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The Jiajika rare metal deposit contains the largest area of granitic pegmatite-type rare metal deposits in China. The X03 vein is an immense rare metal deposit dominated by lithium, which was found in the deposit in recent years. The contact metamorphic belt of tourmalinization and petrochemistry is widely developed in its wall rocks, and the altered rocks formed contain Li and other rare metal mineralization. In this paper, the tourmaline found in the different rocks of the Jiajika X03 vein is divided into four types: two-mica quartz schist (Tur-Ⅰ), tourmaline hornfels (Tur-Ⅱ), tourmaline-bearing granite pegmatite (Tur-Ⅲ) and spodumene-bearing granite pegmatite (Tur-Ⅳ); their in situ major element, trace element and boron isotope data are systematically studied. The results show that all tourmalines in the Jiajika X03 vein deposit belong to the alkali group, and are schorl–Oxy/Fluor–schorl, dravite–Hydroxy-dravite and foitite–Oxy foitite solid solutions, among which Tur-Ⅰ are dravite, Tur-Ⅱ are foitite of hydrothermal origin and Tur-Ⅲ and Tur-Ⅳ are schorl of magmatic origin. The boron isotope values show that the boron involved the formation process of tourmaline mainly originates from the Majingzi S-type granite, and the boron isotope variations in tourmaline are controlled by melt fluid and Rayleigh fractionation. Moreover, there is a clear correlation between the B isotope value of tourmaline and the Li, Mn, Zn, Mg, and V contents, showing that these contents in tourmaline are good indicators of the mineralization type of pegmatite.

To study the effect of DNA methylation on the growth and synthesis of cephalotaxine in Cephalotaxus mannii suspension cells, demethylating reagent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) with different concentrations (15, 25 and 35 μmol/L) was added to the suspension cultures of C. mannii. The results obtained revealed that the effect of 5-Aza-CdR on cell growth depended on its concentration. When cells were treated with an optimum concentration of 5-Aza-CdR 15 μmol/L, the biomass of cells was 15.76 g/L (dry weight, DW), 13.75% higher than control group (13.85 g/L). Additionally, 5-Aza-CdR could improve the enzyme activity associated with the metabolic pathway of cell growth and product biosynthesis. When treated with 5-Aza-CdR, the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), pyruvate kinase (PK) and 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DS) synthase was increased by 21%, 172% and 26%, respectively. At the same time, the content of cephalotaxine reached 7.735 mg/L, was 30% higher than the control group (5.97 mg/L). In addition, it was found that 5-Aza-CdR reduced the expression of two genes related to methyltransferase in cells by 87.87% (caffeic acid ortho-methyltransferase gene) and 86.19% (one hypothetical protein gene), and the level of DNA methylation treated by 5-Aza-CdR was obviously lower than the control. Interestingly, the demethylation by 5-Aza-CdR was only found in the cell growth phase (days 0–15), but not found in the late culture period (days 15–30), indicating that the action sites of 5-Aza-CdR in cells were mainly focused on the primary metabolic process. 5-Aza-CdR effected the prophase of cell growth and promoted the synthesis of cephalotaxine. The decrease of DNA methylation level by 5-Aza-CdR was only found in the cell growth phase (0–15 days). But there had no significant effect at the later stage (15–30 days) of culture.

Background: Hepatorenal and hepatopulmonary syndrome are common clinical diseases; however, their mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Our aim was to determine whether liver injury by bile duct ligation (BDL) causes modifications in kidney and lung tissue in mice, and to explore the possible mechanism of these changes. Methods: BDL in mice was used as a research model. Pathologic changes of liver, kidney, and lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of IGFBPrP1, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6 were investigated in liver, kidney, and lung tissue by immunohistochemical staining and western blot. The correlation between IGFBPrP1 and NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6 protein expression in liver, kidney, and lung tissues of each group was analyzed by the Pearson method. Results: H&E staining showed, after BDL administration in mice, different degrees of inflammatory change in liver, kidney, and lung tissues of mice in each group. The results of immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis showed increased expressions of IGFBPrP1, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6 after BDL. Pearson correlation analysis showed that IGFBPrP1 positively correlated with the expressions of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6. Conclusion: Liver injury caused by bile duct ligation can lead to kidney and lung tissue injury in mice. The mechanism of injury may be related to the high expression of liver injury factor IGFBPrP1, transcription factor NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and IL-6 in kidney and lung tissue. Moreover, an increased expression level of IGFBPrP1 may be accompanied by the activation of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway.

Anammox is an efficient nitrogen removal process, but it is difficult to start-up and operate, and ananammox reactor is the efficient way to resolve this problem. The start-up of anammox reactor by upflow anaerobic filter was studied. Denitrifying sludge, anaerobic sludge, and mixed sludge was inoculated on the packing materials, respectively and an autotrophic denitrification condition was provided by the simulated wastewater influent. Along with the gradual increase of matrix concentration and hydraulic load, the microflora was converted to the anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)reaction. The results showed that the anammox reaction could be started by all the three sludge, and the time of start-up of denitrifying sludge, anaerobic sludge, mixed sludge was 42, 54 days and 45 days, respectively. The best result was that inoculated with denitrifying sludge with 82.2% of the total nitrogen removal rate, which started-up quickly and nitrogen was removed efficiently. Double packing effectively improved the stability of anammox process in the reactor, in which the suitable influent concentration loading for the anammox bacteria was 270 mg·L-1 and 360 mg·L-1 for ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, respectively, and the COD concentration could not be more than 150 mg· L-1. Furthermore, there was a coexist-effect for anaerobic ammonia oxidation and methanation in this reactor system.