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Open-cell ceramic foams are widely used as filters for the purification of molten metals due to their high permeability and high efficiency for capturing non-metallic inclusions. With the consideration of manufacture and filtration behaviour, most filters are produced by replica methods. The intrinsic multiscale porous structure requires the ceramic foams to have sufficient strength. As a consequence, different processing approaches, material compositions and characterizations are investigated. Meanwhile, to further enhance the filtration performance, the functionalization of ceramic foam filters is often conducted with surface coating. This review summarizes the processing and characteristics of ceramic foam filters (CFFs), the nature and formation of non-metallic inclusions (NMIs), the filtration mechanism and applications of CFFs. The characterization of mechanical and filtration performance, as well as the corresponding strengthening and functionalization methods are also presented.

Abstract Patients with residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma after receiving definitive treatment have poor prognoses. Although immune checkpoint therapies have achieved breakthroughs for treating recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, none of these strategies have been assessed for treating residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In this single-arm, phase 2 trial, we aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy and safety of toripalimab (anti-PD1 antibody) plus capecitabine in patients with residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma after definitive treatment (ChiCTR1900023710). Primary endpoint of this trial was the objective response rate assessed according to RECIST (version 1.1). Secondary endpoints included complete response rate, disease control rate, duration of response, progression-free survival, safety profile, and treatment compliance. Between June 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021, 23 patients were recruited and received six cycles of toripalimab plus capecitabine every 3 weeks. In efficacy analyses, 13 patients (56.5%) had complete response, and 9 patients (39.1%) had partial response, with an objective response rate of 95.7% (95% CI 78.1-99.9). The trial met its prespecified primary endpoint. In safety analyses, 21 of (91.3%) 23 patients had treatment-related adverse events. The most frequently reported adverse event was hand-foot syndrome (11 patients [47.8%]). The most common grade 3 adverse event was hand-foot syndrome (two patients [8.7%]). No grades 4-5 treatment-related adverse events were recorded. This phase 2 trial shows that combining toripalimab with capecitabine has promising antitumour activity and a manageable safety profile for patients with residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

To widen the understanding of tensile failure of reticulated ceramic foams and expand the available mechanical method, a cylindrical splitting test is developed in the present study based on alumina open-cell foams of three different pore densities. The biaxial method is validated by characterization of mechanical parameters, and the in-situ fracture process is validated by a digital image correlation, followed by a formula correction for effective tensile strength with consideration of discrete crack paths. For experimental setup curved loading platens, compliant pad and intermediate quasi-static loading rate are proposed for guaranteeing tensile failure under a radial compressive load. Tensile strength, fracture energy, and brittleness increase with the foam pore density, and the fracture behavior is a balanced result of materials and foam structural support strength. An analytical model of splitting tensile strength with structural parameters is derived, which implies its dependence on cell size and critical stress intensity factor of strut materials.

The flush air data sensing system is a key or important flight sensor subsystem for the measurement of flight atmospheric parameters such as air pressure altitude, indicated airspeed, Mach number, angle of attack and sideshow angle, which are required for flight safety control, communication and navigation of flying wing pneumatic layout aircraft and precise weapon strike. The effectiveness of water-proof, dust-proof, anti-ice and de-icing design of the flush air data pressure sensor in the system is an important guarantee for accurate pressure feeling, stability of atmospheric parameters and real-time performance during flight. In this paper, aiming at the technology present status of water-proof, dust-proof, anti-icing and de-icing of flush air data pressure sensors in flush air data system, the existing shortcomings and defects are analyzed, combined with the needs of engineering application and research results of related engineering technology, the flush air data pressure sensor for complex meteorological environment protection status online monitoring, heater power adaptive control and rapid disassembling design as development direction is proposed, the future research goal and content of flush air data pressure sensor for complex meteorological environment protection technology are illustrated, and the solutions of key technologies such as moisture monitoring technology, freezing condition monitoring technology, surface hydrophobic and low detectable technology and easy maintenance structure design technology are presented.

Abstract Purpose In this study, we aimed to compare the radiation-induced hepatic toxicity (RIHT) outcomes of radiotherapy (RT) plus antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD1) versus RT alone in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), evaluate prognostic factors of non-classic radiation-induced liver disease (ncRILD), and establish a nomogram for predicting the probability of ncRILD. Patients and methods Patients with unresectable HCC treated with RT and anti-PD1 (RT + PD1, n = 30) or RT alone (n = 66) were enrolled retrospectively. Patients (n = 30) in each group were placed in a matched cohort using propensity score matching (PSM). Treatment-related hepatotoxicity was evaluated and analyzed before and after PSM. The prognostic factors affecting ncRILD were identified by univariable logistic analysis and Spearman’s rank test in the matched cohort to generate a nomogram. Results There were no differences in RIHT except for increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≥ grade 1 and increased total bilirubin ≥ grade 1 between the two groups before PSM. After PSM, AST ≥ grade 1 occurred more frequently in the RT + PD1 group (p = 0.020), and there were no significant differences in other hepatotoxicity metrics between the two groups. In the matched cohort, V25, tumor number, age, and prothrombin time (PT) were the optimal prognostic factors for ncRILD modeling. A nomogram revealed a good predictive performance (area under the curve = 0.82). Conclusions The incidence of RIHT in patients with HCC treated with RT + PD1 was acceptable and similar to that of RT treatment. The nomogram based on V25, tumor number, age, and PT robustly predicted the probability of ncRILD.

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the incidence, consequences, and predictors of serious chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with NPC between 2013 and 2015. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model and propensity score matching were used to estimate the effect of serious CIT on overall survival. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the predictors of serious CIT. Results and Conclusion The incidence of serious CIT was 5.21% in patients with NPC. Patients who experienced serious thrombocytopenia had a worse long‐term prognosis, while the difference in short‐term survival rate was slight. Chemotherapy regimens of gemcitabine and platinum, 5‐fluorouracil and platinum, taxane and platinum, serum potassium ion concentration, serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, platelet count, red blood cell count, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were predictors of serious CIT.

Materials that exhibit very small dimensional changes with temperature, i.e., near-zero thermal expansion (NZTE) properties, find attractive prospects in fields such as precision instrumentation and aerospace. However, how to manually design and synthesize NZTE materials with high performance instead of laboriously exploring composition has been a long-standing challenge. In this study, based on the excellent bonding and forming abilities of metallic glass (MG), a composite with continuous regulation of thermal expansion was obtained by combining different volume ratios of MG with beta-LiAlSiO4 (beta-LAS) possessing negative thermal expansion (NTE). Interestingly, excellent NZTE performance of 0.693 and 1.587 ppm/K was achieved over the 150–700 K temperature range when the volume ratio of MG was 40% and 50%, respectively. In addition, the compressive strength of the NZTE composite reached 320 and 436 MPa for the above two ratios, respectively. The thermal shock resistance results show that the composite can withstand thermal cycling tests of not less than 80 times. The proposed strategy not only provides new NZTE materials with high performance but also facilitates a shift in the preparation of high-performance NZTE composites from laborious search to customizable design.

Abstract Background Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely associated with cancer progression. The study aimed to establish a prognostic model to predict distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), based on lipidomics. Methods The plasma lipid profiles of 179 patients with locoregionally advanced NPC (LANPC) were measured and quantified using widely targeted quantitative lipidomics. Then, patients were randomly split into the training (125 patients, 69.8%) and validation (54 patients, 30.2%) sets. To identify distant metastasis-associated lipids, univariate Cox regression was applied to the training set (P

The development of the oxy-fuel porous media combustion technique not only takes advantage of the characteristics of porous media combustion, such as a relatively low lean-burn limit and small volume, but also dramatically facilitates carbon capture and storage. In this paper, a two-layer porous burner model is established, in which a two-temperature equation model is adopted for calculation purposes. Differences in combustion behaviour between oxy-fuel and air-fuel conditions are compared. The results show that the difference in physical properties between CO2 and air is the main reason for the significant variation of combustion behaviours under the conditions of oxy-fuel compared to air-fuel. The specific performance is lower combustion temperature and flame propagation speed. The temperature under oxy-fuel combustion conditions is 300 K lower than that under air-fuel combustion conditions at an equivalence ratio of 0.6, and the stable range of oxy-fuel combustion is only approximately 50% of air-fuel combustion. The impact of porous media material parameters on combustion behavior has been investigated. These variables include the equivalence ratio, material thermal conductivity, volume heat transfer coefficient, and extinction coefficient, while the ratio of O2/CO2 remains fixed at 0.21/0.79. The influence of these variables on the stable velocity range and temperature field is consistent, but a large difference in values occurs. Reducing the thermal resistance of the burner by adjusting the properties of the porous matrix can increase the velocity limit of stable combustion. However, even if the thermal conductivity and extinction coefficient are increased by 5 times, there will be no significant impact on the stable range. Reducing the pore size of the combustion zone by 50% will increase the stable range by over 100%.

Abstract Background The incidence of classic radiation-induced liver disease (cRILD) has been significantly reduced. However, non-classic radiation-induced liver disease (ncRILD) remains a major concern following radiotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study evaluated the incidence of ncRILD following intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for Child–Pugh grade B (CP-B) patients with locally advanced HCC and established a nomogram for predicting ncRILD probability. Methods Seventy-five CP-B patients with locally advanced HCC treated with IMRT between September 2014 and July 2021 were included. The max tumor size was 8.39 cm ± 5.06, and the median prescribed dose was 53.24 Gy ± 7.26. Treatment-related hepatotoxicity was evaluated within three months of completing IMRT. A nomogram model was formulated to predict the probability of ncRILD, using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Among CP-B patients with locally advanced HCC, ncRILD occurred in 17 (22.7%) patients. Two patients (2.7%) exhibited a transaminase elevation of ≥ G3, fourteen (18.7%) exhibited a Child–Pugh score increase of ≥ 2, and one (1.3%) demonstrated both a transaminase elevation of ≥ G3 and a Child–Pugh score increase of ≥ 2. No cRILD cases were observed. A mean dose to the normal liver of ≥ 15.1 Gy was used as the cutoff for ncRILD. Multivariate analysis revealed that the prothrombin time before IMRT, tumour number, and mean dose to the normal liver were independent risk factors for ncRILD. The nomogram established on the basis of these risk factors displayed exceptional predictive performance (AUC = 0.800, 95% CI 0.674–0.926). Conclusions The incidence of ncRILD following IMRT for CP-B patients with locally advanced HCC was acceptable. A nomogram based on prothrombin time before IMRT, tumour number, and mean dose to the normal liver accurately predicted the probability of ncRILD in these patients.

Abstract Background For patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has become one of the options for clinical local treatment. Immune parameters, including platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune inflammatory (SII), predict survival in various cancers. This study aimed to determine whether peripheral immune parameters can predict survival in patients with uHCC undergoing IMRT and establish a clinically useful prognostic nomogram for survival prediction. Methods The clinical data of 309 HCC patients were retrospectively analyzed and randomly divided into training (n = 216) and validation (n = 93) cohorts. PLR, NLR and SII were collected before and after IMRT. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors affecting survival, which were used to generate a nomogram. Results The median survival was 16.3 months, and significant increases in PLR, NLR, and SII were observed after IMRT (P