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Facial paralysis is the loss of voluntary muscle movement of one side of the face. A quantitative, objective, and reliable assessment system would be an invaluable tool for clinicians treating patients with this condition. This paper presents a novel framework for objective measurement of facial paralysis. The motion information in the horizontal and vertical directions and the appearance features on the apex frames are extracted based on the local binary patterns (LBPs) on the temporal-spatial domain in each facial region. These features are temporally and spatially enhanced by the application of novel block processing schemes. A multiresolution extension of uniform LBP is proposed to efficiently combine the micropatterns and large-scale patterns into a feature vector. The symmetry of facial movements is measured by the resistor-average distance (RAD) between LBP features extracted from the two sides of the face. Support vector machine is applied to provide quantitative evaluation of facial paralysis based on the House-Brackmann (H-B) scale. The proposed method is validated by experiments with 197 subject videos, which demonstrates its accuracy and efficiency. Index Terms--Facial image analysis, facial paralysis measurement, local binary patterns (LBPs).

Abstract: Fraud detection in the telecommunications industry requires the identification of a small fraction of fraudulent calls from the high volume of call traffic. This presents a significant research challenge in the design of efficient and effective algorithms to combat telecommunications fraud. This paper employs Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to build user profile signatures and assumes that any significant unexplainable deviations from the normal activity of an individual user is strongly correlated with fraudulent activity. The user activity is represented as a probability distribution over call features which surmises the user’s calling behaviour. This probability distribution is derived from LDA which can accurately describe user profiles by combining different classes of distributions. To score calls we compare the likelihood of the user generating a call versus a fraudster generating the same call. Our experiments demonstrate that using such a probability distribution and employing even a rough profile of a fraudster’s activity ameliorates the detection of fraudulent calls. Our method is computationally efficient and can scale up to a realistic real time detection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]