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Detecting environmental contaminants is crucial for protecting ecosystems and human health. While traditional carbon dot (CD) fluorescent probes are versatile, they may suffer from limitations like fluctuations in signal intensity, leading to detection inaccuracies. In contrast, ratiometric fluorescent probes, designed with internal self-calibration mechanisms, offer enhanced sensitivity and reliability. This review focuses on the design and applications of ratiometric fluorescent probes based on CDs for environmental monitoring. Our discussion covers construction strategies, ratiometric fluorescence principles, and applications in detecting various environmental contaminants, including organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, and other substances. We also explore associated advantages and challenges and provide insights into potential solutions and future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the relationship between macrosomia and amino acids in maternal and cord sera. Methods: In the case-control study, 78 pairs of mothers and newborns were recruited from December 2016 to November 2019. Participants were divided into the macrosomia group (BW ≥ 4000 g, n = 39) and the control group (BW between 2500 g and 3999 g, n = 39) according to the birth weight (BW) of newborns. Maternal vein blood samples were collected before delivery and cord vein blood samples were collected after birth. The levels of amino acids in maternal and cord sera were measured by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the year 2021. The difference in amino acid levels in maternal and cord sera between the two groups was compared, and the contribution of each amino acid to the difference between the two groups was analyzed. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to test the relationship between macrosomia and amino acids. Results: In maternal serum during the antepartum, the levels of asparagine, glutamine, methionine, alanine, and threonine in the macrosomia group were higher but arginine was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In cord serum, the levels of lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, arginine, tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, glutamate, tyrosine, and total essential amino acid (EAA) in the macrosomia group were lower while glutamine was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The ratios of EAA, valine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, and alanine in maternal serum to those in cord serum were higher, while the ratio of glutamine was lower in the macrosomia group (p < 0.05). Arginine and threonine in maternal serum and glutamate, glutamine, and histidine in cord serum were associated with macrosomia (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Most of the amino acid levels in the maternal sera of the macrosomia group are higher than those in the control group, while most of the amino acids' levels in the cord sera of the macrosomia group are lower than those in the control group. The ratios of some amino acids in maternal serum to those in cord serum were different between the two groups. Arginine and threonine in maternal serum and glutamate, glutamine, and histidine in cord serum are closely related to macrosomia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photo‐rechargeable supercapacitor enables the self‐powering of flexible wearable electronics. However, flexible wearable electronics require supercapacitors not only with excellent flexibility but also with high energy density. P‐diaminoazobenzene (P‐Azo) as a new type of organic electrode material with NN is directly connected to the benzene ring and forms a large π‐conjugated system, which makes it have a lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, is beneficial to transfer of electrons, and increases the conductivity of organic molecules. In addition, NN can realize the transfer of two electrons, which makes P‐Azo have a higher energy density. Asymmetric flexible supercapacitors are fabricated by assembling P‐Azo, activated carbon, and an adhesive electrolyte, with 425.2 mW h cm−2 (55.19 Wh kg−1) energy density at a power density of 80 mW cm−2 (10.38 W kg−1), and 90.7% capacitance retention after 80 000 cycles of bending. In this work, supercapacitors and perovskite submodules are coupled to prepare a photo‐rechargeable supercapacitor to achieve a 7% overall energy‐conversion efficiency. Therefore, this supercapacitor paves a practical route for powering future wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computers, televisions, and smartphones are revolutionized by the invention of InGaN blue light‐emitting diode (LED) backlighting. Yet, continual exposure to the intense blue LED emission from these modern displays can cause insomnia and mood disorders. Developing "human‐centric" backlighting that uses a violet‐emitting LED chip and a trichromatic phosphor mixture to generate color images is one approach that addresses this problem. The challenge is finding a blue‐emitting phosphor that possesses a sufficiently small Stokes' shift to efficiently down‐convert violet LED light and produce a narrow blue emission. This work reports a new oxynitride phosphor that meets this demand. K3AlP3O9N:Eu2+ exhibits an unexpectedly narrow (45 nm, 2206 cm−1), thermally robust, and efficient blue photoluminescence upon violet excitation. Computational modeling and temperature‐dependent optical property measurements reveal that the narrow emission arises from a rare combination of preferential excitation and site‐selective quenching. The resulting chromaticity coordinates of K3AlP3O9N:Eu2+ lie closer to the vertex of the Rec. 2020 than a blue LED chip and provides access to ≈10% more colors than a commercial tablet when combined with commercial red‐ and green‐emitting phosphors. Alongside the wide gamut, tuning the emission from the violet LED and phosphor blend can reduce blue light emissions to produce next‐generation, human‐centric displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]