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Under servitization (one paradigm of non-ownership-transfer) business model such as sharing, a manufacturer is responsible not only for product design but also for maintenance. This paper deals with joint decision of product quality and maintenance under servitization. A model minimising total cost is formulated to obtain the optimal product quality, maintenance effort and maintenance times. We find that the total cost first decreases then increases with product quality, maintenance effort and maintenance times. Moderate quality and maintenance effort level are the best for the manufacturer, because too high or too low quality and effort cause too high total cost. However, preventive maintenance should be implemented as many times as possible until the failure cost is reduced to zero as long as each maintenance can save cost. Moreover, in the optimal joint decision, the product quality, maintenance effort and maintenance times are negatively correlated in pairs. In addition, we explore the impact of unit failure cost, product lifecycle, production cost, maintenance cost, and failure intensity on the manufacturer's optimal decisions. In extensions, we further take penalty cost, exponential failure distribution, discount rate, and customer usage into account. This paper provides insight for the manufacturer to jointly consider product design and maintenance under servitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of the present study was to detect the association between platelet glycoprotein-specific autoantibodies and the patient response to short-term high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) + prednisone maintenance treatment. Methods The data from 112 adult patients newly diagnosed with ITP who were administered first-line HD-DXM + prednisone maintenance therapy between January 2016 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 72 patients positive for platelet glycoprotein-specific antibodies were enrolled in the antibody-positive group, and 40 patients not positive for platelet glycoprotein-specific antibodies were enrolled in the antibody-negative group. In the antibody-positive group, six platelet glycoprotein-specific antibody types were found: 41.67% of the patients were anti-GP IIb/IIIa-positive only, 5.56% were anti-GP Ib/IX-positive only, 5.56% were anti-P-selectin-positive only, 19.44% were anti-GP IIb/IIIa- and anti-GP Ib/IX-positive, 16.67% were anti-GP Ib/IX- and P-selectin-positive and 11.11% were positive for all three antibodies. There was no significant difference in the overall response rate between the antibody-positive group and the antibody-negative group (94.44 versus 80.00%, p = .221). However, the CR rate was significantly higher in the antibody-positive group than in the antibody-negative group (69.44% versus 40.00%, p = .032). The logistic regression analysis revealed that platelet glycoprotein-specific antibody positivity and age were two factors that could affect patient response. Conclusions The present study discovered that adult patients newly diagnosed with ITP who had positive platelet glycoprotein-specific antibody test results were likely to achieve a better response after treatment with HD-DXM + prednisone maintenance.

Olanzapine has already been used to treat schizophrenia patients; however, the initial dosage recommendation when multiple drugs are used in combination, remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the drug–drug interaction (DDI) of multiple drugs combined with olanzapine and to recommend the optimal administration of olanzapine in schizophrenia patients. Methods: In this study, we obtained olanzapine concentrations from therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) database. In addition, related medical information, such as physiological, biochemical indexes, and concomitant drugs was acquired using medical log. Sixty-five schizophrenia patients were enrollmented for analysis using population pharmacokinetic model by means of nonlinear mixed effect (NONMEM). Results: Weight and combined use of aripiprazole significantly affected olanzapine clearance. Without aripiprazole, for once-daily olanzapine administration dosages, 0.6, 0.5 mg/kg/day were recommended for 40– 70, and 70– 100 kg schizophrenia patients, respectively; for twice-daily olanzapine administration dosages, 0.6, 0.5 mg/kg/day were recommended for 40– 60, and 60– 100 kg schizophrenia patients, respectively. With aripiprazole, for once-daily olanzapine administration dosages, 0.4, 0.3 mg/kg/day were recommended for 40– 53, and 53– 100 kg schizophrenia patients, respectively; for twice-daily olanzapine administration dosages, 0.4 mg/kg/day was recommended for 40– 100 kg schizophrenia patients, respectively. Conclusion: Aripiprazole significantly affected olanzapine clearance, and when schizophrenia patients use aripiprazole, the olanzapine dosages need adjust. Meanwhile, we firstly recommended the optimal initial dosages of olanzapine in schizophrenia patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new biflavone (philonotisflavone-3′′′-methyl ether), three diterpenes (lupulin G, lupulin H, lupulin I), a new ecdysteroid (ajugasterone E), and four known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Ajuga lupulina Maxim. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including MS, NMR and ECD spectral data. Compounds 1-3 has DPPH radical scavenging ability, and compound 1 has stronger activity than vitamin C. Compounds 2, 3, 7 and 8 have potential cytotoxic activity against Hela, with IC50 values less than 20.0 μM. Abietane diterpenes 2, 3, 7 and 8 are also found to have NO inhibitory effects with IC50 values less than 40.0 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of innovation power in industry-university-research (IUR) cooperation is one of the important reasons leading to low independent innovation ability in China. Considering the long-term and dynamic nature of IUR innovation effort, the differential game method is used to compare and analyse the optimal decision under four scenarios: independent R&D by enterprises and university-research institutes, tax incentives for enterprises by the government, tax incentives and subsidies by the government, and a Stackelberg game considering the internal cost subsidy of enterprises. The results show that government tax incentives can improve the enthusiasm of enterprises for cooperative innovation, while government subsidies can simultaneously improve the enthusiasm of IUR institutes for cooperative innovation and can enhance the overall benefits of both parties and even the system. When certain conditions are met based on the government’s tax incentive and subsidy policies, the innovation effort, cooperative innovation level and benefits in the Stackelberg game are optimal, and Pareto improvement can be achieved. The optimal benefits of enterprises and university-research institutes, the total benefits of the system, and the optimal trajectory of the cooperative innovation level tend to be stable over time in the four game scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]