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PR, IFPRI3; DCA; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; ISI, Nutrition, Diets, and Health (NDH); Food and Nutrition Policy, Unhealthy eating habits are common among adolescents in Vietnam, where transitioning food environments increasingly offer energy-dense micronutrient-poor foods. Successful behavior change approaches must be feasible and acceptable, promoting local foods that are available, accessible, and preferred. Yet, few studies have investigated the potential of food-based approaches for adolescents. We used linear programming to identify problem nutrients, local nutrient sources, and realistic food-based recommendations (FBRs) to improve nutrient intake among girls 16–22 years in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. We then identified a reduced set of FBRs to prioritize the most critical micronutrient gaps. Calcium and iron targets could not be met in any realistic diet modeling scenario. The best set of FBRs included seven recommendations which could meet intake targets for 9 of 11 modeled micronutrients. The best reduced set of three FBRs targeting iron and calcium only—although more feasible for behavior change—was less effective at improving intake of these nutrients since fewer foods were recommended. Given the difficulty of meeting calcium and iron targets using local foods within acceptable dietary patterns, additional interventions, such as supplementation, staple food fortification, or increasing the availability of affordable calcium- and iron-rich foods, may be necessary to promote dietary adequacy for adolescent girls.

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; CRP4; Capacity Strengthening; DCA; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Nudging for Good, Nutrition, Diets, and Health (NDH); Food and Nutrition Policy; A4NH, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), Background Important gaps exist in the dietary intake of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), partly due to expensive assessment methods and inaccuracy in portion-size estimation. Dietary assessment tools leveraging mobile technologies exist but only a few have been validated in LMICs. Objective We validated Food Recognition Assistance and Nudging Insights (FRANI), a mobile artificial intelligence (AI) dietary assessment application in adolescent females aged 12–18 y (n = 36) in Ghana, against weighed records (WR), and multipass 24-hour recalls (24HR). Methods Dietary intake was assessed during 3 nonconsecutive days using FRANI, WRs, and 24HRs. Equivalence of nutrient intake was tested using mixed-effect models adjusted for repeated measures, by comparing ratios (FRANI/WR and 24HR/WR) with equivalence margins at 10%, 15%, and 20% error bounds. Agreement between methods was assessed using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Results Equivalence for FRANI and WR was determined at the 10% bound for energy intake, 15% for 5 nutrients (iron, zinc, folate, niacin, and vitamin B6), and 20% for protein, calcium, riboflavin, and thiamine intakes. Comparisons between 24HR and WR estimated equivalence at the 20% bound for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, thiamine, and vitamin A intakes. The CCCs by nutrient between FRANI and WR ranged between 0.30 and 0.68, which was similar for CCC between 24HR and WR (ranging between 0.38 and 0.67). Comparisons of food consumption episodes from FRANI and WR found 31% omission and 16% intrusion errors. Omission and intrusion errors were lower when comparing 24HR with WR (21% and 13%, respectively). Conclusions FRANI AI–assisted dietary assessment could accurately estimate nutrient intake in adolescent females compared with WR in urban Ghana. FRANI estimates were at least as accurate as those provided through 24HR. Further improvements in food recognition and portion estimation in FRANI could reduce errors an

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; DCA; Capacity Strengthening; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all, Nutrition, Diets, and Health (NDH); Food and Nutrition Policy, Adolescence is a sensitive transition time that affects rights, roles, and responsibilities in food choice, yet limited evidence exists on dietary intakes during this critical period. This study assessed the food consumption pattern and the adequacy of energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes among female youth belonging to three occupational groups in Vietnam. Dietary intakes were measured for 1001 participants aged 16–22 years using INDDEX24's 24-h recall method. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine differences in diet outcomes among the three occupational groups. Dietary diversity was similar across groups but workers, compared to high school and college students, consumed less baked/grain-based sweets and fast foods, and more soft drinks, other sweets, and processed meat. Two-thirds of the sample showed energy intake lower than the estimated energy requirement, while a substantial percentage had insufficient or excessive intake of carbohydrate and fat. The mean probability of adequacy of nutrient intakes was low (0.33) and not different across all three occupational groups except for folate, which favored workers. Our study provides novel evidence supporting the development and implementation of interventions to achieve national targets, with emphasis on female youths who undergo special transitions in education, occupation, and lifestyle.

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; DCA; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all, Nutrition, Diets, and Health (NDH); Food and Nutrition Policy, Adolescent and young women face grave nutrition challenges, but limited evidence exists on solutions to improve their diets. Action-research was done over 3 years (2020–2022) in secondary cities of Colombia (Medellin) and Vietnam (Thai Nguyen) to identify nutrient deficits in adolescent and young women diets; elaborate food-based recommendations to improve their nutritional status using Optifood linear programming; and engage respondents in incorporating suggested recommendations to their diet using a Social Innovation Challenge approach. A total of 1001 respondents were interviewed in Vietnam, 793 in Colombia. The probability of nutrient inadequacy in both locations was highest for iron and calcium, followed by the risk of deficiency for several other vitamins and minerals. Social Innovation Challenge teams (11 in Vietnam, 9 in Colombia) were created and supported in developing solutions to improve diets and tackle those deficiencies. Awards and resources were transferred to the most promising solutions to enable their implementation. Pre/post measurements of the interventions’ impact using the Global Diet Quality Score as outcome metric showed significant improvement in the diets of Challenge participants. After introducing a series of companion articles that offer detailed results on those various steps, this paper draws strategic lessons from an action-research perspective.

PR, IFPRI3; DCA; ISI; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all, Nutrition, Diets, and Health (NDH); Food and Nutrition Policy, Background The long-term association between preconception maternal hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and child health and development is unclear. Objectives We examined associations between maternal preconception Hb concentrations and anemia with 1) birth outcomes (weight, length, preterm, gestational age, small for gestational age); 2) child Hb at 3 mo, 6 mo, 12 mo, and 24 mo; and 3) motor and mental development at 12 mo and 24 mo (Bayley scales for infant development) and cognitive functioning at 6–7 y (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children). Methods We used data from a randomized controlled trial (PRECONCEPT) conducted in Vietnam. Over 5000 women who were intending to conceive were recruited, and offspring were prospectively followed from birth (n = 1599) through 6–7 y (n = 1318). Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to assess the association between preconception Hb or anemia (Hb < 12g/dL) on child health and development outcomes, adjusted by supplementation group (tested for interactions) and confounding at maternal, child, and household levels. Results At preconception enrollment, 20% of the women were anemic. Maternal preconception Hb was positively associated with child Hb at 3 mo (0.06; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12), 6 mo (0.08; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.13), 12 mo (0.10; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.15), and 24 mo (0.07; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.12). Likewise, maternal preconception Hb was associated with reduced risk of child anemia at 6 mo (0.89; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98), 12 mo (0.81; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.89), and 24 mo (0.87; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.95). Maternal preconception anemia was negatively associated with cognition (−1.64; 95% CI: −3.09, −0.19) and language development (−1.61; 95% CI: −3.20, −0.03) at 24 mo. Preconception Hb was not associated with birth outcomes or cognitive outcomes at 6–7 y. Conclusions Maternal preconception Hb was associated with child Hb across the first 1000 d of life. However, preconception Hb was not a significant predictor of birth outcomes or cognitive out

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; DCA; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all, Nutrition, Diets, and Health (NDH); Food and Nutrition Policy, Background: The long-term association between preconception maternal hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and child health and development is unclear. Objective: We examined associations between maternal preconception Hb concentrations and anemia with: a) birth outcomes (weight, length, preterm, gestational age, small-for-gestational-age); b) child Hb at 3 mo, 6 mo, 12 mo, and 24 mo; c) motor and mental development at 12 mo and 24 mo (Bayley scales for infant development) and cognitive functioning at 6-7y (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children). Methods: We used data from a randomized controlled trial (PRECONCEPT) conducted in Vietnam. Over 5000 women who were intending to conceive were recruited and offspring were prospectively followed from birth (n=1599) through 6-7y (n=1318). Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to assess the association between preconception Hb or anemia (Hb < 11g/dL) on child health and development outcomes, adjusted by supplementation group (tested for interactions) and confounding at maternal, child and household levels. Results: At preconception enrollment, 20% of the women were anemic. Maternal preconception Hb was positively associated with child Hb at 3 mo (0.06; 95% CI: 0.01,0.12), 6 mo (0.08; 95% CI: 0.03,0.13), 12 mo (0.10; 95% CI: 0.04-0.15) and 24 mo (0.07; 95% CI: 0.02,0.12). Likewise, maternal preconception Hb was associated with reduced risk of child anemia at 6mo (0.89; 95% CI: 0.81-0.98), 12 mo (0.81; 95% CI: 0.74-0.89) and 24 mo (0.87; 95% CI: 0.79-0.95). Maternal preconception anemia was negatively associated with cognition (-1.64; 95% CI: -3.09, -0.19) and language development (-1.61; 95% CI: -3.20, -0.03) at 24mo. Preconception Hb was not associated with birth outcomes or cognitive outcomes at 6-7y. Conclusion: Maternal preconception Hb was associated with child Hb across the first 1000 days of life. However, preconception Hb was not a significant predictor of birth outcomes or cognitive outcomes at 6-7y in

PR, 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; IFPRI3; ISI, Nutrition, Diets, and Health (NDH); Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion (PGI); Food and Nutrition Policy, Background: Inequity in child development is found at early age, but limited evidence exists on whether these gaps change over time and what are the mediators. Objective: We aim to (1) quantify wealth related gaps in cognitive and socio-emotional development in early and middle childhood; (2) examine how these gaps were mitigated by maternal, child factors and home environment. Methods: We assessed the offspring of women who participated in a randomized controlled trial of preconception micronutrient supplementation in Vietnam (n = 1599). Child development was measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III (at 1-2y) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children®—IV (at 6-7y). We used multivariable regression to estimate the changes in wealth gaps for child development over time, adjusting for potential factors that potentially influence cognitive development. Results: We found significant wealth gaps in cognitive development during early childhood (gaps between top and bottom quintiles: 0.5 SD); these gaps increased substantially in middle childhood (0.9 SD). Wealth disparity in social emotion did not change over time (0.26–0.28 SD). Maternal factors, quality of home environment, and child nutritional status mitigated the wealth gap in cognitive development (7-42%) in early childhood. The contribution of these mitigating factors was smaller in middle childhood (2- 15%). Wealth gap in social emotion reduced by 13% and 43% among children with better nutritional status at 2y and higher quality of home environment at 6-7y, respectively. Conclusion: Interventions focusing on improving quality of home environment, maternal education, wellbeing, and child nutrition status may help reduce developmental deficits associated with poverty.

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; DCA; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Nudging for Good; IFPRIOA, PHND, Background: There is a gap in data on dietary intake of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. Traditional methods for dietary assessment are resource intensive and lack accuracy with regards to portion size estimation. Technology assisted dietary assessment tools have been proposed but few have been validated for feasibility of use in LMICs. Objectives: We assess the relative validity of FRANI (Food Recognition Assistance and Nudging Insights), a mobile Artificial Intelligence (AI) application for dietary assessment in adolescent females (n = 36) aged 12–18y in Vietnam, against weighed records (WR) standard, and compared FRANI performance to a multi-pass 24-hour recall (24HR).

PR, IFPRI3; POSHAN; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; DCA; ISI, PHND; SAR, Global success case analyses have identified factors supporting reductions in stunting across countries; less is known about successes at the subnational levels. We studied four states in India, assessing contributors to reductions in stunting between 2006 and 2016. Using public datasets, literature review, policy analyses and stakeholder interviews, we interpreted changes in the context of policies, programs and enabling environment. Primary contributors to stunting reduction were improvements in coverage of health and nutrition interventions (ranged between 11 to 23% among different states), household conditions (22–47%), and maternal factors (15–30%). Political and bureaucratic leadership engaged civil society and development partners facilitated change. Policy and program actions to address the multidimensional determinants of stunting reduction occur in sectors addressing poverty, food security, education, health services and nutrition programs. Therefore, for stunting reduction, focus should be on implementing multisectoral actions with equity, quality, and intensity with assured convergence on the same geographies and households.

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; DCA; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; IFPRIOA, PHND, Background: Millions of children fail to meet their developmental potential and experience mental health concerns globally. Evidence is mixed on whether growth beyond the first 1000 d of life influences intellectual functioning and mental health in school-age children. Objectives: We examined associations of childhood growth before and after the first 1000 d of life with child intellectual functioning and mental health at age 6–7 y. Methods: We used data from a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of preconception supplementation (PRECONCEPT study) in Vietnam. A total of 5011 women participated in the study and 1579 children were born during 2012–2014. At age 6–7 y, child intellectual functioning was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and mental health concerns were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multivariable linear models were used to examine the independent association of child size at age 2 y [height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and body-mass-index z-score (BMIZ)] and conditional measures of linear and ponderal growth between the ages of 2 and 7 y. Results: HAZ at 2 y was positively associated with the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (β = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.5, 2.2 points) and its subdomains, namely Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, and Processing Speed Index (β = 1.0–1.4 points). Higher HAZ at 2 y was associated with lower overall mental health concerns (β = −0.24; 95% CI: −0.47, −0.01) and peer problems (β = −0.08; 95% CI: −0.17, −0.01). Faster height gain between 2 and 7 y was associated with higher total intellectual functioning (β = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.8) and fewer emotional issues (β = −0.09; 95% CI: −0.18, −0.01). BMIZ at 2 y was not associated with intellectual functioning but was marginally associated with higher conduct and peer problems. Conditional weight gain between 2 and 7 y was not associated with child intellectual functioning or mental health in young school-age children. Concl

Non-PR, IFPRI1; CRP4; DCA; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Nudging for Good, PHND; A4NH, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), This Food Atlas provides a photograph series of the 360 meals most commonly eaten by adolescent girls in Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam. It was developed using calibrated portion sizes and standardized methods and consists of pictures, recipes, and portion sizes per meal, including weights. The purpose of this Food Atlas is to improve the accuracy of portion-size estimation during food consumption surveys. The images can be shown to respondents to help them accurately describe the amount of food consumed. The meals were selected using previous food consumption surveys aimed at understanding the eating patterns of urban girls between ages 15 and 17, as well as from traditional cookbooks and national food composition tables. A rapid school survey of 290 teenage girls was also used in Thai Nguyen to refine the final list of 360 meals. When recipes were not available from existing sources for particular meals, the cooking team collected the ingredients and developed recipes based on food composition tables developed by Viet Nam’s National Institute of Nutrition (NIN). Some recipes were also collected from street vendors when other sources did not provide sufficient information. When many recipes were available for a particular meal, the project team prepared and photographed the three most common recipes, prioritizing the preparations used by street vendors. For dishes with varying ingredients, the distribution of ingredient variations from past surveys was tabulated, and the most common ingredient variations were prepared, weighed, and photographed.

PR, IFPRI3; ISI; CRP4; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; POSHAN, PHND; A4NH; SAR, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), Suboptimal dietary intake is a critical cause of poor maternal nutrition, with several adverse consequences both for mothers and for their children. This study aimed to (1) assess maternal dietary patterns in India; (2) examine enablers and barriers in adopting recommended diets; (3) review current policy and program strategies to improve dietary intakes. We used mixed methods, including empirical analysis, compiling data from available national and subnational surveys, and reviewing literature, policy, and program strategies. Diets among pregnant women are characterized by low energy, macronutrient imbalance, and inadequate micronutrient intake. Supply- and demand-side constraints to healthy diets include food unavailability, poor economic situation, low exposure to nutrition counselling, food restrictions and taboos, adverse family influence and gender norms, and gaps in knowledge. Intervention strategies with potential to improve maternal diets include food-based programs, behavior change communication, and nutrition-sensitive agriculture interventions. However, strategies face implementation bottlenecks and limited effectiveness in real-world at-scale impact evaluations. In conclusion, investments in systems approaches spanning health, nutrition, and agriculture sectors, with evaluation frameworks at subnational levels, are needed to promote healthy diets for women.

2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Alive and Thrive; IFPRI1; Open Access, A4NH; PHND, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), This dataset is the result of the frontline health workers/ auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) survey that was conducted to gather data for the endline part of the impact evaluation study of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions delivered through the Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Health (RMNCH) services in India. These include the provision of iron and folic acid (IFA) and calcium supplements, interpersonal counseling on diet during pregnancy and consumption of IFA and calcium, community mobilization, and adequate weight-gain monitoring during pregnancy. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. Using a cluster-randomized evaluation design, the primary objectives of the A&T evaluation study in India are to answer the following questions: (1) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions be improved by integrating nutrition-focused social behavior change (SBC) communication and systems strengthening approaches into antenatal care (ANC) services under the RMNCH program? (2) What factors affect the effective integration of maternal nutrition interventions into a well-established government ANC service delivery platform under the RMNCH program? (3) What are the impacts of the program on i) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein, and energy compared to recommended intake; ii) intake of IFA and calcium supplements during pregnancy; iii) weight gain monitoring; and iv) early initiation of breastfeeding. As with the baseline, the endline survey used the same 26 blocks in Uttar Pradesh. Thirteen blocks from two districts (Kanpur Dehat and Unnao) were randomly allocated to receive intensified maternal nutrition interventions. Another 13 blocks from the same two districts were randomly allocated t

2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Alive and Thrive; IFPRI1; Open Access, A4NH; PHND, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), This dataset is the result of the household/husband survey that was conducted to gather data for the endline part of the impact evaluation study of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions delivered through the Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Health (RMNCH) services in India. These include the provision of iron and folic acid (IFA) and calcium supplements, interpersonal counseling on diet during pregnancy and consumption of IFA and calcium, community mobilization, and adequate weight-gain monitoring during pregnancy. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. Using a cluster-randomized evaluation design, the primary objectives of the A&T evaluation study in India are to answer the following questions : (1) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions be improved by integrating nutrition-focused social behavior change (SBC) communication and systems strengthening approaches into antenatal care (ANC) services under the RMNCH program? (2) What factors affect the effective integration of maternal nutrition interventions into a well-established government ANC service delivery platform under the RMNCH program? (3) What are the impacts of the program on i) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein, and energy compared to recommended intake; ii) intake of IFA and calcium supplements during pregnancy; iii) weight gain monitoring; and iv) early initiation of breastfeeding. As with the baseline, the endline survey used the same 26 blocks in Uttar Pradesh. Thirteen blocks from two districts (Kanpur Dehat and Unnao) were randomly allocated to receive intensified maternal nutrition interventions. Another 13 blocks from the same two districts were randomly allocated to the comparison groups. The survey t

2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Alive and Thrive; IFPRI1; Open Access, A4NH; PHND, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), This dataset is the result of the frontline health workers/ accredited social health activist (ASHA) survey that was conducted to gather data for the endline part of the impact evaluation study of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions delivered through the Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Health (RMNCH) services in India. These include the provision of iron and folic acid (IFA) and calcium supplements, interpersonal counseling on diet during pregnancy and consumption of IFA and calcium, community mobilization, and adequate weight-gain monitoring during pregnancy. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. Using a cluster-randomized evaluation design, the primary objectives of the A&T evaluation study in India are to answer the following questions: (1) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions be improved by integrating nutrition-focused social behavior change (SBC) communication and systems strengthening approaches into antenatal care (ANC) services under the RMNCH program? (2) What factors affect the effective integration of maternal nutrition interventions into a well-established government ANC service delivery platform under the RMNCH program? (3) What are the impacts of the program on i) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein, and energy compared to recommended intake; ii) intake of IFA and calcium supplements during pregnancy; iii) weight gain monitoring; and iv) early initiation of breastfeeding. As with the baseline, the endline survey used the same 26 blocks in Uttar Pradesh. Thirteen blocks from two districts (Kanpur Dehat and Unnao) were randomly allocated to receive intensified maternal nutrition interventions. Another 13 blocks from the same two districts were randomly

2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Alive and Thrive; IFPRI1; Open Access, A4NH; PHND, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), This dataset is the result of the frontline health workers/supervisors survey that was conducted to gather data for the endline part of the impact evaluation study of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions delivered through the Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Health (RMNCH) services in India. These include the provision of iron and folic acid (IFA) and calcium supplements, interpersonal counseling on diet during pregnancy and consumption of IFA and calcium, community mobilization, and adequate weight-gain monitoring during pregnancy. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. Using a cluster-randomized evaluation design, the primary objectives of the A&T evaluation study in India are to answer the following questions: (1) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions be improved by integrating nutrition-focused social behavior change (SBC) communication and systems strengthening approaches into antenatal care (ANC) services under the RMNCH program? (2) What factors affect the effective integration of maternal nutrition interventions into a well-established government ANC service delivery platform under the RMNCH program? (3) What are the impacts of the program on i) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein, and energy compared to recommended intake; ii) intake of IFA and calcium supplements during pregnancy; iii) weight gain monitoring; and iv) early initiation of breastfeeding. As with the baseline, the endline survey used the same 26 blocks in Uttar Pradesh. Thirteen blocks from two districts (Kanpur Dehat and Unnao) were randomly allocated to receive intensified maternal nutrition interventions. Another 13 blocks from the same two districts were randomly allocated to the comparison gr

2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Alive and Thrive; IFPRI1; Open Access, A4NH; PHND, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), This dataset is the result of the household/mothers/mothers-in-law survey that was conducted to gather data for the endline part of the impact evaluation study of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions delivered through the Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Health (RMNCH) services in India. These include the provision of iron and folic acid (IFA) and calcium supplements, interpersonal counseling on diet during pregnancy and consumption of IFA and calcium, community mobilization, and adequate weight-gain monitoring during pregnancy. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. Using a cluster-randomized evaluation design, the primary objectives of the A&T evaluation study in India are to answer the following questions : (1) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions be improved by integrating nutrition-focused social behavior change (SBC) communication and systems strengthening approaches into antenatal care (ANC) services under the RMNCH program? (2) What factors affect the effective integration of maternal nutrition interventions into a well-established government ANC service delivery platform under the RMNCH program? (3) What are the impacts of the program on i) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein, and energy compared to recommended intake; ii) intake of IFA and calcium supplements during pregnancy; iii) weight gain monitoring; and iv) early initiation of breastfeeding. As with the baseline, the endline survey used the same 26 blocks in Uttar Pradesh. Thirteen blocks from two districts (Kanpur Dehat and Unnao) were randomly allocated to receive intensified maternal nutrition interventions. Another 13 blocks from the same two districts were randomly allocated to the comparison group

2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; IFPRI1; Open Access, PHND; SAR, CGIAR Research Programs on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), This dataset is the result of the household/pregnant women (PW) survey that was conducted to gather data for the nested cohort part of the impact evaluation study of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions delivered through the Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Health (RMNCH) services in India. These include the provision of iron and folic acid (IFA) and calcium supplements, interpersonal counseling on diet during pregnancy and consumption of IFA and calcium, community mobilization, and adequate weight-gain monitoring during pregnancy. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. Using a cluster-randomized evaluation design, the primary objectives of the A&T evaluation study in India are to answer the following questions: 1) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions be improved by integrating nutrition-focused social behavior change (SBC) communication and systems strengthening approaches into antenatal care (ANC) services under the RMNCH program? 2) What factors affect the effective integration of maternal nutrition interventions into a well-established government ANC service delivery platform under the RMNCH program? 3) What are the impacts of the program on i) consumption of diversified foods and adequate intake of micronutrient, protein, and energy compared to recommended intake; ii) intake of IFA and calcium supplements during pregnancy; iii) weight gain monitoring; and iv) early initiation of breastfeeding. As with the main impact evaluation, the nested cohort surveys used the same 26 blocks in Uttar Pradesh. Thirteen blocks from two districts (Kanpur Dehat and Unnao) were randomly allocated to receive intensified maternal nutrition interventions. Another 13 blocks from the same two districts were randomly allocated to