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The aim of this study is to investigate how the use of augmented reality (AR) applications in educational environments affects students' achievement levels. The study was carried out through two dimensions; a quantitative and a qualitative aspect. The study was conducted with 7th-grade students in a public secondary school in Turkey as part of a science course. For this purpose, AR applications and activities were implemented that were suitable for the topic of Astronomy. The quasi-experimental model and one of the quantitative research methods were used for the study. As data collection instruments an achievement test and an interview form were made use of. AR activities were used for teaching in the experimental group, while the traditional method for the control group. The quantitative results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the achievement level of learners in favor of the experimental group. The interviews with the students revealed that the AR applications used in the course were interesting, that they increased interest, desire, and motivation in class, and that they facilitated learning. However, students indicated that the cost of the AR materials was high, that they had difficulty in obtaining the materials, and that they sometimes had technical problems. Another limitation was expressed as that the excess the number of students makes it more difficult to take the advantage of AR activities. Students suggested that lowering the cost of AR materials and using them in other lessons can be more effective in learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic literature review in the field of augmented reality (AR) in science education was conducted in the study. We performed a content analysis of 319 refereed articles from the Scopus database over the last 15 years (2007-2022). By adopting Cooper's guidelines, trends of AR applications in science education were viewed from various aspects, such as annual scientific growth, the number of authors, most active countries, most prolific journals, most cited articles, and most preferred research methods. The results indicated that: (1) research on AR applications has steadily increased since 2007 and peaked in 2020 and 2021; (2) the majority of publications have two authors followed by three authors and four authors; (3) the countries of the first authors of the AR studies were mostly from the US followed by Taiwan and Turkey; (4) the majority of articles were published by the Journal of Chemical Education and Computers and Education with 19 and 11 papers, respectively; (5) the most cited papers were written by Dunleavy, Dede, and Mitchell (638 citations), Potkonjak and colleagues (339 citations), and Squire and Jan (300 citations); and (6) more than one-third of the documents employed quantitative methods followed by mixed and qualitative methods. Discussion and suggestions are presented for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine whether augmented reality activities that are designed and developed through three-dimensional modelling software have a beneficial effect on improving students' spatial abilities in a seventh-grade mathematics class and to reveal the students' views on augmented reality activities. The study was conducted using a design based research model including mixed methods research designs. The study group was comprised of 53 seventh-grade students from a secondary school in a city located in the west of Turkey. The study group was formed by convenience sampling method. Quantitative data for the study were collected using a spatial ability test. Qualitative data, on the other hand, were obtained from semi-structured interviews with the students. In the analysis of quantitative data, descriptive statistics and paired samples t-test were applied. Qualitative data were analysed using the content analysis method. In the data analysis results obtained from the spatial ability test, a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores was detected in favour of the post-test. In the interviews, students expressed their positive opinions about the mathematics class involving augmented reality activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Conference Proceedings volume contains the written versions of the contributions presented during the 6th International Conference on Smart City Applications.The event had been planned to organized in Safranbolu Campus of Karabuk University, Turkey. Then, it has been converted to the online conference because of the Covid-19 situation. It took place with the motto of "Virtual Safranbolu" by inspiring historical UNESCO Heritage city Safranbolu, on October 27–29, 2021. The conference provided a setting for discussing recent developments in a wide variety of topics including Geo-Smart Information Systems, Smart Cities, 3D City Modeling and Visualization, Smart Building and Home Automation, Smart Environment and Smart Agriculture, Location Based Services, GeoInformation for Mobile, Wearable Technologies and Wireless Sensor Networks, Building Information Modeling, Virtual and Augmented Reality, Big Data and Urban Data Analytics, Smart Healthcare, Smart Economy and Digital Business, Smart Education and Intelligent Learning System, and etc.The event has been a good opportunity for the more than 400 participants coming from 43 countries of the world to present and discuss topics in their respective research areas. In addition, five keynote speakers presented latest achievements on their fields; Domingos Santos "Smart Cities Strategies: Critical Sucess Factors", Mohsen Kalantari Soltanieh "Smart buildings to Smart cities – The role of BIM and GIS integration", Ksentini Adlen, "Zero Touch Management and Orchestration of Network Slices in 5G and Beyond Networks", Bakr M.Aly Ahmed, "Smart Sustainable Urbanism", Yusuf Arayıcı, "Design for Energy:Prosumer Buildings".The 86 papers that were selected as a result of review process and presented during the conference were accepted for the final publication in the ISPRS Archives.We would like to thank all participants, organizing and scientific committee members, and session chairs for their contributions to the conference program and these Proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine experiences of science teachers in the training process they attended for innovative technology applications. Case study method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used for study design. 35 science teachers, who work in public schools affiliated to Ministry of National Education in seven regions of Turkey have participated in the study. In determining the participants, maximum variation and criterion sampling methods from the purposeful sampling methods were used. In the research, teachers were provided with training on innovative technology applications for a week period. Data collection tools used in the research were the reflection form developed by the researchers, daily activity evaluation forms and e-portfolios. The data was analyzed applying content analysis technique. Regarding the findings, teachers found innovative technologies positive in terms of attracting student attention, increasing involvement of the students, and facilitating/concretizing learning; and negative in terms of causing distraction and technology dependence. Regarding the results obtained from e-portfolios, participants produced concrete or digital products involving making a spacecraft, making Virtual Reality (VR)lasses, constructing hologram pyramid, creating picture holograms and video holograms. In addition, the participants emphasized that they mostly had positive opinions about the training they have attended, they encountered difficulties in Unity software, they plan to include innovative technology applications in science education especially in teaching astronomy and space concepts, they suggested stakeholders increasing the trainings given by experts and applied professional development activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the effects of science education using mobile augmented reality (MAR) application on students' attitudes toward science, technology, and their academic achievement were determined against two socioeconomic levels. The parallel pattern mixed method was used in the study. The research was carried out with 143 sixth-grade students from two schools with different socioeconomic levels in Turkey. The MAR application was used with the experimental groups. Quantitative data were collected through the "Science and Technology Attitude Scale" and "Systems Achievement Test." According to the ANCOVA results, it was observed that the MAR application used in the processing of the lessons was effective in improving the academic achievement levels of the students but not in attitudes toward science and technology. Results showed that the socioeconomic situation played an active role on the academic achievement of students but did not play an effective role on science and technology attitudes. The results of this research are important in determining the differences between students at different socioeconomic levels experiencing technology-supported systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept Industry 4.0 (I4.0) represents intelligent production processes combining cyber and physical systems through a set of technologies such as internet of things, big data and cloud computing. Transition to Industry 4.0 is expected to cause formidable structural changes, productivity increments and competitiveness in manufacturing industry in all over the world. This study aimed to investigate the general approach to the concept of Industry 4.0 and levels of adoption of the basic Industry 4.0 technologies in manufacturing firms across Turkey. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 427 firms with various sizes (micro, small, medium and large) operating in six subsectors (automotive; electronic; machinery; chemical; food; and textile) of Turkish manufacturing. The paper examined nine I4.0 technologies: autonomous robots, big data applications, cloud computing, cyber security, simulation approaches, additive manufacturing, system integration, internet of things, and augmented reality. The results revealed that, there is a significant correlation between the degrees of importance and implementation of the basic Industry 4.0 technologies. Moreover, I4.0 implementation degree increases as the firm size increases. The top three industries in Turkish manufacturing that use the most basic Industry 4.0 technologies are automotive industry, electrical and electronics, and machinery, respectively. The analyses are aimed to achieve a better understanding of the concept Industry 4.0 by comparing different groups of manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the current study is to design and develop a sample Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) application addressing the anatomic structure of the heart in a way suitable for laboratory learning for pre-service science teachers to achieve learning by constructing information in biology instruction. The implementation of the MAR design activity was conducted with the participation of 30 pre-service teachers taking the biology laboratory course. The implementation process of the activity consists of four stages. The first stage includes the introduction of the MAR application program and marker; the second stage includes the use of the MAR application in a laboratory environment; the third stage includes the operation of dissection and the last stage includes the association of the MAR application with the operation of dissection and general evaluation. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted by involving pre-service teachers and the data obtained from these interviews revealed that integration of heart dissection with MAR application helped the pre-service teachers to better understand the anatomic structure of the heart and the related concepts. Thus, a sample activity demonstrating how MAR, which is an instructional method with strong potential for reification and visualisation, can be integrated into the teaching of concepts in laboratory settings was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: New technologies have resulted in dramatic shifts in the field of medicine, and it stands to reason that metaverse will also affect the practice of allergy and immunology. This study aimed to determine the attitudes of allergists and raise awareness about metaverse applications in allergy and immunology., Methods: A nationwide survey-based study was conducted in Turkey. First, a 28-item questionnaire was developed and sent to Turkish allergists. After completing the first questionnaire, the participants were asked to watch a 5-min informative video about the metaverse. Lastly, a second survey was conducted to evaluate the changes in the views of the participants., Results: A total of 148 allergy doctors in Turkey participated in the survey. After watching a video containing updated information about the metaverse, there was a significant increase in the importance that participants attributed to the use of virtual reality and augmented reality applications in the field of immunology and allergy (P < 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant increase in the percentage of participants who thought that Metaverse applications could be integrated into the existing system and said that this possibility excited them (P < 0.05). There was also a significant increase in the percentage of participants who thought this innovative technology could be helpful in patient examination, student and physician education, allergy testing, and patient education (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that providing information to professionals working in the field can positively influence physicians' views on the potential of the metaverse, which is a valuable tool in the field of immunology and allergy., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.