Search

Objective Study Design and Setting Results Conclusion This paper describes several automation tools and software that can be considered during evidence synthesis projects and provides guidance for their integration in the conduct of scoping reviews.The guidance presented in this work is adapted from the results of a scoping review and consultations with the JBI Scoping Review Methodology group.This paper describes several reliable, validated automation tools and software that can be used to enhance the conduct of scoping reviews. Developments in the automation of systematic reviews, and more recently scoping reviews, are continuously evolving. We detail several helpful tools in order of the key steps recommended by the JBI's methodological guidance for undertaking scoping reviews including team establishment, protocol development, searching, de‐duplication, screening titles and abstracts, data extraction, data charting, and report writing. While we include several reliable tools and software that can be used for the automation of scoping reviews, there are some limitations to the tools mentioned. For example, some are available in English only and their lack of integration with other tools results in limited interoperability.This paper highlighted several useful automation tools and software programs to use in undertaking each step of a scoping review. This guidance has the potential to inform collaborative efforts aiming at the development of evidence informed, integrated automation tools and software packages for enhancing the conduct of high‐quality scoping reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize, being a nutritious and multipurpose crop requires proper nutrition (N, P, and K) and standardization of sowing time to enhance productivity and profitability under changing climate scenario. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during monsoon season of 2021 and 2022 at agricultural farm, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, in split plot design with four fertilizer levels (125, 100, 75, and 50% recommended dose of fertilizers; RDF) in main plots and four sowing dates (15 and 30 of June and July) in subplots, replicated thrice. Maize sown on 30 June and fertilized with 125% RDF ensured higher growth attributes throughout crop growth. Besides, comparatively greater yield attributes as well as grain yield (8.22 t ha−1), stover yield (11.86 t ha−1), and harvest index (40.9%) were observed from that treatment combination, and it also recorded higher quality protein and nutrient uptakes but less residual soil fertility. Maize grown on 30 July under application of 50% RDF was the poorest yielder. Further, production economics and energy analysis showed similar trend and indicated that maize grown on 30 June under application of 125% RDF recorded maximum gross return (₹168275 ha−1), net return (₹109565 ha−1), and benefit-cost ratio (2.87) as well as energy output (269084 MJ ha−1) and net energy gain (250750.3 MJ ha−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncaria rhynchophylla is an important traditional herbal medicine in China, and the yield and quality of Uncaria rhynchophylla can be improved by suitable soil conditioners because of changing the soil properties. In this paper, Uncaria rhynchophylla associated alkaloids and soil microbial communities were investigated. The field experiment was set up with the following control group: (M1, no soil conditioner) and different soil conditioner treatment groups (M2, biomass ash; M3, water retention agent; M4, biochar; M5, lime powder and M6, malic acid). The results showed that M2 significantly increased the fresh and dry weight and the contents of isorhynchophylline, corynoxeine, isocorynoxeine, and total alkaloids. Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi were major bacterial phyla. Correlation analysis showed that fresh and dry weight was significantly positively correlated with Acidobacteria, while alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, phosphatase activity, fresh and dry weight, corynoxeine, and isocorynoxeine were significantly negatively correlated with Chloroflexi. The application of soil conditioner M2 increased the abundance of Acidobacteria and decreased the abundance of Chloroflexi, which contributed to improving the soil nutrient content, yield, and quality of Uncaria rhynchophylla. In summary, biomass ash may be a better choice of soil conditioner in Uncaria rhynchophylla growing areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Cold chain distribution with multiple links maintains low temperatures to ensure the quality of meat products, whereas temperature fluctuations during this are often disregarded by the industry. The present study simulated two distinct temperatures cold chain distribution processes. Quality indicators and high‐throughput sequencing were employed to investigate the effects of temperature fluctuations on the quality and microbial diversity of beef meatballs during cold chain distribution.Quality indicators revealed that temperature fluctuations during simulated cold chain distribution significantly (P < 0.05) exacerbated the quality deterioration of beef meatballs. High‐throughput sequencing demonstrated that temperature fluctuations affected the diversity and structure of microbial community. Lower microbial species abundance and higher microbial species diversity were observed in the temperature fluctuations group. Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas were identified as the dominant phylum and genus in beef meatballs, respectively, exhibiting faster growth rates and greater relative abundance under temperature fluctuations.The present study demonstrates that temperature fluctuations during simulated cold chain distribution can worsen spoilage and shorten the shelf life of beef meatballs. It also offers certain insights into the spoilage mechanism and preservation of meat products during cold chain distribution. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freezing is a crucial step in the process of frozen foods. In this study, the effects of different freezing methods, including liquid nitrogen immersion freezing (LF), quick‐freezing machine freezing (QF), packaging immersion freezing (PF), and ultralow temperature refrigerator freezing (UF), and freezing time (0, 15, 30, and 60 days) on the textural properties, dynamic rheological properties, water distribution, and structure of dough and the quality of end steamed bread were evaluated. Freezing resulted in a decline in the physicochemical properties of dough. UF‐ and QF‐doughs had higher storage modulus and loss modulus, compared with PF‐ and LF‐doughs. LF enhanced the textural attributes of the dough, resulting in reduced hardness and increased springiness. At 15 days of freezing, QF‐ and LF‐doughs exhibited a compact and continuous structure with a smooth surface. Additionally, the correlation analysis elucidated that the weight loss rate and the bound water content of the dough had discernible impacts on the texture of both the dough and the resulting steamed bread. Overall, LF demonstrated a relatively high freezing efficiency and effectively maintained the quality of the dough for up to 15 days of freezing. These results offer valuable insights for the applications of freezing methods and time in frozen foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol can be provided up to 63 days' gestation in India. This accounts for 67.5 percent of all abortions in the country. We conducted an assessment to determine the availability of medical abortion medicines, specifically the combi-pack, in India. Methods: We applied the World Health Organization landscape assessment protocol at the national level. The assessment protocol included a five-step adaptation of an existing availability framework, including online data collection, desk review, country-level key informant interviews, and an analysis to identify barriers and opportunities to improve medical abortion availability. The assessment was conducted between August and March 2021. Results: Medicines for medical abortion are included in the national essential drug list and available with prescription in India. The assessment identified 42 combi-pack products developed by 35 manufacturers. The quality of medical abortion medicines is regulated by national authorities; but as health is devolved to states, there are significant inter-state variations. This is seen across financing, procurement, manufacturing, and monitoring mechanisms for quality assurance of medical abortion medicines prior to distribution. There is a need to strengthen supply chain systems, ensure consistent availability of trained providers and build community awareness on use of medical abortion medicines for early abortions, at the time of the assessment. Conclusion: Opportunities to improve availability and quality of medical abortion medicines exist. For example, uniform implementation of regulatory standards, greater emphasis on quality-assurance during manufacturing, and standardizing of procurement and supply chain systems across states. Regular in-service training of providers on medical abortion is required. Finally, innovations in evidence dissemination and community engagement about the recently amended abortion law are needed. Plain language summary: Medical abortion is popular in India and benefits from a liberal legal context. It is important to understand the availability of quality abortion medicines in the country. Using the World Health Organization country assessment protocol and availability framework for medical abortion medicines we examined the availability of these medicines from supply to demand. We used this information to identify opportunities for increasing availability of quality-assured medical abortion medicines. We found that the context for medical abortion varies across states. Strengthening procurement and supply chain management, with a greater emphasis on quality-assurance and regulation of manufacturing should be instituted at the state-level. Training is also needed to increase provider knowledge of the latest national guidelines and laws to ensure respectful and person-centered services. Finally, the public should be informed about medical abortion as a safe and effective choice, especially for early abortions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol can be provided up to 63 days' gestation in India. This accounts for 67.5 percent of all abortions in the country. We conducted an assessment to determine the availability of medical abortion medicines, specifically the combi-pack, in India. Methods: We applied the World Health Organization landscape assessment protocol at the national level. The assessment protocol included a five-step adaptation of an existing availability framework, including online data collection, desk review, country-level key informant interviews, and an analysis to identify barriers and opportunities to improve medical abortion availability. The assessment was conducted between August and March 2021. Results: Medicines for medical abortion are included in the national essential drug list and available with prescription in India. The assessment identified 42 combi-pack products developed by 35 manufacturers. The quality of medical abortion medicines is regulated by national authorities; but as health is devolved to states, there are significant inter-state variations. This is seen across financing, procurement, manufacturing, and monitoring mechanisms for quality assurance of medical abortion medicines prior to distribution. There is a need to strengthen supply chain systems, ensure consistent availability of trained providers and build community awareness on use of medical abortion medicines for early abortions, at the time of the assessment. Conclusion: Opportunities to improve availability and quality of medical abortion medicines exist. For example, uniform implementation of regulatory standards, greater emphasis on quality-assurance during manufacturing, and standardizing of procurement and supply chain systems across states. Regular in-service training of providers on medical abortion is required. Finally, innovations in evidence dissemination and community engagement about the recently amended abortion law are needed. Plain language summary: Medical abortion is popular in India and benefits from a liberal legal context. It is important to understand the availability of quality abortion medicines in the country. Using the World Health Organization country assessment protocol and availability framework for medical abortion medicines we examined the availability of these medicines from supply to demand. We used this information to identify opportunities for increasing availability of quality-assured medical abortion medicines. We found that the context for medical abortion varies across states. Strengthening procurement and supply chain management, with a greater emphasis on quality-assurance and regulation of manufacturing should be instituted at the state-level. Training is also needed to increase provider knowledge of the latest national guidelines and laws to ensure respectful and person-centered services. Finally, the public should be informed about medical abortion as a safe and effective choice, especially for early abortions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are the backbone of anti-malarial vector control in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Over recent years the quality and performance of ITNs delivered to PNG decreased, which has likely contributed to the stagnation in the malaria control effort in the country. The present study reports results from the first 24 months of a durability study with the ITN product Yahe LN® in PNG. Methods: The durability study was conducted in four villages on the northern coast of PNG, in an area with high malaria parasite transmission, following WHO-recommended methodology adapted to the local scenario. A cohort of n = 500 individually identifiable Yahe® ITNs was distributed by the PNG National Malaria Control Programme from October to December 2021. Insecticidal efficacy of the ITNs was tested using cone bioassays with fully pyrethroid susceptible Anopheles farauti colony mosquitoes at baseline and at 6 months intervals, alongside evaluation of physical integrity and the proportion of ITNs lost to follow-up. A questionnaire was used to collect information on ITN end user behaviour, such as the frequency of use and washing. The observations from the durability study were augmented with simulated laboratory wash assays. Results: Gradual uptake and replacement of previous campaign nets by the communities was observed, such that at 6 months 45% of all newly distributed nets were in use in their designated households. Insecticidal efficacy of the Yahe® nets, expressed as the percent 24 h mortality in cone bioassays decreased from 91 to 45% within the first 6 months of distribution, even though > 90% of study nets had never been washed. Insecticidal efficacy decreased further to < 20% after 24 months. ITNs accumulated physical damage (holes) at a rate similar to previous studies, and 35% were classified as 'too torn' by proportional hole index after 24 months. ITNs were lost to follow-up such that 61% of cohort nets were still present after 24 months. Laboratory wash assays indicated a rapid reduction in insecticidal performance with each consecutive wash such that average 24 h mortality was below 20% after 10 washes. Conclusion: Yahe® ITNs are not performing as per label claim in an area with fully pyrethroid susceptible vectors, and should be investigated more comprehensively and in other settings for compliance with currently recommended durability and efficacy thresholds. The mass distribution of low quality ITN products with variable performance is one of the major ongoing challenges for global malaria control in the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analysed the full text of all journal articles returned to the education subpanel of the 2021 Research Excellence Framework (REF2021). Using a latent Dirichlet allocation topic model, we identified 35 topics that collectively summarise the journal articles that research units, typically schools of education, selected for submission. We found that the topics which units wrote about in their submitted articles collectively explained a large proportion (84.1%) of the variance in the quality assessments they received from the REF's expert peer review process. Further, with the important caveat that we cannot attribute causality, we found that there were strong associations between what the subpanel perceived to be excellent research and the adoption of particular methods or approaches. Most notably, units that returned more interview‐based work typically received lower scores, and those which returned more analyses of large‐scale data and meta‐analyses typically received higher scores. Finally, we applied our 2021 model to articles submitted to the previous exercise, REF2014. We found that education research seems to have become less qualitative and more quantitative over time, and that our 2021 model could successfully predict the scores assigned by the REF2014 subpanel, suggesting a reasonable degree of between‐exercise consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Materials and Methods Results Conclusion In Japan, cord blood transplantations exceed those done with adult‐sourced unrelated stem cells. This study analyses cord blood (CB) storage criteria to maintain high‐quality CB units.The Kanto‐Koshinetsu Cord Blood Bank received 29,795 units from 2014 to 2021, mostly >60 mL, and 5486 (18.4%) were stored as transplantable units. We investigated the mother's gestational period, CB volume, total nucleated cells (TNCs), CD34+ cells, total colony‐forming units (CFUs), time from collection to reception and cryopreservation, cell viability, and the reasons for not storing a unit.The average time from collection to reception of 29,795 units was 18.0 h. The most common reason for not storing a CB unit was low cell numbers (pre‐processing TNC count <1.2 billion), accounting for 67.9% of the units received. There was no correlation between the CB volume and the CD34+ cell count. The shorter the gestational period, the lower the TNC count, but the higher the CD34+ cell count. There was no correlation between the time from collection to cryopreservation, within a 36‐h time limit, and the CD34+ cell recovery rate.We could accept units with a TNC count <1.2 billion and a CB volume <60 mL from a gestational period of 38 weeks or less if we did a pre‐processing CD34+ cell count. This would secure more units rich in CD34+ cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent data highlight the internet's pivotal role as the primary information source for patients. In this study, we emulate a patient's/caregiver's quest for online information concerning chest deformities and assess the quality of available information. Methods: We conducted an internet search using combination of the terms "pectus excavatum," "pectus excavatum surgery," "funnel chest," "pectus excavatum repair" and identified the first 100 relevant websites from the three most popular search engines: Google, Yahoo, and Bing. These websites were evaluated using the modified Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) instrument. Results: Of the 300 websites generated, 140 (46.7%) were included in our evaluation after elimination of duplicates, non-English websites, and those targeting medical professionals. The EQIP scores in the final sample ranged from 8 to 32/36, with a median score of 22. Most of the evaluated websites (32.8%) originated from hospitals, yet none met all 36 EQIP criteria. Discussion: None of the evaluated websites pertaining to pectus excavatum achieved a flawless "content quality" score. The diverse array of websites potentially complicates patients' efforts to navigate toward high-quality resources. Barriers in accessing high-quality online patient information may contribute to disparities in referral, patient engagement, treatment satisfaction, and overall quality of life. Level of evidence: IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just a mystery box? Curtain wall of the Ronald O. Perelman Center of Performing Arts in New York A new New York landmark – the Ronald O. Perelman Center for the Performing Arts – rises in stony elegance alongside the World Trade Center. A unique, four‐sided facade of 7200 m2 encloses the ascetic, box‐shaped building. Rolled structural steel beams, split in two locations, were used for this purpose. Lap joint plates, secured with countersunk screw connections are mounted on the roof in order to comply with the architectural intention. All strap joints are designed at the limit of feasible edge distances and without raised contours, in order to bridge the substantial tolerance jump between the massive main structure and the filigree facade. But what questions arise when planning and manufacturing such an exposed building envelope? For steel production, the team not only had to overcome bureaucratic hurdles between DIN and ASTM/AWS, but also met the highest requirements for assembly quality, since all visible areas are mercilessly exposed. A first test setup in Germany helped to unmask significant pitfalls. The identified tolerances in the holes could be minimized in the structure with noteworthy precision and attention to detail. Thanks to this effort, almost 5000 individual glass panes, mounted on mega panels, reached their individual and pre‐planned final positions on the building surface – a logistics chain from the quarry where the marble stone was cut to the construction site in Lower Manhattan. Only the following essay shows where the devil is in the detail of such an architecturally challenging project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) introduced a Quality Management Audits in Nuclear Medicine (QUANUM) programme, to improve nuclear medicine practice standards aligned with international standards through self‐assessments. The absence of quality management audits in nuclear medicine departments could potentially result in a compromise in the safety and quality of patient care. To date, there is no evidence that quality audits have been conducted in nuclear medicine departments of this middle‐income country. This quality audit, therefore, assessed conformance to the IAEA QUANUM programme in four nuclear medicine departments. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative methodological exploratory approach. The IAEA QUANUM programme was used to audit nuclear medicine services' overall activity such as clinical practice, management, radiopharmacy, general and radiation safety, quality assurance, operations and services. The data was collected via document analysis in four nuclear medicine department identified as Sites A–D. Results: Overall results showed that Site A conformed with 247 out of 370 (67%) counts and non‐conformed with 123 out of 370 (33%) counts whilst Site B conformed with 205 out of 342 (60%) counts and non‐conformed with 137 out of 342 counts (40%). Site C conformed with 259 out of 345 (75%) counts and non‐conformed with 86 out of 345 (25%) counts. Site D conformed with 166 out of 349 (48%) counts and non‐conformed with 183 out of 349 (52%) counts. The study yielded 125 overall recommendations. Conclusions: All the sites demonstrated good compliance to international standards in radionuclide therapy. Site A complied poorly in strategies and policies, whilst Site B complied poorly in quality control of equipment. Site C showed poor compliance to human resource development and Site D showed aspects pertaining to administration and management as well as evaluation of quality systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The approval of safe and effective LNP-mRNA vaccines during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is catalyzing the development of the next generation of mRNA therapeutics. Proper characterization methods are crucial for assessing the quality and efficacy of these complex formulations. Here, we show that analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) can measure, simultaneously and without any sample preparation step, the sedimentation coefficients of both the LNP-mRNA formulation and the mRNA molecules. This allows measuring several quality attributes, such as particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency and density of the formulation. The technique can also be applied to study the stability of the formulation under stress conditions and different buffers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The one-person technique (OPT) for colonoscope insertion is recommended by professional societies and regarded as standard practice. However, the two-person technique (TPT) has shown several advantages over the OPT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the TPT compared to the OPT. Methods: In this prospective study, consecutive individuals presenting for outpatient colonoscopy were randomized to undergo colonoscopy by OPT or by TPT. The colonoscopies were performed by six endoscopists, two of whom were beginners, two with intermediate skills, and two who were experts. The primary endpoints were quality indicators for colonoscopy, including adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation rate, cecal insertion time, and total colonoscopy time. A secondary outcome was procedure tolerability, as assessed by both the patients and the endoscopists. Results: Two hundred and four subjects (117 males, mean age 54.3) were randomized to either one- (n = 102) or two-person (n = 102) colonoscopy. The adenoma detection rate was 30.4% in OPT group and 34.3% in TPT group. (p = 0.55). No significant differences between the two groups were found in terms of cecal intubation rate (98/102 vs. 98/102), insertion time (411 vs. 381 s), and total examination time (1426 vs. 1296 s). However, patients receiving the TPT had lower pain scores than patients receiving the OPT. Endoscopist fatigue measured with the FACIT-F was also significantly lower in the TPT group. Conclusion: The two-person colonoscopy method was not shown to be technically or clinically inferior. Rather, the TPT can improve patient tolerance and reduce endoscopist fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), components with complex shapes or with functional properties can be produced, with advantages in the areas of resource conservation, lightweight construction, and load-optimized production. However, proving component quality is a challenge because it is not possible to produce 100% defect-free components. In addition to this, statistically determined fluctuations in the wire quality, gas flow, and their interaction with process parameters result in a quality of the components that is not 100% reproducible. Complex testing procedures are therefore required to demonstrate the quality of the components, which are not cost-effective and lead to less efficiency. As part of the project "3DPrintFEM", a sound emission analysis is used to evaluate the quality of AM components. Within the scope of the project, an approach was being developed to determine the quality of an AM part dependent not necessarily on its geometry. Samples were produced from WAAM, which were later cut and milled to precision. To determine the frequencies, the samples were put through a resonant frequency test (RFM). The unwanted modes were then removed from the spectrum produced by the experiments by comparing it with FEM simulations. Later, defects were introduced in experimental samples in compliance with the ISO 5817 guidelines. In order to create a database of frequencies related to the degree of the sample defect, they were subjected to RFM. The database was further augmented through frequencies from simulations performed on samples with similar geometries, and, hence, a training set was generated for an algorithm. A machine-learning algorithm based on regression modelling was trained based on the database to sort samples according to the degree of flaws in them. The algorithm's detectability was evaluated using samples that had a known level of flaws which forms the test dataset. Based on the outcome, the algorithm will be integrated into an equipment developed in-house to monitor the quality of samples produced, thereby having an in-house quality assessment routine. The equipment shall be less expensive than conventional acoustic equipment, thus helping the industry cut costs when validating the quality of their components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of çemen pastes prepared in different formulations on physicochemical, microbiological, and textural properties of hamburgers during refrigerated storage (4°C; 60 d). Çemen pastes were produced by using different combination doses of fenugreek seed flour, sweet red pepper, and garlic powder. As a result of çemen paste usage in hamburgers, cooking losses and dimensional shrinkage decreased, whereas moisture and fat retention ratios increased (p <.05). The hardness, gumminess, and chewiness values of hamburgers containing çemen paste were generally lower than those of control (p <.05). Çemen paste addition to hamburgers generally did not cause a difference in terms of microbial growth and moisture, fat and ash contents. Protein contents of hamburgers containing çemen paste or breadcrumbs were generally higher than that of control (p <.05). Çemen paste usage in hamburgers generally decreased the L* values and increased the b* values (p <.05). In general, addition of 3.5% or higher doses of both sweet red pepper and garlic powder caused higher a* values in hamburger patties (p <.05). Lower oxidation levels were generally observed in hamburgers containing 3% or lower doses of fenugreek seed flour and 4.5% of garlic powder in çemen paste (p <.05). It was concluded that çemen paste usage in hamburger patty processing has the potential to improve the quality characteristics and delay oxidative changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhizomania is one of the most destructive and damaging sugar beet diseases that has spread in different regions of Iran. In order to evaluate the genotypic, environmental, and genotype by environmental variability of sugar beet genotypes under rhizomania infection, variance components were estimated from the trial series in 7 years. Required data, such as yield and quality parameters, were collected from value for cultivation and use trials. Results of analysis of variance showed that the environment was the source that explained most of the variability, except for amino‐N and alkalinity. Quality traits were also influenced by the environment × cultivar interaction, so that 4.8% (white sugar content) to 46.1% (alkalinity) variance was observed. In contrast, genetic variation was much lower, between 1.2% (potassium) and 27.4% (amino‐N). A strong and negative correlation was found between root yield, sugar yield, and white sugar content with the disease index, which obviously illustrates the negative impact of the rhizomania on root weight and as a consequence on the dependent traits. The cluster analysis of the cultivars based on the quantitative and qualitative traits and the disease index showed that the range of variation in traits, such as the disease index, varied from 6.25 for the susceptible cultivar to 1.25 for the resistant one. This indicates the existence of sufficient genetic diversity among cultivars in terms of this trait. High impurity accumulation was observed in Shiraz region compared with Mashhad. In conclusion, it is observed that rhizomania has a significant effect on the impurity concentration in the root, especially sodium, potassium, and amino‐N. This is very important in the sugar industry because sugar extraction depends on the concentration of these impurities, in addition to the sugar content of each cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While most adult ERCPs are performed on an outpatient basis, pediatric ERCPs are typically performed on an inpatient basis, or with ERCP followed by at least one night inpatient admission. We have begun performing a substantial proportion of our pediatric ERCPs on an outpatient basis, using our clinical judgment to guide the decision process. In the present study, we compare patient characteristics, indications, and adverse events associated with outpatient vs. inpatient ERCP. Methods: Using our endoscopy database, we identified patients 18 years of age and under who underwent ERCP from 2019 to 2021. Demographics, hospitalization status, indications, findings, interventions, as well as available adverse event and clinical outcomes data were analyzed. Results: 147 ERCP procedures were performed during the study period by one of two interventional endoscopists. A subset of 51 (34.7%) patients underwent outpatient ERCP. Comparison of the two groups (outpatient vs. inpatient ERCP) was notable for no statistically significant difference in patient age, range of indications, or proportion of index vs. subsequent ERCP. Overall rates of ERCP-associated adverse events were low and there was no statistically significant difference between adverse events in patients who underwent outpatient vs. inpatient ERCP. Conclusion: We analyzed outpatient and inpatient pediatric ERCP patient demographics and ERCP characteristics to identify factors that guide decision to determine whether pediatric ERCPs are performed on an outpatient vs. inpatient basis. There was no significant difference in adverse events associated with outpatient vs. inpatient pediatric ERCPs, attesting to the safety of outpatient ERCP for this subset of patients in the studied context. This is an area worthy of future prospective and multi-center study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In micro-level data concerning the housing market, the apartment quality may be signaled via textual statements or the attached descriptions/photos. It may be done using hard information related to the easier-to-measure structural characteristics or soft information related to the apartment condition and design - soft quality. This paper checks whether the choice of the approach to handling the issue of soft quality of apartments influences the properties of hedonic models and the course of hedonic rent indices. The study shows that hedonic models that account for soft quality have better statistical properties than those without soft-quality-related variables. Among them, the models that include the information on quality extracted from descriptions of apartments prove to be the best. Still, considerable differences in the indicated course of hedonic rent indices have not been detected. However, the paper concludes that utilizing information on apartments' soft quality may be crucial to understanding the market adjustment process to economic shocks. It has been proven that the price reaction of the Poznań (Poland) rental market to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian aggression on Ukraine has been diversified in the quality-related market segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives We conducted the first Irish national study assessing the value of multidisciplinary team meeting review in pathology practice and its impact on error detection before treatment. Methods Public and private pathology laboratories across Ireland capture their quality activities using standardized codes and submit their data to a centralized database (National Quality Assurance Intelligence System) overseen by the National Histopathology Quality Improvement (NHQI) program. A total of 1,437,746 histopathology and cytopathology cases submitted to the NHQI program over a 60-month period (January 2017 to December 2021) were included in this study. Cases were analyzed with respect to multidisciplinary team meeting peer review and the presence of a revised report (amended or corrected report), a surrogate marker for error detection before treatment. Results Across all cases assessed, 13.74% (197,587) underwent multidisciplinary team meeting discussion. Cases discussed at review had a statistically significantly higher rate of revised reports (1.25% [2470]) than cases not discussed at review (0.16% [1959]) (Pearson χ2, 6619.26; P  < .0001; odds ratio, 8.00 [95% CI, 7.54-8.49]). Overall, multidisciplinary team meeting review made it 8 times more likely to detect an error before treatment. Cancer resections had the highest rate of review at 55.29% (46,806), reflecting the prioritization of oncology case discussion at review meetings. Conclusions The multidisciplinary team meeting review process plays a valuable role in pathology error detection. A pathologist's participation in the review process comes with a clinically significant workload that needs to be recognized for future workforce planning. This study highlighted the positive role pathologists play in enhancing patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the nursing shortage and the emergence of telehealth opportunities, the Oncology Nursing Society used an evidence-based approach to examine current literature and trends for the two-person independent double check of high-risk medications, such as chemotherapy, when one of those two individuals is working remotely. Analysis of available evidence suggests virtual technology for two-person independent double checks is feasible and may be equal to live two-person checks; however, lack of consistency and rigor in the interventions and outcome measures makes a determination on safety or efficacy challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used Actinidia arguta 'Kuilv' as raw material to produce wine by two different methods: whole pulp and clear juice fermentation. The basic physicochemical properties, nutrients, antioxidant capacity, volatile flavor compounds, and sensory evaluation of Actinidia arguta wine were detected. The results indicated that clear juice fermentation increased the ethanol content and color quality, and decreased the residual sugar content. Whole pulp fermentation reduced the total acid content and the total amount of organic acid and increased the pH value, antioxidant active ingredients, antioxidant activity, and the volatile flavor substances of the wine. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that citric acid and quinic acid were the main organic acids in the wine. Headspace gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC–IMS) analysis detected 55 volatile flavor compounds in the wine, including 26 esters, 13 alcohols, 10 aldehydes, 3 ketones, 1 acid, 1 terpene, and 1 pyrazine. Fourteen key volatile flavor substances were identified based on P-value < 0.05 and VIP value > 1: 2-pentanone, isoamyl alcohol, propionaldehyde, ethyl isobutyrate, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, butanal, butyl acetate, 2-heptanone, ethyl isovalerate, acetal M, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol M, ethyl butyrate, 1-penten-3-ol, octanal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the wheat response under late sowing (LS) and salinity stress (SS) are available, however, in rice-wheat and cotton-wheat cropping systems, wheat planting is often delayed resulting in co-occurrence of LS and SS in salt affected soils. This two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the influence of foliar application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) [thiourea (TU), salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); water and no application were taken as control] on the productivity, grain quality and economic returns of timely-sown (TS) and LS wheat under normal (NC) and natural saline conditions (SS; EC 11.27 dS m− 1). Delay in sowing and planting in naturally saline soils caused a significant decrease in plant growth, grain yield, grain quality and net economic returns during both years of study. Late planting and SS caused a significant reduction in grain yield reduction by 40.58% and 34.72% (LS) and 40.66% and 42.89% (SS) compared with respective controls during 2021 and 2022, respectively. However, the influence of co-occurrence of LS and SS was more devastating than the individual stress causing 62.17% and 60.18% reduction in grain yield than the respective control during 2021 and 2022, respectively. However, the application of all PGRs improved the grain yield, grain quality and economic turnover under SS and LS stress. The order of improvement in grain yield by the application of PGRs treatments was TU > SA > H2O2. In conclusion, the application of different plant growth regulators improved economic returns, grain yield and quality attributes of late-sown wheat under saline conditions. In this regard, TU application was the most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a major health issue in middle-income countries like Mexico. Multidisciplinary healthcare (MHC) models aim to improve diabetes care and reduce costs. However, the relationship between management practices, efficiency, and quality of care in MHC and traditional healthcare (THC) models is unclear. This study evaluates the efficiency and quality of diabetes healthcare models in Mexico, identifying associated management practices. Methodology. Data from a retrospective longitudinal analysis were used to compare 20 THC and 20 MHC. Technical efficiency (TE) scores were estimated using data envelopment analysis (DEA), quality scores were calculated based on provider competence and patient performance. The relationship between efficiency, quality, and management practices was analyzed using positive deviance regression. Results. DEA analysis indicate higher TE in MHC units (mean score: 65, SD = 19) compared to THC units (mean score: 24, SD = 23). MHC units scored 78.55 (SD = 18.71) in performance score, while THC units scored 37.7 (SD = 18.97). MHC units also outperformed THC units in competence scores (mean: 68.71, SD = 18.31 vs. 49.97, SD = 23.31). Several management practices were associated with best performance in terms of both efficiency and quality strategic thinking, human resource management, financial management, operations management, performance management, and governance. Conclusion. This study highlights the higher efficiency of MHC models in diabetes care compared to THC models in Mexico. However, both models require improvement in quality. Understanding the relationship between management practices, efficiency, and quality can guide policymakers in enhancing diabetes care in low- and middle-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Protein oxidation is widely present in food systems and is susceptible to internal factors involving lipids and enzymes as well as external factors such as temperature and oxygen promoters. Protein oxidation leads to modification of the peptide skeletons and amino acid side chains, which in turn alters the structural characteristics of proteins, including protein cleavage, aggregation and derivative formation, and severely affects their physicochemical properties and bioavailability, thereby reducing the edible and storage qualities of foods. This review summarises the main factors that cause and regulate oxidation of plant protein, the effects of protein oxidation on food quality and strategies to ameliorate protein over‐oxidation, aiming to provide meaningful information for the development of high‐quality plant protein products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Salmonella contamination of fish after harvest is a significant food safety risk. To control this risk, it was aimed to reduce Salmonella Enteritidis in sea bass by helium and air plasma. Considering that preserving the fresh properties of sea bass is important for industrial applicability, determining the sensory effects of plasma treatments was also aimed. Since air plasma would provide a cheaper and easier alternative to helium plasma, their effects were compared. Additionally, the in vitro effects of these treatments on Salmonella Enteritidis were also investigated. Air and helium plasma completely inhibited the initial load of S. Enteritidis (2.79 Log CFU) inoculated on agar surface after 10 min treatment. Then, the inoculated sea bass samples were exposed to air or helium plasma for durations ranging from 1 to 15 min. Air and helium plasma treatments for 10 min provided 0.90 log cfu g−1 and 1.13 Log CFU/g reductions, respectively, but longer treatments did not lead to further significant reductions. Sensory scores were all above 7 (good) when samples were treated with air or helium plasma for 1–10 min, but longer treatments resulted in lower scores. The reduction of S. Enteritidis and changes in sensory characteristics were interpreted together and it was concluded that 10 min of air or helium plasma provided maximum reduction without causing any significant sensory changes. Overall, the current study showed that atmospheric pressure air and helium plasmas can be useful for ensuring post‐harvest safety in the fish trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: For children with advanced cancer and their families, communication about prognosis is critical. Unfortunately, data demonstrate that prognostic communication occurs infrequently and inconsistently across advancing illness. Prior to developing an intervention to improve prognostic communication, we aimed to (1) characterize parent and oncologist perspectives on “best” approaches for prognostic communication, and (2) explore similarities and differences between parent and oncologist perspectives. Methods: Children with poor-prognosis solid tumors, their parents, and oncologists were followed prospectively for 24 months or until death. Matched semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents and oncologists 0–7 days after medical encounters at timepoints of disease progression or relapse. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted to describe parent and oncologist impressions of communication quality. Results: A total of 68 interviews were conducted following serial disease reevaluation encounters involving 13 parents and five oncologists. Nine main themes were identified as “best” approaches: (1) speaking with honesty and clarity, (2) leaving room for hope, (3) leaning into a long-standing relationship, (4) personalizing language, (5) empowering the patient and family, (6) collaborating with the multidisciplinary team, (7) providing anticipatory guidance, (8) setting the scene, and (9) creating a therapeutic space. Parents and oncologists generally agreed on themes related to helpful communication approaches, while parents more explicitly described communication pitfalls. Conclusion: Parents and oncologists described clear recommendations for helpful communication strategies and pitfalls to avoid during difficult prognostic disclosure. Future work should integrate patient perspectives in the design and testing of an intervention to improve prognostic communication in advanced childhood cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Short videos, crucial for disseminating health information on metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), lack a clear evaluation of quality and reliability. This study aimed to assess the quality and reliability of MASLD‐related videos on Chinese platforms. Methods: Video samples were collected from three platforms (TikTok, Kwai and Bilibili) during the period from November 2019 to July 2023. Two independent reviewers evaluated the integrity of the information contained therein by scoring six key aspects of its content: definition, epidemiology, risk factors, outcomes, diagnosis and treatment. The quality and reliability of the videos were assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) criteria, the Global Quality Score (GQS) and the modified DISCERN score. Results: A total of 198 videos were included. The video content exhibited an overall unsatisfactory quality, with a primary emphasis on risk factors and treatment, while diagnosis and epidemiology were seldom addressed. Regarding the sources of the videos, the GQS and modified DISCERN scores varied significantly between the platforms (p =.003), although they had generally similar JAMA scores (p =.251). Videos created by medical professionals differed significantly in terms of JAMA scores (p =.046) compared to those created by nonmedical professionals, but there were no statistically significant differences in GQS (p =.923) or modified DISCERN scores (p =.317). Conclusions: The overall quality and reliability of the videos were poor and varied between platforms and uploaders. Platforms and healthcare professionals should strive to provide more reliable health‐related information regarding MASLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of plain yogurt made from cow milk (n = 10) and its plant-based analog made from coconut flesh extract (n = 14). Coconut yogurt alternatives were divided into 2 experimental groups based on differences in their color, which were noted after the packages had been opened. The first group included products with a typical white color (n = 8), and the second group comprised products with a grayish pink color (n = 6) that developed as a result of oxidative processes. In comparison with its plant-based analog, plain yogurt was characterized by higher values of lightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and chroma (C*), higher titratable acidity, a higher content of retinol and α-tocopherol, higher nutritional value of fat, and lower values of water-holding capacity (WHC) and redness (a*). Plain yogurt had lower volatile acidity than its plant-based analog with a grayish pink color. A comparison of yogurt analogs with different colors revealed that the product with a grayish pink color was characterized by a lower value of L*, and higher values of a*, b*, C*, and pH. An analysis of its fatty acid profile demonstrated that it also had a higher proportion of C14:0 and C18:1 cis -9; higher total monounsaturated fatty acids content; a lower proportion of C10:0, C12:0, and C18:2; a lower total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and essential fatty acids; and a lower ratio of PUFA to saturated fatty acids. The yogurt analog with a grayish pink color had a lower total content of tocopherol isoforms than the remaining products. The yogurt analog with a white color had the highest WHC and γ-tocopherol content. Consumers should be aware of the fact that coconut yogurt alternatives may have nonstandard quality attributes. The differences between such products and yogurt made from cow milk should be explicitly communicated to consumers so that they could make informed purchasing decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mineralogy of some carbonate rocks from the Abakaliki Basin has been investigated to determine the depositional environment classification and assess the suitability of the rocks for application in geotechnical construction and industrial process systems. The method of investigation included field mapping and petrographic and geochemical techniques to characterize their field characteristics, mineral types and texture and chemical contents. Mapping revealed two lithologic units of sandstone and shale that associate with the carbonates in a similar sequence. The carbonates contain fossils and are composed of calcite, quartz and rockclasts. The grains have angular to sub-rounded sphericity and are dispersed in hetereolithic groundmass. The major oxide composition shows average value of 32.30wt% SiO2, 26.37wt% CaO, 7.23wt% MgO, 6.56wt% Fe2O3, 4.38wt% Al2O3, and 3.23wt% K2O + Na2O in decreasing order of abundance. Concentrations of trace elements are significantly higher (> 100 ppm) for V, Cr, Sr, Zr, Cu, Ba, Pb and Zn and comparatively lower for Sb, Ge, Ce, Y, As, Hg, Tiand Au. The studied rocks qualify as biomicrite or wackestone and range from dolomitic, through carbonaceous to siliceous limestone deposited in a wide spectrum of environment from shallow marine to transitional setting. The rocks are marginally suitable for use as aggregates due to the presence of deleterious contents of quartz and organics. For cement production, their low content of CaO, relatively high SiO2, comparatively high LOI and elevated abundances of contaminant heavy elements are major limitations. Similarly, in paper, plastic, paint, metallurgy and pharmaceutics, the rocks are unsuitable due to the constituent minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Design Methods Results Conclusion Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care The aim of the study is to develop a model using a machine learning approach that can effectively identify the quality of home care in communities.A cross‐sectional design.In this study, we evaluated the quality of home care in 170 community health service centres between October 2022 and February 2023. The Home Care Service Quality Questionnaire was used to collect information on home care structure, process and outcome quality. Then, an intelligent and comprehensive evaluation model was developed using a convolutional neural network, and its performance was compared with random forest and logistic regression models through various performance indicators.The convolutional neural network model was built upon seven variables, which encompassed the qualification of home nursing staff, developing and practicing emergency plan to cope with different emergency rescues in home environment, being equipped with medication and supplies for first aid according to specific situations, assessing nutrition condition of home patients, allocation of the number of home nursing staff, cases of new pressure ulcers and patient satisfaction rate. Remarkably, the convolutional neural network model demonstrated superior performance, outperforming both the random forest and regression models.The successful development and application of the convolutional neural network model highlight its ability to leverage data from community health service centres for rapid and accurate grading of home care quality. This research points the way to home care quality improvement.The model proposed in this study, coupled with the aforementioned factors, is expected to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of a comprehensive evaluation of home care quality. It will also help managers to take purposeful measures to improve the quality of home care.The reporting of this study (Observational, cross‐sectional study) conforms to the STROBE statement.No patient or public contribution.The application of this model has the potential to contribute to the advancement of high‐quality home care, particularly in lower‐middle‐income communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have been reported on the effect of planting years on fruit quality and soil of pear trees. In this study, four planting years (T5, T20, T30, and T40) of Cuiguan pears were used to analyze fruit quality, rhizosphere soil enzymes, and microbial diversity of pear trees, and their correlations. The results showed that the content of sucrose, reducing sugar and ascorbic acid in Cuiguan Pear showed a tendency of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of planting years, in which the highest content was found in 20- and 30-year-old fruits, and the highest content of total acid was found in 5-year-old fruits. Rhizosphere soil enzyme activities varied with planting year, with the highest protease activity in 20-year-old soil, phosphatase and urease in 30-year-old soil, polyphenol oxidase in 5-year-old soil, and sucrase in 40-year-old soil. The microbial diversity index and the number of OTUs showed an increasing and decreasing trend with the increase of planting years. Among the top 11 bacteria in pear rhizosphere soil average relative abundance, with Bradyrhizobium decreasing in relative abundance at the peak pear fruiting stages (T20 and T30), while Acidothermus showed an increasing trend in relative abundance with increasing planting years. RDA analysis showed that there were differences in the microbial community structure of pear trees at different planting years, and that both sucrose and reducing sugar contents in pears were positively correlated with T20 and T30, ascorbic acid content was positively correlated with T40, whereas the total acid content was positively correlated with T5, and that T20 was positively correlated with soil protease and phosphate mono esterase activities, and that T30 was positively correlated with polyphenol oxidase and urease activities, whereas T40 was positively correlated with sucrase activity. In summary, with the increase of planting years, changes in soil microbial community structure and soil enzyme activity have a significant impact on pear quality formation, and the results of the study provide a theoretical basis for scientific management of pear orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPeach production in China uses large inputs of mineral fertilizers but lower inputs of organic fertilizers, resulting in decreased peach quality and increased environmental risks. This study investigated the effects of formula fertilizers (combined organic and inorganic fertilizers) on peach yield, quality, and carbon and nitrogen footprints using three peach cultivars in two consecutive years. Two types of formula fertilizers had positive effects on improving the peach yield (5.6–13.6%), single fruit weight (9.0–32.5%), transverse diameter (3.6–13%) and longitudinal diameter (5.4–21.6%). Also, these fertilizers increased soluble solids (7.2–36.6%) and vitamin C (7.1–78%). In addition, the carbon footprint of peach decreased by 37–49%. This study demonstrates the potential of formula fertilizers to achieve balance between peach quality and environmental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimized sugar-added passion fruit juice (OPFJ) was obtained after optimization of thermosonication treatments of passion fruit juice using hybrid Artificial neural network/Genetic algorithm. The quality parameters and shelf life of OPFJ stored at various temperatures were assessed. Baranyi and Ratkowsky’s square-root models proved the prediction accuracy of the theoretical model concerning the microbial population during storage. The lag phase value decreased with increasing storage temperature. Temperature rise from 8 to 25 °C decreased the shelf life from 17 to 8 days for OPFJ and 3.5 to 1.5 days for untreated juice. The activation energy and increase in the reaction rate on increase in temperature by 10 °C (Q10 value) were also evaluated. Thermosonication increased the phenolic and β-carotene contents and maintained the pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, and antioxidant activity during storage. Thermosonication enhanced the quality and shelf life of juice. Predictive modelling effectively predicted the shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High quality laboratory results are critical for patient management. However, poor sample quality can impact these results and patient safety. To ensure reliable and accurate results laboratories must be aware of each analyte’s stability under various storage conditions and matrices to guarantee correct and dependable outcomes. This knowledge allows laboratories to define the allowable delay between sample collection and centrifugation/analysis for all analytes to guarantee appropriate results quality and interpretation. The EFLM WG-PRE therefore established a 4-step plan to tackle this issue, aiming to standardize and harmonize stability studies for improved comparison and meta-analysis. The plan included the development of checklists and how-to guides for performing and reporting stability studies as well as a central resource of stability data. This manuscript deals with the issue of evaluating publications and incorporating them into a central resource. To evaluate stability studies, the CRESS checklist was used to structure 20 sections used to judge the quality of studies. Each section has 4 levels of quality, with scores converted to numerical values and weighted based on expert opinion. Based on this, a final score ranging from A to D was determined. The procedure was then tested on six manuscripts and checked for agreement between expert judgements. The results demonstrated that the proposed evaluation process is a useful tool to distinguish between best in class manuscripts and those of lower quality. The EFLM WG-PRE strongly believes that the provided recommendations and checklists will help improving stability studies both in quality and standardisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The high incidence of pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) makes the implications of overdiagnosis and overtreatment far-reaching. Quality indicators (QIs) for AOM are limited, drawing from generalized upper respiratory infection QIs, or locally developed benchmarks. Recognizing this, we sought to develop pediatric AOM QIs to build a foundation for future quality improvement efforts. Methods: Candidate indicators (CIs) were extracted from existing guidelines and position statements. The modified RAND Corporation/University of California, Los Angeles (RAND/UCLA) appropriateness methodology was used to select the final QIs by an 11-member expert panel consisting of otolaryngology—head and neck surgeons, a pediatrician and family physician. Results: Twenty-seven CIs were identified after literature review, with an additional CI developed by the expert panel. After the first round of evaluations, the panel agreed on 4 CIs as appropriate QIs. After an expert panel meeting and subsequent second round of evaluations, the panel agreed on 8 final QIs as appropriate measures of high-quality care. The 8 final QIs focus on topics of antimicrobial management, specialty referral, and tympanostomy tube counseling. Conclusions: Evidence of variable and substandard care persists in the diagnosis and management of pediatric AOM despite the existence of high-quality guidelines. This study proposes 8 QIs which compliment guideline recommendations and are meant to facilitate future quality improvement initiatives that can improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Point-of-care testing (POCT), near-patient testing (NPT) and patient self-tests (PST) are diagnostic examinations performed at the time and place of patient care. While POCT and NPT are performed and analyzed by medical professionals, PST are based on samples and parameters directly collected and analyzed by lay users. These tests are spreading both in high income countries and in low to middle income countries as they are expected to improve healthcare efficiency and equity, by saving resources, releasing pressure from hospitals and reducing logistical barriers. However, accurate multidisciplinary assessment is mandatory to ensure that what they promise is real. We reviewed some important ethical aspects, international standards and regulations. The current risks associated with alternative ways of testing are explained by the principles of respect for patient autonomy and non-maleficence. Further evidence from multidisciplinary assessment is needed to evaluate pros and cons in light of the principles of beneficence and justice. Although POCT or NPT need common regulation and accurate provider training to ensure safe and appropriate interpretation of results, PST needs even more attention as they are subject to direct patient use. Randomized controlled trails including patient education should be conducted in order to provide reliable evidence on clinical outcomes, patient acceptance and cost-effectiveness. Mandatory regulation is needed to avoid harm and EU regulation should help different countries maintain a safe use of devices in a global population of producers and users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calyx cavity is a common physiological disorder in many persimmon cultivars. It is characterised by a separation between the calyx and the surrounding flesh. The presence of calyx cavity in export fruit can lead to phytosanitary risks and reduced storage potential due to more rapid softening and increased chilling injury. Manual detection of calyx cavity at packing is very time-consuming and uneconomic. This work investigated the ability of non-destructive evaluation, combined with modelling, to identify calyx cavity in ‘Fuyu’ persimmons. Fruit were evaluated at harvest, followed by a period of nine-week storage in modified atmosphere packaging at 0°C. The presence and severity of calyx cavity was related with higher red colouration and fresh weight before storage. Using colour index data and weight data, binary classification of calyx cavity by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) resulted 74.1% correct segregation. The model correctly identified 70.5% of calyx cavity fruit (29.5% false negatives) and 77.4% of no cavity fruit (22.6% false positives). The use of non-destructive calyx cavity classification based on the evaluation of quality parameters is a starting point in providing the ability to segregate healthy fruit before packaging and storage. Further work is necessary to improve model performance before implementation is viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dika 653 was selected as experimental material to study the effects of foliar fertilizer containing different biostimulants such as Mairunon which containing organic matter, Maifuli which containing amino acid, Overflow which containing humic acid, Haoxiufeng which containing seaweed extract and humic acid on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality were studied. The results showed that the four kinds of foliar fertilizers significantly increased the net-photosynthetic rate of leaves, and Haoxiufeng performed best. Compared with the control, the number of grains per row of Mairunang and Maifuli increased significantly, and the yield increased 11. 6% and 8. 8% respectively;The number of grains per row and 100-grain weight of Haoxiufeng treatment increased significantly, and the yield increased by 13. 4%. The four kinds of foliar fertilizers had no significant impact on the bulk density and energy value. Mairunang, Maifuli and Overflow reduced the content of DON, while Haoxiufeng reduced the content of DON and ZEN. Based on the above results, the two biostimulants contained in Haoxiufeng which containing two kinds of biostimulants played a synergistic role in improvement of photosynthetic index, yield and quality of maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chicken claw products with their unique texture are loved by consumers, and cooking is a key step to affect the taste of chicken claw consumption, through the moderate hydrolysis of proteins and a series of physicochemical changes, so that the chicken claw gets tender and presents a crispy taste, but the current research on the optimal cooking conditions for chicken claw is still relatively small. In the present work, combinations of time (11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 min) and temperature (82, 86, 90, 94, and 98°C) were applied to the cooking of chicken claws. The effects of different cooking conditions on the quality characteristics of chicken claws were investigated, with special emphasis on the cooking loss rate, color, texture properties, lipid oxidation, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), and total sulfhydryl content. The results showed that the cooking loss rate, lipid oxidation, and MFI value of chicken claws gradually increased, and the total color difference (∆E), puncture force, shear force, and total sulfhydryl content gradually decreased with the increase of cooking temperature and cooking time. Overall, chicken claws cooked at 86, 90, and 94°C for 15 and 17 min had better texture and flavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to investigate the potential of utilizing pomegranate peel powder (PPP) as a natural preservative in muffin preparation. Pomegranate peel is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, which possess high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The In-Vitro antifungal activity of pomegranate peel powder (8% PPP), potassium sorbate (0.1% PS) and calcium propionate (0.5% CP) was assessed against Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. using poison food technique. The PPP showed the anti-fungal activity by delaying the growth of microorganism on media plate similar to the PS and CP. The effect of utilization of PPP on quality characteristics of muffins were compared with the muffins with chemical preservatives (0.1% PS and 0.5% CP). The viscosity and specific gravity of batter significantly increased from 7.98 to 11.87 Pa s and 1.089–1.398 respectively on addition of 8% PPP. The optical microscopic structure of PPP added batter revealed the decrease in the number of air cells from 24 to 12 with radius range of 6.42–72.72 μm and area range of 511.03–15,383.17 µm2. The functional properties of flour with PPP had higher water absorption capacity, foaming stability, emulsification activity and emulsion stability than others. The addition of PPP significantly increase the weight (32.83 g), and decrease the height (31.3 mm), volume (61.43 cm3), specific volume (1.67 cm3/g) and baking loss (10.19%). The 418.36% increase in fibre content, 14.46% and 18.46% decrease in carbohydrates and energy value was observed in muffin with 8% PPP as compared to control respectively. The total phenols was increased from 0.92 to 12.5 mg GAE/100 g, total tannin from 0.2 to 8.27 mg GAE/100 g, In-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH from 6.97 to 29.34% and In-vitro antioxidant activity by FRAP from 0.497 to 2.934 mg AAE/100 g in muffins added with 8% PPP. The muffin with PPP was softer than control and muffin with 0.1% PS. The addition of PPP resulted to improve in muffin texture but taste slightly bitter. During the storage of muffins at room temperature (27–30 °C), the moisture content of muffin with PPP was reduced from 17.04 to 13.23% which was higher than the rest of the treatments. Similarly, the hardness of sample with PPP was higher than the sample with 0.5% CP, but lowers than control and sample with 0.1% PS throughout the storage period. The results suggest that pomegranate peel powder can be successfully used as a natural preservative in place of chemical preservatives in muffins, to extend the shelf life. This study provides the opportunity to use PPP as functional ingredient and natural preservative in different bakery products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodsResultsConclusionThis study aimed to evaluate the performance, comprehensiveness, reliability, and quality of English-language YouTube videos addressing the subject of multiple sclerosis and sexuality.In August 2023, a search was conducted on a computer using the keywords “multiple sclerosis and sexuality,” “multiple sclerosis and sexual health,” “multiple sclerosis and sexual health problems,” and “multiple sclerosis and sexual dysfunction” for this descriptive study. According to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 videos that met the research purpose were examined. The related URLs were recorded. For each video, the following information was collected: content producers, performance with YouTube statistics, comprehensiveness with a form developed by researchers, reliability with Singh’s Reliability Evaluation Form, and quality with Global Quality Scale. Two researchers independently evaluated the videos.Eighty-nine and a half percent of the videos contained information presented by professionals. The average number of views was 2699.132 ± 3382.848, the comprehensiveness score was 4.2 ± 1.711, the reliability score was 3.184 ± 1.182, and the quality score was 3.421 ± 1.2. Nearly half (42.2%) contained good and useful information for viewers, and half (50%) had high video quality. The reliability and quality scores of videos containing each item in terms of comprehensiveness were higher compared to videos that did not include that item (p < 0.05). In addition, the videos with higher comprehensiveness scores had higher quality and reliability scores (p < 0.001).These results underscore the constrained performance attributes of YouTube videos addressing multiple sclerosis and sexuality, with their content exhibiting a moderate level of comprehensiveness, reliability, and quality. These results may provide a basis for increasing the effectiveness of YouTube videos on multiple sclerosis and sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated the stability of the Nile perch fish burgers preserved at -18°C for 28 days after treatment with Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) at concentrations of 1 and 2%. Samples were evaluated through a sensory assessment and analyzed physiochemically and microbiologically. The treated groups had significantly lower mean total bacterial, psychrophilic, yeast, and mold counts during storage compared to the control group (P˂ 0.05). Moreover, no statistically significant difference appeared in the proximal analysis between the treated groups. There were no significant differences in pH values between the groups. However, compared to the group that received MOL, the control group showed a significant increase in both the cooking loss and water-holding capacity of the fish burgers. The control group on day 0 and day 28 had mean peroxide values (nmol/g) of 0.67±0.03 and 2.38±0.02, while the group treated with MOL 1% had mean values of 0.64±0.02 and 1.13±0.02, and the group treated with MOL 2% had mean values of 0.64±0.02 and 1.02±0.02, respectively. Additionally, at the end of the preservation time, the values were 0.92±0.03 and 12.27±0.35. The values for the group treated with MOL 1% were 0.76±0.07 and 8.35±0.02, and for the group treated with MOL 2%, they were 0.71±0.03 and 7.66±0.05, respectively. In addition, the group that was exposed to MOL 1% demonstrated a remarkable overall acceptance throughout storage. In conclusion, if used at lower concentrations, MOL's antibacterial activity can preserve food without negatively affecting its sensory qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing increase in the global demand for innovative smoked fishery products has recently emerged. Thus, the present study was designed to adapt the hot smoke processing technique for improving the sensorial, physicochemical, and microbial qualities of common carp and little tuna fish luncheon as innovative fish products with extended shelf- life. The hot smoking for 5- 6 hours at 40- 90°C (2 hours at 40-5 0°C, 2 hours at 60- 80°C, and 2 hours at 90°C) with citrus sawdusts was applied to process smoked fish luncheon. The smoked carp and little tuna fish luncheon obtained higher sensory attributes and suppressed bacterial growth, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, trimethylamine and thiobarbituric acid at an optimum smoking time of 25min using citrus sawdust. On the other hand, moisture, protein, lipid and overall acceptability scores were siginificantly decreased (P≤ 0.05) during chilled and ambient temperature, while ash, carbohydrates, pH, TVB-N, TMA-N, TBA, TMBC, TPBC, TPC and YMC were siginificantly increased (P≤ 0.05) as affected by chilled and ambient temperature, without surpassing the maximum permissible limits. Based on the sensory analysis, the shelf-life of both types of smoked fish luncheon was determined to be 18 days. Moreover, the wheat flour treatment was identified as the best, followed by soybean flour and starch. The overall findings indicated that the hot smoking technology with fish luncheoun could be effective in achieving good sensorial, nutritional, and functional attributes to the consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the quality management model is of great importance for health service providers, which should be based on strategic planning, continuous improvement of the quality management system and the set of international norms and standards that interrelate with each other to achieve the quality that a company should have to meet the requirements agreed with its clients. Likewise, the incorporation of new innovative tools such as telerehabilitation (TR) has brought multiple benefits for both the health system and the patients. This article analyzes the variables quality management model and TR. A documentary review was carried out in Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus databases up to September 6, 2022. It is concluded that it is necessary to implement the TR due to the various advantages it presents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xinjiang has been one of the major cotton-producing areas in China. The yield and quality of cotton have been seriously limited to irrigation and fertilization, as well as the use efficiency of water and fertilizer resources. Irrigation, nitrogen fertilization, and mepiquat chloride have been widely used in the cotton production in recent years. This study aims to explore the interactive effects of irrigation amount, nitrogen rate, and mepiquat chloride dose on seed cotton yield, fiber quality, and water-fertilizer use efficiency. The field experiments were also carried out in the Korla region of Southern Xinjiang in 2020 and 2021, including three irrigations (W1: 60% ETc, W2: 80% ETc, and W3: 100% ETc, where ETc was the crop evapotranspiration), four nitrogen rates (N0: 0 kg/hm², N200: 200 kg/hm², N300: 300 kg/hm², and N400: 400 kg/hm²), and two doses of mepiquat chloride (D1: 120 g/hm², and D2: 240 g/hm²). The planting mode was adopted as "one film, two pipes, and four rows". The fertilizer was dissolved in the irrigation water eight times for drip fertilization. The foliar spraying of mepiquat chloride was conducted using a manual knapsack sprayer. Some indicators were measured (such as the plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, seed cotton yield, and fiber quality) to calculate the crop evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, and partial factor productivity of fertilizer. The results showed the irrigation amount, nitrogen rate, and mepiquat chloride dose significantly dominated the seed cotton yield, water use efficiency, partial factor productivity of fertilizer, and some indicators of fiber quality (P<0.05). Furthermore, their three-factor interaction also depended on the partial factor productivity of fertilizer and fiber quality (P<0.05). The irrigation amount increased the plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation, while the trend of nitrogen rate was the first increase and then decrease. The leaf area index of each treatment showed an S-shaped curve, as the growth period progressed, thus increasing rapidly during the seedling and bud stages, and then reaching a peak at the flowering stage. Plant height and leaf area index decreased, whereas, the dry matter accumulation increased when the dose of mepiquat chloride increased from 120 to 240 g/hm². The effective boll number of D1 increased with the increase in the nitrogen rate, while the effective boll number of D2 increased first and then decreased. The increasing irrigation amount and mepiquat chloride dose improved the boll weight and seed cotton yield, while the nitrogen rate led to the increasing boll weight, but with increasing and then decreasing seed cotton yield. The W3N300D2 had the highest dry matter accumulation, effective boll number per plant, and seed cotton yield. The W3N300D1 had the highest plant height and leaf area index. The maximal seed cotton yield (7 578 kg/hm² in 2020 and 7 173 kg/hm² in 2021) occurred in W3N300D2. The partial factor productivity of fertilizer increased, while the water use efficiency decreased, as the irrigation amount increased. The mepiquat chloride dose improved the water use efficiency and partial factor productivity of fertilizer. The highest performance was achieved in the water use efficiency of W1N400D1 and the partial factor productivity of fertilizer of W3N0D2. Fiber length increased with the increasing nitrogen rate under W1 and W2. There was the first increase and then a decrease with the increase of nitrogen rate under W3, where the maximum was obtained under N300. The mepiquat chloride dose also decreased the fiber strength and micronaire value. The fiber length, fiber strength, and micronaire value of W3N400D1 were all obtained from the larger values, where the fiber quality was the best. Six indicators were selected from three aspects (yield, water-fertilizer use efficiency, and fiber quality) in the TOPSIS evaluation. The best combination was achieved in the irrigation amount of 100%ETc, nitrogen rate of 300 kg/hm², and mepiquat chloride dose of 240 g/hm², suitable for the water-fertilizer and chemical control practice of cotton in southern Xinjiang. The findings can provide a theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the efficient utilization of water and fertilizer in cotton production in southern Xinjiang China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Comprehensive and standardized colonoscopy reports are crucial in colorectal cancer prevention, monitoring, and research. This study investigates adherence to national and international guidelines by analyzing reporting practices among 21 endoscopists in 7 German centers, with a focus on polyp reporting. Methods: We identified and assessed German, European, American, and World Health Organization-provided statements to identify key elements in colonoscopy reporting. Board-certified gastroenterologists rated the relevance of each element and estimated their reporting frequency. Adherence to the identified report elements was evaluated for 874 polyps from 351 colonoscopy reports ranging from March 2021 to March 2022. Results: We identified numerous recommendations for colonoscopy reporting. We categorized the reasoning behind those recommendations into clinical relevance, justification, and quality control and research. Although all elements were considered relevant by the surveyed gastroenterologists, discrepancies were observed in the evaluated reports. Particularly diminutive polyps or attributes which are rarely abnormal (e.g., surface integrity) respectively rarely performed (e.g., injection) were sparsely documented. Furthermore, the white light morphology of polyps was inconsistently documented using either the Paris classification or free text. In summary, the analysis of 874 reported polyps revealed heterogeneous adherence to the recommendations, with reporting frequencies ranging from 3% to 89%. Conclusion: The inhomogeneous report practices may result from implicit reporting practices and recommendations with varying clinical relevance. Future recommendations should clearly differentiate between clinical relevance and research and quality control or explanatory purposes. Additionally, the role of computer-assisted documentation should be further evaluated to increase report frequencies of non-pathological findings and diminutive polyps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this qualitative study, we research what constitutes the relationships between conceptions of quality and value associated with higher education as experienced by prospective employers of business graduates. Quality and value in higher education are often linked though the relationship is unclear. Employers are an important and under-researched stakeholder group on the demand side of higher education. Data are generated by interviewing prospective employers of business graduates from a UK university. Interviews are analysed using a phenomenographic method to determine the qualitatively different ways in which actors make sense of the relationships between quality and value. Understanding prospective employers' conceptions of the relationships is important given the competitive pressures on universities and businesses. The research reinforces the experiential and idiosyncratic relationships between quality and value in higher education. Three conceptions of what constitutes quality and value in higher education are discussed: (a) quality is an antecedent of value; (b) quality is simple while value is complex; and (c) quality is internal to HE while value is created in the customer domain. The research outcomes provide important insights for researchers and practitioners through clearer understanding of how quality and value are related for this important stakeholder group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]