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The Robinson unification algorithm has exponential worst case behavior. This triggered the development of (semi-)linear versions around 1976 by Martelli and Montanari as well as by Paterson and Wegman (J Comput Syst Sci 16(2):158–167, 1978, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(78)90043-0). Another version emerged by Baader and Snyder around 2001. While these versions are distinctly faster on larger input pairs, the Robinson version still does better than them on small-sized inputs. This paper describes yet another (semi-)linear version that is faster and challenges also the Robinson version on small-sized inputs. All versions have been implemented and compared against each other on different types and sizes of input pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Splitting authentication codes were first introduced by Simmons in 1982. Ogata et al. introduced (v , u × c , 1) -splitting balanced incomplete block designs in 2006 in order to construct twofold optimal c-splitting authentication codes. In 2020, Paterson and Stinson showed that there exists an authentication code with perfect secrecy for u uniformly distributed source states that is ϵ -secure against message-substitution and key-substitution attacks if and only if there exists an ϵ -secure robust (2, 2)-threshold scheme for u uniformly distributed secrets, and they used an equitably ordered (v , u × c , 1) -splitting balanced incomplete block design (briefly a (v , u × c , 1) -ESBIBD) to construct a (1/cu)-secure robust (2, 2)-threshold scheme for u equiprobable secrets. Note that v ≡ 1 (mod u (u - 1) c) and v (v - 1) ≡ 0 (mod u (u - 1) c 2) if there is a (v , u × c , 1) -ESBIBD. In order to consider other orders v, we generalize the concept of a (v , u × c , 1) -ESBIBD to an equitably ordered (v , u × c , 1) -splitting packing design (briefly a (v , u × c , 1) -ESPD), which can also be used to construct a (1/cu)-secure robust (2, 2)-threshold scheme for u equiprobable secrets. In this paper, we study combinatorial constructions of (v , u × c , 1) -ESPDs and determine the existence of an optimal (v , u × c , 1) -ESPD for (u , c) ∈ { (2 , k) : k is a positive integer } ∪ { (3 , 1) , (4 , 1) , (3 , 2) } . Consequently, we obtain some new infinite classes of authentication codes with perfect secrecy and (1/cu)-secure robust (2, 2)-threshold schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major drawback of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is their high peak-to-mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR). The PMEPR problem can be solved by adopting large codebooks consisting of complementary sequences with low PMEPR. In this paper, we present a new construction of polyphase complementary sets (CSs) using generalized Boolean functions (GBFs), which generalizes Schmidt’s construction in 2007, Paterson’s construction in 2000 and Golay complementary pairs (GCPs) given by Davis and Jedwab in 1999. Compared with Schmidt’s approach, our proposed CSs lead to lower PMEPR with higher code-rate for sequences constructed from higher-order (≥ 3) GBFs. We obtain polyphase complementary sequences with maximum PMEPR of $2^{k+1}$ and $2^{k+2}-2M$ where $k,M$ are non-negative integers that can be easily derived from the GBF associated with the CS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the dynamics of economic change in the City of Paterson, New Jersey, from the time of its founding in the late eighteenth century to 1990, with emphasis on the post-1945 era. Analysis shows that from the time of its founding to the first half of the twentieth century, Paterson experienced a period of economic growth followed by economic decline in the 1960s, characterized by major changes in its principal industries of cotton, locomotives, and silk. Economic growth in Paterson up to the early part of the twentieth century is attributable to several locational factors, including the availability of water resources, transportation, labor supply, and markets. Its decline in the post-1945 era is attributable to a combination of local, national, and global economic factors including periods of depression, labor discord, product substitution, decentralization of economic activities, and deindustrialization. Economic decline resulted in a high rate of unemployment, poverty, and urban decay. The most significant effort to reverse urban decline in the city is the urban enterprise zone (UEZ) program. The impacts of this program on economic growth in the city, however, remain inconclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combinatorial batch code was defined by Paterson, Stinson and Wei as a purely combinatorial description of batch codes, which were first introduced by Ishai, Kushilevitz, Ostrovsky and Sahai. It is a system consisting of m subsets of an n -element set such that any k distinct elements can be retrieved by reading at most one (or in general, t) elements from each subset and the number of total elements in m subsets is N. For given parameters n , k , m , the goal is to determine the minimum N , denoted by N (n , k , m). So far, for k ≥ 5 and m + 3 ≤ n < m k − 2 , precise values of N (n , k , m) have not been established except for some special parameters. In this paper, we determine the N (n , 5 , m) for n ≤ ⌊ m 2 4 ⌋ + ⌈ m ∕ 2 ⌉ 3 + ⌊ m ∕ 2 ⌋ 3 , and give a bound on N (n , 5 , m) for ⌊ m 2 4 ⌋ + ⌈ m ∕ 2 ⌉ 3 + ⌊ m ∕ 2 ⌋ 3 < n ≤ m 3 , which is tight for some m , n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated water distributions in deformed quartz in schists along the Asemi River, Central Shikoku, in the Sanbagawa Metamorphic Belt, Japan, using infrared spectroscopic (IR) mapping. The water trapped in quartz as molecular H2O showed a broad IR absorption band at 2800–3750 cm−1. A necessary step before assessing the quartz water content was to evaluate and compare six previously proposed IR calibrations in terms of the molar absorption coefficients of H2O (L/mol H2O cm2). The coefficients vary from 24,100 to 89,000 L/mol H2O cm2, and the values of the coefficients show a rough increase with increasing component of structural –OH in the IR spectra. We used Paterson's calibration, which does not require input regarding the mineral species, but which was modified in his paper for measurements of molecular H2O in quartz. The absorption coefficient is 38,000 L/mol H2O cm2. IR mapping was performed on Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks with increasing grades of metamorphism, where the mean grain size of quartz increases from ~ 40 to ~ 120 µm. The absorption bands that are only from the quartz can be distinguished on the basis of microstructural observations and the corresponding mapping results. The IR spectra of quartz commonly show dominant molecular H2O bands at 2800–3750 cm−1 with no additional bands associated with crystalline –OH when only quartz is measured. The water contents of quartz in all our samples were 40–310 ppm, and these values are about one-third of previously reported values measured using point analyses with the unified Paterson's calibration. This difference seems to reflect the incorporation of phyllosilicates in previous measurements that showed a broad band around 3600 cm−1. The lowest and highest water contents in our quartz samples are associated with intragranular water and grain boundary water, respectively. We estimated the grain boundary widths to be at most ~ 10 nm on the basis of the water contents at grain boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 100 years ago, a pandemic gripped the state of New Jersey-the Spanish influenza. This article is a narrative of events described in Paterson, New Jersey, newspapers at that time. The authors have refrained from drawing parallels to modern times; however, readers will notice the 1918 events carried elements of denial, hysteria, anger, randomness, loss of income, and profound grief that readers can no doubt relate to today. The article is modeled after the amazing Influenza Archive created by the University of Michigan's Center for the History of Medicine (influenzaarchive.org). The authors highly recommend a visit to this website to see how the flu affected other areas around the country. As readers will see, this article is also a case study in the meaningful scholarship that can be created by students during internships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of the more than 3,000 photographers active in New Jersey in the nineteenth century, a number of them were itinerant camera workers at some point during their careers, operating with a horse-drawn wagon.1 Some photographers, especially those taking views, circulated locally even when they had a gallery where they did portraits and sold other kinds of photographs. Like many other American photographers who did not always wait for customers, John P. Doremus began working in the medium during the Civil War, when there was a strong market for portraits.2 Doremus is distinguished in that, for much of the latter 1870s and 1880s, he lived and worked on a floating gallery on the Mississippi River while his business back home in Paterson, Passaic County, was managed by his family. For this remarkable episode in his career, he was inducted into the National Rivers Hall of Fame in 1991.3 He is also exceptional in that he kept a journal in which he recorded fascinating details about his experiences. This essay provides a case study of an able and ambitious photographer and entrepreneur whose career, characterized by both typical and unique experiences, sheds light on photographic and business practices of his era. You can find the Doremus photographs discussed in this article and others in a digital portfolio here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benthic environmental impact assessments and monitoring programs accompanying offshore hydrocarbon industry activities result in large collections of benthic organisms. Such collections offer great potential for systematics, biodiversity and biogeography research, but these opportunities are only rarely realised. In recent decades, the hydrocarbon industry has started exploration activities in offshore waters off the Falkland Islands. A large collection of ca. 25,000 polychaete (Annelida) specimens, representing some 233 morphological species was processed at the Natural History Museum, London. Taxonomic assessment led to recognition of many polychaete species that are new to science. The existing taxonomic literature for the region is outdated and many species in existing literature are likely misidentifications. Initially, an online taxonomic guide (http://falklands.myspecies. info) was created, to provide a single taxonomic source for 191 polychaete species to standardise identification across different environmental contractors working in Falkland Islands. Here, this effort is continued to make data available for 18,015 specimens through publication of raw biodiversity data, checklist with links to online taxonomic information and formal descriptions of five new species. New species were chosen across different families to highlight the taxonomic novelty of this area: Apistobranchus jasoni Neal & Paterson, sp. nov. (Apistobranchidae), Leitoscoloplos olei Neal & Paterson, sp. nov. (Orbiniidae), Prosphaerosyllis modinouae Neal & Paterson, sp. nov. (Syllidae) and Aphelochaeta falklandica Paterson & Neal, sp. nov., and Dodecaceria saeria Paterson & Neal, sp. nov. (both Cirratulidae). The potential of the Falkland Islands material to provide up to date information for known species described in the literature is also highlighted by publishing images and redescription of Harmothoe anderssoni Bergström, 1916 and Aphelochaeta longisetosa (Hartmann-Schröder, 1965). Biodiversity and abundance data are made available through a DarwinCore database, including material collected from 83 stations at Sea Lion developmental oil field in North Falklands Basin and voucher specimens' data collected from exploratory oil wells in East Falklands Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare workers (HCWs) suffer from occupational stress. This stress has adverse effects on individual and organization. This factor can be impose irreparable damage to the health care organizations and ultimately reduce job performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of occupational stress on the performance of HCWs. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017, by-census on 400 health-care workers of one of the public hospitals in Gorgan, Iran. Data was collected using Osipow’s Occupational Stress Questionnaire and Paterson’s Job Performance Questionnaire. Descriptive, analytical statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was analyzed by SPSS v. 22 and LISREL 8.72. The highest and lowest effect of stressful factors on job performance were related to physical environment (β=0.89, p<0.001) and the role insufficiency (β=0.43, p<0.001) respectively. The overall dimensions of occupational stress explained 73% of changes in the variance of job performance of HCWs (R-squared=0.73). One of the important interventions can be focusing on the improvement of the physical conditions of the workplace and maintaining this at standard levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Symbols are manipulated to express social identity and to reaffirm or create a sense of place. Smoking pipes recovered from late nineteenth-century privies in the Dublin Section of Paterson, New Jersey, bear the symbol of the Red Hand of Ulster. Today, the Red Hand of Ulster is ubiquitous on Unionist murals throughout Northern Ireland symbolizing Northern Irish Protestant identity. Originally, the Red Hand symbolized the dawn of the Irish High King of Ulster. In late-nineteenth-century Paterson, it is argued here, the symbol was embedded in ethnic politics involving the Irish Diaspora and Irish–American identity developed through the Gaelic revival and Irish–American organizations and labor unions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In last month's issue of School Science and Mathematics, Glenda Lappan addressed the dilemma of supporting teachers in continuing to grow professionally in four domains: Learning more mathematics content; improving their pedagogical skills; improving assessment skills; and addapting the curriculum to the needs of their students. Though it is clear that this kind of learning is best done in the context of what is going on in the classroom, teachers' schedules and other problems make it difficult to implement a coherent classroom based, professional development program. In this article, two more knowledge domains are added to this mix: the ability to (a) use technology and (b) teach with technology effectively. Since the process of learning and teaching is a dynamic one, the author describes his vision of the classroom as a laboratory where teachers get to practice and improve in these six areas and get feedback from an audience of their peers. Reflections are based on a current project in Paterson, New Jersey where the author helps middle school teachers use computer software to improve their mathematics teaching and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines how Irish immigrants blended the ideas and values they brought with them from Ireland with indigenous artisan republicanism to help shape the nature of popular political activity in Paterson, New Jersey. Historians' acceptance of traditional notions about Irish immigrants; Difficulties in dealing with the political ideology of pre-famine Irishmen.