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Organizations utilize self‐regulation promoting interventions to empower employees in managing challenges and resources autonomously. However, there is limited understanding of how these interventions impact employee task performance and innovative behavior, as well as which processes are critical for their effectiveness. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of two self‐regulation promoting interventions—the Productivity Measurement and Enhancement Systems intervention (ProMES), a job crafting intervention, and their combination—on individual employee performance and innovation through selected process variables. We collected data before, during, and after the interventions over 16 weeks among 123 employees across three experimental and one control group. Consistent with predictions, participants of the ProMES intervention reported a higher level of perceived team climate, which consequently contributed to greater individual innovative behavior. Participants in the job crafting intervention exhibited an increase in job crafting behaviors, which consequently increased innovative behavior and task performance. Unexpectedly, the combined intervention yielded negative effects on both innovative behavior and task performance. The findings suggest that while self‐regulation promoting interventions increase favorable outcomes through different mechanisms their combination may impair relevant processes and, more generally, overwhelm employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: This study investigated adherence to physical activity (PA) guidelines and associated sociodemographic factors among older Koreans from 2011 to 2020. Methods: Utilizing four public data sets from the National Survey of Older Koreans, the study included the data on 40,993 older adults 65 years and older in South Korea, collected between 2011 and 2020. Adherence to PA guidelines and sociodemographic factors were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. The data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests. Results: Overall adherence increased from 39.1% in 2011 to 48.2% in 2017, then decreased to 37.6% in 2020 (p <.001). Men had higher adherence than women (p <.001). Age-related adherence peaked in the young-older group (65–74 years old) and was lowest in the oldest-old group (85+ years old) (p <.001). Marital status, education, and income were also significantly related to PA adherence (p <.001) across the years. Conclusion: Although continuous increase in adherence to PA among Koreans 65 years and older was observed, the decline in PA levels during the COVID era underscored the need for targeted interventions and well-informed health care policies to address demographic challenges. Still, considering that data were collected during the recommended social distancing period, a cautions interpretation of these findings is warranted. Significance/Implications: Health policies aiming to improve adherence to PA guidelines should prioritize Korean older adults who are female, belong to the oldest-old group, are single, and have low education and income levels, with the goal of enhancing health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate whether genetic variations in cytokine genes involved in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis are associated with the occurrence of peri-implantitis, an issue that remains controversial and may vary according to the population evaluated. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 102 Caucasian Portuguese individuals who were divided into two groups: (1) 43 individuals with peri-implantitis and (2) 59 individuals with good peri-implant health. Samples from the buccal mucosa were obtained, and genetic analysis was performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for IL-1A and IL-1B and PCR for IL-1RN. Results: The IL-1A-889 C/T polymorphism presented with a higher prevalence of the less common allele (T allele) in patients with peri-implantitis (27.9%) than in healthy patients (16.9%), but without statistical significance (P = .060). For the IL-1B+3954 C/T and IL-1RN (variable number of tandem repeats [VNTR]) polymorphisms, analysis revealed that the allele and genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between groups. There was a significant association between a history of periodontitis and peri-implantitis (P = .020). Conclusions: The evaluated genetic polymorphisms had no influence on the occurrence of peri-implantitis in the study population. Further research into genetic variations in different populations is needed to elucidate the role of genetic factors in the onset and progression of peri-implant disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeTo determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and blood pressure among a demographically diverse population-based sample of 10-14-year-old US adolescents.MethodsWe conducted cross-sectional analyses of data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 4,466), year two (2018-2020). Logistic and linear regression models were used to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics (sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, household income, and parental education) with blood pressure among early adolescents.ResultsThe sample was 49.3% female and 46.7% non-White. Overall, 4.1% had blood pressures in the hypertensive range. Male sex was associated with 48% higher odds of hypertensive-range blood pressures than female sex (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02; 2.14), and Black race was associated with 85% higher odds of hypertensive-range blood pressures compared to White race (95% CI, 1.11; 3.08). Several annual household income categories less than $100,000 were associated with higher odds of hypertensive-range blood pressures compared to an annual household income greater than $200,000. We found effect modification by household income for Black adolescents; Black race (compared to White race) was more strongly associated with higher odds of hypertensive-range blood pressures in households with income greater than $75,000 (odds ratio 3.92; 95% CI, 1.95; 7.88) compared to those with income less than $75,000 (odds ratio 1.53; 95% CI, 0.80; 2.92).DiscussionSociodemographic characteristics are differentially associated with higher blood pressure in early adolescents. Future research could examine potential mediating factors (e.g., physical activity, nutrition, tobacco) linking sociodemographic characteristics and blood pressure to inform targeted interventions.

The prevalence rates and correlates of mental or physical disability among recently resettled refugees, who undergo strenuous journeys before arriving in the US, remain unknown, masking potential health disparities. Self-reported disability was measured by the 2018 Annual Survey of Refugees (ASR), and defined as having a physical, mental, or other health condition for more than 6 months that precluded one from working. Prevalence rates of self-reported disability and sample correlates were investigated using descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Of N = 4259 participating refugees in ASR (Mean Age = 28.2, SD = 17.2; 52.5% male), 2875 responded to the disability question and 21.4% reported disability. About 33.7% were born in the Middle East region, 29.5% had no formal education, and 35% had an income of less than $15,000. Age (OR = 1.06, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.06,1.07], p

Purpose: Environmental factors modulate oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The aim of this study was to analyse sociodemographic and behavioural factors affecting the OHRQoL in Spanish adolescents, by using the Child-OIDP (Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances) index. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 337 adolescent schoolchildren aged 13–15 years. A questionnaire on sociodemographic, behavioural and oral self-perception factors was administered with the Child-OIDP questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests, as well as a regression model were used in the data analysis. Results: The overall mean Child-OIDP index was 3.28±6.55. It was statistically significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.001). Mothers having a managerial job showed statistical association with worse OHRQoL (p < 0.001). Caries experience and history of dental trauma were not associated with the oral-health-related quality of life (p > 0.05). Halitosis statistically significantly affected the activities of daily living (p < 0.001). Perceived dental problems, dental treatment needs, self-assessment of oral health status and satisfaction with oral health were associated with the impact index (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Mothers who were managers, female sex, presence of halitosis, and perceived dental treatment needs were the most important predictors of the impact index, while dietary habits, oral hygiene, and dental visits did not affect it. Knowledge of these factors will help dental professionals to apply adequate preventive and therapeutic measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: This study investigated individual sociocognitive factors from the theory of planned behavior and their relationship to exercise for postconcussion recovery. Design and Methods: Four hundred and fifty-nine Australian adults, two-thirds of whom had no concussion history (66%), completed an online survey of their beliefs and attitudes toward exercise for postconcussion recovery. Secondary questions evaluated program design features that could affect engagement (eg, session frequency). Results: Structured equation modeling found that subjective norms were the strongest significant predictor of intention to participate in exercise for postconcussion recovery. Perceived behavioral control was also a significant predictor of intention to participate but to a lesser extent. Attitude did not predict participation intention. The design features identified as key were personalization and being supervised during the program. Conclusions: This study found that people's intention to participate in a program of exercise postconcussion recovery is shaped by individual psychological factors and identified program design features that could be adjusted for increased engagement. Program success could be maximized through strategies such as supporting individuals to have a stronger sense of control over their participation through the choice of session timing or frequency and harnessing the influence of significant others via supportive messaging from key professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify and map the scientific evidence regarding factors associated with the nonadaptation of completely edentulous patients to mandibular complete dentures. Materials and Methods: This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR statement for Scoping Reviews and was based on guidelines proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The methodology was registered on the Open Science Framework. An electronic search strategy was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases was conducted. Studies that evaluated factors associated with adaptation to and acceptance of mandibular complete dentures were included, such as sociodemographic, psychologic, patient-related, and denture-related items. Results: The search conducted in March 2022 yielded 9,978 studies. In total, 24 studies were included for data extraction. Sociodemographic factors did not interfere with adaptation to a mandibular complete denture. Psychologic factors and patient-related aspects showed greater association with nonadaptation to mandibular complete dentures than denturereported factors. Conclusion: Although it is suggestive that psychologic and patient-related factors have higher association with the acceptance of new dentures, data must be interpreted with caution due to the variability of methodologies of the studies included in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of meeting individual behavior and 24-hr movement behavior guidelines among Brazilian older adults with chronic diseases. The sample comprised 273 older adults aged ≥60 years (80.2% women) with chronic diseases from Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Sociodemographic variables were self-reported, while 24-hr movement behaviors were assessed by accelerometry. Participants were classified as meeting (or not meeting) individual and integrated recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior, and sleep duration. No participant met the 24-hr movement behavior guidelines, while only 8.4% met integrated MVPA/sleep recommendations. The prevalence of meeting recommendations of MVPA, sedentary behavior, and sleep was 28.9%, 0.4%, and 32.6%, respectively. Discrepancies according to sociodemographic variables on meeting MVPA recommendations existed. The findings show the need for dissemination and implementation strategies to foster adoption of the 24-hr movement behavior guidelines among Brazilian older adults with chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have few known predictors of survival. We investigated associations of sociodemographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment factors with overall survival (OS) and lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS) for incident lung NET cases (typical or atypical histology) in the California Cancer Registry (CCR) from 1992 to 2019. OS was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by sociodemographic and disease factors univariately with the log-rank test. We used sequential Cox proportional hazards regression for multivariable OS analysis. LCSS was estimated using Fine-Gray competing risks regression. There were 6038 lung NET diagnoses (5569 typical, 469 atypical carcinoid); most were women (70%) and non-Hispanic White (73%). In our multivariable model, sociodemographic factors were independently associated with OS, with better survival for women (hazard ratio (HR) 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-0.68, P < 0.001), married (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70-0.84, P < 0.001), and residents of high socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods (HRQ5vsQ1 0.73, 95% CI 0.62-0.85, P < 0.001). Compared to cases with private insurance, OS was worse for cases with Medicare (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10-1.40, P < 0.001) or Medicaid/other public insurance (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.24-1.68, P < 0.001). In our univariate model, non-Hispanic Black Californians had worse OS than other racial/ethnic groups, but differences attenuated after adjusting for stage at diagnosis. In our LCSS models, we found similar associations between sex and marital status on survival, but no differences in outcomes by SES or insurance. By race/ethnicity, American Indian cases had worse LCSS. In summary, beyond disease-related and treatment variables, sociodemographic factors were independently associated with survival in lung NETs.

Background: As part of efforts to reach the elimination target by 2030, the WHO and CDC recommend that all HCWs adhere to the three‐dose Hepatitis B vaccination schedule to protect themselves against the infection. This study assessed Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and associated factors among personnel working in health facilities in Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana. Materials and Methods: A cross‐sectional study involving 530 HCWs was conducted in four hospitals in Kumasi from September to November 2023. An investigator‐administered questionnaire was employed in gathering participant demographics and other information related to vaccination coverage. IBM SPSS Version 26.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0 were used for analysing the data. Results: Even though the majority (70.6%) reported having taken at least one dose of the vaccine, only 43.6% were fully vaccinated (≥ 3 doses). More than a quarter (29.4%) had not taken any dose of the HBV vaccine. Close to a quarter (23.6%) had not screened or tested for HBV infection in their lifetime. The statistically significant variables influencing vaccination status were age, marital status, profession, and status in the hospital. Nearly one‐half (44.9%) of the participants who have not taken the vaccine reported they do not have a reason for not taking it, and a high proportion (80.1%) were willing to take the vaccine when given for free. Conclusion: To combat the low Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among healthcare workers in Kumasi, Ghana, amidst the significant public health threat of HBV infection, comprehensive measures are necessary. These include implementing infection prevention control programmes, enhancing occupational health and safety, and conducting health promotion campaigns in healthcare facilities. Extending and intensifying Hepatitis B screening and vaccination initiatives to tertiary institutions and encouraging employers, supervisors, or team leaders to provide these services nationwide are also recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self‐management (SM) is the gold standard of care and is the direct active participation of patients in their disease management. Condition‐specific factors, physical and social environment, individual and family, and the process of SM are factors that influence SM in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Poor SM leads to high retroviral infection transmission, mortality, and morbidity. Objective: This study was aimed at assessing SM and its associated factors among PLHIV at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UOGCSH), Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using a systematic random sampling technique at the UOGCSH from May 20 to July 30, 2022. The data were collected using a previously validated tool and were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with poor SM. The statistical significance was considered at a p value < 0.05. Result: Of 419 PLHIV, the median (IQR) SM score was 39 (9), and above half (52.6%, 95% CI: 48%–57%) of them had poor SM. Being unemployed (AOR = 2.49, 95%CI = 1.19, 5.19), living alone (AOR = 2.16, 95%CI = 1.12, 4.17), unfamiliar with the management of HIV‐related symptoms (AOR = 3.59, 95%CI = 2.08, 6.20), poor social support (AOR = 3.02, 95%CI = 1.54, 5.93), poor self‐efficacy (AOR = 3.04, 95%CI = 1.83, 5.06), and unsupported by the adherence support group (AOR = 17.17, 95%CI = 8.37, 35.22) were significantly associated with poor SM. Conclusion: The majority of PLHIV had poor SM. This study supports the findings of individual family SM theory and previously published studies regarding factors affecting SM. The government, hospital, adherence support groups, and PLHIV should work on modifiable sociodemographic, condition‐specific, and process of SM to improve SM of PLHIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Self‐management is vital for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to enhance cognitive health and mitigate the risk of dementia. However, maintaining consistent engagement in self‐management strategies can be challenging for older adults with MCI. This study aimed to explore the associations between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and adherence to self‐management behaviours among community‐dwelling older adults with MCI.A cross‐sectional study involving 467 community‐dwelling older adults with MCI was conducted from July to November 2022 across Nanjing, Xuzhou, and Lianyungang in Jiangsu Province, China. Data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as self‐management behaviours for MCI, were collected. Multiple linear and binary logistic regressions were employed to identify factors influencing self‐management behaviours.Among the four recommended self‐management behaviours for MCI, participants adopted an average of 1.37 ± 1.202 behaviours. Physical exercise (n = 239; 51.2%) was the most prevalent behaviour, followed by modifiable risk factors management (n = 156; 33.4%), cognitive training (n = 144; 30.8%), and cognitive function monitoring (n = 103; 22.1%). Higher education level (B = 0.286, P < 0.001), urban employee medical insurance (B = 0.621, P < 0.001), and non‐smoking status (B = 0.389, P = 0.002) positively correlated with aggregate MCI self‐management behaviours, while older age (B = −0.295, P < 0.001) had a negative association. Marital status, monthly income, employment status, gender, residence, and family history of cognitive disorders were also found to be associated with specific self‐management behaviours for MCI.Enhancing adherence to self‐management among community‐dwelling older adults with MCI is critical. Sociodemographic and clinical factors should be considered to pinpoint at‐risk populations and accordingly tailor support strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) catheter ablation in the presence of intracardiac thrombi was evaluated in very few studies. Objectives: To investigate in‐hospital outcomes of VT ablation in the presence of an intracardiac thrombus, in a large inpatient US registry. Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, patients who underwent non‐elective VT catheter ablations in the United States between 2016 and 2019 were identified using ICD‐10 codes. Sociodemographic, clinical data, in‐hospital procedures, and outcomes as well as in‐hospital mortality were collected. In‐hospital outcomes were compared using propensity score (PS) matching analysis with a 1:3 ratio between patients with and without intracardiac thrombus. Results: A weighted total of 15,725 admissions for non‐elective VT ablation were included in the study, of which 190 (1.2%) had a discharge diagnosis of intracardiac thrombus. Patients with intracardiac thrombus had a higher comorbidity burden and were more likely to have ischemic cardiomyopathy and a diagnosis of cardiac aneurysm. In PS analysis, the presence of intracardiac thrombus was significantly associated with higher rates of any in‐hospital complications (42.1% vs. 19.3%, p < 0.009), driven by higher periprocedural cerebrovascular accident and vascular injury events. In‐hospital mortality rates were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: In patients undergoing non‐elective VT ablation, intracardiac thrombus was associated with higher rates of in‐hospital complications, but not higher in‐hospital mortality. These findings suggest that intracardiac thrombus should not contraindicate VT ablation when deemed necessary, while efforts should be made to decrease potential complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives:. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the degree of children's adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), to estimate the weekly cost of MD, and to assess the role of food cost and demographic/socio-economic factors as potential barriers to comply with a healthy dietary model. Methods:. Data collection was conducted through an online questionnaire sent to parents of children (6–11 years old) living in Italy. This survey allowed the collection of demographic/socio-economic information about the family and their dietary habits. Adherence to the MD in children was assessed through the KIDMED index. The weekly diet cost was calculated based on the food prices of two Italian supermarket chains. Descriptive statistics and inferential tests were run to evaluate the sample's characteristics and correlations between diet cost, socio-demographics, and adherence to MD. Results:. Data highlighted that 31.5% of the children achieved high compliance with the MD, whereas 22.2% showed low adherence. The average diet cost increased significantly with the increasing level of adherence to the MD (Spearman's Rho = 0.322, p = 0.018). Moreover, results showed that a high parent educational level was positively associated with the KIDMED score (Spearman's Rho = 0.323, p = 0.017). No significant correlations were found between dietary cost and other characteristics such as economic status and house type. Conclusions for Practice:. Despite the small sample size, our results suggest that nutrition education interventions targeted at children and their parents/caregivers might favour more conscious dietary choices, which in turn will help reduce the differences in diet quality caused by the educational level gaps existing in families. Significance: Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence may be affected by many factors, among which demographic, social, and economic ones are of great relevance. Family characteristics may, in turn, have an impact on the dietary model and nutritional status of children, who represent a vulnerable and underinvestigated population in this specific context. This study explored the cost of MD in Italian families with at least one child and highlighted that parents' educational level correlates with children's compliance to MD more decisively than demographic and economic factors. This suggests that targeted nutrition education interventions might lead families towards healthier food choices, mitigating existing educational differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe program characteristics and outcomes of a residential substance use recovery program serving pregnant and parenting women in a rural and urban location. Description: This assessment of administrative records from April 1, 2020 through March 31, 2022, included women in a rural (n = 140) and urban (n = 321) county in Kentucky. Assessment: This retrospective case study used descriptive and non-parametric analyses to assess the population and examine differences between locations, race, and ethnicity for women served. Logistic regression tested predictors of goal achievement by community. Of 461 women served, 65 (14.1%) delivered a baby while in treatment; 62 of which were considered healthy. 13% of the women were Black, 83.1% non-Hispanic (NH) white, and 3.7% were other races/biracial; 1.3% were Hispanic. The mean age was 30.92 years (SD 6.23) and treatment duration was 90.11 days (SD 67.70). Program goals were achieved by 312 (67.7%). There were no differences in rates of goal achievement or treatment duration by race, ethnicity, or age and no difference in the rate of achievement by location in univariate analyses. However, treatment duration was positively associated with program success in both communities. In the urban community, Black women were 8% more likely to successfully complete the program compared to NH white women (OR = 9.77 [95% CI 1.21,79.18; p = 0.033]) after controlling for confounders. Insufficient sample size for non-white women in the rural community prohibited evaluation. Conclusions: Duration of time in the program best predicted successful completion for women in recovery. These findings have policy implications. Significance: Women having difficulties with substance use are typically of childbearing age. Integrated programs are needed to address the multi-factorial needs of these women. Models suggest that optimal care involves services that are co-located or closely aligned. The current evaluation contributes to the literature by examining outcomes for women in recovery. This case study examines client outcomes at a community-based residential treatment program and found evidence that the length of stay was associated with achievement of program goals. Lastly, contrary to previous reports, Black women in an urban community had an 8% greater probability of successful completion compared to white women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated stay-at-home orders on the breastfeeding experiences of U.S. people a identify facilitators and barriers to breastfeeding during this period, and to assess the effects of maternal stress and misinformation on breastfeeding practices. Methods: U.S. women with infants were selected through purposive and convenience sampling. An online survey, distributed during summer 2020, measured changes in infant feeding practices, maternal stress levels, use of lactation support resources, and the influence of misinformation on feeding decisions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis. Results: Our sample (n = 1,861) revealed that 34% of U.S. women realized the pandemic affected their feeding practices, 544 women provided qualitative data. Major themes from qualitative analysis included ease of breastfeeding at home, bonding, increased breastfeeding duration, and challenges like limited access to lactation support. Logistic regressions highlighted demographic influences on breastfeeding practices, with no significant effects found related to the child's age or women's income on changes in feeding practices. Conclusions for Practice: The COVID-19 pandemic substantially impacted breastfeeding experiences of U.S. women, yielding insights for future policy and healthcare practices. The findings underscore the potential benefits of telehealth lactation support services and flexible remote work environments for breastfeeding people. Clear and scientifically-grounded communication regarding breastfeeding, mental health support, and policy development, are essential to promote equitable and flexible work and maternity leave options for breastfeeding people especially during global health crises. Significance: This study provides new insights into how the COVID-19 pandemic's stay-at-home orders uniquely impacted breastfeeding practices among a large and diverse sample of U.S. women across various regions, income levels, and racial/ethnic backgrounds. By capturing a wide range of experiences, we address a critical gap in understanding the effects of sudden societal changes on breastfeeding across different demographics. Our findings highlight both facilitators—such as increased time at home leading to easier breastfeeding, stronger mother-infant bonding, and extended breastfeeding duration—and barriers—including limited access to lactation support and heightened maternal stress. The diversity of our sample enhances the applicability of our results to inform maternal and child health policies and practices. We underscore the potential benefits of telehealth lactation services and flexible remote work policies in enhancing breastfeeding outcomes and reducing health inequities, emphasizing the need for supportive measures that promote breastfeeding, especially during global health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to study the impact of sociodemographic (SD), health status and resources (HSR), macroeconomic (ME), and Environmental (EV) factors on the infant mortality rate (IMR) in Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and from 1990 to 2022. Design: A retrospective time‐series study employing yearly data was conducted. A generalized least squares model was utilized to construct an exploratory model of IMR determinants for each country. Results: In SD, the risk of IMR may be increased with a higher crude birth rate, adolescent fertility rate, and married women percentage. In HSR, immunization coverage shows a significant effect in preventing neonatal diseases and reducing IMR. In ME, the effect of parents' employment seems contradicted among the three countries. In EV, greenhouse emissions have also had contradictory effects among the three countries, suggesting a complex relationship with IMR. Some were consistent with global findings, whereas others contradicted the prevailing narrative. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for tailored public health interventions addressing socio‐demographic, healthcare, and environmental contexts to effectively reduce IMR and enhance infant health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic diseases have become one of the most important factors threatening human health. Subjective life expectancy (SLE) describes an individual's expectation or subjective perception of lifespan. This article aims to explore the relationship between chronic diseases and SLE, as well as the differences among different age groups and different types of chronic diseases in this relationship. China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is a nationwide longitudinal study that evaluates the social, economic, and health conditions of middle‐aged and older adult families and individuals aged 45 and above in China. In this study, CHARLS used probability proportional to size sampling (PPS sampling) to ensure the breadth and representativeness of the sample. This study selected cross‐sectional data from CHARLS 2018, removed missing values, and obtained a valid sample of 10,658 middle‐aged and older individuals, of whom 8564 had chronic diseases. After controlling demographic, health behavior, socioeconomic, psychological, and social security factors, an ordered logistic regression was performed to explore the relationship between chronic disease and SLE in middle‐aged and older adults. The results show that chronic diseases negatively correlate with SLE in middle‐aged and older adults. Middle‐aged and older adults with chronic diseases are 36.2% less likely to have high life expectancy than those without chronic diseases. Many different types of chronic diseases are negatively correlated with SLE. Cancer is most negatively correlated with SLE, far exceeding other chronic diseases. Chronic disease and SLE of middle‐aged and older adults have age‐heterogeneous differences. For middle‐aged people aged 45–59 and young older adults aged 60–79, there is a significant correlation between chronic diseases and SLE. However, there is no correlation between chronic diseases and subjective life expectancy in the older population aged 80 and above. The government and society should pay close attention to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases among middle‐aged and older adults and adjust policies and measures according to the population's age structure. In addition, the government and society should pay attention to the spiritual needs of middle‐aged and older adults. The government and society should pay more attention to cancer patients. Finally, the scientific research team should also strengthen research on chronic diseases, research and development of specific drugs and vaccines, improve the cure rate of chronic diseases, promote people's health, and make people no longer afraid of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to adapt the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA‐TLX) to the home care setting and translate and validate it in Italian. An online questionnaire containing the Italian version of the NASA‐TLX adapted to the home care setting was administered to home care nurses to measure workload. Content Validity Index, Exploratory, and Confirmatory Factor Analyses were used to measure the psychometric characteristics of the modified NASA‐TLX. The modified Italian version of NASA‐TLX_HC‐IT showed good psychometric characteristics in measuring the workload of home care nurses, with excellent fit indices. The reliability, calculated with Cronbach's alpha, was 0.73, indicating adequate reliability. A negative correlation between workload and job satisfaction among home care nurses, as well as a positive association between high workload and intention to leave the workplace, was verified. The modified Italian version of the NASA‐TLX_HC‐IT was confirmed to be a valid and reliable instrument to measure workload in home care nursing. Furthermore, the correlation between workload and the intention to leave the workplace among home care nurses was an important result that community nursing managers should consider preventing the shortage of home care nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the distribution and factors associated with lack of knowledge about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among Brazilian adolescents.Cross‐sectional study using the 2019 National School Health Survey among 17,805 Brazilian students of public and private schools, aged 13–17 years. The outcome variable was "lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine" and the explanatory variables were sociodemographic, behaviors, knowledge, and health conditions. Logistic regression model was used to calculate Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Spatial analysis techniques were used to determine the formation of clusters in the federated units with similar proportions of adolescents who were unaware of the vaccine. The lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine was reported by 45.54% of Brazilian students. There was a higher chance of lack of knowledge having had sexual intercourse (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.20–1.70); attending public school (OR 1.72; 95%CI 1.47–2.02) and located in the Northeast Region (OR 1.35; 95%CI 1.08–1.69). The lower chance of lack of knowledge were female gender (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.35–0.48), higher maternal education (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.50–0.77) self‐rated health as Poor/very poor (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.49–0.86) and receiving contraceptive counseling (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.65–0.91). The proportion of lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine was higher with the formation of High–High spatial clusters in the states of Maranhão, Piauí, and Pernambuco. Sociodemographic, health, and behavioral conditions and knowledge of students, as well as school characteristics, were associated with lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine. A higher frequency of lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine among adolescents was found in the states of the Northeastern Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le pédopsychiatre est de plus en plus sollicité dans notre contexte tunisien par les instances judiciaires pour l'examen des enfants et des adolescents. Cette augmentation de demandes serait en partie en rapport avec les progrès dans la législation de protection de la femme et l'enfant. Toutefois, plusieurs difficultés semblent toujours entraver le bon déroulement et suivi de ces examens. Ceci nous a motivé à mener ce travail dont l'objectif était de déterminer les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques des enfants examinés dans le cadre d'un examen médico-légal et de discuter les obstacles à l'origine de difficultés de gestion de ces demandes. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale descriptive et analytique qui a porté sur les dossiers de tous les consultants adressés à la consultation de pédopsychiatrie de Monastir dans le cadre d'un examen médico-légal, durant les années 2021–2022. Nous avons ainsi procédé au remplissage d'une fiche explorant les données sociodémographiques de l'enfant, ses antécédents ainsi que les caractéristiques de l'examen médico-légal. Notre étude a inclus 454 enfants et adolescents dont le sex-ratio M/F était égal à 1,03 et l'âge moyen de 11 ans. Il s'agit d'une population appartenant majoritairement à un milieu socioéconomique défavorisé et vivant dans une dynamique perturbée. La maltraitance (60,1 %) notamment sexuelle (53,5 %) était le motif le plus fréquent à l'origine de la demande d'examen médico-légal et les diagnostics retenus étaient dominés par les états de stress aigu et post-traumatique et les troubles de l'adaptation. Nous avons aussi noté un taux important de perte de vue pour ceux nécessitant un suivi ainsi que de peu d'informations disponibles sur les suites judiciaires pour les enfants ayant nécessité une prise en charge. Le présent travail a étudié un sujet crucial, dans lequel nous avons rapporté les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et cliniques des enfants examinés en pédopsychiatrie dans un cadre médico-légal. Une coopération entre tous les intervenants est ainsi nécessaire pour garantir une meilleure prise en charge et surtout une continuité dans les soins accordés à cette population particulière. Child and adolescent psychiatrists are increasingly being requested by judicial authorities to examine children and adolescents. This increase is in part attributable to progress in Tunisian legislation on the protection of women and children. Nevertheless, clinicians have encountered several difficulties in conducting these examinations. This study aims to analyse the epidemiological and clinical profiles of children examined in a medico-legal context and to discuss the difficulties in managing these examinations. This is a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study that examined the records of all patients referred to the Child Psychiatry Department in Monastir as part of medico-legal examinations during the years 2021–2022. We therefore filled in a form to investigate the child's socio-demographic data, background and the specifics of the medical-legal examination. Our study included 454 children and adolescents with a M/F sex ratio equal to 103 and an average age of 11 years. The majority of the population was of low socioeconomic status and lived in a disrupted environment. Child abuse (60.1%), particularly of the sexual type (53.5%), was the most frequent reason for requesting a medico-legal examination, and the diagnoses retained were dominated by acute and post-traumatic stress disorders and adjustment disorders. We also observed a high rate of interruption in medical follow-up and limited availability of information regarding legal outcomes for children in need of psychiatric care. The current study delves into a significant matter by delineating the socio-demographic and clinical profiles of children undergoing examination in child psychiatry within a medico-legal framework. Collaboration among all stakeholders is thus imperative to ensure improved management and, most importantly, the continuity of care for this specific population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young adult family caregivers (age 18–34) are increasingly providing care to their older family members with chronic, disabling, or other serious health conditions. Little is known on young adult family caregivers and their resilience in the context of family interaction and resources. Utilizing the 2015 National Study of Caregiving (NOSC) data, the aim of this study is to examine the correlation of caregiver strain, with the three elements of Family Resilience model: beliefs, family organizational patterns, and communication processes. The results of the study found that two parameters of NOSC in particular were associated with less caregiver strain: completed trainings and enjoying being with the care recipient. In addition, the parameter "feeling lonely," defined as having a few friends was found significantly associated with higher caregiver strain. The results demonstrated the importance of understanding the unique resilience factors and tailored interventions for young adult family caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explored the impact of caregiving on quality of life and health perceptions and outlined the profile of grandparent caregivers in Andalusia (Spain) in terms of a range of sociodemographic variables related to the care of their grandchildren. A sample of 171 participants (21.6% men) completed the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaire and another ad hoc one providing sociodemographic and caregiving data. We studied the relationships between these variables and HRQoL using ANOVA, chi-square and Multiple Linear Regression. We found a mainly female profile for the care of grandchildren and interesting relationships for the physical and mental components of HRQoL. Some relationships were marked by gender: caregiving for pleasure was more often the motive for men while by imposition was more common among women. We discuss the impact of caregiving on health according to the Self-Determination Theory and suggest practical implications derived from the main findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research aimed to determine the stigma toward people with mental illness among mental health personnel and identify individual, professional, and contextual predictors. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 218 mental health personnel working in Outpatient Psychiatric Units belonging to hospitals and Community Mental Health Centers in Chile. Stigma was evaluated using a scale of humanized treatment, a scale of social distance, and a scale of attitudes in health personnel. In addition, sociodemographic and professional information was collected from mental health personnel and contextual information, particularly the type of outpatient mental health center and the technical-administrative unit that groups all the health centers in a territory. Results: It was found that mental health personnel, in general terms, present low levels of stigma expressed in behaviors of comfort and support toward users, a desire for closeness and social interaction, and reduced stigmatizing beliefs and attitudes of infantilization toward individuals with MHPs. However, intimacy and trust were lower than expected. Only educational levels and health centers were related to stigma. Conclusions: The low levels of stigma may be due to the evolution of this phenomenon and the country's mental health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Supported accommodations (SAs) are key components of community mental health care, but little is known about residents' care pathways. This study analysed the care pathways of residents of SAs, and factors associated with their age of entry and length of stay. Methods: A random sample of SAs' residents in Portugal was interviewed and a questionnaire was specifically developed to assess their care pathways. Associations between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, age of entry and length of stay, were analysed using hierarchical regression. Results: Overall, 213 residents of 43 different SAs participated. Their mean age was 55 years. Most were male, single, pensioners and had early-onset psychotic disorders. On average, they integrated the current SA at around 50 years old and had a 4.5 year length of stay. Most participants had been in another SA before (35.0% in more supported, 33.8% in less supported and 6.3% in similarly supported SAs). Conclusions: Findings suggest that residents spend several years in the residential pathway, with a significant proportion moving to more supported SAs. This calls for increasing the number of SAs with different typologies and developing coordinated community supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The launch of state certification for community health workers (CHWs) in Massachusetts in 2018 aimed to promote and champion this critical workforce. However, concerns exist about unintentional adverse effects of certification. Given this, we conducted 2 cross-sectional surveys to evaluate this certification policy. Methods: We conducted surveys of CHW employers and CHWs in 3 sample frames: community health centers and federally qualified health centers, acute-care hospitals, and community-based organizations. We administered the surveys in 2016 (before certification launch) and 2021 (after certification launch) to answer the following questions: Was certification associated with positive outcomes among CHWs after its launch? Did harmful shifts occur among the CHW workforce and employers after certification launch? Was certification associated with disparities among CHWs after its launch? Results: Certification was associated with higher pay among certified (vs noncertified) CHWs, better perceptions of CHWs among certified (vs noncertified) CHWs, and better integration of certified (vs noncertified) CHWs into care teams. We found no adverse shifts in CHW workforce by sociodemographic variables or in CHW employer characteristics (most notably CHW employer hiring requirements) after certification launch. After certification launch, certified and uncertified CHWs had similar demographic and educational characteristics. However, certified CHWs more often worked in large, clinical organizations while uncertified CHWs most often worked in medium-sized community-based organizations. Conclusions: Our evaluation of Massachusetts CHW certification suggests that CHW certification was not associated with workforce disparities and was associated with positive outcomes. Our study fills a notable gap in the research literature and can guide CHW research agendas, certification efforts in Massachusetts and other states, and program efforts to champion this critical, grassroots workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Evidence has emerged on the health dangers of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among pregnant women and neonates. We examined whether rural residence is a risk factor for smoking and e-cigarette use among women during the peripartum period in the United States. Methods: This study was based on pooled cross-sectional 2015-2020 data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. The outcome was exclusive smoking, exclusive e-cigarette use, and use of both products (ie, dual use) versus use of neither tobacco product by women with live infants aged 2 to 6 months. We examined rural–urban differences in outcome by using univariate and multivariable multinomial logistic regressions with post hoc contrasts and marginal analyses, adjusting for complex survey design and nonresponse. Results: During the peripartum period, 5.0% of women were smoking combustible cigarettes, 5.0% were using e-cigarettes, and 1.9% were using both tobacco products. The crude prevalence of e-cigarette use was 1.1 percentage point higher, and the adjusted prevalence was 0.8 percentage points lower for rural versus urban women (P <.001 for both). Among rural women, 6.7% (95% CI, 6.3%-7.1%) smoked combustible cigarettes exclusively and 2.6% (95% CI, 2.3%-2.8%) used both products, as compared with 4.5% (95% CI, 4.4%-4.8%) and 1.7% (95% CI, 1.6%-1.8%) of urban women, respectively, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. Conclusions: Maternal sociodemographic and health-related characteristics differed by combustible smoking versus e-cigarette use during the peripartum period. The effect of residence on e-cigarette use was significantly confounded by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, resulting in clinically comparable prevalence of e-cigarette use in rural and urban mothers with live infants aged 2 to 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fear reactivity is an early emerging temperament trait that predicts longer term behavioral and health outcomes. The current analysis tests the hypothesis, an extension of prior research on maternal immune activation (MIA), that the prenatal maternal immune system is a reliable predictor of observed fear reactivity in infancy. The analysis is based on a prospective longitudinal cohort study that collected data from the first trimester and conducted observational assessments of temperament at approximately 12 months of age (n = 281 infants). MIA was assessed from immune biomarkers measured in maternal blood at each trimester; infant temperament was assessed using the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery assessment at 12 months; covariates included family and sociodemographic factors. Patterns of inflammatory markers across gestation reliably predicted observed temperament: elevated prenatal MIA was associated with high fear reactivity to novel stimuli. The findings provide novel evidence of prenatal origins of fear reactivity and suggest developmental mechanisms that may underlie early emerging individual differences in child temperament. Public Significance Statement: This research examines the prenatal developmental origins of a key aspect of child behavioral development, fear reactivity in infancy. The findings provide the first robust evidence that maternal immune activation in pregnancy is associated with early-emerging fear reactivity. These results extend prior work on prenatal influence on child behavioral development in ways that suggest developmental mechanisms and potential intervention targets for promoting child health and behavioral and social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the interest in event-driven PrEP (ED-PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) using daily PrEP in Mexico's PrEP demonstration project between 2019 and 2020. We compared participants interested or not in ED-PrEP during their first-month visit and identified associated factors. Of 1,021 MSM attending their first-month visit, 7% had previous knowledge of ED-PrEP, but 40% were interested in ED-PrEP. However, over 50% perceived the scheme as less protective than daily PrEP. Having doubts about ED-PrEP's level of protection was related to less interest in the scheme (aOR = 0.11; CI = 0.07–0.18), just like reporting perceived barriers such as having frequent sex (aOR = 0.06; CI = 0.03–0.14), unplanned sex (aOR = 0.17; CI = 0.11–0.27), forgetting the medicine (aOR = 0.06; CI = 0.03–0.12), or difficulty carrying the medicine (aOR = 0.13; CI = 0.07–0.25). Finally, reporting not taking PrEP for >20 days in the last month (aOR = 0.05; CI = 0.01–0.27) diminished interest in ED-PrEP. In conclusion, few MSM daily PrEP users knew about ED-PrEP yet many were interested in it, suggesting the importance of awareness campaigns regarding ED-PrEP's effectiveness. The lack of interest in ED-PrEP among participants with poor adherence to daily PrEP indicates that they might prefer long-acting PrEP or HIV prevention strategies without medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated relationships among home reading practices, shared book reading (SBR) behaviors, and child literacy outcomes in young children with cochlear implants in Baltimore, Maryland. Parents (N =18) completed a home reading questionnaire and recorded themselves reading books with their children at home. Shared book reading sessions were coded for interactive reading behaviors. Children's early language skills and literacy skills were also assessed. We explored variability in these behaviors with regard to demographic characteristics and type of book; these exploratory analyses revealed that parents used more literacy teaching techniques when reading the wordless picture book and that parent interaction and engagement and literacy teaching techniques were more frequent with younger children than with older children. While many families frequently used interactive reading behaviors, our analysis did not find significant relationships between the parent behaviors and children's literacy scores. However, there was an interaction between the amount of reading and cochlear implant experience such that more cochlear implant experience was associated with better reading outcomes only for the group of children who received more reading time. In a sample of young children with cochlear implants, reading time, cochlear implant experience, and child language skills were better predictors of reading outcomes than parents' frequency of SBR behaviors alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objective: To investigate the occurrence of behavioral problems 7 years after severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), and their evolution from 3 months to 7 years postinjury. Method/Design: Thirty-four participants, 38% girls, M (SD) age at injury 7.6 (4.7) years, age at assessment 15 (4.6) years, underwent comprehensive assessments 7 years after severe TBI from March 2014 to March 2016 and were matched to a control group by age, gender, and parental education. A subgroup of 20 participants had available behavioral assessments at 3, 12, and 24 months postinjury. Internalizing, externalizing, and total behavioral problems were assessed with self- and parent reports of the Achenbach's Behavioral Checklist. Additional data included sociodemographic background, initial injury severity, and specific outcomes assessed concurrently 7 years postinjury. Results: Compared to controls: (a) a significant proportion of participants with severe TBI fell above the clinical cutoff for self- (42%) and parent-reported (36%) externalizing problems, but not for self- (33%) or parent-reported (45%) internalizing problems; (b) withdrawn/depressed, intrusive behavior, and somatic complaints were significantly higher in self-reports; and (c) rule-breaking behavior, attention, and social problems were significantly higher in parent reports. Parent-reported internalizing problems were associated with older age at injury, whereas externalizing problems correlated with greater injury severity and concurrent levels of greater overall disability, lower intellectual ability, and poorer family functioning. In multiple hierarchical regression analyses, overall disability and worse family functioning significantly predicted externalizing problems. Parent-reported internalizing and externalizing problems persisted over time. Conclusions/Implications: These results highlight the importance of long-term follow-up and individualized behavioral interventions for children who sustained severe TBI. Impact and Implications: Approximately half of the parents of children who sustained severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) report clinically significant internalizing and externalizing behavior problems 7-year postinjury, indicating long-term persistence of behavioral issues with significant consequences on participation and overall academic achievement. Concordance between parent- and self-reports assessing internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems is high, suggesting that patients who sustained severe childhood TBI and their parents might perceive and deal more frequently with symptoms related to more overtly noticeable behaviors, such as externalizing symptoms, but might also be particularly aware of symptoms pertaining to withdrawnness, depression, and somatic complaints in the long-term. These internalizing symptoms should not be neglected and appropriate support should be considered, even in the absence of externalized behaviors. Persistence of internalizing and externalizing problems 7 years after severe TBI underlines the importance of follow-up interventions aimed at behavioral adjustment. During follow-up, it is important to organize and implement serial assessments of neuropsychological and general functioning, educational attainment, and school issues, as well as mood and behavior, in order to detect and quantify disorders, and to implement timely, individualized, patient- and family-centered targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: On 15 March 2019, a white supremacist terrorist carried out sequential attacks on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand during Friday prayers. This resulted in the loss of 51 lives, 40 others sustained gunshot injuries, and there were approximately 250 survivors. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts on community members, assess clinical needs, facilitate access to appropriate interventions and provide insights into working with a traumatised and diverse population. Methods: This cross-sectional study used semi-structured clinical interviews and self-report measures to assess social and demographic factors, mental health disorders and well-being for adult Muslims 11–32 months post-attack. Results: A total of 189 participants completed assessments. The sample was diverse, representing 34 different ethnicities and participant proximity to the attack was complex, with personal and familial exposures. Elevated levels of psychological distress and psychopathology were found with 38% of participants reporting moderate/severe psychological distress on the Kessler-10, 39% reporting post-traumatic stress disorder on the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5, and 40% reporting poor well-being or possible depression on the World Health Organization-5 Well Being Index. Secondary stressors were also documented, as well as high scores for post-traumatic growth and the importance of faith. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the repercussions of the Christchurch mosque attack on the affected community, describing the complexity of exposure and the substantial burden of morbidity experienced. It also highlights the high levels of social connectedness and the role of faith in promoting positive outcomes in the recovery process for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing climate information services (CIS) to smallholder farmers using digital tools is widely considered to be one of the promising ways to increase the adoption of climate information (CI). However, digital-based CI adoption among smallholder farmers in developing countries remains low. Consequently, several previous studies identify multiple hypotheses about why smallholder farmers adopt digital-based CI or not. Nevertheless, very little is known about the common drivers or barriers to the adoption of digital-based CI that are necessary to build effective digital-based climate service delivery. To bridge this gap, we perform a mini meta-analysis capturing 19 results from nine published studies that specifically focus on the determinants of digital-based CI adoption. The literature search was conducted without any predefined study area, resulting in cases mostly from Africa, including Ghana, Senegal, Kenya, Ethiopia, as well as Jamaica. A random effects model was used. Results confirm that five determinants – primarily related to information access (access to extension services and farming experience), socio-demographics (gender), group membership/social capital, and farmer awareness/perceptions of climate change – consistently influence digital-based CI adoption. The results of this mini meta-analysis set the benchmark for understanding digital-based CI adoption by smallholder farmers. Key policy insights: Interventions aimed at promoting the uptake of digital-based climate information (CI) into decision-making by smallholder farmers are unlikely to be successful without considering information-related factors such as access to extension services and farming experience, socio-demographic factors (gender), group membership/social capital, and farmer awareness/perceptions of climate change. Contrary to common beliefs in agricultural technology adoption, our research finds that age, education, farm size, distance to markets/roads, use of improved practices, family size, land sources, and farm income do not influence the digital-based adoption of CI. It is essential to consider non-economic factors, such as farmers' social capital, and awareness, when developing digital-based delivery of CI. Female smallholder farmers are more likely to adopt digital-based CI, which could also help to narrow the gender gap and empower women. It is an important step towards the ubiquitous uptake of CI. Mobile phones are the main communication channel used by smallholder farmers to receive CI via SMS, voice message, internet, or on a platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims High diet quality is related to better health outcomes in general. During pregnancy, a high-quality diet is of paramount importance to promote optimal maternal and neonatal outcomes. This is a scoping review of research available on diet quality indexes (DQIs) for use during pregnancy that summarizes the DQIs in terms of development, country of origin, population used, components, scoring and weighting of components, and evaluation. Furthermore, the DQIs are discussed narratively to inform and direct the development of improved and country-specific DQIs for pregnancy. Methods The EBSCOhost database was used to identify English-language, peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2023, from which 11 publications were identified that describe the development of pregnancy-specific DQIs. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews model. Results Almost all DQIs (n = 9 of 11) were developed in high-income countries, using dietary intake data from food frequency questionnaires. Several DQIs (n = 5 of 11) used the US Healthy Eating Index as basis and modified it in various ways. Almost all DQIs included both foods and nutrients as components (n = 9 of 11), with vegetables being the most commonly included component alone (n = 8 of 11) or combined with fruit (n = 2 of 11). Conclusion Because most DQIs were developed using dietary guidelines, recommendations, and dietary intake data from high-income countries, it is recommended that pregnancy-specific DQIs be developed and validated to reflect the nutrition guidelines for lower-income and culturally diverse countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Non-Hispanic Black people (NHBP) have a three-fold higher rate of maternal mortality compared to other racial groups. Racial disparities in maternal morbidity are well-described; however, there are substantial differences in cultural, economic, and social determinants of health among racial groups. We thus sought to study the at-risk, non-Hispanic Black population as its own cohort to identify factors most associated with severe maternal morbidity (SMM). Study Design This is a population-based retrospective case–control study of all live births in the United States between 2017 and 2019 using birth records obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. The primary outcome for this study was to determine demographic, social, medical, and obstetric factors associated with maternal morbidity among NHBP who did and did not experience an SMM event. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio between each individual factor and the outcome of SMM among NHBP. Results Of the 1,624,744 NHBP who delivered between 2017 and 2019, 1.1% experienced an SMM event defined as a composite of blood product transfusion, eclamptic seizure, intensive care unit admission, unplanned hysterectomy, and uterine rupture. The rates of these individual SMM events per 10,000 deliveries were 50, 40, 20, 5, and 4 among NHBP, respectively. Among NHBP, factors associated in multivariable regression analysis with SMM in order of strength of association included cesarean delivery, earlier gestational age at delivery, preeclampsia, induction of labor, chronic hypertension, prior preterm birth, lower educational attainment, multifetal gestation, advanced maternal age, pregestational diabetes, and cigarette smoking. The population attributable fraction for cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disease for the outcome of SMM were 0.46, 0.23, and 0.07, respectively. Conclusion The three factors most associated with SMM among NHBP are potentially avoidable or modifiable by aggressive screening, prevention, and treatment of preeclampsia and preterm birth as well as reducing cesarean rates in this population. Key Points The rate of SMM in NHBP may be modifiable. NHBP have a three-fold higher rate of maternal mortality. Preeclampsia, preterm birth, and cesarean sections are most associated with maternal morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of health apps and wearables has garnered substantial academic attention, particularly in examining why individuals decide to use or not use them. In response to the extensive body of research on this topic, we conducted a scoping review of 61 articles published from 2007 to 2022, aiming to examine the dominant theoretical frameworks and antecedents of health apps and wearables use. The findings demonstrated that the dominant theoretical frameworks within this domain were rooted in the human-computer interaction theories, notably the Technology Acceptance Model and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Next, our review identified four levels of antecedents: technological, individual, societal, and policy. At the technological level, emphasis was placed on functionality, reliability, and technological infrastructure. Individual antecedents encompassed socio-demographics, personality traits, cognitive responses to benefits and risks, emotional and affective responses, self-efficacy, and digital literacy. Societal antecedents highlighted the role of social networks and social norms, while policy antecedents elaborated on laws, regulations, and guidelines that encouraged health technology adoption. Our discussion illuminated that the evolving trend of theoretical frameworks in health apps and wearables use research, initially rooted in human-computer interaction, is progressively moving toward more comprehensive perspectives. We further underscored the importance of delving into societal and policy antecedents, which often are overshadowed by the more commonly discussed technological and individual factors. In conclusion, we advocated for a multi-stakeholder collaborative network approach, as this would enable communication researchers to understand the use of health apps and wearables more comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research on parental information literacy focuses on parents' ability to evaluate information. This approach does not account for conflicting or unwanted information and obscures the emotional impact of unsought information. We aimed to (1) document the sources women use most frequently for accessing breastfeeding information, (2) explore the reasons women choose some sources over others, (3) test the relationship between source characteristics and breastfeeding self-efficacy, and (4) determine the extent to which four source characteristics – competence, trustworthiness, goodwill, and social support – predict breastfeeding self-efficacy. This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase consisted of interviews and focus groups, which we analyzed inductively using a grounded theory approach. In phase two, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of women who were currently breastfeeding, collecting data on the source credibility and social support associated with the source they use most frequently and the participants' breastfeeding self-efficacy. We used multiple regression to analyze our survey data. The frequency with which our participants encountered conflicting and unsought prompted them to view sources that combine expertise and social support as ideal. However, these sources are often difficult to access, leading to a reliance on online sources. This compromise has implications for breastfeeding tenure, as both competence and social support predicted breastfeeding self-efficacy. This study demonstrates how emotional aspects of information seeking shape women's preferred sources, how accessibility limits the use of preferred sources, and how source competence and social support influence breastfeeding self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fertility information is an important component of comprehensive sexuality education, but the extent to which adolescents are taught or informed about fertility is unknown in Australia. This study examined knowledge of fertility using an anonymous, online survey of > 2,600 adolescents aged 15–18 across Australia. Respondents represented diverse backgrounds, including sexuality and gender diversity (>60% identifying other than heterosexual, 17% gender identity other than man/woman). Average knowledge of fertility was significantly poorer compared to average knowledge of reproductive and sexual health content linked to the national curriculum (p <.001). Linear regression and LASSO variable selection modelling identified significant, but small associations between some sociodemographic factors and knowledge about fertility or overall reproductive and sexual health. Over 80% of respondents considered their sexual health education insufficient, which was associated with poorer knowledge on all outcomes measured in linear regression models. These findings suggest that including fertility content explicitly within the Australian national curriculum will likely increase adolescent understanding of fertility. The strong participation of the adolescent LGBTQ+ community in the survey demonstrates their interest in contributing to reproductive and sexual health education reform. Inclusivity, particularly of sexuality and gender should be a key consideration in reproductive and sexual health education delivery in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various studies have demonstrated how the discrimination and violence experienced by LGBT+ children and young people affect their mental health and quality of life. Training for professionals working with children and young people is a key means of helping them provide the necessary support to LGBT+ children and youth people, for handling any violence that may occur in their immediate environment, as well as for empowering them. This article discusses changes in the attitudes, beliefs and practices of professionals working with children and young people following their participation in a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) delivered through the online platform of the University of Girona. Two surveys were carried out with the participants – the first at the beginning of the course, and the second at the end – in order to evaluate possible changes. Participants' attitudes, beliefs and practices regarding sexuality and gender diversity in childhood improved, even when taking into account the fact that many began from an initial position of support. The use of MOOC training has value, given the need to engage with sexuality and gender diversity as part of formal training for a variety of professionals working with children and young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present survey research investigated older people's volunteering competency relating to social inequality by exploring the latent ability profile and demographic correlates of 1,000 older volunteers in 73 community care centersin southern Taiwan. Older volunteers were classified into advanced (n = 509), basic (n = 214), and novice (n = 277) groups. Demographics examined included: individualistic characteristics (religious beliefs), resources (education; number of chronic diseases), andsocial factors (serving area and spoken language, volunteering duration, marital status, and gender). Apparent inequality issues were revealed. The advanced group was better educated, Mandarin-speaking, and in urban areas. while the novice group featured the opposite (lower education Taiwanese-speaking suburban areas). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on mental health, especially among young people. A cross-sectional study was carried out (N = 450, mean age = 24) using an online questionnaire from march to may 2022 collecting different sociodemographic and clinical variables. The 42.2% of the sample presented symptoms of depression, 41.6% of anxiety, and 21.1% of stress. 8.9% of the young people reported suicide attempts, while 39.1% declared having had suicidal ideation. Youth with lower socioeconomic status reported worse symptomatology and higher rates of suicidal ideation and behaviour. The main predictor of suicide was depression, along with lower socioeconomic status and being male in more severe cases. Depression and anxiety were associated variables in cases with a history of suicide attempts. More attention needs to be paid to the mental health of young people, especially those with worse socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms. Possible measures to address the problem are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and types of harm to children from others' drinking in Australia, as indicated by caregivers, and examine socio‐demographic characteristics of caregivers who indicated a child was affected by others' drinking. Design, setting, participants and measurements: A subsample of 854 adult respondents, who were caregivers of children under 18 years from the 2021 Australian Alcohol's Harm to Others study, were asked questions about whether children in their care had been negatively affected by others' drinking in the past year. Weighted prevalence estimates of overall and specific harms to children are presented. Logistic regressions were conducted to determine characteristics associated with indicating harms to children from others' drinking. Findings: Over 17% of caregivers (95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.0–19.0) indicated that one or more children in their care had been affected by others' drinking in the past 12 months. Verbal abuse (6.2%; 95% CI = 4.3–8.3) was the most common harm indicated, followed by financial harm (4.3%; 95% CI = 2.7–6.2). One percent of caregivers (95% CI = 0.4–2.3) indicated a child was physically hurt and less than 1% (95% CI = 0.2–1.4) indicated a child was the subject of a child protection call due to someone's drinking. Women and caregivers over 65 years were more likely to indicate a child had been affected compared with men and caregivers under 65 years. Caregivers who drank five or more drinks at least three times per week were four times more likely to indicate a child was affected compared with abstainers. Living in a household with someone who drinks heavily and who had negatively affected the child's caregiver was associated with an increased likelihood of child harm. Conclusions: In 2021, a weighted survey estimate for caregivers in Australia indicated that almost one in six children had been affected by others' drinking. Heavier drinking of caregivers and other household members was the most substantial predictor for indicating a child had been negatively affected by others' drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To estimate the strength of association between psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders (SUD), and cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) during early pregnancy. Design: Observational study. Setting: Kaiser Permanente Northern California, USA. Participants: 299 496 pregnancies from 227 555 individuals screened for cannabis use by self‐report and a urine toxicology test at entrance to prenatal care in Kaiser Permanente Northern California during January 2011–December 2021 (excepting year 2020). The sample was 62.5% non‐White, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 31.1 (5.5) years; 6.8% used cannabis; 0.2% had a CUD. Measurements: Exposure variables included electronic health record‐based psychiatric diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity, anxiety, bipolar, depressive, personality, posttraumatic stress and psychotic disorders; and alcohol, opioid, stimulant and tobacco use disorders, during the two years prior to pregnancy up to the day before the prenatal substance use screening date. Outcome variables were any cannabis use, frequency of self‐reported cannabis use and CUD during early pregnancy. Findings Psychiatric disorder prevalence ranged from 0.2% (psychotic) to 14.3% (anxiety), and SUD ranged from 0.3% (stimulant/opioid) to 3.8% (tobacco). Psychiatric disorders were associated with cannabis use and CUD, with the strongest association for any use found for bipolar disorder (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.53–3.17) and the strongest association for CUD found for psychotic disorders (aOR = 10.01, 95% CI = 6.52–15.37). SUDs were associated with cannabis use and CUD, with the strongest association for any use found for tobacco use disorder (aOR = 4.03, 95% CI = 3.82–4.24) and the strongest association for CUD found for stimulant use disorder (aOR = 21.99, 95% CI = 16.53–29.26). Anxiety, bipolar, depressive disorders and tobacco use disorder were associated with greater odds of daily than monthly or less cannabis use. Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders appear to be associated with elevated odds of any and frequent cannabis use as well as cannabis use disorder during early pregnancy. In most cases, the associations with cannabis outcomes were stronger for substance use disorders than other psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite known inequalities, little is understood about the burden and healthcare experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children who sustain a burn injury and their families. The Coolamon Study recruited parents and carers whose children (aged <16 years) were Aboriginal and / or Torres Strait Islander children and had presented to burn units across four Australian states, New South Wales (Sydney), Northern Territory (Darwin), Queensland (Brisbane, Townsville) and South Australia (Adelaide), between 2015 and 2018. Consent was obtained and carers completed baseline and subsequent interviews at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Data were collected on the injury event, patient care and safety, sociodemographic factors, health related quality of life (PedsQual), and psychological distress (Kessler K-5). Of the 208 participants, 64 % were male; 26 % were aged less than 2 years and 37 % aged 2–4 years. The most common burn mechanisms were scalds (37 %), contact (33 %) and flame burns (21 %), with more severe burns and flame burns occurring in rural and remote settings. Most carers rated their child's care as either excellent or very good (82 %). Family distress, measured by the K-5, lessened over the 24 months, however the changes were not statistically significant. While 77 % of carers reported that they received enough information, 18 % reported they would have liked more, and 3 % reported no information was provided before treatment. Parents described mixed access to information about the types of support available to them, such as accommodation, meals, travel or cultural support. Data from this cohort provide rich new information about risk factors and care received from point of injury through to rehabilitation for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with burns, providing unique insights into what is needed for appropriate, culturally safe care. • Severe burns and flame burns were more common in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from rural and remote regions. • Better burns support programs and strategies are needed for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families. • Community centric gold standard burns first aid support is urgently needed for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families. • Integration of Aboriginal Health Workers into multidisciplinary burns teams is needed for culturally safe and responsive care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental condition and is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Research suggests that some populations, such as females and individuals with high intelligence quotients may be a risk for late ADHD diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Our goal is to advance our understanding of ADHD diagnosis, by examining (1) how child sex and cognitive abilities together are related to the age of diagnosis and (2) whether symptom presentation, current internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and demographic factors are related to age of diagnosis. Methods: Our analyses contained children who completed the required tests (N = 568) from a pre‐existing dataset of 1380 children with ADHD from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders (POND) Network (pond‐network.ca). First, we conducted a moderation analysis with sex as the predictor, cognitive abilities as the moderator, and age of diagnosis as the outcome. Second, we conducted correlation analyses examining how symptom presentation, current internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and demographic factors are related to age of diagnosis. Results: Higher IQ was related to a later age of diagnosis. Higher hyperactive–impulsive symptoms and externalizing symptoms were related to an earlier age of diagnosis. Internalizing symptoms were trend associated with a later age of diagnosis in girls. Higher socioeconomic status and non‐White maternal ethnicity were related to later age of diagnosis. Conclusions: IQ, sex, ADHD symptomology, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and socio‐demographic factors affect the age of diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the dynamic landscape of healthcare, nurses play a crucial role as ethical stewards, responsible for whistleblowing, nurse advocacy, and patient safety. Their duties involve ensuring patient well-being through ethical practices and advocacy initiatives. Aim: This study investigates the ethical responsibilities of nurses regarding whistleblowing and advocacy in reporting concerns about patient safety. Research Design: A cross-sectional study utilized cluster and simple random sampling to gather a representative sample of actively practicing registered nurses. Data collection involved a demographic form, Nurse Whistleblowing Intentions Scale, Nursing Advocacy Scale, and Clinical Decision-Making Scale. Participants and Research Context: The study utilizing a robust sample size determination formula for reliable findings included 96 diverse nurses, predominantly females. Engaged actively in direct patient care across various outpatients clinics. The recruitment process specifically sought individuals with expertise in safety protocols and reporting, contributing to a nuanced understanding of the study's focus. Ethical Considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the university and the hospitals involved. Written consent was obtained from the participants. A thorough ethical review was conducted to guarantee participant protection and adherence to ethical principles. Results: Surveyed nurses demonstrated positive whistleblowing (Overall Mean Score: 3.58), high advocacy (Overall Mean Score: 12.2), and nuanced ethical decision-making for patient safety (Overall Mean Score: 15.78). Demographic factors, such as nationality and ethical training, significantly impacted whistleblowing intentions, while age, gender, and ethical training correlated with nursing advocacy behavior. Associations with experience and qualification emerged in ethical decision-making. Conclusion: The gained insights foster targeted interventions, improving ethical practices, advocacy, and informed decision-making in nursing. This study explores the intricate link between demographics and ethical considerations among surveyed nurses, acting as a catalyst for ongoing initiatives to strengthen the ethical foundation in healthcare sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health‐related decision‐making is a complex process given the variability of treatment options, conflicting treatment plans, time constraints and variable outcomes. This complexity may result in patients experiencing decisional regret following decision‐making. Nonetheless, literature on decisional regret in the healthcare context indicates inconsistent characterization and operationalization of this concept. Aim(s): To conceptually define the phenomenon of decisional regret and synthesize the state of science on patients' experiences with decisional regret. Design: A concept analysis. Methods: Rodgers' evolutionary method guided the conceptualization of this review. An interdisciplinary literature search was conducted from 2003 until 2023 using five databases, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science. The search informed how the concept manifested across health‐related literature. We used PRISMA‐ScR checklist to guide the reporting of this review. Results: Based on the analysis of 25 included articles, a conceptual definition of decisional regret was proposed. Three defining attributes underscored the negative cognitive‐emotional nature of this concept, post‐decisional experience relating to the decision‐making process, treatment option and/or treatment outcome and an immediate or delayed occurrence. Antecedents preceding decisional regret comprised initial psychological or emotional status, sociodemographic determinants, impaired decision‐making process, role regret, conflicting treatment plans and adverse treatment outcomes. Consequences of this concept included positive and negative outcomes influencing quality of life, health expectations, patient‐provider relationship and healthcare experience appraisal. A conceptual model was developed to summarize the concept's characteristics. Conclusion: The current knowledge on decisional regret is expected to evolve with further exploration of this concept, particularly for the temporal dimension of regret experience. This review identified research, clinical and policy gaps informing our nursing recommendations for the concept's evolution. No Patient or Public Contribution: This concept analysis examines existing literature and does not require patient‐related data collection. The methodological approach does not necessitate collaboration with the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the prevalence and impact of economic abuse by an intimate partner in the population? Does experience of economic abuse compound the effects of other intimate partner violence (IPV) types on women's mental health and financial wellbeing? This study used a population-based and representative sample of 1,431 ever-partnered New Zealand women to explore associations between their experience of economic abuse and a range of mental health and financial outcomes. Logistic regression was conducted, and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs) were reported. Overall, 15% of ever-partnered women experienced any economic abuse, with the most prevalent act "refused to give money for household expenses," reported by 8.8% of the sample. Women who experienced economic abuse presented increased risk for poor mental health (AORs ranging from 2.59 for poor mental health to 4.89 for having a diagnosed health mental health condition) and financial insecurity outcomes (AORs ranging from 3.09 for receiving government benefits to 4.72 for experiencing food insecurity) compared with women who experienced no IPV or women who had experienced any IPV (physical, sexual, psychological or controlling behavior) excluding economic abuse. Findings suggest that economic abuse may compound effects of IPV and highlight the importance of acknowledging and addressing economically abusive behaviors and their long-term detrimental impact on women's mental health and financial security. Implementing wider forms of safety planning that address issues of economic independence and security, and social support are needed to augment plans that focus on physical safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan has a significant occurrence of both consanguineous marriages and intimate partner violence (IPV), which may be interlinked. The practice of consanguineous marriages could potentially influence women to rationalize and accept instances of IPV. Such attitudes perpetuate a culture of violence against women, creating difficulties for victims to reject or escape from it. Pakistan has high prevalence rate of consanguineous marriages and IPV. However, no research has been done to explain the difference in acceptance of IPV between women in consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages. This study used Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey data and applied association tests, logistic regression, and the Fairlie decomposition analysis. The Fairlie decomposition helps us identify the relative contribution of different socioeconomic factors in the inequalities in IPV between the two types of marriages. Five dimensions of wife-beating justification are used as outcome variables. Age, education, and empowerment of women, husband education, woman witness parental violence, region, place of residence, and household wealth status are used as independent variables. The logistic regression results indicated that women in consanguineous marriages of younger age and who witnessed parental violence are more likely to justify wife-beating than those who belong to wealthy households and enjoy more empowerment. Compared to the Punjab province, women residing in Sindh and Baluchistan are less likely and in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province are more likely to justify wife-beating. The Fairlie decomposition analysis shows that household wealth status, woman education, and empowerment are the main contributors in explaining the gap between the wife-beating justification of the two groups. The IPV gap can be reduced up to 77% if the distribution of women in different wealth quantiles of the consanguineous marriage group is identical to the non-consanguineous marriage group. Furthermore, woman education level is the second highest contributor. Consanguineous marriages are a prevalent cultural practice in Pakistan and are associated with several negative health and social outcomes. Addressing this issue requires a sustained and comprehensive effort by the government, civil society, and international partners, with a particular focus on women from poor households with less education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]