232 results on '"Sullivan, Cris"'
Search Results
2. Impact of the Domestic Violence Housing First Model on Survivors' Safety and Housing Stability: Six Month Findings
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Sullivan, Cris M., López-Zerón, Gabriela, Farero, Adam, Ayeni, Oyesola Oluwafunmilayo, Simmons, Cortney, Chiaramonte, Danielle, and Guerrero, Mayra
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Victims of crimes -- Homes and haunts -- Safety and security measures ,Homelessness -- Prevention ,Family violence -- Social aspects -- Economic aspects ,Family and marriage - Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a leading cause of homelessness, yet little evidence exists about effective strategies to assist IPV survivors as they work to avoid homelessness while freeing themselves from abuse. An ongoing demonstration evaluation is examining if and how one promising model assists IPV survivors in obtaining safe and stable housing over time. The Domestic Violence Housing First (DVHF) model involves providing IPV survivors with mobile advocacy and/or flexible funding, depending on individual needs, in order to attain these goals. We hypothesized that those receiving DVHF would experience greater housing stability and less re-abuse compared to survivors receiving services as usual. The current study evaluated the short-term efficacy of the DVHF model with a sample of 345 homeless or unstably housed survivors who sought services and who completed in-person interviews shortly after contacting the DV agency, as well as six months later. Those who received the DVHF model showed greater improvement in their housing stability compared to those receiving services as usual, as well as decreased economic abuse. Both groups experienced a sharp decline in all forms of abuse. The Domestic Violence Housing First model shows promise in helping unstably housed DV survivors achieve safe and stable housing. Study findings have implications for DV agencies as well as those funding such services. Understanding which interventions work best for which survivors is critical to ensuring that service providers are effectively working toward long-term housing stability and well-being for IPV survivors and their children., Author(s): Cris M. Sullivan [sup.1] , Gabriela López-Zerón [sup.1] , Adam Farero [sup.2] , Oyesola Oluwafunmilayo Ayeni [sup.1] , Cortney Simmons [sup.3] , Danielle Chiaramonte [sup.3] , Mayra Guerrero [sup.1] [...]
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- 2023
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3. The Use of Children as a Tactic of Intimate Partner Violence and its Relationship to Survivors' Mental Health
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Clements, Kathryn A. V., Sprecher, Mackenzie, Modica, Sydney, Terrones, Michelle, Gregory, Katie, and Sullivan, Cris M.
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Child abuse -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects ,Family violence -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects ,Mental illness -- Causes of ,Family and marriage - Abstract
Although prior research has established that intimate partner violence (IPV) often leads to increased depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little is known about how often abusive partners and ex-partners use survivors' children as an abuse tactic, nor whether this form of IPV also is detrimental to survivors' mental health. The current study interviewed 299 unstably housed survivors of intimate partner violence shortly after they sought services from a domestic violence agency. All participants were parents of minor children. In-person interviews asked about abuse experienced in the prior six months, including the ways children were used as a form of IPV. Participants were also asked about their current depression, anxiety, and symptoms of PTSD. As hypothesized, the majority of parents reported their abusive partners and ex-partners had used their children as a form of IPV to control and hurt them. Further, after controlling for other forms of IPV, use of the children significantly predicted both increased anxiety and greater number of PTSD symptoms. Results show the importance of focusing on the use of children as a common and injurious form of abuse used against survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV)., Author(s): Kathryn A. V. Clements [sup.1] , Mackenzie Sprecher [sup.1] , Sydney Modica [sup.1] , Michelle Terrones [sup.1] , Katie Gregory [sup.1] , Cris M. Sullivan [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) [...]
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- 2022
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4. Development and validation of the housing instability scale.
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Farero, Adam, Sullivan, Cris M., López-Zerón, Gabriela, Bowles, Ryan P., Sprecher, Mackenzie, Chiaramonte, Danielle, and Engleton, Jasmine
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HOUSING stability ,HOUSING development ,PREDICTIVE validity ,TEST validity ,HOMELESSNESS ,PSYCHOMETRICS - Abstract
Despite increasing attention to the importance of examining factors that impact housing instability and homelessness, the field lacks a validated scale of housing instability. The current study examined the reliability and validity of a seven-item scale that measures housing instability. Data were taken from a larger study which implemented the Domestic Violence Housing First model across five domestic violence agencies in the Pacific Northwest. A total of 406 participants were interviewed every six months over a period of two years. A Spanish version of the scale was administered to Spanish-speaking participants. Results provide an overview of the psychometric functioning of the scale and support its utility in assessing housing instability and homelessness. Specifically, the scale demonstrated concurrent and predictive validity, and showed evidence of scalar equivalence over time and across both language and locality. The current scale is therefore a succinct and psychometrically sound measure of housing instability which can be used moving forward to track housing instability in English and Spanish speakers, as well as in urban and rural settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Beyond the RCT: Integrating Rigor and Relevance to Evaluate the Outcomes of Domestic Violence Programs
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Goodman, Lisa A., Epstein, Deborah, and Sullivan, Cris M.
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Programs for domestic violence (DV) victims and their families have grown exponentially over the last four decades. The evidence demonstrating the extent of their effectiveness, however, often has been criticized as stemming from studies lacking scientific rigor. A core reason for this critique is the widespread belief that credible evidence can derive only from research grounded in randomized control trials (RCTs). Although the RCT method has its strengths, we argue that it is rarely an optimal--or even a possible--approach for evaluating multifaceted DV programs. This article reviews the reasons that RCT is a poor fit for such programs and argues that a more inclusive conceptualization of credible evidence is critical to expanding our knowledge base about how DV programs affect survivors' safety and well-being.
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- 2018
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6. Examining the Needs and Experiences of Domestic Violence Survivors in Transitional Housing
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Clark, Dessie Lee, Wood, Leila, and Sullivan, Cris M.
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United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development ,Domestic violence -- Research ,Security guards -- Research ,Violence ,Immigrants ,Retirement benefits ,Family and marriage - Abstract
Transitional Housing (TH) programs were developed for domestic violence (DV) survivors in order to provide the time, financial assistance, and supports needed for survivors to achieve long-term safety and housing stability. Previous research indicates TH may be effective for homeless families, but there is a paucity of evidence related to DV survivors' need for or use of TH. TH is an expensive housing intervention that is space limited and requires survivors to relocate at program end. It is therefore imperative to understand who is best suited for, interested in, and helped by DVTH. Thirty current survivors in a DVTH program were interviewed in order to elucidate the benefits and drawbacks of DVTH. The interviews were semi-structured, and both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Survivors in severe danger from their abusive partners and ex-partners, those with greater psychosocial needs, and immigrant survivors identified aspects unique to DVTH (e.g., high-level security, intensive services) as being critical to their safety and well-being. A small number of survivors would have chosen a less intensive and structured housing option, such as Rapid Re-housing (RR), that would have allowed them to remain in their housing after assistance ended, had such an option been available. DVTH appears to be an important option for some DV survivors, but more housing options are needed across communities to meet survivors' myriad needs., Author(s): Dessie Lee Clark [sup.1] , Leila Wood [sup.2] , Cris M. Sullivan [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2150 1785, grid.17088.36, Michigan State University, , East Lansing, MI, USA [...]
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- 2019
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7. Examining the Setting Characteristics that Promote Survivor Empowerment: a Mixed Method Study
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Nnawulezi, Nkiru, Sullivan, Cris M., and Hacskaylo, Margaret
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Social networks -- Analysis -- Methods -- Research ,Domestic violence -- Methods -- Research -- Analysis ,Organizations -- Research -- Methods -- Analysis ,Setting (Literature) ,Violence ,Power (Philosophy) ,Family and marriage - Abstract
Many abusers engage in violent behaviors to systematically remove power from and maintain control over their intimate partners. Domestic violence crisis housing organizations aim to increase safety and help survivors regain their power. Yet, little is known about how these settings accomplish this aim. This study drew on empowerment and empowering settings theories to explore how organizational characteristics contributed to empowering practice, and how this practice subsequently promoted survivor empowerment. Researchers employed an exploratory-sequential (QUALâquan) mixed-methods design at a domestic violence housing organization. Twelve staff participated in inductive, qualitative interviews. This was followed by deductive, quantitative structured interviews with thirty-three survivors. Qualitative results from staff revealed that the setting was survivor-centered, mission-driven, and distinctive. Staff held basic assumptions about survivors' right to self-determination. The relational culture emphasized partnerships, and people also had opportunities to hold meaningful roles within the organization. Setting leaders encouraged autonomy and creativity among all staff. Policies and procedures were also flexible. These setting characteristics were expected to support implementation of empowering practice. Quantitative results from the second phase supported a positive association between empowering practice and increased generalized, and safety-related, empowerment. This exploratory study suggests that setting characteristics are important to consider when understanding the complicated pathways that contribute to survivor empowerment and well-being., Author(s): Nkiru Nnawulezi [sup.1], Cris M. Sullivan [sup.2], Margaret Hacskaylo [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) 0000 0001 2177 1144, grid.266673.0, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, , 1000 Hilltop [...]
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- 2019
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8. ‘There’s Just All These Moving Parts:’ Helping Domestic Violence Survivors Obtain Housing
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Sullivan, Cris M., López-Zerón, Gabriela, Bomsta, Heather, and Menard, Anne
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- 2019
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9. IPV Survivors' Perceptions of How a Flexible Funding Housing Intervention Impacted Their Children
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Bomsta, Heather and Sullivan, Cris M.
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Domestic violence -- Psychological aspects -- Social aspects -- Health aspects ,Family relations -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects ,Housing -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects -- Social aspects -- Finance ,Company financing ,Family and marriage - Abstract
An estimated 15.5 million American children are exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) every year. Such exposure negatively impacts children's health, development and academic performance and may also be accompanied by housing instability or homelessness. Children growing up with periods of homelessness or housing instability are at risk for many of the same detrimental outcomes as children exposed to IPV. To date there are few studies examining the interrelationships among IPV, housing instability and the impact of housing interventions on children's well-being. The current qualitative, longitudinal study examined mothers' perceptions of how receipt of flexible funding designed to increase their housing stability may have also impacted their children's safety, stress, mood and behavior. Forty-two mothers in the Washington, D.C. metro area were interviewed three times over a six-month period about their own safety and housing stability, as well as their children's. Ninety-five percent of the mothers and their children were housed at the six-month interview. Mothers described improvements in children's stability and safety, decreases in children's stress levels, and improvements to their mood and behavior. They also discussed the symbiotic relationship between their own stress and well-being, and their children's. The provision of flexible funding to assist domestic violence survivors with their housing also collaterally impacted their children's safety, stress, mood and behavior., Author(s): Heather Bomsta [sup.1] , Cris M. Sullivan [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2150 1785, grid.17088.36, Michigan State University, , East Lansing, MI, USA Almost one in four women [...]
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- 2018
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10. Bringing Community Based Participatory Research to Domestic Violence Scholarship: an Online Toolkit
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Goodman, Lisa A., Thomas, Kristie A., Nnawulezi, Nkiru, Lippy, Carrie, Serrata, Josephine V., Ghanbarpour, Susan, and Sullivan, Cris
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Community-based research ,Domestic violence -- Reports ,Participatory research ,Family and marriage - Abstract
In the absence of ongoing involvement in the communities that are the subjects of research, even well-intentioned researchers can develop questions that are not relevant to community needs, employ methods that hurt community members, or disseminate findings in ways that are inaccessible to those most affected. Recognizing these harms, a growing number of domestic violence (DV) researchers have embraced community-based participatory research (CBPR), an approach in which researchers and community members share power at every level of the research process, co-creating knowledge that can be applied to enhance community well-being. Despite growing interest in this approach, however, there are insufficient opportunities for interested researchers to learn how to actually engage in it, especially in the DV context. To remedy this gap, the authors of this paper collaborated to develop an online toolkit for emerging researchers interested in CPBR. This brief report frames the need for CBPR in DV research using short vignettes that come from our own research experience; introduces Power Through Partnerships: A CBPR Toolkit for Domestic Violence Researchers; and presents recommendations for developing, promoting, and disseminating future CBPR research. We chose to announce the development and availability of this toolkit in an academic journal in order to highlight its scholarly and practical relevance for researcher audiences who might be less familiar with the CBPR approach., Author(s): Lisa A. Goodman [sup.1] , Kristie A. Thomas [sup.2] , Nkiru Nnawulezi [sup.3] , Carrie Lippy [sup.4] , Josephine V. Serrata [sup.5] , Susan Ghanbarpour [sup.6] , Cris Sullivan [...]
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- 2018
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11. Understanding How Domestic Violence Support Services Promote Survivor Well-being: A Conceptual Model
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Sullivan, Cris M.
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United States. National Domestic Violence Resource Network ,Domestic violence -- Social aspects -- Psychological aspects ,Family and marriage - Abstract
Domestic violence (DV) victim service programs have been increasingly expected by legislators and funders to demonstrate that they are making a significant difference in the lives of those using their services. Alongside this expectation, they are being asked to describe the Theory of Change guiding how they believe their practices lead to positive results for survivors and their children. Having a widely accepted conceptual model is not just potentially useful to funders and policy makers as they help shape policy and practice -- it can also help programs continually reflect upon and improve their work. This paper describes the iterative and collaborative process undertaken to generate a conceptual model describing how DV victim services are expected to improve survivors' lives. The Social and Emotional Well-Being Framework guiding the model is an ideal structure to use to describe the goals and practices of DV programs because this framework: (1) accurately represents DV programs' goal of helping survivors and their children thrive; and (2) recognizes the importance of community, social, and societal context in influencing individuals' social and emotional well-being. The model was designed to guide practice and to generate new questions for research and evaluation that address individual, community, and systems factors that promote or hinder survivor safety and well-being., Author(s): Cris M. Sullivan [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Psychology Department, Michigan State University, 0000 0001 2150 1785, grid.17088.36, , 316 Physics Rd., 48824, E. Lansing, MI, USA Domestic violence1 (DV) [...]
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- 2018
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12. An Eight State Study on the Relationships Among Domestic Violence Shelter Services and Residents' Self-Efficacy and Hopefulness
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Sullivan, Cris M. and Virden, Tyler
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Women's shelters -- Evaluation ,Abused women -- Homes and haunts ,Family and marriage - Abstract
Survivors of intimate partner violence have myriad reasons why they turn to domestic violence shelter programs. While all are seeking immediate safety and feel a pressing need to leave their homes to obtain it, safety is rarely the only issue survivors are grappling with upon shelter entry. Other concerns are particular to each person's history and circumstances, and include but are not limited to employment, counseling, social support, health care, addiction recovery services, immigration help, housing, and services for their children. The current study involved secondary analysis of survey data completed at two points in time by 565 shelter residents. The original research involved 215 domestic violence programs across eight states in the U.S., and surveys were completed by shelter residents shortly after they arrived in shelter and again as they were close to exiting. Results confirmed that survivors had numerous needs in addition to safety when entering shelter. Residents' overall rating of how helpful their stay at shelter had been for them was predicted by how much help they had received across their presenting needs, as well as how they were treated by staff. The amount of help received, as well as treatment by staff, also related to survivors' hopefulness at shelter exit, as well as the extent to which they felt better able to do things on their own. The study findings provide further evidence that domestic violence shelter staff assist residents with a variety of complex needs in addition to safety, and that this assistance is related to positive outcomes for survivors., Author(s): Cris M. Sullivan [sup.1] , Tyler Virden [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Michigan State University, 0000 0001 2150 1785, grid.17088.36, , Psychology Building, 316 Physics Rd., 48824-1116, E. Lansing, MI, [...]
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- 2017
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13. Bringing Community Based Participatory Research to Domestic Violence Scholarship: an Online Toolkit
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Goodman, Lisa A., Thomas, Kristie A., Nnawulezi, Nkiru, Lippy, Carrie, Serrata, Josephine V., Ghanbarpour, Susan, Sullivan, Cris, and Bair-Merritt, Megan H.
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- 2017
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14. Understanding How Domestic Violence Support Services Promote Survivor Well-being: A Conceptual Model
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Sullivan, Cris M.
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- 2017
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15. Experimentally Evaluating the Impact of a School-Based African-Centered Emancipatory Intervention on the Ethnic Identity of African American Adolescents
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Lewis, Kelly M., Andrews, Emily, Gaska, Karie, Sullivan, Cris, Bybee, Deborah, and Ellick, Kecia L.
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Ethnic identity, the extent to which one defines one's self as a member of a particular ethnic group, has been found to be an important predictor of African American adolescents' psychological and behavioral well-being. This study experimentally examined the effects of a school-based emancipatory intervention on the ethnic identity of African American adolescents. Using a promising education framework drawn from elements of East African Ujamaa philosophy and practice, the intervention was provided to a randomly selected group of 32 eighth graders in a predominately African American inner-city mainstream public school and then compared to a randomly selected group of 33 eighth graders in a regularly scheduled life skills class from the same population. Contrary to expectations, growth trajectory modeling indicated that participants' ethnic identity significantly decreased throughout the intervention compared to youth in the control group. Intervention and evaluation challenges are discussed as are implications for future practice and research. (Contains 4 figures and 2 tables.)
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- 2012
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16. The Impact of Resource Constraints on the Psychological Well-Being of Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence over Time
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Beeble, Marisa L., Bybee, Deborah, and Sullivan, Cris M.
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This study examined the impact of resource constraints on the psychological well-being of survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), testing whether resource constraints is one mechanism that partially mediates the relationship between IPV and women's well-being. Although within-woman changes in resource constraints did not mediate the relationship between change in physical abuse and change in well-being, change in resource constraints fully explained the relationship between change in psychological abuse and change in psychological well-being over time. Survivors' resource constraints were fully responsible for the significant mental health consequences that women experienced after psychological abuse. Between-women differences in initial resource constraints were also examined; however, they did not mediate the relationship between women's earlier experiences of abuse and change in their well-being over time. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. (Contains 3 tables.)
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- 2010
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17. An Ecological Examination of Rural Mozambican Women's Attainment of Postwar Wellbeing
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Deacon, Zermarie and Sullivan, Cris
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Women's experiences of warfare and postwar recovery are qualitatively different from those of men. However, to date, the processes whereby women recover from the gendered impacts of war have not been sufficiently explored. In order to address this gap in the literature and to inform policies and services aimed at women recovering from warfare, a qualitative investigation was conducted of the process whereby women in one rural community in northern Mozambique attained wellbeing in the wake of war. Findings indicate that factors at all levels of the socio-ecological system were significant in supporting women's attainment of postwar wellbeing. (Contains 5 footnotes.)
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- 2010
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18. Main, Mediating, and Moderating Effects of Social Support on the Well-Being of Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence across 2 Years
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Beeble, Marisa L., Bybee, Deborah, and Sullivan, Cris M.
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Intimate partner violence is a serious and pervasive social problem with deleterious consequences for survivors' well-being. The current study involved interviewing 160 survivors 6 times over 2 years to examine the role of social support in explaining or buffering these negative psychological consequences. The authors examined both between- and within-persons variability to explore women's trajectories regarding their experiences of abuse, social support, depression, and quality of life (QOL). Findings revealed the complex role of social support on women's well-being. Evidence was found for main, mediating, and moderating effects of social support on women's well-being. First, social support was positively related to QOL and negatively related to depression. Social support also partially explained the effect of baseline level and subsequent change in physical abuse on QOL and depression over time, partially mediated the effects of change in psychological abuse, and moderated the impact of abuse on QOL. The buffering effects of social support were strongest at lower levels of abuse. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed. (Contains 3 tables and 2 figures.)
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- 2009
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19. The Effects of Community and Family Violence Exposure on Anxiety Trajectories during Middle Childhood: The Role of Family Social Support as a Moderator
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Kennedy, Angie C., Bybee, Deborah, and Sullivan, Cris M.
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This 2-year longitudinal study investigated the relations between community and school violence exposure, witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV), family social support, and anxiety, within a sample of 100 school-age children (39% female, M age = 9.90 years). Using multilevel modeling, we found heterogeneity across children in terms of their initial levels of anxiety and their trajectories of anxiety over time. Initial community and school violence exposure and witnessing IPV were both positively associated with initial levels of anxiety. Over time, change in both community and school violence exposure and witnessing IPV positively covaried with anxiety. Further, gender, initial family social support, and change in family social support significantly moderated the effect of change in community and school violence exposure on anxiety. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)
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- 2009
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20. Sexual Relationship Power, Intimate Partner Violence, and Condom Use among Minority Urban Girls
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Teitelman, Anne M., Ratcliffe, Sarah J., Morales-Aleman, Mercedes M., and Sullivan, Cris M.
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This study examined the association between sexual relationship power, intimate partner violence, and condom use among African American and Hispanic urban girls. In this sample of 56 sexually active girls, 50% did not use condoms consistently and therefore were at higher risk for acquiring HIV or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Teens who experienced more intimate partner violence had a significantly higher likelihood of inconsistent condom use and therefore a greater risk for HIV/STDs. Girls' sense of sexual control in their relationships was not directly associated with inconsistent condom use but was inversely related to verbal and emotional abuse. Interventions aimed at reducing HIV/STD risk for adolescent girls need to address patterns of dominance and control in adolescent relationships as well as multiple forms of partner violence. This suggests the need for multilevel intervention approaches that promote girls' agency and multiple ways to keep girls safe from perpetrators of partner abuse. (Contains 2 tables and 3 figures.)
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- 2008
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21. Contextual Factors Impacting Battered Women's Intentions to Reuse the Criminal Legal System
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Fleury-Steiner, Ruth E., Bybee, Deborah, and Sullivan, Cris M.
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While a small number of past studies have examined either situational, relational, or systems-level factors that influence battered women's use of either the police, prosecutorial, or court systems, no study to date has examined how these factors each influence women's intentions to reuse these systems. To address this gap, in-person interviews were conducted with 178 women whose assailants had been charged with a domestic violence-related crime against them. Survivors of intimate partner violence were asked about the violence itself, their relationship with the perpetrator (including financial dependence on him), community supports, their expectations, and desires regarding the criminal legal response, and their prior experiences with the police, prosecutors, legal advocates, and the courts. Regression analyses were conducted to examine women's intentions to reuse the criminal legal system in the event of future violence. Consistent with an ecological perspective on behavior (e.g., Bronfenbrenner, 1979), the context of women's lives, the violence they had experienced, and their experiences with the police and the legal system all impacted their intentions. Specifically, women were more likely to want further involvement with these systems if they were employed, felt supported by their communities, had received information about services from the police, had experienced case outcomes consistent with their desires, and had been treated well by the criminal legal system. Women were less inclined to intend to use the system in the future if they were legally or financially tied to their perpetrators, if they had been assaulted again before the court case was closed, if court proceedings had been cancelled at least once, and if they had been pressured rather than supported by the criminal legal system. Implications of the findings are discussed. (Contains 2 tables and 1 footnote.)
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- 2006
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22. An Experimental Evaluation of a School-Based Emancipatory Intervention to Promote African American Well-Being and Youth Leadership
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Lewis, Kelly M., Sullivan, Cris M., and Bybee, Deborah
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This study experimentally examined the effect of a school-based emancipatory intervention on the psychological and behavioral well-being of African American adolescents. Sixty-five eighth graders in an inner-city, predominantly Black school were randomly assigned to either receive the experimental intervention or a regular Life Skills course (the control condition). The class met three times a week for one semester. Growth trajectory modeling was used to test the extent to which the intervention affected students' communal worldviews, individualism, school connectedness, motivation to achieve, and social change activities over time. Results indicated that the intervention positively affected each of these variables. Increased communalism and increased school connectedness mediated the relationship between the intervention and students' motivation to achieve. Competitive individualistic orientation was a partial mediator for motivation to achieve. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed. (Contains 3 tables.)
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- 2006
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23. Examining the Impact of Differential Cultural Adaptation With Latina/o Immigrants Exposed to Adapted Parent Training Interventions
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Parra-Cardona, J. Rubén, Bybee, Deborah, Sullivan, Cris M., Domenech Rodríguez, Melanie M., Dates, Brian, Tams, Lisa, and Bernal, Guillermo
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- 2017
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24. Impact of the Domestic Violence Housing First Model on Survivors' Safety and Housing Stability: 12-Month Findings.
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Sullivan, Cris M., Guerrero, Mayra, Simmons, Cortney, López-Zerón, Gabriela, Ayeni, Oyesola Oluwafunmilayo, Farero, Adam, Chiaramonte, Danielle, and Sprecher, Mackenzie
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- *
SAFETY , *PSYCHOLOGICAL abuse , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *CLINICAL trials , *COUNSELING , *SOCIAL support , *RESEARCH methodology , *HOUSING stability , *INTERVIEWING , *DOMESTIC violence , *INTIMATE partner violence , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *SEX crimes , *CHI-squared test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RESEARCH funding , *HOUSING , *HOMELESSNESS , *STALKING , *STATISTICAL models , *PATH analysis (Statistics) , *DATA analysis software , *LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread and devastating phenomenon resulting in a myriad of long-term consequences for survivors and their children. IPV victimization not only has negative health and economic consequences, it has also been linked to homelessness and housing instability. In response, the Domestic Violence Housing First (DVHF) model is being used in some domestic violence (DV) agencies to help survivors attain safe and stable housing. The model includes using individualized advocacy and/or flexible funding to help survivors meet these goals. Using a longitudinal, quasi-experimental design, the current study involved conducting interviews with survivors and examining agency records to investigate the effectiveness of this model. We hypothesized that survivors who received DVHF would experience less re-abuse and greater housing stability over 12 months compared to those who received services as usual (SAU). The sample included 345 IPV survivors who had been homeless or unstably housed when they approached one of five DV programs for help. Interviews were spaced 6 months apart (when survivors first sought services as well as 6 months and 12 months later). Longitudinal analyses showed that survivors who received the DVHF model reported greater improvements in housing stability at both the 6-month and 12-month time points compared to those receiving SAU. At the 12-month time point, survivors who had received DVHF reported decreased physical, psychological, and economic abuse, as well as the use of their children against them as a form of abuse. This study adds to a growing body of evidence supporting this model's effectiveness and adds to our understanding of factors impacting the long-term housing stability and safety for IPV survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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25. Ethical and Safety Considerations When Obtaining Information From or About Battered Women for Research Purposes
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Sullivan, Cris M. and Cain, Debra
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More and more researchers, evaluators, and policy makers are recognizing that in order to best understand the factors precipitating, supporting, and prohibiting intimate violence against women, we must often gather information directly from battered women themselves. Such data collection, however, is not without its risks to the women involved in such studies. It is important that researchers and evaluators consider ethical issues, especially but not limited to those related to safety and confidentiality, before attempting to gather information either directly from battered women or through their records or files. This article provides a number of practical strategies and protocols that have been used successfully when gathering sensitive information from and about women with abusive partners.
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- 2004
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26. How Children's Adjustment Is Affected by Their Relationships to Their Mothers' Abusers.
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Sullivan, Cris M., Bybee, Deborah, and Juras, Jennifer
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This article reviews evidence that an abuser's relationship to the child (whether a biological father, stepfather/father figure, or nonfather figure) is an important variable in understanding a child's adjustment. Although the level of physical abuse did not differ by grouping, stepfathers were the most emotionally abusive and children reported being fearful of them. (Author/JDM)
- Published
- 2000
27. Evaluating domestic violence support service programs: Waste of time, necessary evil, or opportunity for growth?
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Sullivan, Cris M.
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- 2011
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28. Beyond Deficits: Intimate Partner Violence, Maternal Parenting, and Child Behavior Over Time
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Greeson, Megan R., Kennedy, Angie C., Bybee, Deborah I., Beeble, Marisa, Adams, Adrienne E., and Sullivan, Cris
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- 2014
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29. Exploratory Examination of How Race and Criminal Record Relate to Housing Instability Among Domestic Violence Survivors.
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Engleton, Jasmine, Sullivan, Cris M., and Hamdan, Noora
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RESEARCH , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *RESEARCH methodology , *DOMESTIC violence , *RACE , *CRIMINALS , *REGRESSION analysis , *INTERVIEWING , *INTIMATE partner violence - Abstract
Housing instability is a critical concern in the United States, and domestic violence (DV) survivors are a group at high risk for experiencing housing instability or of becoming unhoused. Prior research has also identified having a criminal record (CR) as being a major barrier to obtaining stable housing, and this is truer for Black and Latinx people compared to their White counterparts. No study has examined whether comparable trends exist among survivors of DV, a group also at elevated risk of having a CR, sometimes related to their experience of abuse. The current exploratory study included 305 unhoused or unstably housed female DV survivors who had sought out DV support services. Multivariate regressions explored if survivor race and CR were separately linked to greater housing instability. CR was then explored as a potential moderator in the relation between race and housing instability. Results revealed that DV survivors with a CR faced greater housing instability than those without a CR, Black and Latina survivors experienced greater housing stability than did White survivors, and CR did not moderate the relation between race and housing instability. The racial differences were unexpected and are discussed in light of methodological limitations. This is the first study to date to explore the role of CR possession on housing instability for DV survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The impact of COVID‐19 on the safety, housing stability, and mental health of unstably housed domestic violence survivors.
- Author
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Chiaramonte, Danielle, Simmons, Cortney, Hamdan, Noora, Ayeni, Oyesola Oluwafunmilayo, López‐Zerón, Gabriela, Farero, Adam, Sprecher, Mackenzie, and Sullivan, Cris M.
- Subjects
HOUSING stability ,MENTAL health ,DOMESTIC violence ,STAY-at-home orders ,COVID-19 ,SUPPORTED employment - Abstract
Using data from an ongoing longitudinal study, we examined the impact of the COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home orders on a racially diverse population of unstably housed domestic violence (DV) survivors over time. Specifically, we examined survivors' safety, housing stability, and mental health before, during, and after the onset of COVID‐19, and how demographic, social, and familial factors attenuated or exacerbated the effect of the stay‐at‐home orders. Approximately 300 participants were initially interviewed after they sought services from a DV agency, and then again, every 6 months over 2 years. COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home orders occurred midway through the completion of this multi‐year study. Longitudinal mixed effects models were estimated to examine the impact of COVID‐19 on the safety, housing stability, and mental health of survivors over time. We also examined models with several time‐varying (e.g., employment, income, social support, and number of children) and time‐invariant (baseline outcome scores, racial/ethnic identity, education, and disability status) control variables. Results revealed that safety, housing stability and mental health were improving for study participants before the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic but plateaued after the stay‐at‐home orders were issued. Experiences of abuse, housing instability, and mental health symptomatology did not worsen as a result of the COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home orders. Notably, social support and housing services emerged as important predictors of outcomes, such that participants who received housing‐related services and greater social support reported less abuse, less housing instability, and lower mental health distress. COVID‐19 temporarily disrupted the positive trajectory unstably housed DV survivors were experiencing in regard to safety, housing stability and mental health. These findings provide critical insight into the importance of service access during and after global catastrophes. Additional resources and support may be helpful in assisting survivors to return to their pre‐pandemic recovery and growth trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Post-separation abuse of women and their children: boundary-setting and family court utilization among victimized mothers
- Author
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Zeoli, April M., Rivera, Echo A., Sullivan, Cris M., and Kubiak, Sheryl
- Subjects
Conjugal violence -- Control ,Wife abuse -- Control ,Family courts -- Powers and duties ,Help-seeking behavior -- Methods ,Divorced mothers -- Civil rights -- Safety and security measures ,Family and marriage - Abstract
Continued abuse of themselves and their children is a concern for many mothers leaving intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrating husbands. This research examines women's responses to abuse committed by ex-husbands with whom they had undergone custody disputes. In-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted with 19 mothers who had divorced IPV-perpetrating husbands between 1 and 3-years prior. Participants were located through publicly available family court divorce records and interviews were examined using analytic induction. Women's strategies to protect themselves and their children from abuse involved setting boundaries to govern their interactions with ex-husbands. Mothers often turned to family court for assistance in setting boundaries to keep children safe, but found that family court did not respond in ways they believed protected their children. Conversely, when women turned to the justice system for restraining orders or called the police for help against IPV, they generally found the justice system responsive. Keywords Intimate partner violence * Child abuse * Child custody * Family court, Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a factor in many women's decisions to end their marriages (Kurz 1996). While it is commonly assumed that leaving an abusive partner will increase a [...]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A Model of Sexually and Physically Victimized Women’s Process of Attaining Effective Formal Help over Time: The Role of Social Location, Context, and Intervention
- Author
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Kennedy, Angie C., Adams, Adrienne, Bybee, Deborah, Campbell, Rebecca, Kubiak, Sheryl Pimlott, and Sullivan, Cris
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Abused Mothers’ Safety Concerns and Court Mediators’ Custody Recommendations
- Author
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Rivera, Echo A., Zeoli, April M., and Sullivan, Cris M.
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Impact of Neighborhood Factors on the Well-Being of Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence Over Time
- Author
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Beeble, Marisa L., Sullivan, Cris M., and Bybee, Deborah
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Main, mediating, and moderating effects of social support on the well-being of survivors of intimate partner violence across 2 years
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Beeble, Marisa L., Bybee, Deborah, Sullivan, Cris M., and Adams, Adrienne E.
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Family violence -- Psychological aspects ,Social networks -- Influence ,Abused women -- Social aspects ,Abused women -- Psychological aspects ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Intimate partner violence is a serious and pervasive social problem with deleterious consequences for survivors' well-being. The current study involved interviewing 160 survivors 6 times over 2 years to examine the role of social support in explaining or buffering these negative psychological consequences. The authors examined both between- and within-persons variability to explore women's trajectories regarding their experiences of abuse, social support, depression, and quality of life (QOL). Findings revealed the complex role of social support on women's well-being. Evidence was found for main, mediating, and moderating effects of social support on women's well-being. First, social support was positively related to QOL and negatively related to depression. Social support also partially explained the effect of baseline level and subsequent change in physical abuse on QOL and depression over time, partially mediated the effects of change in psychological abuse, and moderated the impact of abuse on QOL. The buffering effects of social support were strongest at lower levels of abuse. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed. Keywords: domestic violence, quality of life, depression, multilevel modeling, longitudinal
- Published
- 2009
36. Responding to the complex and gendered needs of refugee women
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Deacon, Zermarie and Sullivan, Cris
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Women refugees -- Social aspects ,Forced migration -- Demographic aspects ,Sociology and social work ,Women's issues/gender studies - Abstract
Refugee women's experiences and needs are qualitatively different from those of men. However, women's experiences have long been overlooked in favor of a male-centered paradigm that governs the response to survivors of warfare. To close this gap in science and practice, a needs assessment was conducted with 31 refugee women. The findings revealed the importance of considering the impact of refugee women's sociodemographic characteristics on their experiences in resettlement and the significance of their need for basic resources. Meeting these needs may facilitate the resettlement process and ameliorate the gendered effects of resettlement on refugee women. Keywords: needs assessment; refugee resettlement; refugee women
- Published
- 2009
37. Examining contextual influences on the service needs of homeless and unstably housed domestic violence survivors.
- Author
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Chiaramonte, Danielle, Clements, Kathryn A.V., López‐Zerón, Gabriela, Ayeni, Oyesola Oluwafunmilayo, Farero, Adam M., Ma, Wenjuan, and Sullivan, Cris M.
- Subjects
HOMELESS persons ,DOMESTIC violence ,INTIMATE partner violence ,HOUSING ,HOMELESSNESS - Abstract
Domestic violence (DV) is a leading cause of homelessness for women, yet many DV agencies are just beginning to focus on helping clients stabilize their housing situations. The purpose of this study was to better understand the contexts and service needs of unstably housed and homeless DV survivors, to promote more efficient and successful service matching from DV agencies. We examined whether DV survivors could be grouped by particular features, histories, and contextual factors, and how these group differences impacted what they needed from DV agencies. The sample included 406 homeless and unstably housed DV survivors who had recently sought DV services. Latent class analysis supported the identification of four distinct classes: (1) highest disadvantages service seeker, (2) moderate disadvantages—criminal legal system service seeker, (3) moderate disadvantages service seeker, and (4) lower disadvantages service seeker. Additionally, we were able to profile each class, and test the types of services survivors in each class needed from agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Does Job Stability Mediate the Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health Among Low-Income Women?
- Author
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Adams, Adrienne E., Bybee, Deborah, Tolman, Richard M., Sullivan, Cris M., and Kennedy, Angie C.
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Factors related to willingness to help survivors of intimate partner violence
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Beeble, Marisa L., Post, Lori A., Bybee, Deborah, and Sullivan, Cris M.
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Family violence -- Social aspects ,Social networks -- Research ,Victims -- Social aspects ,Law ,Psychology and mental health ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
Although researchers have found that survivors of intimate partner violence seek support from a multitude of sources, ranging from professionals to informal support networks, little is known about the extent to which community members reach out to help survivors. This study explored the type of support provided to survivors and various factors that relate to individuals' willingness to help. Survivors were more likely to be helped by women, younger individuals, those who strongly endorsed criminal justice interventions for perpetrators, and those who perceived intimate partner violence as a frequently occurring issue in their communities. Two additional factors were found to relate to an individual's likelihood of assisting others, including witnessing intimate partner violence as a child and prior victimization. Further research is needed in this area to explore helper, survivor, and contextual characteristics that may affect one's likelihood to offer assistance to survivors. Keywords: intimate partner violence; domestic violence; help-giving behavior; willingness to help
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- 2008
40. Sexual relationship power, intimate partner violence, and condom use among minority urban girls
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Teitelman, Anne M., Ratcliffe, Sarah J., Morales-Aleman, Mercedes M., and Sullivan, Cris M.
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African American women -- Sexual behavior ,African American women -- Social aspects ,Family violence -- Demographic aspects ,Hispanic American women -- Sexual behavior ,Hispanic American women -- Social aspects ,Sexually transmitted diseases -- Risk factors ,Sexually transmitted diseases -- Demographic aspects ,Law ,Psychology and mental health ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
This study examined the association between sexual relationship power, intimate partner violence, and condom use among African American and Hispanic urban girls. In this sample of 56 sexually active girls, 50% did not use condoms consistently and therefore were at higher risk for acquiring HIV or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Teens who experienced more intimate partner violence had a significantly higher likelihood of inconsistent condom use and therefore a greater risk for HIV/STDs. Girls' sense of sexual control in their relationships was not directly associated with inconsistent condom use but was inversely related to verbal and emotional abuse. Interventions aimed at reducing HIV/STD risk for adolescent girls need to address patterns of dominance and control in adolescent relationships as well as multiple forms of partner violence. This suggests the need for multilevel intervention approaches that promote girls' agency and multiple ways to keep girls safe from perpetrators of partner abuse. Keywords: adolescents; prevention; condom use; partner abuse; relationship power: intimate partner violence
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- 2008
41. How child protection workers support or further victimize battered mothers
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Johnson, Susan P. and Sullivan, Cris M.
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Social work administration -- Research ,Abused women -- Surveys ,Child welfare workers -- Evaluation ,Sociology and social work ,Women's issues/gender studies - Abstract
This study explored battered mothers' perceptions of their interactions with child protective services (CPS) workers to increase understanding about how child welfare workers and policies can have negative as well as positive impacts on women's and children's lives. The research was guided by two feminist frameworks: structured action theory and social entrapment theory. Twenty women participated in the in-depth, qualitative interviews. Most felt misunderstood and unsupported by their CPS workers and thought that this treatment directly harmed them and their children. Many batterers manipulated caseworkers and escaped sanctions, which contributed to negative consequences. Some women received helpful responses from their caseworkers and viewed such support as invaluable. Implications for social work practice are discussed. Keywords: battered women; child protection workers; failure to protect; domestic violence; battered mothers
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- 2008
42. Predicting Re-Victimization of Battered Women 3 Years After Exiting a Shelter Program
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Bybee, Deborah and Sullivan, Cris M.
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- 2005
- Full Text
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43. Survivors' opinions about mandatory reporting of domestic violence and sexual assault by medical professionals
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Sullivan, Cris M. and Hagen, Leslie A.
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Family violence -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Sexual harassment -- Forecasts and trends ,Sexual harassment -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Government regulation ,Market trend/market analysis ,Sociology and social work ,Women's issues/gender studies - Abstract
Sixty-one survivors of domestic or sexual abuse participated in focus groups to discuss their perceptions of mandatory reporting by health care professionals. Only one participant believed that medical providers should notify the police when a woman seeks treatment. This survivor's experience was different from that of most of the other participants in that she was raped by a stranger. The remaining participants were unanimous in their belief that medical reporting should not be mandatory until a number of changes are made in the system to promote victims' safety. The survivors shared numerous examples of having been revictimized by the child protection system, health care system, mass media, and especially the criminal legal system. Practice, policy, and research implications are discussed. Keywords: domestic abuse; health care; mandatory reporting; sexual assault
- Published
- 2005
44. Using the ESID Model to Reduce Intimate Male Violence Against Women
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Sullivan, Cris M.
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- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Ethical and safety considerations when obtaining information from or about battered women for research purposes
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Sullivan, Cris M. and Cain, Debra
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Family violence -- Research ,Confidential communications -- Research ,Law ,Psychology and mental health ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
More and more researchers, evaluators, and policy makers are recognizing that in order to best understand the factors precipitating, supporting, and prohibiting intimate violence against women, we must often gather information directly from battered women themselves. Such data collection, however, is not without its risks to the women involved in such studies. It is important that researchers and evaluators consider ethical issues, especially but not limited to those related to safety and confidentiality, before attempting to gather information either directly from battered women or through their records or files. This article provides a number of practical strategies and protocols that have been used successfully when gathering sensitive information from and about women with abusive partners. Keywords: safety; confidentiality; ethical; domestic violence
- Published
- 2004
46. Beyond Bruises and Broken Bones: The Joint Effects of Stress and Injuries on Battered Women's Health
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Sutherland, Cheryl A., Bybee, Deborah I., and Sullivan, Cris M.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The Process Through Which an Advocacy Intervention Resulted in Positive Change for Battered Women Over Time
- Author
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Bybee, Deborah I. and Sullivan, Cris M.
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- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Transitional supportive housing programs: battered women's perspectives and recommendations
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Melbin, Anna, Sullivan, Cris M., and Cain, Debra
- Subjects
Women's shelters -- Evaluation ,Family violence -- Prevention ,Abused women -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes ,Sociology and social work ,Women's issues/gender studies - Abstract
Finding safe, affordable housing is one of the greatest obstacles that women who leave abusive partners face. In response, advocates for battered women have begun to offer transitional supportive housing (TSH) programs. This article reports on interviews with 55 key stakeholders of these programs (direct service staff, current participants, former participants, and shelter residents) to examine the degree to which TSH programs fulfill the needs of the women who use them. Consistent with other research on empowerment-based services, the study found that the women were most satisfied when services were provided in a respectful and individualized manner. The women's recommendations included the implementation of safety protocols and the need for a variety of support services that should be offered but not mandated. Keywords: battered women; domestic violence; transitional housing; services for women
- Published
- 2003
49. Findings from a community-based program for battered women and their children
- Author
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Sullivan, Cris M., Bybee, Deborah I., and Allen, Nicole E.
- Subjects
Abused women -- Services ,Family violence -- Research ,Community psychiatric services -- Research ,Abused children -- Services ,Law ,Psychology and mental health ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
The effectiveness of a strengths- and community-based support and advocacy intervention for battered women and their children was examined. The study included a longitudinal, experimental design and employed multimethod strategies to measure children's exposure to abuse and their self-competence over a period of 8 months. Maternal experience of abuse and maternal well-being were also assessed. The experimental intervention involved advocacy for mothers and their children and a 10-week support and education group for the children. Families in the experimental condition received the free services of a trained paraprofessional for 6 to 8 hours per week over 16 weeks. Eighty mothers and their 80 children participated in the study. Findings were modest but promising. Children in the experimental condition reported significantly higher self-competence in several domains compared to children in the control group. The intervention caused improvement in women's depression and self-esteem over time. Policy, practice and research implications are discussed.
- Published
- 2002
50. Effects of intimate partner violence versus poverty on women's health
- Author
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Sutherland, Cheryl A., Sullivan, Cris M., and Bybee, Deborah I.
- Subjects
Women -- Health aspects ,Family violence -- Health aspects ,Social economics -- Health aspects ,Poverty -- Health aspects ,Sociology and social work ,Women's issues/gender studies - Abstract
This article examines the relationship between domestic abuse and income level on women's physical health. The authors maintain that physical abuse and poverty contribute to women's poor physical health, with physical abuse being a stronger factor than income level.
- Published
- 2001
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