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The forest products industries play a vital role in the economic, social, and environmental well-being of the Lake States in the United States. While various economic contribution analyses of forest products industries have been conducted to highlight the importance of such industries to regional economies, little effort has yet been made to parse out the contribution of activities in the value chain. The value chain is a series of steps involved in producing goods or services. This study used a matrix decomposition approach to estimate the economic contribution along the value chain through multiple pathways of four forest resource-based industries using wood as inputs: biomass power generation, sawmills, paper mills, and the construction of new single-family residential structures in the Lake States. The direct and indirect economic output values in 2017 resulting from the construction of new single-family residential structures were $19.1 billion, sawmills were $2.5 billion, paper mills were $17.6 billion, and the biomass power generation industry was $759 million. Of the direct and indirect economic output contributed by each industry, the highest percentage of output attributable to the logging industry was observed from the sawmills industry (12%), followed by biomass power generation (9%), paper mills (1.4%), and the construction of new single-family residential structures (<1%), respectively. The percentage of total economic output attributable to the stumpage industry in the region followed a similar trend as commercial logging for all value-chain industries. The relative economic contribution of the value-chain industries to the total economic contribution of the final industry varied based on whether the industry was a primary or secondary forest products industry and the pathways used for sourcing wood inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on several classroom activities that prompt students to investigate and discover mathematical formulas in determining the areas of shapes through the use of dot papers. It is said that students in the U.S. are rarely provided with chance to find out the formulas for themselves. Several mathematical problems on finding areas on dot paper are presented.

The article offers news briefs. The William Gropper papers which are considered as the largest among the collections in William Gropper papers are included in the different papers that came to the Archives through the New York Office. Arnold Friedman's papers were also given to the Archives. The illustrated envelope and letter written by Alexander Calder to Andrew Gagarin is one of the added acquisitions of the Archives.

Discusses the shortage of paper in the U.S, and other related issues facing the paper industry. Areas of greatest shortage; Causes of paper shortage; Projected demand for paper and paperboard for 1975; Ways of dealing with paper shortage; Advice to solve or prevent the problem of paper shortage.

Reports on the goal to eliminate the use of legal-size paper, including in the federal courts in the U.S. Costliness and inefficiency of legal-size paper and files; Storage problems of legal files that put record keeping in a critical situation; Amount spend by Federal Supply Service on the paper per year.

The article offers news briefs. Suspension was given to the Archives program review in the first quarter of 1984. The papers of Louis Demott Bunce, one of Portland's well-known painters, are highlighted by the volominous personal correspondence. The letter to Jackson Pollock is one of the most exciting composition of the Bunce papers.

The author reflects on which high-value commodity could be put forward for the 100th Jubilee spot in the U.S. as of July 2012. He believes the link between an anniversary and the particular commodity associated with it could be proportional to the item's value, such as paper, cotton and leather celebrating the first five years. He is proposing oil, which has reached a price of around 100 U.S. dollars per barrel (bbl), to have that 100th Jubilee spot.

Deals with the implication of the increased paper consumption of employees in the United States. Sales opportunities created by the proliferation of office technologies; Comments from Govi Reddy, chief executive officer and president at General-Binding Corp.; Factors increasing the demand in paper.