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Based on the mining conditions and development status of Huolinhe North Open-pit Coal Mine, in view of the problems of adjacent coal mining area steering, coal column mining in the mining section, tight of the inner dump space, the stability of composite slope of stope-inner dump is analyzed to solve the potential slope safety problems caused by the landslide area of internal drainage pressing foot, mining and timely pressing slope, determine the final mining form and mining mode of the coal pillar area in the mining section, improve the coal resource recovery rate, the mining and stripping project plan during the transition period of the mining area is planned in detail, and the inner dumping space is optimized to avoid the outer dumping area, which provides guarantee for the safe and efficient production of open-pit coal mine.

Apoptosis and autophagy have been shown to act cooperatively and antagonistically in self-elimination process. On the one side, apoptosis and autophagy can act as partners to induce cell death in a coordinated or cooperative manner; on the flip side, autophagy acts as an antagonist to block apoptotic cell death by promoting cell survival. Our previous research indicated that trillin could induce apoptosis of PLC/PRF/5 cells, but the effects of trillin on autophagy as well as its functional relationship to apoptosis have not been elucidated. Here, the running study aims to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of trillin on autophagy with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The objective of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanism of trillin on autophagy in HCC cells. Protein levels of autophagy markers beclin1, LC3B, and p62 were detected by western blotting. 6-Hydroxyflavone and stattic were used to test the role of trillin regulation of autophagy via serine threonine kinase (AKT)/extracellular-regulated protein kinases (ERK) 1/2/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Flow cytometry was used to detect caspase 3 activity and apoptosis in PLC/PRF/5 cells treated with trillin for 24 h with or without rapamycin, stattic, and 6-hydroxyflavone. The protein level of autophagy marker beclin1 was decreased, whilst the protein level of p62 was significantly increased by trillin treatment, indicating trillin treatment led to inhibition of autophagy in HCC cells. Trillin treatment could reduce the protein levels of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2, but enhance the protein levels of mTOR and p-mTOR, suggesting that trillin could inhibit AKT/ERK rather than mTOR. The AKT/ERK activator 6-hydroxyflavone could reverse the loss of AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by trillin, implying that trillin impairs autophagy through activated mTOR rather than AKT/ERK. STAT3 and p-STAT3 were significantly upregulated by the trillin treatment with an increase in dose from 0 to 50 μM, suggesting that autophagy inhibition is mediated by trillin via activation of STAT3 signaling. The STAT3 inhibitor stattic significantly reversed the increased STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 induced by trillin. The mTOR signaling inhibitor rapamycin reversed the trillin-induced mTOR phosphorylation enhancement but exerted no effects on total mTOR levels, suggesting trillin treatment led to inhibition of autophagy in HCC cells through activating mTOR/STAT3 pathway. Furthermore, caspase 3 activities and the total rate of apoptosis were increased by trillin treatment, which was reversed by rapamycin, stattic, and 6-hydroxyflavone, proving that trillin promotes apoptosis via activation of mTOR/STAT3 signaling. Trillin induced autophagy inhibition and promoted apoptosis in PLC/PRF/5 cells via the activation of mTOR/STAT3 signaling. Trillin has the potential to be a viable therapeutic option for HCC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High temperature corrosion of the water wall tube in a 50 MW thermal power plant was investigated which caused several boiler accidents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to observe the cross-sectional morphology of the tube and analyze the oxide scales. Results show that the boiler water and the coal quality did not meet the requirements. High temperature corrosion of water wall tubes was attributed to the using of coal which had a higher ash content and lower received lower heating value. Higher dissolved oxygen and incrustation in the boiler water caused serious corrosion at the inner surface of water wall tube, which led to the possibility of decarburization and degradation of the steel. Suitable coal blending and stability of the thermal load were the effective means to prevent the high temperature corrosion of the tube.