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For studying the stress corrosion susceptibility of high manganese austenitic cryogenic steel HM400 in liquid ammonia medium, the slow strain rate test (SSRT) was used to investigate the stress corrosion susceptibility of high manganese austenitic cryogenic steel HM400 in four media: pure liquid ammonia (NH3), air+liquid ammonia (NH3+Air), 0.1 mg/L H2O+pure liquid ammonia (NH3+0.1 mg/L H2O) and air (Air) at room temperature. The fracture micro morphology, crack morphology, change of microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples before and after tests were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and hardness tester. Results showed that strain strengthening occurred in high manganese austenitic cryogenic steel HM400 during tensile deformation. Moreover, HM400 steel possessed poor stress corrosion resistance in liquid ammonia medium, and hence it was not suitable as high parameterization and lightweight materials of liquid ammonia storage and transportation containers.

Plant JASMONATE ZIM‐DOMAIN (JAZ) genes play crucial roles in regulating the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites and stressful responses. However, understanding of JAZs controlling these biological processes lags due to numerous JAZ copies. Here, we found that two leaf‐specific CwJAZ4/9 genes from Curcuma wenyujin are strongly induced by methyl‐jasmonate (MeJA) and negatively correlated with terpenoid biosynthesis. Yeast two‐hybrid, luciferase complementation imaging and in vitro pull‐down assays confirmed that CwJAZ4/9 proteins interact with CwMYC2 to form the CwJAZ4/9‐CwMYC2 regulatory cascade. Furthermore, transgenic hairy roots showed that CwJAZ4/9 acts as repressors of MeJA‐induced terpenoid biosynthesis by inhibiting the terpenoid pathway and jasmonate response, thus reducing terpenoid accumulation. In addition, we revealed that CwJAZ4/9 decreases salt sensitivity and sustains the growth of hairy roots under salt stress by suppressing the salt‐mediated jasmonate responses. Transcriptome analysis for MeJA‐mediated transgenic hairy root lines further confirmed that CwJAZ4/9 negatively regulates the terpenoid pathway genes and massively alters the expression of genes related to salt stress signaling and responses, and crosstalks of multiple phytohormones. Altogether, our results establish a genetic framework to understand how CwJAZ4/9 inhibits terpenoid biosynthesis and confers salt tolerance, which provides a potential strategy for producing high‐value pharmaceutical terpenoids and improving resistant C. wenyujin varieties by a genetic approach. Summary statement: CwJAZ4/9 interacts with CwMYC2 and negatively regulates MeJA‐induced terpenoid biosynthesis by inhibiting jasmonate response in Curcuma wenyujin. Meanwhile, CwJAZ4/9 can confer salt tolerance and sustain hairy root growth by weakening the salt‐mediated JA response and upregulating the expression of stress‐responsive genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of fermentation technology was outlined, offering a comprehensive overview using the skincare industry as a case study/illustrative model. With the integration of various scientific disciplines and the application of emerging technologies, it discusses the diverse purposes, developmental phases, techniques, and prototypical fermentation products presented in various historical contests. Fermentation can be categorized into five stages: traditional fermentation, engineered development, microbiological applications, synthetic biology, and intelligent fermentation. Furthermore, the characteristics, advantages, and effectiveness of fifth-generation fermentation technology were exphasized. Using HiMurchaSin® as an example, how fifth-generation fermentation technology employs a mechanistic exploration guided by 'constituents-efficacy-targets-mechanisms,' to achieve a multi-target anti-aging effect on the skin was explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wenzhou has improved its environmental quality because of comprehensive environmental remediation; nevertheless, the semen quality of infertile males remains unclear. This study determined whether better environmental quality improved semen quality in this region. We recorded semen quality data from 22 962 infertile males from January 2014 to November 2019 at the Center for Reproductive Health of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou, China). Patients were predominantly 30–35 years old (33.1%) and workers (82.0%), with high school education or lower (77.6%); more than a half of the patients (52.6%) were Wenzhou household registration; and most patients (77.5%) had abnormal semen quality. Patients who were older than 40 years and workers, and those with Wenzhou household registration, had significantly worse semen quality (all P < 0.05). From 2014 to 2019, progressive sperm motility, total sperm motility, and semen volume showed increasing linear trends in all patients (P = 0.021, 0.030, and 0.005, respectively), yet normal sperm morphology showed a linearly decreasing trend (P = 0.046). Sensitivity analyses for subgroups yielded similar results. In conclusion, the improvement of environmental quality and better function of the accessory glands are associated with progressive sperm motility, total sperm motility, and semen volume. Normal sperm morphology is influenced by occupational exposures and personal lifestyle and does not improve with environmental quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused extensive loss of life worldwide. Further, the COVID‐19 and influenza mix‐infection had caused great distress to the diagnosis of the disease. To control illness progression and limit viral spread within the population, a real‐time reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) assay for early diagnosis of COVID‐19 was developed, but detection was time‐consuming (4–6 h). To improve the diagnosis of COVID‐19 and influenza, we herein developed a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) method for simple and rapid amplification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the causative agent of COVID‐19 and Influenza A (H1N1, H3N2) and B (influenza B). Genes encoding the matrix protein (M) for H1N1, and the hemagglutinin (HA) for H3N2, and the polymerase A (PA) for Influenza B, and the nucleocapsid protein (N), the RNA‐dependent‐RNA polymerase (RdRP) in the open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) region, and the envelope protein (E) for SARS‐CoV‐2 were selected, and specific primers were designed. We validated our method using SARS‐CoV‐2, H1N1, H3N2 and influenza B plasmid standards and RNA samples extracted from COVID‐19 and Influenza A/B (RT‐PCR‐verified) positive patients. The method could detect SARS‐CoV‐2 plasmid standard DNA quantitatively between 102 and 105 copies/ml with a log linearity of 0.99 in 22 min. And this method also be very effective in simultaneous detection of H1N1, H3N2 and influenza B. Clinical validation of 100 cases revealed a sensitivity of 100% for differentiating COVID‐19 patients from healthy controls when the specificity was set at 90%. These results demonstrate that this nucleic acid testing method is advantageous compared with traditional PCR and other isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods in terms of time and portability. This method could potentially be used for detection of SARS‐CoV‐2, H1N1, H3N2 and influenza B, and adapted for point‐of‐care (POC) detection of a broad range of infectious pathogens in resource‐limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]