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To analyze the risk factors for preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this retrospective study, a total of 584 knee OA patients undergoing TKA were enrolled. General information, medical records and preoperative laboratory examination results of the patients were collected. According to the results of Doppler ultrasonography for the lower extremities, the patients were divided into DVT group and non-DVT group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify independent risk factors for preoperative DVT in knee OA patients undergoing TKA. The incidence of DVT before TKA was 6.85% (40 cases). The increase of ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate), platelet crit, IL-6 (Interleukin-6), and PCT (Procalcitonin) were associated with the development of DVT before TKA. Factors as coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes mellitus (DM), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), NLR (ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes), lower limb venous blood stasis, the time from onset to admission, RBC, PLT were identified by multivariate logistic regression to be the independent risk factors for preoperative DVT in knee OA patients undergoing TKA. DM, CKD, CHD, increased in ESR, IL-6 and PCT, blood stasis of the lower extremities, increased in PLT, platelet crit and the time from onset to admission, decreased in RBC, were high risk factors for preoperative DVT in knee OA patients undergoing TKA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the association between platelet (PLT) indices and preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in elderly patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA). A total of 1391 patients were enrolled. We created receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve using the ratio of PLT indices to DVT before TJA, divided the enrolled patients into groups based on the cut-off value, and then analyzed risk factors for DVT before TJA in the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Preoperative DVT occurred in 103 cases. Based on the ROC curve, we determined that the cut-off values for PLT, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR), and plateletcrit (PCT) were 202 x 109/L, 11.4 fL, 13.2 fL, 34.6%, and 0.228%. And the areas under the curve were 0.606, 0.605, 0.617, 0.616, and 0.598. Multivariate binary regression analysis revealed that the risk of preoperative DVT in TJA patients with PLT≥202 x 109/L, MPV≤ 11.4fL, PDW≤13.2fL, P-LCR≤34.6%, and PCT≥0.228% increased by 2.32 (P<.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.50-3.60]), 1.86 (P<.001, 95% CI [1.22-2.83]), 2.17 (P<.001, 95% CI [1.43-3.31]), 2.27 (P<.001, 95% CI [1.50-3.45]), and 1.76 times (P = .013, 95% CI [1.13-2.76]), respectively. Age, P<.001, odds ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95% CI [1.04-1.11]; corticosteroid use, P = .011, OR = 3.66, 95% CI [1.34-9.96]. We found that increased PLT count and PCT, decreased MPV, PDW, and P-LCR, old age, and corticosteroid use were independent risk factors for preoperative DVT in elderly TJA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the association between albumin and preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This study enrolled 2133 patients. We created the receiver operator characteristic curve to determine the cut-off values for preoperative albumin (bromocresol green method) and DVT in TJA patients. We divided the patients into groups based on the albumin cut-off value and then assessed the risk factors in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. DVT occurred in 110 cases. The cut-off value for albumin was 37.2 g/L and the area under the curve was 0.611. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk for DVT before TJA in patients with albumin <37.2 g/L was increased by 1.99 times (P = .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.34-2.97]); albumin of 30 to 37.2 g/L group and the albumin < 30 g/L group increased by 1.9 times (P = .002, 95% CI [1.28-2.88]) and 3.25 times (P = .015, 95% CI [1.26-8.4]), respectively. The patients in the albumin of 30 to 37.2 g/L and the albumin <30g/L group had 1.6 times (P<.001, 95% CI [1.3-1.99] and 6.1 times (P<.001, 95% CI [3.46-10.75]), respectively, higher risk of perioperative transfusion. Patients older than 69.5 years had a 3.8-fold increased risk of preoperative DVT (P = .005, 95% CI [2.47-5.78]). Corticosteroid use had a 3 times higher risk of preoperative DVT (P = .013, 95% CI [1.26-7.2]). We found that albumin < 37.2 g/L, patients older than 69.5 years, and corticosteroid use were independent risk factors for preoperative DVT in TJA patients. Additionally, the lower the preoperative albumin level, the greater the odds of preoperative DVT formation, and the higher the risk of perioperative transfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erucic acid (C22:1, ω-9, EA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid (FA) that is an important oleochemical product with a wide range of uses in metallurgy, machinery, rubber, the chemical industry, and other fields because of its hydrophobicity and water resistance. EA is not easily digested and absorbed in the human body, and high-EA rapeseed (HEAR) oil often contains glucosinolates. Both glucosinolates and EA are detrimental to health and can lead to disease, which has resulted in strict guidelines by regulatory bodies on maximum EA contents in oils. Increasingly, researchers have attempted to enhance the EA content in Brassicaceae oilseeds to serve industrial applications while conversely reducing the EA content to ensure food safety. For the production of both LEAR and HEAR, biotechnology is likely to play a fundamental role. Elucidating the metabolic pathways of EA can help inform the improvement of Brassicaceae oilseeds through transgenic technology. In this paper, we introduce the industrial applications of HEAR oil and health benefits of low-EA rapeseed (LEAR) oil first, following which we review the biosynthetic pathways of EA, introduce the EA resources from plants, and focus on research related to the genetic engineering of EA in Brassicaceae oilseeds. In addition, the effects of the environment on EA production are addressed, and the safe cultivation of HEAR and LEAR is discussed. This paper supports further research into improving FAs in Brassicaceae oilseeds through transgenic technologies and molecular breeding techniques, thereby advancing the commercialization of transgenic products for better application in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the association of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), and red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD) with preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Methods: A total of 2059 TJA patients were enrolled. We used the ratios of RBC, Hb, RDW-CV, and RDW-SD to DVT before TJA to create the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, thereby calculating the cut-off values and the area under the curve (AUC). The patients were categorized into groups based on cut-off value, and risk factors for DVT before TJA were subsequently analyzed. We included the variates that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis in the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Preoperative DVT occurred in 107 cases (5.20%). Based on the ROC curve, we found that the AUC for RBC, Hb, RDW-CV, and RDW-SD were 0.658, 0.646, 0.568, and 0.586, respectively. Multivariate binary regression analysis revealed that the risk of preoperative DVT in TJA patients with RBC≤3.92*109 /L, Hb≤118g/L, RDW-CV≥13.2%, and RDW-SD≥44.6fL increased 3.02 (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.0–4.54]), 2.15 (P < 0.001, 95% CI [1.42–3.24]), 1.54 (P = 0.038, 95% CI [1.03–2.3]), and 1.98 times (P = 0.001, 95% CI [1.32–2.98]), respectively. The risk of preoperative DVT in patients with corticosteroid use increased approximately 2.6 times (P = 0.002, 95% CI [1.22–5.81]). Conclusion: We found that decreased RBC and Hb, increased RDW-CV and RDW-SD, and corticosteroid use were independent risk factors for preoperative DVT in patients undergoing TJA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nervonic acid (NA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that plays crucial roles in brain development and has attracted widespread research interest. The markets encouraged the development of a refined, NA-enriched plant oil as feedstocks for the needed further studies of NA biological functions to the end commercial application. Plant seed oils offer a renewable and environmentally friendly source of NA, but their industrial production is presently hindered by various factors. This review focuses on the NA biosynthesis and assembly, NA resources from plants, and the genetic engineering of NA biosynthesis in oil crops, discusses the factors that affect NA production in genetically engineered oil crops, and provides prospects for the application of NA and prospective trends in the engineering of NA. This review emphasizes the progress made toward various NA-related topics and explores the limitations and trends, thereby providing integrated and comprehensive insight into the nature of NA production mechanisms during genetic engineering. Furthermore, this report supports further work involving the manipulation of NA production through transgenic technologies and molecular breeding for the enhancement of crop nutritional quality or creation of plant biochemical factories to produce NA for use in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐dose cyclophosphamide (HD‐CTX) treatment often leads to severe nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, which are mainly caused by one of its metabolites, chloroacetaldehyde (CAA). However, there are no effective antidotes to prevent these side effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Wuzhi Capsule (WZC) on the pharmacokinetics of CTX and its metabolites in rats, and the attenuation of CAA induced kidney and brain injuries, which was produced at equimolar with 2‐dechloroethylcyclophosphamide. Rats were treated with single‐ or multiple‐dose of WZC when giving HD‐CTX, and the plasma concentration of CTX and its metabolites were quantitated by UHPLC‐MS/MS Single‐dose, not multiple‐dose of WZC co‐administration (300 mg/kg) significantly reduced Cmax and AUC0→24 h of DC‐CTX by 33.10% and 35.51%, respectively. Biochemical assay suggested oxidative stress was involved in kidney and brain injuries by HD‐CTX, which were attenuated by single‐dose WZC (300 mg/kg) pre‐treatment, with increased glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase contents/or activities in both tissues and plasma (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, WZC pre‐treatment could also significantly decrease the plasma levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde (P < 0.05). Additionally, WZC treatment improved the morphology and pathology condition of the kidneys and brains in rats. In conclusion, single‐dose WZC co‐administration decreased CAA production and exerted protective effect on CTX‐induced oxidative stress in kidney and brain, whereas repetitive WZC co‐administration with CTX was probably not recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) constitute large multigene families that possess complex physiological functions, many of which remain unclear. This study isolated and characterized the function of a lipid transfer protein gene, BraLTP1 from Brassica rapa, in the important oilseed crops Brassica napus. BraLTP1 encodes a predicted secretory protein, in the little known VI Class of nsLTP families. Overexpression of BnaLTP1 in B. napus caused abnormal green coloration and reduced wax deposition on leaves and detailed wax analysis revealed 17–80% reduction in various major wax components, which resulted in significant water-loss relative to wild type. BnaLTP1 overexpressing leaves exhibited morphological disfiguration and abaxially curled leaf edges, and leaf cross-sections revealed cell overproliferation that was correlated to increased cytokinin levels (tZ, tZR, iP, and iPR) in leaves and high expression of the cytokinin biosynthsis gene IPT3. BnaLTP1-overexpressing plants also displayed morphological disfiguration of flowers, with early-onset and elongated carpel development and outwardly curled stamen. This was consistent with altered expression of a a number of ABC model genes related to flower development. Together, these results suggest that BraLTP1 is a new nsLTP gene involved in wax production or deposition, with additional direct or indirect effects on cell division and flower development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) is one of the most important oilseed crops globally. To meet increasing demand for oil-based products, the ability to enhance desirable oil content in the seed is required. This study assessed the capability of five genes in the triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis pathway to enhance oil content. The genes BnGPDH , BnGPAT , BnDGAT , ScGPDH and ScLPAAT were overexpressed separately in a tobacco ( Nicotiana benthamiana ) model system, and simultaneously by pyramiding in B. napus , under the control of a seed specific Napin promoter. ScLPAAT transgenic plants showed a significant increase of 6.84% to 8.55% in oil content in tobacco seeds, while a ~ 4% increase was noted for BnGPDH and BnGPAT transgenic seeds. Seed-specific overexpression of all four genes in B. napus resulted in as high a 12.57% to 14.46% increased in seed oil content when compared to WT, equaling close to the sum of the single-gene overexpression increases in tobacco. Taken together, our study demonstrates that BnGPDH , BnGPAT and ScLPAAT may effectively increase seed oil content, and that simultaneous overexpression of these in transgenic B. napus may further enhance the desirable oil content relative to single-gene overexpressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]