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Metro tunnel sections in China can generally be divided into two types, those in granite formations (D = 6.0 m) and those in soft soils (D = 6.2 m), to which the same shield tunnel machine cannot be applied. The consequent low rate of machine utilization needs to be addressed. One solution is to modify shield machines which tend to tunnel granite strata with varying degrees of weathering (D = 6.0 m) into those applicable in soft soils (D = 6.2 m). Shield tunneling is a complex operation accompanied by potential risks, and accordingly it is demanded in risk evaluation and management. Hence, according to the construction features of modified shield machines in soft soil areas, this paper identifies relevant risks before establishing a specific model of risk evaluation by virtue of a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. This model weighs risk factors by triangular fuzzy numbers, and the membership function included is of L-R type that is frequently used in engineering. This risk evaluation model is applied to one section tunnel (Binhai New Town-Lianhua) of Metro Line 6 in Fuzhou City. Tunneling tests in the field uncover problems of the modified shield machine, including inappropriate tunneling parameters, segment dislocation, segment damage, and inadequate grouting. The result conforms to that produced by the risk evaluation model, which in turn proves the reliability of this model. Field data are also analyzed to address existing problems and to determine the appropriate tunneling parameters. The validity of these tunneling parameters is verified when surface settlement is measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of aquaculture waters is directly related to water management and aquaculture efficiency, which puts forward higher requirements for water quality evaluation. Based on the consideration of the influence of temporal and spatial changes on the water quality, this paper proposed an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for aquaculture water quality evaluation. Specifically, constructing a new membership function in the first place, and then selecting dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and ammonia nitrogen content as water quality indexes for aquaculture, after that, collecting 60 sets of water quality index for different seasons in the past three years, finally, evaluating the water quality of Yangjiabo Aquaculture Base. Meanwhile, comparing it with the evaluation results of the single factor evaluation method and the traditional fuzzy evaluation method. The results show that the water quality of the Yangjiabo Aquaculture Base is at the worst level in winter, and the water quality has improved significantly in spring, summer and autumn. Compared with the other two method, the improved method can comprehensively reflect the changes in water quality with time and space, which is more practical, and so it can be considered to provide a scientific basis for efficient aquaculture and water quality classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the fault-tolerant control problem of uncertain doubly-fed wind turbine generation systems with sensor faults. Considering the uncertainty of the system, a fault-tolerant control strategy based on a T-S fuzzy observer is proposed. The fuzzy observer is established based on the T-S fuzzy model of the uncertain nonlinear system. According to the comparison and analysis of residual between the state estimation of the fuzzy observer output and the measured value of the real sensor, a fault detection and isolation (FDI) based on T-S fuzzy observer is designed. Then by using a Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC) method we design the robust fuzzy controller. Finally, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of the closed-loop system are proved by quoting Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of robust fault-tolerant control for actuators of nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters is studied in this paper. Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is used to describe the wind energy conversion system (WECS). Fuzzy dedicated observer (FDO) and fuzzy proportional integral observer (FPIO) are established to reconstruct the system state and actuator fault, respectively. Fuzzy Robust Scheduling Fault-Tolerant Controller (FRSFTC) is designed by parallel distributed compensation (PDC) method, so as to realize the purpose of active fault tolerance for actuator faults and ensure the robust stability of the system. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by Taylor series, Lyapunov function, and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the simulation results verify that the proposed method is feasible and effective applied to WECS with doubly fed induction generators (DFIG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]