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2. Project Sid: Many-agent simulations toward AI civilization

Author

AL, Altera., Ahn, Andrew, Becker, Nic, Carroll, Stephanie, Christie, Nico, Cortes, Manuel, Demirci, Arda, Du, Melissa, Li, Frankie, Luo, Shuying, Wang, Peter Y, Willows, Mathew, Yang, Feitong, and Yang, Guangyu Robert

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Multiagent Systems
Abstract

AI agents have been evaluated in isolation or within small groups, where interactions remain limited in scope and complexity. Large-scale simulations involving many autonomous agents -- reflecting the full spectrum of civilizational processes -- have yet to be explored. Here, we demonstrate how 10 - 1000+ AI agents behave and progress within agent societies. We first introduce the PIANO (Parallel Information Aggregation via Neural Orchestration) architecture, which enables agents to interact with humans and other agents in real-time while maintaining coherence across multiple output streams. We then evaluate agent performance in agent simulations using civilizational benchmarks inspired by human history. These simulations, set within a Minecraft environment, reveal that agents are capable of meaningful progress -- autonomously developing specialized roles, adhering to and changing collective rules, and engaging in cultural and religious transmission. These preliminary results show that agents can achieve significant milestones towards AI civilizations, opening new avenues for large simulations, agentic organizational intelligence, and integrating AI into human civilizations., Comment: 35 pages, 14 figures

Published
2024

8. Identifying variability in surgical practices and instrumentation for hypospadias repair across the Western Pediatric Urology Consortium (WPUC) network.

Author

Yamashiro, Justine, Austin, J, Braga, Luis, Chuang, Kai-Wen, Davis-Dao, Carol, Hecht, Sarah, Holzman, Sarah, McGrath, Melissa, Merguerian, Paul, Saltzman, Amanda, Schaeffer, Anthony, Seideman, Casey, Wang, Peter, Wehbi, Elias, Wu, Hsi-Yang, Khoury, Antoine, Kurzrock, Eric, Sturm, Renea, Lerman, Steven, and Singer, Jennifer

Subjects
Catheters, Hypospadias, Reconstructive surgical procedures, Sutures, Urethra, Child, Male, Humans, Infant, Hypospadias, Urology, Treatment Outcome, Urethra, Plastic Surgery Procedures, Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although hypospadias outcomes studies typically report a level or type of repair performed, these studies often lack applicability to each surgical practice due to technical variability that is not fully delineated. An example is the tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty procedure, for which modifications have been associated with significantly decreased complication rates in single center series. However, many studies fail to report specificity in techniques utilized, thereby limiting comparison between series. OBJECTIVE: With the goal of developing a surgical atlas of hypospadias repair techniques, this study examined 1) current techniques used by surgeons in our network for recording operative notes and 2) operative technical details by surgeon for two common procedures, tubularized incised plate (TIP) distal and proximal hypospadias repairs across a multi-institutional surgical network. STUDY DESIGN: A two-part study was completed. First, a survey was distributed to the network to assess surgeon volume and methods of recording hypospadias repair operative notes. Subsequently, an operative template or a representative de-identified operative note describing a TIP and/or proximal repair with urethroplasty was obtained from participating surgeons. Each was analyzed by at least two individuals for natural language that signified specified portions of the procedure. Procedural details from each note were tabulated and confirmed with each surgeon, clarifying that the recorded findings reflected their current practice techniques and instrumentation. RESULTS: Twenty-five surgeons from 12 institutions completed the survey. The number of primary distal hypospadias repairs performed per surgeon in the past year ranged from 1-10 to >50, with 40% performing 1-20. Primary proximal hypospadias repairs performed in the past year ranged from 1-30, with 60% performing 1-10. 96% of surgeons maintain operative notes within an electronic health record. Of these, 66.7% edited a template as their primary method of note entry; 76.5% of these surgeons reported that the template captures their operative techniques very or moderately well. Operative notes or templates from 16 surgeons at 10 institutions were analyzed. In 7 proximal and 14 distal repairs, parameters for chordee correction, urethroplasty suture selection and technique, tissue utilized, and catheter selection varied widely across surgeons. CONCLUSION: Wide variability in technical surgical details of categorically similar hypospadias repairs was demonstrated across a large surgical network. Surgeon-specific modifications of commonly described procedures are common, and further evaluation of short- and long-term outcomes accounting for these technical variations is needed to determine their relative influence.

Published
2023

9. Radiation therapy with phenotypic medicine: towards N-of-1 personalization

Author

Ming, Chong Li, speaker and Wang, Peter, speaker

Abstract

Current radiotherapy (RT) treatment strategies are developed based on decades-old radiobiological modeling, preclinical work, and population-driven trials. The pre-determined total dose is divided into smaller dose fractions and delivered over several weeks. The treatment responses are typically assessed months after the treatment. However, due to the presence of heterogeneity, the conventional one-dose-fits-all strategy may pose a challenge to optimising outcome. A personalized regimen based on individual response will be favoured. As an alternative strategy, we are proposing a small-data AI-derived phenotypic medicine (PM) platform that does not to any model training and testing in guiding clinicians to dose patient based on individual treatment response in real-time with their own data. It potentially reduces unnecessary toxicity for good responders and prevents inadequate disease control for poor responders.

Published
2024
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10. CSF proteomics identifies early changes in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease

Author

Noble, James M., Day, Gregory S., Graff-Radford, Neill R., Voglein, Jonathan, Allegri, Ricardo, Mendez, Patricio Chrem, Surace, Ezequiel, Berman, Sarah B., Ikonomovic, Snezana, Nadkarni, Neelesh, Lopera, Francisco, Ramirez, Laura, Aguillon, David, Leon, Yudy, Ramos, Claudia, Alzate, Diana, Baena, Ana, Londono, Natalia, Mathias Jucker, Sonia Moreno, Laske, Christoph, Kuder-Buletta, Elke, Graber-Sultan, Susanne, Preische, Oliver, Hofmann, Anna, Ikeuchi, Takeshi, Kasuga, Kensaku, Niimi, Yoshiki, Ishii, Kenji, Senda, Michio, Sanchez-Valle, Raquel, Rosa-Neto, Pedro, Fox, Nick, Cash, Dave, Lee, Jae-Hong, Roh, Jee Hoon, Riddle, Meghan, Menard, William, Bodge, Courtney, Surti, Mustafa, Takada, Leonel Tadao, Farlow, Martin, Chhatwal, Jasmeer P., Sanchez-Gonzalez, V.J., Orozco-Barajas, Maribel, Goate, Alison, Renton, Alan, Esposito, Bianca, Karch, Celeste M., Marsh, Jacob, Cruchaga, Carlos, Fernandez, Victoria, Gordon, Brian A., Fagan, Anne M., Jerome, Gina, Herries, Elizabeth, Llibre-Guerra, Jorge, Levey, Allan I., Johnson, Erik C.B., Seyfried, Nicholas T., Schofield, Peter R., Brooks, William, Bechara, Jacob, Bateman, Randall J., McDade, Eric, Hassenstab, Jason, Perrin, Richard J., Franklin, Erin, Benzinger, Tammie L.S., Chen, Allison, Chen, Charles, Flores, Shaney, Friedrichsen, Nelly, Hantler, Nancy, Hornbeck, Russ, Jarman, Steve, Keefe, Sarah, Koudelis, Deborah, Massoumzadeh, Parinaz, McCullough, Austin, McKay, Nicole, Nicklaus, Joyce, Pulizos, Christine, Wang, Qing, Mishall, Sheetal, Sabaredzovic, Edita, Deng, Emily, Candela, Madison, Smith, Hunter, Hobbs, Diana, Scott, Jalen, Levin, Johannes, Xiong, Chengjie, Wang, Peter, Xu, Xiong, Li, Yan, Gremminger, Emily, Ma, Yinjiao, Bui, Ryan, Lu, Ruijin, Martins, Ralph, Sosa Ortiz, Ana Luisa, Daniels, Alisha, Courtney, Laura, Mori, Hiroshi, Supnet-Bell, Charlene, Xu, Jinbin, Ringman, John, Shen, Yuanyuan, Timsina, Jigyasha, Heo, Gyujin, Beric, Aleksandra, Ali, Muhammad, Wang, Ciyang, Yang, Chengran, Wang, Yueyao, Western, Daniel, Liu, Menghan, Gorijala, Priyanka, Budde, John, Do, Anh, Liu, Haiyan, Gordon, Brian, Llibre-Guerra, Jorge J., Joseph-Mathurin, Nelly, Maschi, Dario, Wyss-Coray, Tony, Pastor, Pau, Renton, Alan E., Surace, Ezequiel I., Alvarez, Ignacio, Ringman, John M., Allegri, Ricardo Francisco, Seyfried, Nicholas, Day, Gregg S., Wu, Qisi, Fernández, M. Victoria, Tarawneh, Rawan, Morris, John C., Ibanez, Laura, and Sung, Yun Ju

Published
2024
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20. Deconstructing pathological tau by biological process in early stages of Alzheimer disease: a method for quantifying tau spatial spread in neuroimaging

Author

Noble, James M., Day, Gregory S., Graff-Radford, Neill R., Voglein, Jonathan, Levin, Johannes, Allegri, Ricardo F., Mendez, Patricio Chrem, Surace, Ezequiel, Berman, Sarah B., Ikonomovic, Snezana, Nadkarni, Neelesh K., Lopera, Francisco, Ramirez, Laura, Aguillon, David, Leon, Yudy, Ramos, Claudia, Alzate, Diana, Baena, Ana, Londono, Natalia, Moreno, Sonia, Jucker, Mathias, Laske, Christoph, Kuder-Buletta, Elke, Graber-Sultan, Susanne, Preische, Oliver, Hofmann, Anna, Ikeuchi, Takeshi, Kasuga, Kensaku, Niimi, Yoshiki, Ishii, Kenji, Senda, Michio, Sanchez-Valle, Raquel, Rosa-Neto, Pedro, Fox, Nick C., Cash, Dave, Lee, Jae-Hong, Roh, Jee Hoon, Salloway, Stephen, Riddle, Meghan C., Menard, William, Bodge, Courtney, Surti, Mustafa, Takada, Leonel Tadao, Farlow, Martin, Chhatwal, Jasmeer P., Sanchez-Gonzalez, V.J., Orozco-Barajas, Maribel, Goate, Alison M., Renton, Alan E., Esposito, Bianca T., Karch, Celeste M., Marsh, Jacob, Cruchaga, Carlos, Fernanadez, Victoria, Gordon, Brian A., Fagan, Anne M., Jerome, Gina, Herries, Elizabeth, Llibre-Guerra, Jorge, Levey, Allan I., Johnson, Erik C.B., Seyfried, Nicholas T., Schofield, Peter R., Brooks, William S., Bechara, Jacob A., Bateman, Randall, McDade, Eric, Hassenstab, Jason, Perrin, Richard J., Franklin, Erin E., Benzinger, Tammie, Chen, Allison, Chen, Charles, Flores, Shaney, Friedrichsen, Nelly, Gordon, Brian, Hantler, Nancy, Hornbeck, Russ, Jarman, Steve, Keefe, Sarah, Koudelis, Deborah, Massoumzadeh, Parinaz, McCullough, Austin, McKay, Nicole, Nicklaus, Joyce, Pulizos, Christine, Wang, Qing, Mishall, Sheetal, Sabaredzovic, Edita, Deng, Emily, Candela, Madison, Smith, Hunter, Hobbs, Diana, Scott, Jalen, Xiong, Chengjie, Wang, Peter, Xu, Xiong, Li, Yan, Gremminger, Emily, Ma, Yinjiao, Bui, Ryan, Lu, Ruijin, Martins, Ralph, Sosa Ortiz, Ana Luisa, Daniels, Alisha, Courtney, Laura, Mori, Hiroshi, Supnet-Bell, Charlene, Xu, Jinbin, Ringman, John, Barthelemy, Nicolas, Morris, John, Smith, Jennifer, Doering, Stephanie, Chen, Charles D., Jarman, Stephen, Jackson, Kelley, Hornbeck, Russ C., Ances, Beau M., Aschenbrenner, Andrew J., Bateman, Randall J., Morris, John C., and Benzinger, Tammie L.S.

Published
2024
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22. Recent developments in filtration media and respirator technology in response to COVID-19.

Author

Wang, Peter L, Roschli, Alex, Paranthaman, M Parans, Theodore, Merlin, Cramer, Corson L, Zangmeister, Chris, Zhang, Yuepeng, Urban, Jeffrey J, and Love, Lonnie

Subjects
Antiviral properties, Filtration efficiency, Manufacturing methods, N95 respirators and filter, Applied Physics, Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry, Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
Abstract

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic triggered a surge in demand for N95 or equivalent respirators that the global supply chain was unable to satisfy. This shortage in critical equipment has inspired research that addresses the immediate problems and has accelerated the development of the next-generation filtration media and respirators. This article provides a brief review of the most recent work with regard to face respirators and filtration media. We discuss filtration efficiency of the widely utilized cloth masks. Next, the sterilization of and reuse of existing N95 respirators to extend the existing stockpile is discussed. To expand near-term supplies, optimization of current manufacturing methods, such as melt-blown processes and electrospinning, has been explored. Future manufacturing methods have been investigated to address long-term supply shortages. Novel materials with antiviral and sterilizable properties with the ability for multiple reuses have been developed and will contribute to the development of the next generation of longer lasting multi-use N95 respirators. Finally, additively manufactured respirators are reviewed, which enable a rapidly deployable source of reusable respirators that can use any filtration fabric.Graphic abstract

Published
2021

25. A multicenter study of acute testicular torsion in the time of COVID-19.

Author

Holzman, Sarah A, Ahn, Jennifer J, Baker, Zoe, Chuang, Kai-Wen, Copp, Hillary L, Davidson, Jacob, Davis-Dao, Carol A, Ewing, Emily, Ko, Joan, Lee, Victoria, Macaraeg, Amanda, Nicassio, Lauren, Sadighian, Michael, Stephany, Heidi A, Sturm, Renea, Swords, Kelly, Wang, Peter, Wehbi, Elias J, Khoury, Antoine E, and Western Pediatric Urology Consortium (WPUC)

Subjects
Western Pediatric Urology Consortium, Humans, Spermatic Cord Torsion, Orchiectomy, Retrospective Studies, Prospective Studies, Male, Pandemics, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemic, Testicular torsion, Urologic emergencies, Patient Safety, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Urology & Nephrology
Abstract

BackgroundTesticular torsion is a surgical emergency, and time to detorsion is imperative for testicular salvage. During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients may delay emergency care due to stay-at-home orders and concern of COVID-19 exposure.ObjectiveTo assess whether emergency presentation for testicular torsion was delayed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the rate of orchiectomy increased compared to a retrospective period.Study designPatients were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter study from seven institutions in the United States and Canada. Inclusion criteria were patients two months to 18 years of age with acute testicular torsion from March through July 2020. The retrospective group included patients from January 2019 through February 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis tests, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression.ResultsA total of 221 patients were included: 84 patients in the COVID-19 cohort and 137 in the retrospective cohort. Median times from symptom onset to emergency department presentation during COVID-19 compared to the retrospective period were 17.9 h (IQR 5.5-48.0) and 7.5 h (IQR 4.0-28.0) respectively (p = 0.04). In the COVID-19 cohort, 42% of patients underwent orchiectomy compared to 29% of pre-pandemic controls (p = 0.06). During COVID-19, 46% of patients endorsed delay in presentation compared to 33% in the retrospective group (p = 0.04).DiscussionWe found a significantly longer time from testicular torsion symptom onset to presentation during the pandemic and a higher proportion of patients reported delaying care. Strengths of the study include the number of included patients and the multicenter prospective design during the pandemic. Limitations include a retrospective pre-pandemic comparison group.ConclusionsIn a large multicenter study we found a significantly longer time from testicular torsion symptom onset to presentation during the pandemic and a significantly higher proportion of patients reported delaying care. Based on the findings of this study, more patient education is needed on the management of testicular torsion during a pandemic.

Published
2021

26. Emergence of functional and structural properties of the head direction system by optimization of recurrent neural networks

Author

Cueva, Christopher J., Wang, Peter Y., Chin, Matthew, and Wei, Xue-Xin

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Recent work suggests goal-driven training of neural networks can be used to model neural activity in the brain. While response properties of neurons in artificial neural networks bear similarities to those in the brain, the network architectures are often constrained to be different. Here we ask if a neural network can recover both neural representations and, if the architecture is unconstrained and optimized, the anatomical properties of neural circuits. We demonstrate this in a system where the connectivity and the functional organization have been characterized, namely, the head direction circuits of the rodent and fruit fly. We trained recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to estimate head direction through integration of angular velocity. We found that the two distinct classes of neurons observed in the head direction system, the Compass neurons and the Shifter neurons, emerged naturally in artificial neural networks as a result of training. Furthermore, connectivity analysis and in-silico neurophysiology revealed structural and mechanistic similarities between artificial networks and the head direction system. Overall, our results show that optimization of RNNs in a goal-driven task can recapitulate the structure and function of biological circuits, suggesting that artificial neural networks can be used to study the brain at the level of both neural activity and anatomical organization., Comment: International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) 2020

Published
2019

30. Responsible AI starts with democratizing AI knowledge

Author

Wang, Peter

Subjects
Democratization, Computers and office automation industries
Abstract

Byline: Peter Wang Since May 2023, the White House, in collaboration with leading AI companies, has been steering towards a comprehensive framework for responsible AI development. While the finalization of [...]

Published
2024

34. Comparison of First-Time Neurocognitive Baseline Cognigram Assessments between American and Brazilian Professional Bull Riding Athletes

Author

Wang, Peter

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the first-time neurocognitive concussion baseline outcomes, using the Cognigram assessment software, between American and Brazilian professional bull riders. The analysis was performed using the database provided by the Professional Bull Riding Association Sports Medicine staff. The Cognigram assessment measures and analyses four outcomes: Psychomotor Function, Attention, Learning, and Working Memory Speed. The study examined the test outcomes of 210 professional bull riders (150 American, 60 Brazilian). A one-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to determine if there a significant difference in the four assessment outcomes when comparing the country of origin subject groups. The results of the analysis reported country of origin has a significant effect on the assessment outcomes, F(8, 406) = 6.407, p < 0.001, Wilks' [lambda] = 0.788, partial [eta][superscript 2] = 0.112. Post hoc analysis reported significant differences in three outcomes (Bonferroni correction, [alpha] = 0.012): Psychomotor Function, F(2, 206) = 21.25, p < 0.001, partial [eta][superscript 2] = 0.17, Attention, F(2, 206) = 18.90, p < 0.001, partial [eta][superscript 2] = 0.16, and Working Memory Speed, F(2, 206) = 7.70, p < 0.001, partial [eta][superscript 2] = 0.07. Country of Origin did not have a significant effect on Learning, F(2, 206) = 1.14, p = 0.321, partial [eta][superscript 2] = 0.01. Extrinsic factors (Testing environment and format and familiarity of testing content) and intrinsic factors (time orientation and physical and mental status at the time of testing) could have significant effects on the disparity between the two groups, affecting assessment outcomes. If cultural bias has a significant effect on Cognigram assessment outcomes, this poses a threat to the validity of the assessment toll; and this may contribute to an increase in the probability of under diagnosis of sport related concussions for Brazilian bull riders. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2022

35. Photometric light curves classification with machine learning

Author

Gabruseva, Tatiana, Zlobin, Sergey, and Wang, Peter

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will complete its survey in 2022 and produce terabytes of imaging data each night. To work with this massive onset of data, automated algorithms to classify astronomical light curves are crucial. Here, we present a method for automated classification of photometric light curves for a range of astronomical objects. Our approach is based on the gradient boosting of decision trees, feature extraction and selection, and augmentation. The solution was developed in the context of The Photometric LSST Astronomical Time Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC) and achieved one of the top results in the challenge.

Published
2019

36. Fractals2019: Combinatorial Optimisation with Dynamic Constraint Annealing

Author

Prokopenko, Mikhail and Wang, Peter

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics, Computer Science - Multiagent Systems, 68R05, 68T42
Abstract

Fractals2019 started as a new experimental entry in the RoboCup Soccer 2D Simulation League, based on Gliders2d code base, and advanced to become a RoboCup-2019 champion. We employ combinatorial optimisation methods, within the framework of Guided Self-Organisation, with the search guided by local constraints. We present examples of several tactical tasks based on the Gliders2d code (version v2), including the search for an optimal assignment of heterogeneous player types, as well as blocking behaviours, offside trap, and attacking formations. We propose a new method, Dynamic Constraint Annealing, for solving dynamic constraint satisfaction problems, and apply it to optimise thermodynamic potential of collective behaviours, under dynamically induced constraints., Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, RoboCup-2019, champion paper

Published
2019

38. Gliders2d: Source Code Base for RoboCup 2D Soccer Simulation League

Author

Prokopenko, Mikhail and Wang, Peter

Subjects
Computer Science - Multiagent Systems
Abstract

We describe Gliders2d, a base code release for Gliders, a soccer simulation team which won the RoboCup Soccer 2D Simulation League in 2016. We trace six evolutionary steps, each of which is encapsulated in a sequential change of the released code, from v1.1 to v1.6, starting from agent2d-3.1.1 (set as the baseline v1.0). These changes improve performance by adjusting the agents' stamina management, their pressing behaviour and the action-selection mechanism, as well as their positional choice in both attack and defense, and enabling riskier passes. The resultant behaviour, which is sufficiently generic to be applicable to physical robot teams, increases the players' mobility and achieves a better control of the field. The last presented version, Gliders2d-v1.6, approaches the strength of Gliders2013, and outperforms agent2d-3.1.1 by four goals per game on average. The sequential improvements demonstrate how the methodology of human-based evolutionary computation can markedly boost the overall performance with even a small number of controlled steps., Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, Gliders2d code release

Published
2018

45. Structural basis for ion selectivity in potassium-selective channelrhodopsins

Author

Tajima, Seiya, Kim, Yoon Seok, Fukuda, Masahiro, Jo, YoungJu, Wang, Peter Y., Paggi, Joseph M., Inoue, Masatoshi, Byrne, Eamon F.X., Kishi, Koichiro E., Nakamura, Seiwa, Ramakrishnan, Charu, Takaramoto, Shunki, Nagata, Takashi, Konno, Masae, Sugiura, Masahiro, Katayama, Kota, Matsui, Toshiki E., Yamashita, Keitaro, Kim, Suhyang, Ikeda, Hisako, Kim, Jaeah, Kandori, Hideki, Dror, Ron O., Inoue, Keiichi, Deisseroth, Karl, and Kato, Hideaki E.

Published
2023
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46. Comparison of amyloid burden in individuals with Down syndrome versus autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease: a cross-sectional study

Author

Aizenstein, Howard J, Andrews, Howard F, Bell, Karen, Birn, Rasmus M, Bulova, Peter, Cheema, Amrita, Chen, Kewei, Clare, Isabel, Clark, Lorraine, Cohen, Ann D, Constantino, John N, Doran, Eric W, Feingold, Eleanor, Foroud, Tatiana M, Hartley, Sigan L, Hom, Christy, Honig, Lawrence, Ikonomovic, Milos D, Johnson, Sterling C, Jordan, Courtney, Kamboh, M Ilyas, Keator, David, Klunk MD, William E, Kofler, Julia K, Kreisl, William C, Krinsky- McHale, Sharon J, Lao, Patrick, Laymon, Charles, Lott, Ira T, Lupson, Victoria, Mathis, Chester A, Minhas, Davneet S, Nadkarni, Neelesh, Pang, Deborah, Petersen, Melissa, Price, Julie C, Pulsifer, Margaret, Reiman, Eric, Rizvi, Batool, Sabbagh, Marwan N, Schupf, Nicole, Tudorascu, Dana L, Tumuluru, Rameshwari, Tycko, Benjamin, Varadarajan, Badri, White, Desiree A, Yassa, Michael A, Zaman, Shahid, Zhang, Fan, Adams, Sarah, Allegri, Ricardo, Araki, Aki, Barthelemy, Nicolas, Bechara, Jacob, Berman, Sarah, Bodge, Courtney, Brandon, Susan, Brooks, William, Brosch, Jared, Buck, Jill, Buckles, Virginia, Carter, Kathleen, Cash, Lisa, Mendez, Patricio C, Chua, Jasmin, Chui, Helena, Courtney, Laura, Day, Gregory, DeLaCruz, Chrismary, Denner, Darcy, Diffenbacher, Anna, Dincer, Aylin, Donahue, Tamara, Douglas, Jane, Duong, Duc, Egido, Noelia, Esposito, Bianca, Farlow, Marty, Feldman, Becca, Fitzpatrick, Colleen, Fox, Nick, Franklin, Erin, Joseph-Mathurin, Nelly, Fujii, Hisako, Gardener, Samantha, Ghetti, Bernardino, Goate, Alison, Goldberg, Sarah, Goldman, Jill, Gonzalez, Alyssa, Gräber-Sultan, Susanne, Graff-Radford, Neill, Graham, Morgan, Gray, Julia, Gremminger, Emily, Grilo, Miguel, Groves, Alex, Haass, Christian, Häslerc, Lisa, Hellm, Cortaiga, Herries, Elizabeth, Hoechst-Swisher, Laura, Hofmann, Anna, Holtzman, David, Hornbeck, Russ, Igor, Yakushev, Ihara, Ryoko, Ikeuchi, Takeshi, Ikonomovic, Snezana, Ishii, Kenji, Jack, Clifford, Jerome, Gina, Johnson, Erik, Jucker, Mathias, Karch, Celeste, Käser, Stephan, Kasuga, Kensaku, Keefe, Sarah, Klunk, William, Koeppe, Robert, Koudelis, Deb, Kuder-Buletta, Elke, Laske, Christoph, Levey, Allan, Levin, Johannes, Li, Yan, Lopez, Oscar, Marsh, Jacob, Martins, Ralph, Mason, Neal S, Masters, Colin, Mawuenyega, Kwasi, McCullough, Austin, Mejia, Arlene, Morenas-Rodriguez, Estrella, Morris, John C, Mountz, James, Mummery, Catherine, Nagamatsu, Akemi, Neimeyer, Katie, Niimi, Yoshiki, Noble, James, Norton, Joanne, Nuscher, Brigitte, Obermüller, Ulricke, O'Connor, Antoinette, Patira, Riddhi, Ping, Lingyan, Preische, Oliver, Renton, Alan, Ringman, John, Salloway, Stephen, Schofield, Peter, Senda, Michio, Seyfried, Nicholas T, Shady, Kristine, Shimada, Hiroyuki, Sigurdson, Wendy, Smith, Jennifer, Smith, Lori, Snitz, Beth, Sohrabi, Hamid, Stephens, Sochenda, Taddei, Kevin, Thompson, Sarah, Vöglein, Jonathan, Wang, Peter, Wang, Qing, Weamer, Elise, Xu, Jinbin, Xu, Xiong, Boerwinkle, Anna H, Gordon, Brian A, Wisch, Julie, Flores, Shaney, Henson, Rachel L, Butt, Omar H, McKay, Nicole, Chen, Charles D, Benzinger, Tammie L S, Fagan, Anne M, Handen, Benjamin L, Christian, Bradley T, Head, Elizabeth, Mapstone, Mark, Rafii, Michael S, O'Bryant, Sid, Lai, Florence, Rosas, H Diana, Lee, Joseph H, Silverman, Wayne, Brickman, Adam M, Chhatwal, Jasmeer P, Cruchaga, Carlos, Perrin, Richard J, Xiong, Chengjie, Hassenstab, Jason, McDade, Eric, Bateman, Randall J, and Ances, Beau M

Published
2023
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47. Heterogeneity in allospecific T cell function in transplant-tolerant hosts determines susceptibility to rejection following infection

Author

McIntosh, Christine M., Allocco, Jennifer B., Wang, Peter, McKeague, Michelle L., Cassano, Alexandra, Wang, Ying, Xie, Stephen Z., Hynes, Grace, Mora-Cartin, Ricardo, Abbondanza, Domenic, Chen, Luqiu, Sattar, Husain, Yin, Dengping, Zhang, Zheng J., Chong, Anita S., and Alegre, Maria-Luisa

Subjects
T cells -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Antigens -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Infection -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Disease susceptibility -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Peptides -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Heart -- Transplantation, Health care industry
Abstract

Even when successfully Induced, Immunological tolerance to solid organs remains vulnerable to Inflammatory Insults, which can trigger rejection. In a mouse model of cardiac allograft tolerance in which infection with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) precipitates rejection of previously accepted grafts, we showed that recipient [CD4.sup.+] TCR75 cells reactive to a donor MHC class I-derived peptide become hypofunctional if the allograft is accepted for more than 3 weeks. Paradoxically, infection-induced transplant rejection was not associated with transcriptional or functional reinvigoration of TCR75 cells. We hypothesized that there is heterogeneity in the level of dysfunction of different allospecific T cells, depending on duration of their cognate antigen expression. Unlike [CD4.sup.+] TCR75 cells, [CD4.sup.+] TEa cells specific for a peptide derived from donor MHC class II, an alloantigen whose expression declines after transplantation but remains inducible in settings of inflammation, retained function in tolerant mice and expanded during Lm-induced rejection. Repeated injections of alloantigens drove hypofunction in TEa cells and rendered grafts resistant to Lm-dependent rejection. Our results uncover a functional heterogeneity in allospecific T cells of distinct specificities after tolerance induction and reveal a strategy to defunctionalize a greater repertoire of allospecific T cells, thereby mitigating a critical vulnerability of tolerance., Introduction Achieving stable donor-specific transplantation tolerance holds the potential for vastly improving the quality of life for transplant recipients by eliminating the lifelong exposure to drug toxicity, higher risk of [...]

Published
2023
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49. Method for Calibration of Left Ventricle Material Properties Using Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Endocardial Strains

Author

Dabiri, Yaghoub, Sack, Kevin L, Rebelo, Nuno, Wang, Peter, Wang, Yunjie, Choy, Jenny S, Kassab, Ghassan S, and Guccione, Julius M

Subjects
Cardiovascular, Biomedical Imaging, Bioengineering, Heart Disease, Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
Abstract

We sought to calibrate mechanical properties of left ventricle (LV) based on three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiographic imaging data recorded from 16 segments defined by American Heart Association (AHA). The in vivo data were used to create finite element (FE) LV and biventricular (BV) models. The orientation of the fibers in the LV model was rule based, but diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were used for the fiber directions in the BV model. A nonlinear fiber-reinforced constitutive equation was used to describe the passive behavior of the myocardium, whereas the active tension was described by a model based on tissue contraction (Tmax). isight was used for optimization, which used abaqus as the forward solver (Simulia, Providence, RI). The calibration of passive properties based on the end diastolic pressure volume relation (EDPVR) curve resulted in relatively good agreement (mean error = -0.04 ml). The difference between the experimental and computational strains decreased after segmental strain metrics, rather than global metrics, were used for calibration: for the LV model, the mean difference reduced from 0.129 to 0.046 (circumferential) and from 0.076 to 0.059 (longitudinal); for the BV model, the mean difference nearly did not change in the circumferential direction (0.061) but reduced in the longitudinal direction from 0.076 to 0.055. The calibration of mechanical properties for myocardium can be improved using segmental strain metrics. The importance of realistic fiber orientation and geometry for modeling of the LV was shown.

Published
2019

50. Avoiding routine postoperative voiding cystourethrogram: Predicting radiologic success for endoscopically treated vesicoureteral reflux

Author

Wang, Peter Zhan Tao, Abdelhalim, Ahmed, Walia, Arman, Wehbi, Elias, Dave, Sumit, and Khoury, Antoine

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Bioengineering, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Urology & Nephrology, Clinical sciences, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

IntroductionVariability in the success rates for the endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has prompted a debate regarding the use of routine postoperative voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). This study examines the predictive performance of intraoperative mound morphology (IMM) and the presence of a postoperative ultrasound mound (PUM) on radiologic success, as well as investigates the role of using these two predictive factors as a composite tool to predict VUR resolution after endoscopic treatment.MethodsThis retrospective study included children with primary VUR who underwent endoscopic correction with a double hydrodistension-implantation technique (HIT) and dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer. IMM was assessed intraoperatively. The presence of a PUM and VUR resolution were assessed by postoperative ultrasound (US) and VCUG, respectively. Radiologic success was defined as VUR resolution.ResultsA total of 70 children (97 ureters) were included in the study. The overall radiologic success rate was 83.5%. There was no statistically significant association between radiologic success and IMM (85.2% with excellent and 87.5% with "other" morphology; p=0.81). The sensitivity and specificity of PUM for radiologic success in this study was 98% and 71%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of the combined prediction model were 81.9% and 85.7%, respectively.ConclusionsWe objectively demonstrated that IMM was a poor predictor of radiologic success and should be used with caution. In addition, the performance of a combined prediction model was inferior to the presence of a PUM alone. As such, selective use of postoperative VCUG may be guided solely by the presence of a PUM.

Published
2019

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