightness in the 21 cm line of atomic hydrogen are calculated with the theory of radiation transfer. It is shown that a narrow and deep absorption arises in the form of the spherical shell around the primordial black hole at the certain radius. The parameters of this shell depend almost exclusively on the mass of the black hole. The hardware and methodological aspects of the search for such objects are discussed., 9 pages, 10 figures

Published
2021

23. Particle production from oscillating scalar field and consistency of Boltzmann equation

Author

Takeo Moroi and Wen Yin

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Scalar (mathematics), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, Resonance (particle physics), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Cosmology, Metric expansion of space, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Quantum field theory, 010306 general physics, Mathematical physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, Boltzmann equation, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Distribution function, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Beyond Standard Model, lcsh:QC770-798, Scalar field, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Boltzmann equation plays important roles in particle cosmology in studying the evolution of distribution functions (also called as occupation numbers) of various particles. For the case of the decay of a scalar condensation $\phi$ into a pair of scalar particles (called $\chi$), we point out that the system may not be well described by the Boltzmann equation when the occupation number of $\chi$ becomes large even in the so-called narrow resonance regime. We study the particle production including the possible enhancement due to a large occupation number of the final state particle, known as the stimulated emission or the parametric resonance. Based on the quantum field theory (QFT), we derive a set of equations which directly govern the evolution of the distribution function of $\chi$. Comparing the results of the QFT calculation and those from the Boltzmann equation, we find non-agreements in some cases. In particular, in the expanding Universe, the occupation number of $\chi$ based on the QFT may differ by many orders of magnitude from that from the Boltzmann equation. We also discuss a possible relation between the evolution equations based on the QFT and the Boltzmann equation., Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, version to appear in JHEP

Published
2021

24. Progress in Higgs inflation

Author

Dhong Yeon Cheong, S. Lee, and Seong Chan Park

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Inflation, Particle physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Primordial black hole, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, media_common, 010302 applied physics, Physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Term (time), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Higgs boson, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 0210 nano-technology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We review the recent progress in Higgs inflation focusing on Higgs-$R^2$ inflation, primordial black hole production and the $R^3$ term., 9 pages, 4 figures, version published in JKPS. An invited review for the Korean Physical Society

Published
2021

25. CARPool: fast, accurate computation of large-scale structure statistics by pairing costly and cheap cosmological simulations

Author

Yashar Akrami, Nicolas Chartier, Benjamin D. Wandelt, Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro, Astrophysique, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, software: simulations, Probability density function, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Approx, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Carpool, 0103 physical sciences, Statistics, Sample variance, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, methods: statistical, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Matter power spectrum, Astronomy and Astrophysics, cosmology: large-scale structure of Universe, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Errors-in-variables models, Variance reduction, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Bispectrum, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

To exploit the power of next-generation large-scale structure surveys, ensembles of numerical simulations are necessary to give accurate theoretical predictions of the statistics of observables. High-fidelity simulations come at a towering computational cost. Therefore, approximate but fast simulations, surrogates, are widely used to gain speed at the price of introducing model error. We propose a general method that exploits the correlation between simulations and surrogates to compute fast, reduced-variance statistics of large-scale structure observables without model error at the cost of only a few simulations. We call this approach Convergence Acceleration by Regression and Pooling (CARPool). In numerical experiments with intentionally minimal tuning, we apply CARPool to a handful of GADGET-III $N$-body simulations paired with surrogates computed using COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (COLA). We find $\sim 100$-fold variance reduction even in the non-linear regime, up to $k_\mathrm{max} \approx 1.2$ $h {\rm Mpc^{-1}}$ for the matter power spectrum. CARPool realises similar improvements for the matter bispectrum. In the nearly linear regime CARPool attains far larger sample variance reductions. By comparing to the 15,000 simulations from the Quijote suite, we verify that the CARPool estimates are unbiased, as guaranteed by construction, even though the surrogate misses the simulation truth by up to $60\%$ at high $k$. Furthermore, even with a fully configuration-space statistic like the non-linear matter density probability density function, CARPool achieves unbiased variance reduction factors of up to $\sim 10$, without any further tuning. Conversely, CARPool can be used to remove model error from ensembles of fast surrogates by combining them with a few high-accuracy simulations., Comment: 18 pages, 18 figures. v2: Improved and published version; references and discussions added, typos fixed, slight visual modifications of some figures

Published
2021

26. Axion monodromy inflation, trapping mechanisms and the swampland

Author

Robert Brandenberger, Lavinia Heisenberg, and Weijie Jin

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Field (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Regular Article – Theoretical Physics, Moduli, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Axion, Physics, Inflation (cosmology), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Inflaton, Graceful exit, Symmetry (physics), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Monodromy, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), lcsh:QC770-798, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We study the effects of particle production on the evolution of the inflaton field in an axion monodromy model with the goal of discovering in which situations the resulting dynamics will be consistent with the swampland constraints. In the presence of a modulated potential the evolving background field (solution of the inflaton homogeneous in space) induces the production of long wavelength inflaton fluctuation modes. However, this either has a negligible effect on the inflaton dynamics (if the field spacing between local minima of the modulated potential is large), or else it traps the inflaton in a local minimum and leads to a graceful exit problem. On the other hand, the production of moduli fields at enhanced symmetry points can lead to a realization of trapped inflation consistent with the swampland constraints, as long as the coupling between the inflaton and the moduli fields is sufficiently large., The European Physical Journal C, 81 (2), ISSN:1434-6044, ISSN:1434-6052

Published
2021

27. Unavoidable shear from quantum fluctuations in contracting cosmologies

Author

Vincent Vennin, Julien Grain, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, cosmological model, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Planck mass, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), field theory, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, fluctuation: quantum, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, energy: density, physics of the early universe, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, inflation, 010306 general physics, inflation: stochastic, Engineering (miscellaneous), Scale factor (cosmology), Quantum fluctuation, equation of state, Physics, Inflation (cosmology), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Equation of state (cosmology), [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Space time, scale: Planck, stability, back reaction, boundary condition, quantum field theory on curved space, field theory: scalar, Classical mechanics, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), space-time, bounce, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], lcsh:QC770-798, Back-reaction, Scalar field, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Contracting cosmologies are known to be flawed with a shear instability, where the contribution from the anisotropic stress to the overall energy density grows as $a^{-6}$, with $a$ the scale factor. Classically, whether or not this contribution becomes important before the bounce depends on its initial value, which can always be sufficiently fine tuned to make it irrelevant. However, vacuum quantum fluctuations inevitably provide a non-vanishing source of anisotropic stress. In this work, we compute the minimum amount of shear that is obtained if one assumes that it vanishes initially, but lets quantum fluctuations build it up. In practice, we consider a massless test scalar field, and describe its quantum fluctuations by means of the stochastic "inflation" (though here applied to a contracting phase) formalism. We find that, if the equation-of-state parameter of the contraction satisfies $w>-1/9$, regardless of when the contracting phase is initiated, the time at which the shear becomes sizeable is always when the Hubble scale approaches the Planck mass (which is also where the bounce is expected to take place). However, if $w, Comment: matches the published version in EPJC

Published
2021

28. A combined analysis of the H0 late time direct measurements and the impact on the Dark Energy sector

Author

Eleonora Di Valentino

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics beyond the Standard Model, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Cosmological constant, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Surface brightness, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Equation of state (cosmology), Attenuation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Space and Planetary Science, symbols, Dark energy, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Hubble's law
Abstract

We combine 23 Hubble constant measurements based on Cepheids-SN Ia, TRGB-SN Ia, Miras-SN Ia, Masers, Tully Fisher, Surface Brightness Fluctuations, SN II, Time-delay Lensing, Standard Sirens and $\gamma$-ray Attenuation, obtaining our best {\it optimistic} $H_0$ estimate, that is $H_0=72.94\pm0.75$ km/s/Mpc at 68\% CL. This is in $5.9\sigma$ tension with the $\Lambda$CDM model, therefore we evaluate its impact on the extended Dark Energy cosmological models that can alleviate the tension. We find more than $4.9\sigma$ evidence for a phantom Dark Energy equation of state in the $w$CDM scenario, the cosmological constant ruled out at more than $3\sigma$ in a $w_0w_a$CDM model and more than $5.7\sigma$ evidence for a coupling between Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the IDE scenario. Finally, we check the robustness of our results, and we quote two additional combinations of the Hubble constant. The {\it ultra-conservative} estimate, $H_0=72.7\pm 1.1$ km/s/Mpc at 68\% CL, is obtained removing the Cepheids-SN Ia and the Time-Delay Lensing based measurements, and confirms the evidence for new physics., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, Version accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2021

29. Testing the general theory of relativity using gravitational wave propagation from dark standard sirens

Author

Suvodip Mukherjee, Joseph Silk, Benjamin D. Wandelt, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lagrange de Paris, and Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), redshift: dependence, gravitation: model, General relativity, FOS: Physical sciences, detector: network, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, baryon: oscillation: acoustic, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, electromagnetic field: production, Einstein Telescope, statistical analysis, gravitational radiation: propagation, numerical methods, 0103 physical sciences, general relativity, KAGRA, LIGO, numerical calculations, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Luminosity distance, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, LISA, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Redshift, Baryon, VIRGO, gravitational waves, Space and Planetary Science, gravitational radiation: emission, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], large-scale structure of Universe, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Alternative theories of gravity predict modifications in the propagation of gravitational waves (GW) through space-time. One of the smoking-gun predictions of such theories is the change in the GW luminosity distance to GW sources as a function of redshift relative to the electromagnetic (EM) luminosity distance expected from EM probes. We propose a multi-messenger test of the theory of general relativity from the propagation of gravitational waves by combining EM and GW observations to resolve these issues from GW sources without EM counterparts (which are also referred to as dark standard sirens). By using the relation between the geometric distances accessible from baryon acoustic oscillation measurements, and luminosity distance measurements from the GW sources, we can measure any deviation from the general theory of relativity via the GW sources of unknown redshift that will be detectable by networks of GW detectors such as LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA. Using this technique, the fiducial value of the frictional term can be measured to a precision $\Xi_0=0.98^{+0.04}_{-0.23}$ after marginalizing over redshift dependence, cosmological parameters, and GW bias parameters with $\sim 3500$ dark standard sirens of masses $30\,\rm M_\odot$ each distributed up to redshift $z=0.5$. For a fixed redshift dependence, a value of $\Xi_0=0.99^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$ can be measured with a similar number of dark sirens. Application of our methodology to the far more numerous dark standard sirens detectable with next generation GW detectors, such as LISA, Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, will allow achievement of higher accuracy than possible from use of bright standard sirens., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2021

30. Interacting dark energy in a closed universe

Author

Weiqiang Yang, Alessandro Melchiorri, Supriya Pan, Olga Mena, and Eleonora Di Valentino

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Luminosity, symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Vacuum energy, 0103 physical sciences, Planck, Flatness (cosmology), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Universe, Redshift, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Space and Planetary Science, symbols, Dark energy, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Recent measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Anisotropies power spectra measured by the Planck satellite show a preference for a closed universe at more than $99 \%$ Confidence Level. Such a scenario is however in disagreement with several low redshift observables, including luminosity distances of Type Ia Supernovae. Here we show that Interacting Dark Energy (IDE) models can ease the discrepancies between Planck and Supernovae Ia data in a closed Universe. Therefore IDE cosmologies remain as very appealing scenarios, as they can provide the solution to a number of observational tensions in different fiducial cosmologies. The results presented here strongly favour broader analyses of cosmological data, and suggest that relaxing the usual flatness and vacuum energy assumptions can lead to a much better agreement among theory and observations., 5 pages, 2 figures, Version accepted for publication in MNRAS letters

Published
2021

31. A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo

Author

G. Pagliaroli, Kevin Barkett, Denis Martynov, Marco Bazzan, C. Ingram, L. Pinard, Nicolas Sanchis-Gual, I. Belahcene, A. K. Y. Li, Archana Pai, F. Paoletti, P. Ruggi, G. Vajente, S. M. Gaebel, C. Kr mer, K. W. Chung, I. Dorrington, I. Di Palma, A. Mullavey, T. J. N. Nelson, Filip Morawski, Xiaohui Fan, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, B. D. Lackey, G. Eddolls, A. Cumming, P. Grassia, Kipp Cannon, F. Di Renzo, M. Steinke, Francesco Pannarale, Soichiro Morisaki, D. Ugolini, P. Clearwater, M. Haney, T. A. Callister, Zhihui Du, G. Ciani, Alessandro Bertolini, Olivier Minazzoli, M. Razzano, Mairi Sakellariadou, G. Pillant, S. H. R. Yuen, O. de Varona, A. L. Stuver, R. De Rosa, I. Nardecchia, M. Kasprzack, J. Baird, Frances Hellman, M. B. Shaner, Manel Molina-Ruiz, S. B. Coughlin, Jessica Steinlechner, A. Neunzert, M. Heurs, Reed Essick, S. Kandhasamy, B. Sorazu, A. Kutynia, Andrea Chincarini, T. Z. Summerscales, Tenglin Li, Robert J. McCarthy, Linqing Wen, D. Meacher, Leo Tsukada, E. Z. Hamilton, A. Parida, S. S. Eikenberry, E. Genin, D. Estevez, W. Katzman, B. Grace, S. M. Aronson, M. Llorens-Monteagudo, M. Nery, Ryan Lynch, Ettore Majorana, D. M. Wilken, A. Rocchi, B. Goncharov, R. Birney, P. Ehrens, Paul M. Ricker, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, M. Lormand, William Parker, D. J. Stops, J. S. H. Lee, Felix Wellmann, Shreya Anand, D. Huet, S. H. Huttner, Z. Tornasi, Andrew Melatos, M. Lorenzini, M. Bitossi, J.-G. Ducoin, J. Neilson, G. Bergmann, K. Wette, John J. Oh, Timothy Evans, M. G. Benjamin, E. Payne, Rory Smith, C. Adams, R. M. Blair, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, Z. Yang, D. M. Shoemaker, Michelle E. Walker, J. Eichholz, G. Moreno, H. Inchauspe, J. Liu, A. Pasqualetti, M. Tse, D. M. Macleod, B. L. Swinkels, J. Warner, R. Passaquieti, C. Rajan, O. Durante, N. Krupinski, F. Martelli, Karan Jani, Jade Powell, V. Mangano, H. K. Gulati, David H. Reitze, Rahul Kashyap, C. McIsaac, Nergis Mavalvala, A. K. Lenon, S. Mastrogiovanni, P. A. Altin, Piotr Jaranowski, Florent Robinet, J. Zhang, F. Baldaccini, L. F. Ortega, Jerome Degallaix, R. C. Walet, V. P. Mitrofanov, Rosa Poggiani, V. Frey, T. Sadecki, V. Tiwari, Yann Bouffanais, A. C. Green, C. Casentini, R. Shink, E. Goetz, F. Magaña-Sandoval, J. McIver, Sebastian Khan, B. C. Barish, J. H. Briggs, Mark Hannam, L. Rei, Gijs Nelemans, Tanja Hinderer, Alejandro Torres-Forné, A. K. Zadrożny, P.H. Nguyen, V. Boschi, E. J. Son, M. van Beuzekom, S. Grunewald, R. Prasanna, A. Ain, Shubhanshu Tiwari, G. A. Prodi, R. DeSalvo, V. Kondrashov, F. Frasconi, A. K. Mehta, E. D. Hall, S. Farinon, E. Mejuto Villa, D. Barker, A. Samajdar, Jolien D. E. Creighton, A. Pele, D. Singh, Arunava Mukherjee, Fausto Acernese, J. C. Barayoga, B. F. Neil, R. Flaminio, Richard J. Abbott, D. W. Yeeles, Hartmut Grote, D. C. Vander-Hyde, P. Puppo, W. Del Pozzo, Y. Minenkov, P. Bacon, P. F. Cohadon, H. Heitmann, A. Strunk, N. Kijbunchoo, Piero Rettegno, K. A. Santiago, P. J. Sutton, M. Cieślar, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, P. Raffai, J. C. Bayley, H. Wittel, M. Deenadayalan, G. H. Ogin, T. J. Shaffer, Marcus E. Lower, L. Glover, G. Losurdo, S. Biscoveanu, O. V. Palashov, Sean T. McWilliams, F. Piergiovanni, Chang-Hwan Lee, D. E. Cohen, M. Agathos, J. H. Romie, S. Sitmukhambetov, G. Kuehn, K. Merfeld, M. Ar ne, M. Phelps, Archisman Ghosh, R. G. Ormiston, Andrew Matas, A. Chiummo, K. Holt, M. Mantovani, E. A. Huerta, A. Ramos-Buades, S. L. Danilishin, Tristan Briant, R. K. Lanza, P. Dupej, Sheelu Abraham, Eric B. Flynn, J. Betzwieser, Antoine Heidmann, J. Hanks, A. Sur, H. Overmier, R. Goetz, Tarun Souradeep, J. P. Zendri, L. Sun, C. De Rossi, D. Buskulic, Odylio D. Aguiar, James Healy, P. Brockill, Luca Gammaitoni, R. Fittipaldi, C. Horst, Alberto Vecchio, F. Cipriano, Michael Thomas, R. Tenorio, N. A. Holland, D. Sellers, P. Popolizio, Koji Arai, F. J. Raab, Devon S. Johnson, N. Mukund, L. R. Cominsky, Neil J. Cornish, Colm Talbot, Andreas Freise, M. Davier, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, O. Halim, S. Koley, M. Brinkmann, C. Affeldt, S. Appert, Y. Setyawati, E. J. Sanchez, Nicholas Demos, J. D. Lough, D. Pascucci, H. S. Chen, L. E. H. Datrier, M. Bawaj, R. L. Savage, A. S. Bell, M. Laxen, Anchal Gupta, J. Meidam, M. Gosselin, Riccardo Sturani, M. K. M. Bader, O. Chaibi, Wolfango Plastino, R. Taylor, C. L. Romel, Giovanni Carapella, P. Shawhan, I. Ferrante, Soma Mukherjee, Charalampos Markakis, G. Mo, J. K. Blackburn, C. J. Richardson, F. L. Linde, E. Chassande-Mottin, Sylvain Marsat, Sheila Rowan, B. Gateley, Howard Pan, Aaron Buikema, R. Kirchhoff, B. L. Pearlstone, V. Fafone, Paul D. Lasky, R. K. Hasskew, Jordan Camp, D. Tao, M. Muratore, M. C. Heintze, D. Sentenac, F. Carbognani, Patrick Brady, P. Fulda, J. M. Fishner, Will M. Farr, M. Montani, Nancy Aggarwal, R. Gustafson, A. Grimaldi, J. W. Westhouse, Matthew Pitkin, F. Lin, Tania Regimbau, Serena Vinciguerra, F. Garufi, Chandra Kant Mishra, Joseph D. Romano, R. Bhandare, R. Pedurand, Benno Willke, C. C. Wipf, V. Pierro, M. J. Cowart, I. Dave, Lee McCuller, O. J. Piccinni, Takuya Tsutsui, T. D. Abbott, Zoheyr Doctor, M. Fletcher, B. Hughey, K. W. Tsang, P. J. Veitch, M. Rakhmanov, Surendra Nadh Somala, Gregorio Carullo, R. Xu, C. Buy, M. Oliver, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, T. J. Hansen, N. Bode, Christopher P. L. Berry, T. Harder, Rico K. L. Lo, P. Charlton, Kejia Lee, Patrick Das Gupta, S. E. Barclay, J. L. Willis, M. Eisenmann, Ofek Birnholtz, John A. Clark, Ben Farr, W. S. Kim, Christophe Collette, L. Kuo, H. Yamamoto, J. C. Driggers, A. Schönbeck, B. Rajbhandari, Daniel Wysocki, J. Prasad, A. J. Pedersen, S. B. Anderson, Tim Dietrich, M. Pürrer, S. Kwang, Frank Ohme, Vicky Kalogera, K. Rose, M. Tonelli, E. Katsavounidis, Xiuling Li, R. Gray, Patrick Godwin, M. C. Araya, Srishti Tiwari, S. Frasca, Jonathan Richardson, Tyson Littenberg, Kai Staats, L. Conti, M. Chaturvedi, Yu Huang, Geert Raaijmakers, F. Y. Khalili, R. P. Fisher, A. Allocca, D. I. Jones, Guoying Zhao, Kendall Ackley, R. K. Nayak, S. Raja, H. Y. Chia, Sascha Husa, S. E. Strigin, S. Mitra, M. Granata, H. J. Bulten, Minchuan Zhou, Shao-Jiang Wang, T. D. Creighton, S. E. Gossan, Dániel Barta, G. Venugopalan, Karl Gill, V. Srivastava, M. Fays, S. Barnum, S. C. Tait, K. Shukla, Zifan Zhou, I. A. Bilenko, L. Haegel, D.B. DeBra, David J. Ottaway, C. J. Perez, Matthew Evans, B. D. O'Brien, Marek Szczepanczyk, C. Bradaschia, M. Standke, Deep Jariwala, C. Cahillane, Otto A. Hannuksela, C. Gray, H. Estelles, W. A. Campbell, H. Radkins, A. Bozzi, N. N. Janthalur, L. Wallace, A. Królak, R. Frey, E. A. Muñiz, B. Sassolas, S. Brunett, Monica Colpi, Albino Perego, A. Bisht, M. Boer, J. B. Kanner, Andrew Lundgren, S. Xiao, J. V. Vanheijningen, D. Fiorucci, Zachariah B. Etienne, D. Moraru, E. Floden, Jennifer Watchi, A. K. Prajapati, Gianpietro Cagnoli, A. R. Wade, A. Di Lieto, S. J. Chamberlin, M. Vasúth, C. M. Mow-Lowry, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, Jonathan Cripe, V. Bossilkov, A. Paoli, Ik Siong Heng, A. Rüdiger, R. Inta, Steven Bloemen, Jonathan R. Gair, S. Klimenko, Eric Howell, E. Cesarini, S. Márka, N. Sennett, Stephen Fairhurst, Carl Blair, V. Fiumara, M. F. Carney, C. Lazzaro, Patricia Schmidt, Ajay Kumar, Y. K. Lecoeuche, M. J. Yap, C. Whittle, Bala R. Iyer, Stefan Grimm, D. B. Tanner, Kevin M. Ryan, S. McCormick, C. Difronzo, G. M. Harry, C. Palomba, S. Ascenzi, A. L. Miller, K. Venkateswara, L. Aiello, R. Green, Giuseppe Intini, Kenneth A. Strain, Jimin George, M. Sieniawska, Gregory Ashton, K. Chakravarti, G. Valdes, Ken K. Y. Ng, E. E. Cowan, B. D'Angelo, Hongyu Shen, D. C. Coyne, T. Dal Canton, J. Casanueva Diaz, P. Couvares, H. Fong, G. Greco, J. Zweizig, M. S. Shahriar, M. Korobko, J. Brooks, K. Siellez, Shiuh Chao, C. Périgois, P. Astone, Carlos O. Lousto, T. Hardwick, D. Steinmeyer, David Coward, A. Miani, R. Cotesta, Rakesh Kumar, F. Travasso, Yuri Levin, T. P. Downes, Gor Oganesyan, A. F. Brooks, P. J. Quinonez, Fabio Marchesoni, P. Hello, J. Gniesmer, Kyungmin Kim, Debarati Chatterjee, A. Trovato, B. O'Reilly, P. Gruning, Sheon Chua, R. Bonnand, C. North, Mariana Fazio, F. Vetrano, Samuele Cortese, Thomas Dent, P. Corban, S. J. Cooper, S. Leavey, Hai-Ping Cheng, A. Iess, M. Pedraza, M. Chan, Francesco Chiadini, Michał Bejger, Charlie Hoy, P. Schale, J. Jiang, J. Hennig, J. Junker, C. Van Den Broeck, E. Sowell, V. Gayathri, V. Hui, S. Walsh, Miriam Cabero, Alexander C. Jenkins, A. Markowitz, Robert Stone, M. Was, M. M. Hanke, G. Cho, James Whelan, P. Ajith, P. Booker, A. Perreca, G. Gemme, M. Drago, M. Di Giovanni, A. Malik, S. Gaudio, G. Dálya, T. Prestegard, J. Scott, L. K. Nuttall, A. W. Jones, Alessandro Nagar, R. De Pietri, Rocco Romano, M. Kinley-Hanlon, Lindsay DeMarchi, K. A. Thorne, E. L. Merilh, S. E. Dwyer, David Keitel, L. Matone, Mandar Patil, Guenakh Mitselmakher, B. A. Boom, A. M. Sergeev, Karsten Danzmann, A. R. Williamson, H. Vocca, Mario Spera, Peter Aufmuth, Andrea H. Tapia, Hua Wang, F. Cavalier, A. Bals, Yang Yang, S. G. Crowder, J. Bosveld, N. Koper, S. Kaufer, C. I. Torrie, Jan Harms, A. S. Sengupta, Xing-Jiang Zhu, Rana X. Adhikari, R. A. Mercer, S. Ossokine, Jinsook Kim, Om Sharan Salafia, C. K. Cheong, A. Lartaux-Vollard, M. Punturo, Leopoldo Milano, Slawomir Gras, L. Sammut, F. Muciaccia, Anupam Sharma, Lionel London, Moritz Mehmet, S. W. S. Ng, Suvadeep Bose, R. Gouaty, Debnandini Mukherjee, B. Idzkowski, V. Loriette, V. Skliris, R. Macas, G. Billingsley, S. Macfoy, Rainer Weiss, Alessandra Buonanno, R. Metzdorff, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, R. A. Eisenstein, Hee-Suk Cho, Gabrielle Allen, J.-M. Isac, B. Irwin, F. Donovan, S. Doravari, F. Ricci, W. Z. Korth, R. Kennedy, G. Fronz, F. Aubin, G. Stratta, László Á. Gergely, A. Macquet, Jishnu Suresh, G. D. Meadors, P. G. Murray, A. K. Divakarla, S. J. Kapadia, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, Z. Márka, Daichi Tsuna, Geoffrey Lovelace, M. Merzougui, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Haocun Yu, E. Biggs, L. Zhang, T. Zelenova, Riccardo Bassiri, Sebastian Steinlechner, C. A. Rose, X. Liu, Torrey Cullen, Magnus Manske, Bernard F. Whiting, Jesper Munch, Fabien Kéfélian, J. H. Hough, P. W. F. Forsyth, S. R. Thondapu, Chris A. Collins, Achamveedu Gopakumar, M. De Laurentis, M. Bischi, M. C. Milovich-Goff, J. L. Wright, J. R. Palamos, P. T. Baker, Carl-Johan Haster, Alessandra Corsi, D. Laghi, S. D'Antonio, E. Maros, P. B. Covas, L. Rolland, N. Letendre, B. D. Cheeseboro, B. Lantz, David Blair, P. J. Easter, K. Mogushi, Michele Zanolin, I. Magaña Hernandez, T. J. Massinger, Kiran Prasai, M. Khursheed, L. Naticchioni, D. Töyr, G. Vedovato, D. B. Kozak, F. Brighenti, Aniello Grado, D. Stocks, C. Vorvick, T. Vo, E. J. Daw, Salvatore Vitale, P. J. King, G. D. Hammond, K. H. Lai, Aaron Viets, Javed Rana, Abhirup Ghosh, G. Kang, A. L. Urban, Maurizio Canepa, J. Feicht, Satya Mohapatra, Antonio Marquina, L. Errico, T. A. Ferreira, K. D. Giardina, E. M. Santos, Nikhil Sarin, Martin Obergaulinger, M. Mondin, F. Marion, T. Huynh-Dinh, P. Weßels, Joey Shapiro Key, J. R. Sanders, C. F. Da Silva Costa, J. K. Wofford, Vuk Mandic, Chunglee Kim, M. A. Page, J. S. Kissel, H. Cao, D. J. Vine, R. M. S. Schofield, Fabrizio Barone, M. T. Hübner, N. Man, D. Lumaca, Benjamin J. Owen, J. F. J. van den Brand, J. S. Lange, M. A. Okada, E. Cuoco, Binlei Ding, S. Sunil, M. Tacca, Marta Colleoni, Bruno Giacomazzo, A. Gupta, Martin Hendry, Cecilio García-Quirós, J. A. Giaime, M. C. Tringali, K. Haughian, S. Hochheim, N. A. Robertson, D. Corre, Y. M. Kim, B. R. Hall, Maher Yazback, J. G. Bartlett, Márton Tápai, Marc Favata, Matteo Breschi, Fabrizio Bobba, Roger Jones, V. J. Roma, M. C. Díaz, Liam Cunningham, K. Mason, L. Trozzo, Antonios Kontos, S. A. Bilgili, E. C. Ferreira, Albert Lazzarini, A. P. Spencer, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Jonathan Blackman, D. D. Brown, Anthony A. Amato, N. van Bakel, K. Toland, D. J. Hofman, A. Dmitriev, Samaya Nissanke, Y. Boetzel, S. Meshkov, Seog Oh, M. A. Bizouard, B. K. Berger, N. V. Krishnendu, Alec Mishkin, R. Cavalieri, José A. Font, C. C. Yancey, A. K. Srivastava, A. E. Pace, W. G. Anderson, N. Singh, Subroto Mukherjee, G. Cella, K. Rao, C. Fee, Maya Fishbach, Silvia Corezzi, S. Bae, E. Coccia, S. Katsanevas, M. E. Zucker, B. A. Weaver, J. G. Rollins, L.-W. Wei, Madeline Wade, P. Leaci, G. Rutins, J. D. Jones, T. C. Pechsiri, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, A. Masserot, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, K. Ueno, A. Basti, Ryan N. Lang, Podila Satya Venkata Narasimha Sharma, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, Q. Chu, Xin Chen, R. M. Martin, David A. Nichols, A. M. Holgado, K. G. Arun, S. V. Angelova, C. Nguyen, S. Vass, J.-P. Coulon, M. Fitz-Axen, F. J. Hayes, Pablo Cerdá-Durán, Vivien Raymond, Jacob Scheuer, Michael W. Coughlin, I. Khan, G. Pagano, V. Avendano, P. Oppermann, F. Messina, R. Coyne, Fabrice Matichard, E. K. Wessel, E. A. Chase, Z. Frei, Bernard F. Schutz, Daniel E. Holz, B. J. J. Slagmolen, V. Sequino, L. E. Wade, S. Caride, David A. Williams, Samuel Deléglise, A. Fernandez-Galiana, J.-D. Fournier, I. W. Harry, Li Ju, H. Qi, Daniel A. Shaddock, B. Patricelli, Brittany Kamai, C. V. Kalaghatgi, J. Hanson, R. Mittleman, Lili Yang, Philip F. Hopkins, Terry G. McRae, I. Fiori, Shawn Rosofsky, L. G. Prokhorov, T. Di Girolamo, M. Branchesi, C. Pankow, P. M. Meyers, D. Y. T. Pong, H. Masalehdan, E. Massera, Paul J. Groot, M. Zevin, P. Kumar, Edward Seidel, O. E. S. Sauter, J. Woehler, John Veitch, J. Lehmann, S. Chung, N. Arnaud, Vijay Varma, M. MacInnis, S. Penn, S. Caudill, P. Rapagnani, T. Mistry, V. B. Adya, G. L. Mansell, A. Viceré, V. Dattilo, Riccardo Ciolfi, Yi Chen, B. W. Schulte, D. S. Wu, Margaret Millhouse, A. A. Ciobanu, S. G. Gaonkar, Haixing Miao, H. Ohta, Jianfang Wang, F. Di Giovanni, G. Bogaert, Hang Yu, K. L. Dooley, Aaron Zimmerman, Fangchen Feng, Lisa Barsotti, Anirban Dasgupta, A. Effler, R. J. G. Jonker, Nelson Christensen, Z. A. Warden, S. A. Usman, M. Cavagli, D. Tuyenbayev, K. E. Ramirez, S. Ponrathnam, Chunnong Zhao, D. Moffa, David H. Shoemaker, S. Karki, J. J. McCann, T. J. Slaven-Blair, S. ShyamSundar, C. Stachie, S. P. Stevenson, Sebastien Biscans, V. Kringel, R. Tso, S. A. Nichols, M. Kovalam, L. Mereni, D. Passuello, Patrick M. Koch, S. Antier, A. Cirone, S. Banagiri, T. L. Lam, Hyun Lee, Tomasz Bulik, J. Calderón Bustillo, Alessandro Longo, Richard J. Oram, François Bondu, Edward K. Porter, Stefan Hild, Y. Ma, A. Brillet, D. Rose, M. Vardaro, Valérie Martinez, A. Avila-Alvarez, Cesare Barbieri, Walter Winkler, A. S. Markosyan, Harald Lück, L. Nevin, D. Verkindt, M. Cho, J. Cao, G. Gaur, S. C. McGuire, J. F. Read, S. Di Pace, K. Haris, I. Maksimovic, R. L. Ward, G. Hemming, F. Badaracco, C. Messenger, S. M. Koehlenbeck, N. Leroy, B. Bécsy, Des Gibson, Vivishek Sudhir, E. Schreiber, L. Terkowski, Leo Singer, Ryan Magee, Nandita Khetan, Laura Cadonati, D. A. Steer, A. Gennai, L. Kleybolte, Harald P. Pfeiffer, M. Rizzo, I. W. Martin, David E. McClelland, Daniel R. 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Rosińska, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Australian Research Council, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Council of Science and Technology UP (India), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Govern de les Illes Balears, Generalitat Valenciana, National Science Centre (Poland), Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission, Royal Society (UK), Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, National Research Foundation of Korea, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. 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A., Prokhorov, L., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Purrer, M., Qi, H., Quetschke, V., Quinonez, P. J., Raab, F. J., Raaijmakers, G., Radkins, H., Radulesco, N., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Rakhmanov, M., Ramirez, K. E., Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, J., Rao, K., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Rettegno, P., Ricci, F., Richardson, C. J., Richardson, J. W., Ricker, P. M., Riemenschneider, G., Riles, K., Rizzo, M., Robertson, N. A., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romanelli, M., Romano, J., Romano, R., Romel, C. L., Romie, J. H., Rose, C. A., Rose, D., Rose, K., Rosinska, D., Rosofsky, S. G., Ross, M. P., Rowan, S., Rudiger, A., Ruggi, P., Rutins, G., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sakellariadou, M., Salafia, O. S., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sanders, J. R., Santiago, K. A., Santos, E., Sarin, N., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Schale, P., Scheel, M., Scheuer, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schonbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seidel, E., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sennett, N., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Setyawati, Y., Shaddock, D. A., Shaffer, T., Shahriar, M. S., Shaner, M. B., Sharma, A., Sharma, P., Shawhan, P., Shen, H., Shink, R., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Shukla, K., Shyamsundar, S., Siellez, K., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Singer, L. P., Singh, D., Singh, N., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Sitmukhambetov, S., Skliris, V., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slaven-Blair, T. J., Smith, J. R., Smith, R. J. E., Somala, S., Son, E. J., Soni, S., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Sowell, E., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Srivastava, A. K., Srivastava, V., Staats, K., Stachie, C., Standke, M., Steer, D. A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stevenson, S. P., Stocks, D., Stone, R., Stops, D. J., Strain, K. A., Stratta, G., Strigin, S. E., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Sudhir, V., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Sur, A., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepanczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Tait, S. C., Talbot, C., Tanner, D. B., Tao, D., Tapai, M., Tapia, A., Tasson, J. D., Taylor, R., Tenorio, R., Terkowski, L., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Toland, K., Tonelli, M., Tornasi, Z., Torres-Forne, A., Torrie, C. I., Toyr, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Tsang, K. W., Tse, M., Tso, R., Tsukada, L., Tsuna, D., Tsutsui, T., Tuyenbayev, D., Ueno, K., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., Valentini, M., Bakel, N. V., Beuzekom, M. V., Brand, J. F. J. V. D., Broeck, C. V. D., Vander-Hyde, D. C., Schaaf, L. V. D., Vanheijningen, J. V., Veggel, A. A. V., Vardaro, M., Varma, V., Vass, S., Vasuth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Venugopalan, G., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Vicere, A., Viets, A. D., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walet, R., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, S., Wang, W. H., Wang, Y. F., Ward, R. L., Warden, Z. A., Warner, J., Was, M., Watchi, J., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Wessel, E. K., Wessels, P., Westhouse, J. W., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wilken, D. M., Williams, D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wright, J. L., Wu, D. S., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, S., Xu, R., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yang, L., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Yap, M. J., Yazback, M., Yeeles, D. W., Yu, H., Yuen, S. H. R., Zadrozny, A. K., Zadrozny, A., Zanolin, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, T., Zhao, C., Zhao, G., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., Zweizig, J., Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and G, Abbott, B, Abbott, R, Abbott, T, Abraham, S, Acernese, F, Ackley, K, Adams, C, Adhikari, R, Adya, V, Affeldt, C, Agathos, M, Agatsuma, K, Aggarwal, N, Aguiar, O, Aiello, L, Ain, A, Ajith, P, Allen, G, Allocca, A, Aloy, M, Altin, P, Amato, A, Anand, S, Ananyeva, A, Anderson, S, Anderson, W, Angelova, S, Antier, S, Appert, S, Arai, K, Araya, M, Areeda, J, Ar ne, M, Arnaud, N, Aronson, S, Arun, K, Ascenzi, S, Ashton, G, Aston, S, Astone, P, Aubin, F, Aufmuth, P, Aultoneal, K, Austin, C, Avendano, V, Avila-Alvarez, A, Babak, S, Bacon, P, Badaracco, F, Bader, M, Bae, S, Baird, J, Baker, P, Baldaccini, F, Ballardin, G, Ballmer, S, Bals, A, Banagiri, S, Barayoga, J, Barbieri, C, Barclay, S, Barish, B, Barker, D, Barkett, K, Barnum, S, Barone, F, Barr, B, Barsotti, L, Barsuglia, M, Barta, D, Bartlett, J, Bartos, I, Bassiri, R, Basti, A, Bawaj, M, Bayley, J, Bazzan, M, Becsy, B, Bejger, M, Belahcene, I, Bell, A, Beniwal, D, 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Santos, E, Sarin, N, Sassolas, B, Sathyaprakash, B, Sauter, O, Savage, R, Schale, P, Scheel, M, Scheuer, J, Schmidt, P, Schnabel, R, Schofield, R, Schonbeck, A, Schreiber, E, Schulte, B, Schutz, B, Scott, J, Scott, S, Seidel, E, Sellers, D, Sengupta, A, Sennett, N, Sentenac, D, Sequino, V, Sergeev, A, Setyawati, Y, Shaddock, D, Shaffer, T, Shahriar, M, Shaner, M, Sharma, A, Sharma, P, Shawhan, P, Shen, H, Shink, R, Shoemaker, D, Shukla, K, Shyamsundar, S, Siellez, K, Sieniawska, M, Sigg, D, Singer, L, Singh, D, Singh, N, Singhal, A, Sintes, A, Sitmukhambetov, S, Skliris, V, Slagmolen, B, Slaven-Blair, T, Smith, J, Smith, R, Somala, S, Son, E, Soni, S, Sorazu, B, Sorrentino, F, Souradeep, T, Sowell, E, Spencer, A, Spera, M, Srivastava, A, Srivastava, V, Staats, K, Stachie, C, Standke, M, Steer, D, Steinke, M, Steinlechner, J, Steinlechner, S, Steinmeyer, D, Stevenson, S, Stocks, D, Stone, R, Stops, D, Strain, K, Stratta, G, Strigin, S, Strunk, A, Sturani, R, Stuver, A, Sudhir, V, Summerscales, T, Sun, L, Sunil, S, Sur, A, Suresh, J, Sutton, P, Swinkels, B, Szczepanczyk, M, Tacca, M, Tait, S, Talbot, C, Tanner, D, Tao, D, Tapai, M, Tapia, A, Tasson, J, Taylor, R, Tenorio, R, Terkowski, L, Thomas, M, Thomas, P, Thondapu, S, Thorne, K, Thrane, E, Tiwari, S, Tiwari, V, Toland, K, Tonelli, M, Tornasi, Z, Torres-Forne, A, Torrie, C, Toyr, D, Travasso, F, Traylor, G, Tringali, M, Tripathee, A, Trovato, A, Trozzo, L, Tsang, K, Tse, M, Tso, R, Tsukada, L, Tsuna, D, Tsutsui, T, Tuyenbayev, D, Ueno, K, Ugolini, D, Unnikrishnan, C, Urban, A, Usman, S, Vahlbruch, H, Vajente, G, Valdes, G, Valentini, M, Bakel, N, Beuzekom, M, Brand, J, Broeck, C, Vander-Hyde, D, Schaaf, L, Vanheijningen, J, Veggel, A, Vardaro, M, Varma, V, Vass, S, Vasuth, M, Vecchio, A, Vedovato, G, Veitch, J, Veitch, P, Venkateswara, K, Venugopalan, G, Verkindt, D, Vetrano, F, Vicere, A, Viets, A, Vinciguerra, S, Vine, D, Vinet, J, Vitale, S, Vo, T, Vocca, H, Vorvick, C, Vyatchanin, S, Wade, A, Wade, L, Wade, M, Walet, R, Walker, M, Wallace, L, Walsh, S, Wang, H, Wang, J, Wang, S, Wang, W, Wang, Y, Ward, R, Warden, Z, Warner, J, Was, M, Watchi, J, Weaver, B, Wei, L, Weinert, M, Weinstein, A, Weiss, R, Wellmann, F, Wen, L, Wessel, E, Wessels, P, Westhouse, J, Wette, K, Whelan, J, Whiting, B, Whittle, C, Wilken, D, Williams, D, Williamson, A, Willis, J, Willke, B, Winkler, W, Wipf, C, Wittel, H, Woan, G, Woehler, J, Wofford, J, Wright, J, Wu, D, Wysocki, D, Xiao, S, Xu, R, Yamamoto, H, Yancey, C, Yang, L, Yang, Y, Yang, Z, Yap, M, Yazback, M, Yeeles, D, Yu, H, Yuen, S, Zadrozny, A, Zanolin, M, Zelenova, T, Zendri, J, Zevin, M, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, T, Zhao, C, Zhao, G, Zhou, M, Zhou, Z, Zhu, X, Zimmerman, A, Zucker, M, Zweizig, J, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Collège de France (CdF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESPCI ParisTech, Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES), IHES, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIGO Scientific, Virgo, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES), VIRGO, (Astro)-Particles Physics, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Spectroscopies optiques des matériaux verres, amorphes et à nanoparticules (SOPRANO), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Arène, M., Bécsy, B., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Diaz, J. Casanueva, Cavaglià, M., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cieślar, M., Cordero-Carrión, I., Dálya, G., D’Angelo, B., D’Antonio, S., Deléglise, S., Pozzo, W. Del, de Varona, O., Díaz, M. C., Vivanco, Francisco Hernandez, Fronzè, G., García-Quirós, C., Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, González, G., Gupta, Anchal, Hübner, M. T., Kéfélian, F., Kim, Chunglee, Krämer, C., Królak, A., Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Lück, H., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magaña-Sandoval, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Villa, E. Mejuto, Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, Subroto, Muñiz, E. A., O’Brien, B. D., Oram, Richard J., O’Reilly, B., O’Shaughnessy, R., Périgois, C., Pinto, I. M., Pürrer, M., Rana, Javed, Rosińska, D., Rüdiger, A., Schönbeck, A., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Tápai, M., Tiwari, Shubhanshu, Tiwari, Srishti, Torres-Forné, A., Töyrä, D., Bakel, N. van, Beuzekom, M. van, Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Schaaf, L. van der, Veggel, A. A. van, Vasúth, M., Viceré, A., Weßels, P., Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zadrożny, A. K., Zadrożny, A., RS: FSE MSP, Grav. waves and fundamental physics, RS: FSE Grav. waves and fundamental physics, Faculty of Science, Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Other Research IHEF (IoP, FNWI), IoP (FNWI), and Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Gravitació, neutron star: binary, cosmological model, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astronomy, Gravitational Waves, Hubble constant, O2, LIGO, Virgo, detector: network, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, LIGO, dark energy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Physics, Settore FIS/01, Hubble constant, Settore FIS/05, CATALOG, Physical Sciences, symbols, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), DATA RELEASE, COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, FOS: Physical sciences, O2, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS, gravitational radiation: direct detection, Gravitational-wave astronomy, 1ST, Article, electromagnetic field: production, symbols.namesake, Binary black hole, 0103 physical sciences, DISTRIBUTIONS, K-CORRECTIONS, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, Astrophysique, STFC, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Gravitational Waves, Science & Technology, Gravitational wave, Virgo, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, cosmology, gravitational waves, 310 Galaxies and Cosmology, Galaxy, EVOLUTION, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::520 | Astronomie, Kartographie, gravitational radiation detector, VIRGO, black hole: binary, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], DENSITY, gravitational radiation: emission, Dark energy, Astronomia, ddc:520, galaxy, Gravitational wave astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Hubble's law
Abstract

This paper presents the gravitational-wave measurement of the Hubble constant (H 0) using the detections from the first and second observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detector network. The presence of the transient electromagnetic counterpart of the binary neutron star GW170817 led to the first standard-siren measurement of H 0. Here we additionally use binary black hole detections in conjunction with galaxy catalogs and report a joint measurement. Our updated measurement is H 0 = km s-1 Mpc-1 (68.3% of the highest density posterior interval with a flat-in-log prior) which is an improvement by a factor of 1.04 (about 4%) over the GW170817-only value of km s-1 Mpc-1. A significant additional contribution currently comes from GW170814, a loud and well-localized detection from a part of the sky thoroughly covered by the Dark Energy Survey. With numerous detections anticipated over the upcoming years, an exhaustive understanding of other systematic effects are also going to become increasingly important. These results establish the path to cosmology using gravitational-wave observations with and without transient electromagnetic counterparts., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021

32. Hamiltonian analysis of Mimetic gravity with higher derivatives

Author

Yunlong Zheng

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Field (physics), Rank (linear algebra), Dirac (software), Degrees of freedom (statistics), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Matrix (mathematics), symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Mathematical physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gauge (firearms), Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), symbols, lcsh:QC770-798, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), Classical Theories of Gravity, Scalar curvature, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Two types of mimetic gravity models with higher derivatives of the mimetic field are analyzed in the Hamiltonian formalism. For the first type of mimetic gravity, the Ricci scalar only couples to the mimetic field and we demonstrate the number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) is three. Then in both Einstein frame and Jordan frame, we perform the Hamiltonian analysis for the extended mimetic gravity with higher derivatives directly coupled to the Ricci scalar. We show that different from previous studies working at the cosmological perturbation level, where only three propagating DOFs show up, this generalized mimetic model, in general, has four DOFs. To understand this discrepancy, we consider the unitary gauge and find out that the number of DOFs reduces to three. We conclude that the reason why this system looks peculiar is that the Dirac matrix of all secondary constraints becomes singular in the unitary gauge, resulting in extra secondary constraints and thus reducing the number of DOFs. Furthermore, we give a simple example of a dynamic system to illustrate how gauge choice can affect the number of secondary constraints as well as the DOFs when the rank of the Dirac matrix is gauge dependent., 24 pages, comments are welcome

Published
2021

33. M-theory cosmology, octonions, error correcting codes

Author

Andrei Linde, Yusuke Yamada, Renata Kallosh, and Murat Gunaydin

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Fano plane, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, Octonion, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Cosmology, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics::Theory, 0103 physical sciences, Minkowski space, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Physics, M-theory, Inflation (cosmology), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Supergravity, M-Theory, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), lcsh:QC770-798, Hamming code, Supergravity Models, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We study M-theory compactified on twisted 7-tori with $G_2$-holonomy. The effective 4d supergravity has 7 chiral multiplets, each with a unit logarithmic K\"ahler potential. We propose octonion, Fano plane based superpotentials, codifying the error correcting Hamming (7,4) code. The corresponding 7-moduli models have Minkowski vacua with one flat direction. We also propose superpotentials based on octonions/error correcting codes for Minkowski vacua models with two flat directions. We update phenomenological $\alpha$-attractor models of inflation with $3\alpha=7,6,5,4,3,1$, based on inflation along these flat directions. These inflationary models reproduce the benchmark targets for detecting B-modes, predicting 7 different values of $r = 12\alpha/N_{e}^{2}$ in the range $10^{-2}\gtrsim r \gtrsim 10^{-3}$, to be explored by future cosmological observations., Comment: 63 pages, 25 figures, v2: comments added, typos fixed, v3: improved formulation presented in Sec.7 and refs added. The new formulation does not change inflationary predictions, but the potentials for decoupled heavy modes are simplified compared with the ones in the previous versions

Published
2021

34. Dynamical dark energy after Planck CMB final release and H0 tension

Author

Ya-Bo Wu, Supriya Pan, Weiqiang Yang, Jianbo Lu, and Eleonora Di Valentino

Subjects
Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Particle physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Equation of state (cosmology), Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Supernova, symbols.namesake, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Dark energy, Baryon acoustic oscillations, Planck, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

In this article we compare a variety of well known dynamical dark energy models using the cosmic microwave background measurements from the 2018 Planck legacy and 2015 Planck data releases, the baryon acoustic oscillations measurements and the local measurements of $H_0$ obtained by the SH0ES (Supernovae, $H_0$, for the Equation of State of Dark energy) collaboration analysing the Hubble Space Telescope data. We discuss the alleviation of $H_0$ tension, that is obtained at the price of a phantom-like dark energy equation of state. We perform a Bayesian evidence analysis to quantify the improvement of the fit, finding that all the dark energy models considered in this work are preferred against the $\Lambda$CDM scenario. Finally, among all the possibilities analyzed, the CPL model is the best one in fitting the data and solving the $H_0$ tension at the same time. However, unfortunately, this dynamical dark energy solution is not supported by the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data, and the tension is restored when BAO data are included for all the models., Comment: 17 pages, 8 tables and 8 figures. Accepted for publication by MNRAS

Published
2020

35. Crunching away the cosmological constant problem: dynamical selection of a small Λ

Author

Tomer Volansky, Csaba Csáki, Michael R. Geller, and I. Bloch

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmological constant, AdS-CFT Correspondence, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Theoretical physics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Eternal inflation, media_common, Physics, Inflation (cosmology), Conformal Field Theory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electroweak interaction, Supersymmetry, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, Universe, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, lcsh:QC770-798, Little hierarchy problem, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmological constant problem
Abstract

We propose a novel explanation for the smallness of the observed cosmological constant (CC). Regions of space with a large CC are short lived and are dynamically driven to crunch soon after the end of inflation. Conversely, regions with a small CC are metastable and long lived and are the only ones to survive until late times. While the mechanism assumes many domains with different CC values, it does not result in eternal inflation nor does it require a long period of inflation to populate them. We present a concrete dynamical model, based on a super-cooled first order phase transition in a hidden conformal sector, that may successfully implement such a crunching mechanism. We find that the mechanism can only solve the CC problem up to the weak scale, above which new physics, such as supersymmetry, is needed to solve the CC problem all the way to the UV cutoff scale. The absence of experimental evidence for such new physics already implies a mild little hierarchy problem for the CC. Curiously, in this approach the weak scale arises as the geometric mean of the temperature in our universe today and the Planck scale, hinting at a new “CC miracle”, motivating new physics at the weak scale independent of electroweak physics. We further predict the presence of new relativistic degrees of freedom in the CFT that should be visible in the next round of CMB experiments. Our mechanism is therefore predictive and experimentally falsifiable.

Published
2020

36. The Linear Growth of Structure in the R_h = ct Universe

Author

Fulvio Melia

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Library science, Non-standard cosmology, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Metric expansion of space, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), De Sitter universe, 0103 physical sciences, Statistical analysis, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmological model, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Chinese academy of sciences, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Linear growth, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We use recently published redshift space distortion measurements of the cosmological growth rate, f sigma_8(z), to examine whether the linear evolution of perturbations in the R_h=ct cosmology is consistent with the observed development of large scale structure. We find that these observations favour R_h=ct over the version of LCDM optimized with the joint analysis of Planck and linear growth rate data, particularly in the redshift range 0 < z < 1, where a significant curvature in the functional form of f sigma_8(z) predicted by the standard model---but not by R_h=ct---is absent in the data. When LCDM is optimized using solely the growth rate measurements, however, the two models fit the observations equally well though, in this case, the low-redshift measurements find a lower value for the fluctuation amplitude than is expected in Planck LCDM. Our results strongly affirm the need for more precise measurements of f sigma_8(z) at all redshifts, but especially at z < 1., 26 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2022

37. Microphysical manifestations of viscosity and consequences for anisotropies in the very early universe

Author

Ganguly, Chandrima and Quintin, Jerome

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

It has been known that a non-perfect fluid that accounts for dissipative viscous effects can evade a highly anisotropic chaotic mixmaster approach to a singularity. Viscosity is often simply parameterised in this context, so it remains unclear whether isotropisation can really occur in physically motivated contexts. We present a few examples of microphysical manifestations of viscosity in fluids that interact either gravitationally or, for a scalar field for instance, through a self-coupling term in the potential. In each case, we derive the viscosity coefficient and comment on the applicability of the approximations involved when dealing with dissipative non-perfect fluids. Upon embedding the fluids in a cosmological context, we then show the extent to which these models allow for isotropisation of the universe in the approach to a singularity. We first do this in the context of expansion anisotropy only, i.e., in the case of a Bianchi type-I universe. We then include anisotropic 3-curvature modelled by the Bianchi type-IX metric. It is found that a self-interacting scalar field at finite temperature allows for efficient isotropisation, whether in a Bianchi type-I or type-IX spacetime, although the model is not tractable all the way to a singularity. Mixmaster chaotic behaviour, which is well known to arise in anisotropic models including anisotropic 3-curvature, is found to be suppressed in the latter case as well. We find that the only model permitting an isotropic singularity is that of a dense gas of black holes., Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures; v2: typos corrected, clarifications and references added; v3: more clarifications and references added, matches published version

Published
2022

38. Thermal perturbations from cosmological constant relaxation

Author

Lingyuan Ji, David E. Kaplan, Surjeet Rajendran, and Erwin H. Tanin

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We probe the cosmological consequences of a recently proposed class of solutions to the cosmological constant problem. In these models, the universe undergoes a long period of inflation followed by a contraction and a bounce that sets the stage for the hot big bang era. A requirement of any successful early universe model is that it must reproduce the observed scale-invariant density perturbations at cosmic microwave background (CMB) scales. While these class of models involve a long period of inflation, the inflationary Hubble scale during their observationally relevant stages is at or below the current Hubble scale, rendering the de Sitter fluctuations too weak to seed the CMB anisotropies. We show that sufficiently strong perturbations can still be sourced thermally if the relaxion field serving as the inflaton interacts with a thermal bath, which can be generated and maintained by the same interaction. We present a simple model where the relaxion field is derivatively (i.e., technically naturally) coupled to a non-Abelian gauge sector, which gets excited tachyonically and subsequently thermalizes due to its nonlinear self-interactions. This model explains both the smallness of the cosmological constant and the amplitude of CMB anisotropies.

Published
2022

39. Comparison of maximum-likelihood mapping methods for gravitational-wave backgrounds

Author

Carlo Contaldi, Neil Cornish, Arianna Renzini, Joseph Romano, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics, gr-qc, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Physics, Particles & Fields, Physical Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, astro-ph.CO, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Detection of a stochastic background of gravitational waves is likely to occur in the next few years. Beyond searches for the isotropic component of SGWBs, there have been various mapping methods proposed to target anisotropic backgrounds. Some of these methods have been applied to data taken by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatories (LIGO) and Virgo. Specifically, these directional searches have focused on mapping the intensity of the signal on the sky via maximum likelihood solutions. We compare this intensity mapping approach to a previously proposed, but never employed, amplitude-phase mapping method to understand whether this latter approach may be employed in future searches. We build up our understanding of the differences between these two approaches by analysing simple toy models of time-stream data, and run mock-data mapping tests for the two methods. We find that the amplitude-phase method is only applicable to the case of a background which is phase-coherent on large scales or, at the very least, has an intrinsic coherence scale that is larger than that of the detector. Otherwise, the amplitude-phase mapping method leads to a loss of overall information, with respect to both phase and amplitude. Since we do not expect these phase-coherent properties to hold for any of the gravitational-wave background signals we hope to detect in the near future, we conclude that intensity mapping is the preferred method for such backgrounds., 15 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022

40. Hybrid inflation and waterfall field in string theory from D7-branes

Author

Ignatios Antoniadis, Osmin Lacombe, George K. Leontaris, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Superstring Vacua, FOS: Physical sciences, D-brane, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, QC770-798, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, vacuum state: energy, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), de Sitter, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, Supersymmetric Effective Theories, string model, 010306 general physics, compactification: flux, Supersymmetry Breaking, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], inflaton, inflation: hybrid, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), D-branes, string, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an explicit string realisation of a cosmological inflationary scenario we proposed recently within the framework of type IIB flux compactifications in the presence of three magnetised D7-brane stacks. Inflation takes place around a metastable de Sitter vacuum. The inflaton is identified with the volume modulus and has a potential with a very shallow minimum near the maximum. Inflation ends due to the presence of "waterfall" fields that drive the evolution of the Universe from a nearby saddle point towards a global minimum with tuneable vacuum energy describing the present state of our Universe., 41 pages, 3 figures. v2: published version, added precisions on transverse moduli masses on p.24 + solved issue with tables aspect + minor corrections

Published
2022

41. The Copernican principle in light of the latest cosmological data

Author

David Camarena, Chris Clarkson, Valerio Marra, and Ziad Sakr

Subjects
Physics, Inhomogeneous cosmology, COSMIC cancer database, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic variance, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Type (model theory), Copernican principle, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, symbols.namesake, Theoretical physics, Space and Planetary Science, Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, 0103 physical sciences, Metric (mathematics), symbols, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We pursue a program to confront observations with inhomogeneous extensions of the FLRW metric. The main idea is to test the Copernican principle rather than assuming it a priori. We consider the $\Lambda$CDM model endowed with a spherical $\Lambda$LTB inhomogeneity around us, that is, we assume isotropy and test the hypothesis of homogeneity. We confront the $\Lambda$LTB model with the latest available data from CMB, BAO, type Ia supernovae, local $H_0$, cosmic chronometers, Compton y-distortion and kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. We find that these data can constrain tightly this extra inhomogeneity, almost to the cosmic variance level: on scales $\gtrsim 100$ Mpc structures can have a small non-Copernican effective contrast of just $\delta_L \sim 0.01$. Furthermore, the constraints on the standard $\Lambda$CDM parameters are not weakened after marginalizing over the parameters that model the local structure, to which we assign ignorance priors. In other words, dropping the Copernican principle assumption does not imply worse constraints on the cosmological parameters. This positive result confirms that the present and future data can be meaningfully analyzed within the framework of inhomogeneous cosmology., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, v2 reflects version accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2022
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42. New nonlinear instability for scalar fields

Author

Hassani, Farbod, Shi, Pan, Adamek, Julian, Kunz, Martin, Wittwer, Peter, and University of Zurich

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 530 Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Numerical Analysis (math.NA), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, 10231 Institute for Computational Science, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

In this letter we introduce the non-linear partial differential equation (PDE) $\partial^2_{\tau} \pi \propto (\vec\nabla \pi)^2$ showing a new type of instability. Such equations appear in the effective field theory (EFT) of dark energy for the $k$-essence model as well as in many other theories based on the EFT formalism. We demonstrate the occurrence of instability in the cosmological context using a relativistic $N$-body code, and we study it mathematically in 3+1 dimensions within spherical symmetry. We show that this term dominates for the low speed of sound limit where some important linear terms are suppressed., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; data available at https://zenodo.org/record/7950024

Published
2022
Full Text
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43. Uptunneling to de Sitter

Author

Mehrdad Mirbabayi

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Black Holes, Bubble, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, 0103 physical sciences, Euclidean geometry, Minkowski space, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Wormhole, 010306 general physics, Mathematical physics, Physics, Spacetime, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Horizon, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, Black hole, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), lcsh:QC770-798, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, False vacuum
Abstract

We propose a Euclidean preparation of an asymptotically AdS$_2$ spacetime that contains an inflating dS$_2$ bubble. The setup can be embedded in a four dimensional theory with a Minkowski vacuum and a false vacuum. AdS$_2$ times 2-sphere approximate the near horizon geometry of a $4d$ near-extremal RN wormhole. Likewise, in the false vacuum the near-horizon geometry of a near-extremal black hole is approximately dS$_2$ times 2-sphere. We interpret the Euclidean solution as describing the decay of an excitation inside the wormhole to a false vacuum bubble. The result is an inflating region inside a non-traversable asymptotically Minkowski wormhole., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures. V2: JHEP version; speculations about the possibility of causal communication recanted; comments on brane microphysics added; references added

Published
2020

44. Cosmological decoherence from thermal gravitons

Author

Grant N. Remmen, Aidan Chatwin-Davies, Ning Bao, and Jason Pollack

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instanton, Quantum decoherence, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmological constant, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Theoretical physics, De Sitter universe, 0103 physical sciences, Models of Quantum Gravity, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Horizon, Graviton, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Black hole, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), lcsh:QC770-798, Quantum Dissipative Systems, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Classical Theories of Gravity, False vacuum, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We study the effects of gravitationally-driven decoherence on tunneling processes associated with false vacuum decays, such as the Coleman--De~Luccia instanton. We compute the thermal graviton-induced decoherence rate for a wave function describing a perfect fluid of nonzero energy density in a finite region. When the effective cosmological constant is positive, the thermal graviton background sourced by a de Sitter horizon provides an unavoidable decoherence effect, which may have important consequences for tunneling processes in cosmological history. We discuss generalizations and consequences of this effect and comment on its observability and applications to black hole physics., Comment: 30 pages, 6 figures; comments welcome

Published
2020

45. Cosmological constraints from H <scp>ii</scp> starburst galaxy apparent magnitude and other cosmological measurements

Author

Shulei Cao, Bharat Ratra, and Joseph V. Ryan

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Cosmological constant, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Apparent magnitude, Angular diameter, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Galaxy, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Space and Planetary Science, symbols, Dark energy, Baryon acoustic oscillations, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Hubble's law
Abstract

We use HII starburst galaxy apparent magnitude measurements to constrain cosmological parameters in six cosmological models. A joint analysis of HII galaxy, quasar angular size, baryon acoustic oscillations peak length scale, and Hubble parameter measurements result in relatively model-independent and restrictive estimates of the current values of the non-relativistic matter density parameter $\Omega_{\rm m_0}$ and the Hubble constant $H_0$. These estimates favor a 2.0$\sigma$ to 3.4$\sigma$ (depending on cosmological model) lower $H_0$ than what is measured from the local expansion rate. The combined data are consistent with dark energy being a cosmological constant and with flat spatial hypersurfaces, but do not strongly rule out mild dark energy dynamics or slightly non-flat spatial geometries., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, MNRAS, in press. Removed observational data that will appear in Gonzalez-Moran's PhD thesis (in preparation) and added comments about early-Universe and late-Universe Hubble constant determinations

Published
2020

46. N-body simulations for parametrized modified gravity

Author

Lucas Lombriser and Farbod Hassani

Subjects
Physics, Gravity (chemistry), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Structure formation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Linear system, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Redshift, Nonlinear system, Theoretical physics, Cover (topology), Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Dark energy, Range (statistics), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present $\texttt{MG-evolution}$, an $N$-body code simulating the cosmological structure formation for parametrised modifications of gravity. It is built from the combination of parametrised linear theory with a parametrisation of the deeply nonlinear cosmological regime extrapolated from modified spherical collapse computations that cover the range of known screening mechanisms. We test $\texttt {MG-evolution}$, which runs at the speed of conventional $\Lambda$CDM simulations, against a suit of existing exact model-specific codes, encompassing linearised and chameleon $f(R)$ gravity as well as the normal branch of the Dvali-Gabadadz-Porrati braneworld model, hence covering both large-field value and large-derivative screening effects. We compare the nonlinear power spectra produced by the parametrised and model-specific approaches over the full range of scales set by the box size and resolution of our simulations, $k=(0.05-2.5)$~h/Mpc, and for two redshift slices, $z=0$ and $z=1$. We find sub-percent to one-percent level recovery of all the power spectra generated with the model-specific codes for the full range of scales. $\texttt {MG-evolution}$ can be used for generalised and accurate tests of gravity and dark energy with the increasing wealth of high-precision cosmological survey data becoming available over the next decade., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. Updated to match version published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Published
2020

47. The impact of peculiar velocities on the estimation of the Hubble constant from gravitational wave standard sirens

Author

Ofer Lahav, William G. Hartley, Jonathan Braden, Constantina Nicolaou, and P. Lemos

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Scale (descriptive set theory), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Peculiar velocity, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), symbols, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Event (particle physics), Smoothing, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Hubble's law
Abstract

In this work we investigate the systematic uncertainties that arise from the calculation of the peculiar velocity when estimating the Hubble constant ($H_0$) from gravitational wave standard sirens. We study the GW170817 event and the estimation of the peculiar velocity of its host galaxy, NGC 4993, when using Gaussian smoothing over nearby galaxies. NGC 4993 being a relatively nearby galaxy, at $\sim 40 \ {\rm Mpc}$ away, is subject to a significant effect of peculiar velocities. We demonstrate a direct dependence of the estimated peculiar velocity value on the choice of smoothing scale. We show that when not accounting for this systematic, a bias of $\sim 200 \ {\rm km \ s ^{-1}}$ in the peculiar velocity incurs a bias of $\sim 4 \ {\rm km \ s ^{-1} \ Mpc^{-1}}$ on the Hubble constant. We formulate a Bayesian model that accounts for the dependence of the peculiar velocity on the smoothing scale and by marginalising over this parameter we remove the need for a choice of smoothing scale. The proposed model yields $H_0 = 68.6 ^{+14.0}_{-8.5}~{\rm km\ s^{-1}\ Mpc^{-1}}$. We demonstrate that under this model a more robust unbiased estimate of the Hubble constant from nearby GW sources is obtained., 9 pages, 5 figures

Published
2020

48. Peccei-Quinn phase transition at LIGO

Author

Oriol Pujolàs, Benedict von Harling, Fabrizio Rompineve, and Alex Pomarol

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase transition, Particle physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Symmetry breaking, 010306 general physics, Axion, media_common, Physics, Einstein Telescope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Electroweak interaction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, LIGO, Universe, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Beyond Standard Model, lcsh:QC770-798, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The LIGO observatories can potentially detect stochastic gravitational waves arising from phase transitions which happened in the early universe at temperatures around $T\sim 10^{8}$ GeV. This provides an extraordinary opportunity for discovering the phase transition associated with the breaking of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry, required in QCD axion models. Here we consider the simplest Peccei-Quinn models and study under which conditions a strong first-order phase transition can occur, analyzing its associated gravitational wave signal. To be detectable at LIGO, we show that some supercooling is needed, which can arise either in Coleman-Weinberg-type symmetry breaking or in strongly-coupled models. We also investigate phase transitions that interestingly proceed by first breaking the electroweak symmetry at large scales before tunneling to the Peccei-Quinn breaking vacuum. In this case, the associated gravitational wave signal is more likely to be probed at the proposed Einstein Telescope., Comment: 27 pages, 7 figure. v2: references added

Published
2020

49. Thermal loop effects on large-scale curvature perturbation in the Higgs inflation

Author

Cheng-Wei Chiang, Kin-Wang Ng, and Po-Wen Chang

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Higgs Physics, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Standard Model, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Inflation (cosmology), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, Loop integral, Higgs field, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Higgs boson, lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

It is known that the Higgs potential in the Standard Model can drive a successful inflation as long as the Higgs field couples non-minimally to gravity. It is then inevitable to take into account the loop corrections of the Standard Model particles to the Higgs potential in the Higgs inflation. In this paper, we discuss the one-loop corrections at finite temperature to the curvature perturbation generated during the Higgs inflation. We find that the thermal loop effects can suppress the power of the curvature perturbation at large scales, thus resulting in a low quadrupole of the temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background., Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, expanded discussion on RG evolution and thermal equilibrium condition, references added, matches published version

Published
2020

50. Probing the theory of gravity with gravitational lensing of gravitational waves and galaxy surveys

Author

Joseph Silk, Benjamin D. Wandelt, Suvodip Mukherjee, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lagrange de Paris, Sorbonne Université (SU), and Sorbonne Universités

Subjects
cosmological model, Physics::General Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Virgo interferometer, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), detector: network, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, redshift: low, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, dark matter, Gravitation, Einstein Telescope, gravitational lensing: weak, gravitation: lens, gravitational radiation: propagation, 0103 physical sciences, structure, Weak lensing, dark energy, gravitational wave, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing, Physics, LISA, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, LIGO, Redshift, Automatic Keywords, VIRGO, Gravitational lens, space-time, gravitational waves, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], galaxy, large-scale structure of Universe, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The cross-correlation of gravitational wave strain with upcoming galaxy surveys probe theories of gravity in a new way. This method enables testing the theory of gravity by combining the effects from both gravitational lensing of gravitational waves and the propagation of gravitational waves in spacetime. We find that within 10 years, the combination of the Advanced-LIGO and VIRGO detector networks with planned galaxy surveys should detect weak gravitational lensing of gravitational waves in the low redshift Universe ($z, 16 pages, 7 figures. Minor changes in the text and added new references. Matches the version accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2020

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